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Tanwar AK, Dhillon MK, Hasan F, Kumar S, Kirti JS. Lipid composition differs in diapause and nondiapause states of spotted stem borer, Chilo partellus. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 274:110996. [PMID: 38810773 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2024.110996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Spotted stem borer, Chilo partellus, undergoes larval diapause (hibernation and aestivation), and depends on the food reserve accumulated during feeding stage for its survival. Lipids are the primary source of energy during diapause, and essential for different cellular, biochemical and physiological functions. However, there is no information on lipid and lipophilic compound contents during different stages of hibernation, aestivation and nondiapause in C. partellus. Thus, we compared the concentration and composition of lipids in pre-diapause, diapause and post-diapause stages of hibernation and aestivation with nondiapause stages of C. partellus. The studies revealed significant differences in total lipids and various lipophilic compounds during different stages of diapause as compared to nondiapause C. partellus. The total lipids were significantly lower during diapause stage of aestivation and hibernation as compared to nondiapause larvae. Further, the linoleic acid, Methyl 3-methoxytetradecanoate, and l-(+)-Ascorbic acid 2,6-dihexadecanoate were significantly lower, and oleic and palmitoleic acids greater during pre-diapause and diapause stages of hibernation and aestivation as compared to nondiapause larvae. The cholesterol content was significantly greater during pre-diapause stage of hibernation, and diapause and post-diapause stages of aestivation as compared to nondiapause stages. The unsaturation ratio was significantly higher in the pre-diapause and diapause stages and lower in post-diapause stage of aestivation than the hibernation and nondiapause states. This study provides insights on differential lipid profiles during different phases of diapause, which could be useful for further understanding biochemical and physiological cross-talk, and develop target-specific technologies for the management of C. partellus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya K Tanwar
- Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India; Department of Zoology and Environmental Sciences, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Mukesh K Dhillon
- Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India.
| | - Fazil Hasan
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Noida International University, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Germplasm Evaluation Division, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi 110 012, India
| | - Jagbir S Kirti
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Sciences, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
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Vukašinović EL, Popović ŽD, Ninkov J, Čelić TV, Uzelac I, Kojić D, Purać J. Management of inorganic elements by overwintering physiology of cold hardy larvae of European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis, Hbn.). J Comp Physiol B 2024; 194:145-154. [PMID: 38478065 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-024-01537-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
The European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis, Hbn.), enters diapause, a strategy characterized by arrest of development and reproduction, reduction of metabolic rate and the emergence of increased resistance to challenging seasonal conditions as low sub-zero winter temperatures. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential role of inorganic elements in the ecophysiology of O. nubilalis, analysing their content in the whole body, hemolymph and fat body, both metabolically active, non-diapausing and overwintering diapausing larvae by ICP-OES spectrometer following the US EPA method 200.7:2001. O nubilalis as many phytophagous lepidopteran species maintain a very low extracellular sodium concentration and has potassium as dominant cation in hemolymph of their larvae. Changes in hemolymph and the whole body sodium content occur already at the onset of diapause (when the mean environmental temperatures are still high above 0 ºC) and remain stable during the time course of diapause when larvae of this species cope with sub-zero temperatures, it seems that sodium content regulation is rather a part of diapausing program than the direct effect of exposure to low temperatures. Compared to non-diapausing O. nubilalis larvae, potassium levels are much higher in the whole body and fat body of diapausing larvae and substantially increase approaching the end of diapause. The concentration of Ca, Mg, P and S differed in the whole body, hemolymph and fat body between non-diapausing and diapausing larvae without a unique trend during diapause, except an increase in their contents at the end of diapause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira L Vukašinović
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Željko D Popović
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jordana Ninkov
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Tatjana V Čelić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Iva Uzelac
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Danijela Kojić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jelena Purać
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
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Sau AK, Dhillon MK, Tanwar AK. Diapause-induced shift in the content of major carbohydrates in Chilo partellus (Swinhoe). JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART A, ECOLOGICAL AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 341:193-202. [PMID: 38149458 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Although several aspects like diapause determining factors, population structure, reproductive physiology, and genetics of diapause have been investigated, there is no clarity on carbohydrate energetics during larval diapause in Chilo partellus (Swinhoe). Present studies revealed significant variation between the nondiapausing and diapausing C. partellus for total carbohydrates, glycogen, sorbitol, and trehalose contents in different body parts, life stages, and for body parts × life stages interaction. Total carbohydrate content started declining, while sorbitol and trehalose increased in all the body parts as the C. partellus larvae progressed from prediapausing to diapausing state. However, glycogen content spiked in all the body parts at prediapausing stage, which then declined during diapause. Among the body parts, total carbohydrate content was significantly greater in the hemolymph as compared to other body parts of both larvae and pupae of C. partellus. Glycogen content was significantly greater in the larval fat bodies and pupal hemolymph as compared to their other body parts. In diapausing larvae, sorbitol and trehalose were greater in the integument than in other body parts. Furthermore, there was spike in trehalose and decrease in sorbitol in all the body parts of pupae from diapausing than those from nondiapausing larvae. These findings suggest that the diapause alterate and/or fluctuate major carbohydrates in different body parts of both larvae and pupae of C. partellus. This information will be helpful in better understanding the diapause energetics and overwintering metabolic cryoprotection in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok K Sau
- Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Mukesh K Dhillon
- Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Aditya K Tanwar
- Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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Tao YD, Liu Y, Wan XS, Xu J, Fu DY, Zhang JZ. High and Low Temperatures Differentially Affect Survival, Reproduction, and Gene Transcription in Male and Female Moths of Spodoptera frugiperda. INSECTS 2023; 14:958. [PMID: 38132631 PMCID: PMC10743771 DOI: 10.3390/insects14120958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we found that both heat and cold stresses significantly affected the survival and reproduction of both sexes in Spodoptera frugiperda adults, with larvae showing relatively higher extreme temperature tolerance. Further transcriptomic analysis in adults found remarkable differences and similarities between sexes in terms of temperature stress responses. Metabolism-related processes were suppressed in heat stressed females, which did not occur to the same extend in males. Moreover, both heat and cold stress reduced immune activities in both sexes. Heat stress induced the upregulation of many heat shock proteins in both sexes, whereas the response to cold stress was insignificant. More cold tolerance-related genes, such as cuticle proteins, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, and facilitated trehalose transporter Tret1, were found upregulated in males, whereas most of these genes were downregulated in females. Moreover, a large number of fatty acid-related genes, such as fatty acid synthases and desaturases, were differentially expressed under heat and cold stresses in both sexes. Heat stress in females induced the upregulation of a large number of zinc finger proteins and reproduction-related genes; whereas cold stress induced downregulation in genes linked to reproduction. In addition, TRPA1-like encoding genes (which have functions involved in detecting temperature changes) and sex peptide receptor-like genes were found to be differentially expressed in stressed moths. These results indicate sex-specific heat and cold stress responses and adaptive mechanisms and suggest sex-specific trade-offs between stress-resistant progresses and fundamental metabolic processes as well as between survival and reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Dong Tao
- Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control in Yunnan Province, Faculty of Biodiversity Conservation, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (Y.-D.T.); (D.-Y.F.)
| | - Yu Liu
- Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control in Yunnan Province, Faculty of Biodiversity Conservation, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (Y.-D.T.); (D.-Y.F.)
| | - Xiao-Shuang Wan
- Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control in Yunnan Province, Faculty of Biodiversity Conservation, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (Y.-D.T.); (D.-Y.F.)
| | - Jin Xu
- Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control in Yunnan Province, Faculty of Biodiversity Conservation, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (Y.-D.T.); (D.-Y.F.)
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Wetland Conservation, Restoration and Ecological Services, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Da-Ying Fu
- Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control in Yunnan Province, Faculty of Biodiversity Conservation, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (Y.-D.T.); (D.-Y.F.)
| | - Jun-Zhong Zhang
- Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control in Yunnan Province, Faculty of Biodiversity Conservation, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (Y.-D.T.); (D.-Y.F.)
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Winkiel MJ, Chowański S, Gołębiowski M, Bufo SA, Słocińska M. Solanaceae Glycoalkaloids Disturb Lipid Metabolism in the Tenebrio molitor Beetle. Metabolites 2023; 13:1179. [PMID: 38132861 PMCID: PMC10744845 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13121179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycoalkaloids (GAs) are produced naturally by plants and affect insect survivability and fertility. These compounds can be considered potential bioinsecticides; however, the mechanisms and effects of their action remain undiscovered. As lipids are essential molecules for the proper functioning of an insect organism, this research aimed to determine the effects of GAs on the lipid metabolism of the Tenebrio molitor beetle. Solanine, chaconine, tomatine, and tomato leaf extract were applied to larvae by injection at two concentrations, 10-8 and 10-5 M. Then, the tissue was isolated after 2 and 24 h to determine the levels of free fatty acids, sterols and esters using the GC-MS technique. Moreover, the triacylglyceride level and the activity of the key β-oxidation enzyme, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HADH), were measured. The results indicate that GAs affect the content and composition of lipid compounds in the beetles' haemolymph and fat body. The effects depend on the GA concentrations, incubation time, and kind of tissue. Moreover, the tested compounds decrease HADH activity, especially in the fat body, which may affect energy production. To our knowledge, this is the first study concerning lipid metabolism in T. molitor after GA application. Our results provide some insights into that topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Joanna Winkiel
- Department of Animal Physiology and Developmental Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (S.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Szymon Chowański
- Department of Animal Physiology and Developmental Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (S.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Marek Gołębiowski
- Laboratory of Analysis of Natural Compounds, Department of Environmental Analytics, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Sabino Aurelio Bufo
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy;
- Department of Geography, Environmental Management and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park Kingsway Campus, Johannesburg 2092, South Africa
| | - Małgorzata Słocińska
- Department of Animal Physiology and Developmental Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (S.C.); (M.S.)
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Chen YH, Jiang T, Yasen A, Fan BY, Zhu J, Wang MX, Shen XJ. RNA N6-methyladenosine of DHAPAT and PAP involves in regulation of diapause of Bombyx mori via the lipid metabolism pathway. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2023; 113:665-675. [PMID: 37555240 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485323000330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Environment-induced epigenetics are involved in diapause regulation, but the molecular mechanism that epigenetically couples nutrient metabolism to diapause regulation remains unclear. In this study, we paid special attention to the significant differences in the level of N6-adenosine methylation (m6A) of dihydroxyacetone phosphate acyltransferase (DHAPAT) and phosphatidate phosphatase (PAP) genes in the lipid metabolism pathway of the bivoltine silkworm (Bombyx mori) strain Qiufeng developed from eggs incubated at a normal temperature (QFHT, diapause egg producer) compared to those from eggs incubated at a low temperature (QFLT, non-diapause egg producer). We knocked down DHAPAT in the pupal stage of the QFLT group, resulting in the non-diapause destined eggs becoming diapausing eggs. In the PAP knockdown group, the colour of the non-diapause destined eggs changed from light yellow to pink 3 days after oviposition, but they hatched as normal. Moreover, we validated that YTHDF3 binds to m6A-modified DHAPAT and PAP mRNAs to promote their stability and translation. These results suggest that RNA m6A methylation participates in the diapause regulation of silkworm by changing the expression levels of DHAPAT and PAP and reveal that m6A epigenetic modification can be combined with a lipid metabolism signal pathway to participate in the regulation of insect diapause traits, which provides a clearer image for exploring the physiological basis of insect diapause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Hua Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericulture Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Silkworm Egg Institute of Jiangsu Province, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, China
| | - Ayinuer Yasen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericulture Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, China
| | - Bing-Yan Fan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericulture Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, China
| | - Juan Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericulture Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, China
| | - Mei-Xian Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericulture Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, China
| | - Xing-Jia Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericulture Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, China
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Avramov M, Schád É, Révész Á, Turiák L, Uzelac I, Tantos Á, Drahos L, Popović ŽD. Identification of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins and Regions in a Non-Model Insect Species Ostrinia nubilalis (Hbn.). Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12040592. [PMID: 35454181 PMCID: PMC9029825 DOI: 10.3390/biom12040592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Research in previous decades has shown that intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and regions in proteins (IDRs) are as ubiquitous as highly ordered proteins. Despite this, research on IDPs and IDRs still has many gaps left to fill. Here, we present an approach that combines wet lab methods with bioinformatics tools to identify and analyze intrinsically disordered proteins in a non-model insect species that is cold-hardy. Due to their known resilience to the effects of extreme temperatures, these proteins likely play important roles in this insect's adaptive mechanisms to sub-zero temperatures. The approach involves IDP enrichment by sample heating and double-digestion of proteins, followed by peptide and protein identification. Next, proteins are bioinformatically analyzed for disorder content, presence of long disordered regions, amino acid composition, and processes they are involved in. Finally, IDP detection is validated with an in-house 2D PAGE. In total, 608 unique proteins were identified, with 39 being mostly disordered, 100 partially disordered, 95 nearly ordered, and 374 ordered. One-third contain at least one long disordered segment. Functional information was available for only 90 proteins with intrinsic disorders out of 312 characterized proteins. Around half of the 90 proteins are cytoskeletal elements or involved in translational processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miloš Avramov
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (M.A.); (I.U.)
| | - Éva Schád
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (É.S.); (Á.T.)
| | - Ágnes Révész
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (Á.R.); (L.T.); (L.D.)
| | - Lilla Turiák
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (Á.R.); (L.T.); (L.D.)
| | - Iva Uzelac
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (M.A.); (I.U.)
| | - Ágnes Tantos
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (É.S.); (Á.T.)
| | - László Drahos
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (Á.R.); (L.T.); (L.D.)
| | - Željko D. Popović
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (M.A.); (I.U.)
- Correspondence:
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Huang Q, Ma Q, Li F, Zhu-Salzman K, Cheng W. Metabolomics Reveals Changes in Metabolite Profiles among Pre-Diapause, Diapause and Post-Diapause Larvae of Sitodiplosis mosellana (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13040339. [PMID: 35447781 PMCID: PMC9032936 DOI: 10.3390/insects13040339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Diapause is a programmed developmental arrest coupled with an evident reduction in metabolic rate and a dramatic increase in stress tolerance. Sitodiplosis mosellana, a periodic but devastating wheat pest, spends the hot summer and cold winter as diapausing larvae. However, little is known about the metabolic changes underlying this obligatory diapause. The objective of this study was to identify significantly altered metabolites and pathways in diapausing S. mosellana at stages of pre-diapause, diapause, post-diapause quiescence and post-diapause development using gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry and the orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis. Pairwise comparisons of the four groups showed that 54 metabolites significantly changed. Of which, 37 decreased in response to diapause, including four TCA cycle intermediates and most amino acids, whereas 12 increased. Three metabolites were significantly higher in the cold quiescence stage than in other stages. The elevated metabolites included the well-known cryoprotectants trehalose, glycerol, proline and alanine. In conclusion, the low metabolic rate and cold tolerance S. mosellana displayed during diapause may be closely correlated with its reduced TCA cycle activity or/and the increased biosynthesis of cryoprotectants. The results have contributed to our understanding of the biochemical mechanism underlying diapause and the related stress tolerance in this key pest. Abstract Sitodiplosis mosellana, a notorious pest of wheat worldwide, copes with temperature extremes during harsh summers and winters by entering obligatory diapause as larvae. However, the metabolic adaptive mechanism underlying this process is largely unknown. In this study, we performed a comparative metabolomics analysis on S. mosellana larvae at four programmed developmental stages, i.e., pre-diapause, diapause, low temperature quiescence and post-diapause development. In total, we identified 54 differential metabolites based on pairwise comparisons of the four groups. Of these metabolites, 37 decreased in response to diapause, including 4 TCA cycle intermediates (malic acid, citric acid, fumaric acid, α-ketoglutaric acid), 2 saturated fatty acids (palmitic acid, stearic acid) and most amino acids. In contrast, nine metabolites, including trehalose, glycerol, mannitol, proline, alanine, oleic acid and linoleic acid were significantly higher in both the diapause and quiescent stages than the other two stages. In addition to two of them (trehalose, proline), glutamine was also significantly highest in the cold quiescence stage. These elevated metabolites could function as cryoprotectants and/or energy reserves. These findings suggest that the reduced TCA cycle activity and elevated biosynthesis of functional metabolites are most likely responsible for maintaining low metabolic activity and cold tolerance during diapause, which is crucial for the survival and post-diapause development of this pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qitong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources & Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (Q.H.); (Q.M.)
| | - Qian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources & Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (Q.H.); (Q.M.)
| | - Fangxiang Li
- Xi’an Agricultural Technology Extension Centre, Xi’an 710061, China;
| | - Keyan Zhu-Salzman
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Correspondence: (K.Z.-S.); (W.C.)
| | - Weining Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources & Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (Q.H.); (Q.M.)
- Correspondence: (K.Z.-S.); (W.C.)
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Popović ŽD, Maier V, Avramov M, Uzelac I, Gošić-Dondo S, Blagojević D, Koštál V. Acclimations to Cold and Warm Conditions Differently Affect the Energy Metabolism of Diapausing Larvae of the European Corn Borer Ostrinia nubilalis (Hbn.). Front Physiol 2021; 12:768593. [PMID: 34880780 PMCID: PMC8647814 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.768593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The European corn borer Ostrinia nubilalis is a pest species, whose fifth instar larvae gradually develop cold hardiness during diapause. The physiological changes underlying diapause progression and cold hardiness development are still insufficiently understood in insects. Here, we follow a complex of changes related to energy metabolism during cold acclimation (5°C) of diapausing larvae and compare this to warm-acclimated (22°C) and non-diapause controls. Capillary electrophoresis of nucleotides and coenzymes has shown that in gradually cold-acclimated groups concentrations of ATP/ADP and, consequently, energy charge slowly decrease during diapause, while the concentration of AMP increases, especially in the first months of diapause. Also, the activity of cytochrome c oxidase (COX), as well as the concentrations of NAD+ and GMP, decline in cold-acclimated groups, until the latter part of diapause, when they recover. Relative expression of NADH dehydrogenase (nd1), coenzyme Q-cytochrome c reductase (uqcr), COX, ATP synthase (atp), ADP/ATP translocase (ant), and prohibitin 2 (phb2) is supressed in cold-acclimated larvae during the first months of diapause and gradually increases toward the termination of diapause. Contrary to this, NADP+ and UMP levels significantly increased in the first few months of diapause, after gradual cold acclimation, which is in connection with the biosynthesis of cryoprotective molecules, as well as regeneration of small antioxidants. Our findings evidence the existence of a cold-induced energy-saving program that facilitates long-term maintenance of larval diapause, as well as gradual development of cold hardiness. In contrast, warm acclimation induced faster depletion of ATP, ADP, UMP, NAD+, and NADP+, as well as higher activity of COX and generally higher expression of all energy-related genes in comparison to cold-acclimated larvae. Moreover, such unusually high metabolic activity, driven by high temperatures, lead to premature mortality in the warm-acclimated group after 2 months of diapause. Thus, our findings strongly support the importance of low temperature exposure in early diapause for gradual cold hardiness acquisition, successful maintenance of the resting state and return to active development. Moreover, they demonstrate potentially adverse effects of global climate changes and subsequent increase in winter temperatures on cold-adapted terrestrial organisms in temperate and subpolar regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Željko D. Popović
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Vítězslav Maier
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Miloš Avramov
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Iva Uzelac
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | | | - Duško Blagojević
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimír Koštál
- Biology Centre, Institute of Entomology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, České Budějovice, Czechia
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10
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Twining CW, Bernhardt JR, Derry AM, Hudson CM, Ishikawa A, Kabeya N, Kainz MJ, Kitano J, Kowarik C, Ladd SN, Leal MC, Scharnweber K, Shipley JR, Matthews B. The evolutionary ecology of fatty-acid variation: Implications for consumer adaptation and diversification. Ecol Lett 2021; 24:1709-1731. [PMID: 34114320 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The nutritional diversity of resources can affect the adaptive evolution of consumer metabolism and consumer diversification. The omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3) have a high potential to affect consumer fitness, through their widespread effects on reproduction, growth and survival. However, few studies consider the evolution of fatty acid metabolism within an ecological context. In this review, we first document the extensive diversity in both primary producer and consumer fatty acid distributions amongst major ecosystems, between habitats and amongst species within habitats. We highlight some of the key nutritional contrasts that can shape behavioural and/or metabolic adaptation in consumers, discussing how consumers can evolve in response to the spatial, seasonal and community-level variation of resource quality. We propose a hierarchical trait-based approach for studying the evolution of consumers' metabolic networks and review the evolutionary genetic mechanisms underpinning consumer adaptation to EPA and DHA distributions. In doing so, we consider how the metabolic traits of consumers are hierarchically structured, from cell membrane function to maternal investment, and have strongly environment-dependent expression. Finally, we conclude with an outlook on how studying the metabolic adaptation of consumers within the context of nutritional landscapes can open up new opportunities for understanding evolutionary diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia W Twining
- Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Radolfzell, Germany.,Limnological Institute, University of Konstanz, Konstanz-Egg, Germany
| | - Joey R Bernhardt
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Alison M Derry
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Cameron M Hudson
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Eawag, Center of Ecology, Evolution and Biochemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Asano Ishikawa
- Ecological Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Naoki Kabeya
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology (TUMSAT, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Martin J Kainz
- WasserCluster Lunz-Inter-university Center for Aquatic Ecosystems Research, Lunz am See, Austria
| | - Jun Kitano
- Ecological Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Carmen Kowarik
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Nemiah Ladd
- Ecosystem Physiology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Miguel C Leal
- ECOMARE and CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Kristin Scharnweber
- Department of Ecology and Genetics; Limnology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,University of Potsdam, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Jeremy R Shipley
- Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Radolfzell, Germany.,Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Eawag, Center of Ecology, Evolution and Biochemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Blake Matthews
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Eawag, Center of Ecology, Evolution and Biochemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
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11
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Uzelac I, Avramov M, Čelić T, Vukašinović E, Gošić-Dondo S, Purać J, Kojić D, Blagojević D, Popović ŽD. Effect of Cold Acclimation on Selected Metabolic Enzymes During Diapause in The European Corn Borer Ostrinia nubilalis (Hbn.). Sci Rep 2020; 10:9085. [PMID: 32493946 PMCID: PMC7270089 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65926-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn., is a pest Lepidopteran species whose larvae overwinter by entering diapause, gradually becoming cold-hardy. To investigate metabolic changes during cold hardening, activities of four metabolic enzymes – citrate synthase (CS), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured in whole-body homogenates of pupae, non-diapausing and diapausing larvae acclimated to 5 °C, −3 °C and −16 °C. The highest CS activity was detected in non-diapausing larvae, reflecting active development, while the highest in vitro LDH activity was recorded in diapausing larvae at temperatures close to 0 °C, evidencing a metabolic switch towards anaerobic metabolism. However, in-gel LDH activity showed that production of pyruvate from lactate is triggered by sub-zero temperatures. The activities of both aminotransferases were highest in non-diapausing larvae. Our findings suggest that during diapause and cold hardening the aminotransferases catalyse production of L-alanine, an important cryoprotectant, and L-aspartate, which is closely tied to both transamination reactions and Krebs cycle. The results of this study indicate that, during diapause, the activity of metabolic enzymes is synchronized with exogenous factors, such as temperatures close to 0 °C. These findings support the notion that diapause is metabolically plastic and vibrant, rather than simply a passive, resting state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Uzelac
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Miloš Avramov
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Čelić
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Elvira Vukašinović
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Snežana Gošić-Dondo
- Maize Research Institute, Zemun Polje, Slobodana Bajića 1, 11185, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Purać
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Danijela Kojić
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Duško Blagojević
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Željko D Popović
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia.
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12
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Liu Z, Li Y, Pan L, Meng F, Zhang X. Cold adaptive potential of pine wood nematodes overwintering in plant hosts. Biol Open 2019; 8:bio.041616. [PMID: 31023716 PMCID: PMC6550080 DOI: 10.1242/bio.041616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The pine wood nematode (PWN; Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) is the causal agent of pine wilt disease, which results in severe ecological and economic losses in coniferous forests. During overwintering, PWNs undergo morphological and physiological changes to adapt to low temperature environments. Here, the physiological changes of the PWN populations sampled in the summer and winter were compared to analyze the role of low temperatures in their response. The PWN overwinters as third-stage dispersal juveniles, which showed significantly greater survival rates than summer populations (propagative forms) at sub-zero temperatures. The major biochemical compounds in the populations were analyzed by gas chromatography. Eight dominant fatty acids, with stearic acid being the most important, were identified from PWN propagative stage and third-stage dispersal stage. Compared with the propagative stage, the dispersal stage showed significant increases in the fatty acid content and the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids. Three carbohydrates, trehalose, glycerol and glucose, were detected in the PWN. Compared with the summer population, the levels of trehalose and glycerol increased significantly, while glucose decreased, in the winter population. The modifications in fatty acid composition and cryoprotectant levels, as elements of its changing physiology, play important roles in the overwintering success of the PWN. Summary: The modifications in fatty acid composition and cryoprotectant levels, as elements of its changing physiology, play important roles in the overwintering success of the pine wood nematode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenkai Liu
- Laboratory of Forestry Pathogen Integrated Biology, Research Institute of Forestry New Technology, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, People's Republic of China.,Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing Jiangsu, 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongxia Li
- Laboratory of Forestry Pathogen Integrated Biology, Research Institute of Forestry New Technology, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, People's Republic of China .,Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing Jiangsu, 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Pan
- Laboratory of Forestry Pathogen Integrated Biology, Research Institute of Forestry New Technology, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, People's Republic of China.,Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing Jiangsu, 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanli Meng
- Laboratory of Forestry Pathogen Integrated Biology, Research Institute of Forestry New Technology, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, People's Republic of China.,Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing Jiangsu, 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingyao Zhang
- Laboratory of Forestry Pathogen Integrated Biology, Research Institute of Forestry New Technology, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, People's Republic of China.,Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing Jiangsu, 210037, People's Republic of China
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13
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Jiang T, Chen Y, Tan Z, Li J, Qian P, Tang S, Shen X. Expression analysis and functional identification of several genes related to diapause in Bombyx mori. Dev Growth Differ 2019; 61:150-157. [PMID: 30656649 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Diapause is an important characteristic of insects used to adapt to extreme changes in environmental conditions. Embryonic diapause of the bivoltine silkworm (Bombyx mori) is determined by environmental conditions experienced by the mother while in the embryo stage. If they are incubated at 25°C with natural light, their progenies will be diapause-destined. If they are incubated at 17°C in darkness, their progenies will be non-diapause-destined. The molecular mechanism of diapause remains unknown. In the present study, we analyzed two downregulated genes (BGIBMGA003835, BGIBMGA012335) and two upregulated genes (BGIBMG012996, BGIBMG002426) related to carbohydrate metabolism, verified differentially expressed in ovaries and heads of 1-day-old fifth-instar larvae to 6-day pupae by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). In line with published data, the expression level of these genes in larvae were generally lower than in pupae. We further analyzed the expression levels of the four genes in BmN cells that had been treated with various concentrations of diapause hormone (DH). It demonstrated that the expression of these genes was affected by DH. Knockdown of the selected genes in non-diapause-destined female pupae changed the fate of the progeny from non-diapause- to daipause-destined, as seen by the appearance of diapause eggs. Our study provides insight into the molecular mechanism of diapause in B. mori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericutural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanhua Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericutural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhichen Tan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericutural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiashuang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericutural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ping Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericutural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shunming Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericutural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xingjia Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericutural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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14
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Wang Z, Chen Y, Diaz R, Laine RA. Physiology of crapemyrtle bark scale, Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae (Kuwana), associated with seasonally altered cold tolerance. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 112:1-8. [PMID: 30445022 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Temperature is one of the most important abiotic factors influencing the adaptation and diversification of insects. Diverse and complex physiological mechanisms have evolved to help insects adapt to seasonal changes in temperature and prevent cold injury. Although the mechanisms of seasonal adaptation to low temperatures have been studied for insects in different taxa, none of these mechanisms have been investigated in scale insects in the superfamily Coccoidea. The crapemyrtle bark scale, Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae (Kuwana) (Hemiptera: Eriococcidae), is a newly introduced scale pest of crapemyrtles, Lagerstroemia spp. (Myrtales: Lythraceae). Our previous study concerning the cold tolerance of this pest suggested that, from summer to winter, A. lagerstroemiae seasonally adapted to lower temperature with a 5 °C reduction of supercooling points. In addition, time required to achieve the same levels of mortality at lower temperatures also increased. In this study, we used A. lagerstroemiae as a model system to investigate the physiological mechanisms correlated with changes in cold tolerance in scale insects, by measuring water content, lipid content and fatty acid composition, and cryoprotective polyols and sugars every other month. Results suggested that water content was lower in winter and early spring than in summer and early fall (40.8% vs. 63.3%). The proportions of the fatty acids in PL were similar over seasons, but in TAG, shorter chain fatty acids (from C6:0 to C10:0) increased in winter as longer chain fatty acids (from C14:0 to C18:0) decreased. Among all measured polyols and sugars, including glycerol, d-mannitol, myo-inositol, and d-trehalose, the levels of d-mannitol were the highest in January 2016, which were 19-times of those in March 2016 and 4.5-times of those in September 2016. Results from this study provide a better understanding on how A. lagerstroemiae overwinters, which may give insights into the overwintering strategies of other scale insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zinan Wang
- Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
| | - Yan Chen
- Hammond Research Station, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Hammond, LA 70403, USA
| | - Rodrigo Diaz
- Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
| | - Roger A Laine
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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15
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Brankatschk M, Gutmann T, Knittelfelder O, Palladini A, Prince E, Grzybek M, Brankatschk B, Shevchenko A, Coskun Ü, Eaton S. A Temperature-Dependent Switch in Feeding Preference Improves Drosophila Development and Survival in the Cold. Dev Cell 2018; 46:781-793.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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16
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Kojić D, Popović ŽD, Orčić D, Purać J, Orčić S, Vukašinović EL, Nikolić TV, Blagojević DP. The influence of low temperature and diapause phase on sugar and polyol content in the European corn borer Ostrinia nubilalis (Hbn.). JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 109:107-113. [PMID: 30030123 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The European corn borer (ECB, Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn.) is a major pest in temperate regions of Europe and North America. Fifth instar ECB larvae enter diapause before winter and gradually develop cold hardiness. Here we investigated the combined influence of diapause phase and low temperature on sugar and polyol content in ECB larvae. Larvae in mid-diapause or diapause termination were acclimated at 5 °C, -3°C or -16 °C, and sugar and polyol content was measured using GC-MS. Control GC-MS measurements were conducted on untreated non-diapausing larvae. We detected differences in polyol (glycerol, sorbitol, myo-inositol) and sugar (trehalose, fructose, glucose) levels in diapausing versus non-diapausing larvae. Glycerol and trehalose were the most abundant of all analyzed cryoprotective compounds in diapausing larvae. Exposure of diapausing larvae to decreasing temperatures induced changes in polyol and sugar levels that depended on the phase of diapause. In mid-diapause larvae, decreasing temperatures induced a significant increase in glycerol and a decrease in sorbitol and myo-inositol. In larvae at diapause termination, polyol content was lower and less influenced by decreasing temperatures. In contrast, sugar levels were lower in larvae at mid-diapause versus diapause termination. Exposure of larvae to -16 °C induced a significant increase in the levels of all detected sugars. In particular, glucose levels were significantly higher in larvae at diapause termination following exposure to -16 °C. We propose that this shift toward sugar synthesis following low temperature exposure in larvae at diapause termination is a consequence of NADPH dependent polyol synthesis, and may be a mechanism for preservation of carbon reserves needed for post-diapause development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danijela Kojić
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Željko D Popović
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Dejan Orčić
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jelena Purać
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Snežana Orčić
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Elvira L Vukašinović
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Tatjana V Nikolić
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Duško P Blagojević
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research, Department of Physiology, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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17
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Coates BS, Dopman EB, Wanner KW, Sappington TW. Genomic mechanisms of sympatric ecological and sexual divergence in a model agricultural pest, the European corn borer. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2018; 26:50-56. [PMID: 29764660 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis, is a model species for elucidating mechanisms underlying adaptively differentiated subpopulations in the face of reciprocal gene flow, and is a major pest of cultivated maize in North America and Eurasia. Strains are characterized by different pheromone communication systems in combination with voltinism strains that are adapted to distinct local climate and photoperiod through adjustments in diapause traits. However, only partial barriers to inter-strain hybridization exist in areas of sympatry. Recent research shows that genes governing important strain-specific isolating traits are disproportionately located on the Z-chromosome. Furthermore, co-adapted combinations of some of these genes are non-recombining due to location within a large chromosomal inversion, and assist in maintaining strain integrity despite hybridization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad S Coates
- USDA-ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genetics Research Unit, Ames, IA, United States.
| | - Erik B Dopman
- Tufts University, Department of Biology, Medford, MA, United States
| | - Kevin W Wanner
- Montana State University, Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - Thomas W Sappington
- USDA-ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genetics Research Unit, Ames, IA, United States
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18
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Temperature adaptation of lipids in diapausing Ostrinia nubilalis: an experimental study to distinguish environmental versus endogenous controls. J Comp Physiol B 2017; 188:27-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s00360-017-1110-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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19
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Purać J, Kojić D, Petri E, Popović ŽD, Grubor-Lajšić G, Blagojević DP. Cold Adaptation Responses in Insects and Other Arthropods: An “Omics” Approach. SHORT VIEWS ON INSECT GENOMICS AND PROTEOMICS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-24244-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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20
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Park Y, Kumar S, Kanumuri R, Stanley D, Kim Y. A novel calcium-independent cellular PLA2 acts in insect immunity and larval growth. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 66:13-23. [PMID: 26429672 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) catalyzes the position-specific hydrolysis of fatty acids linked to the sn-2 position of phospholipids (PLs). PLA2s make up a very large superfamily, with more than known 15 groups, classified into secretory PLA2 (sPLA2), Ca(2+)-dependent cellular PLA2 (sPLA2) and Ca(2+)-independent cellular PLA2 (iPLA2). Only a few insect sPLA2s, expressed in venom glands and immune tissues, have been characterized at the molecular level. This study aimed to test our hypothesis that insects express iPLA2, using the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, our model insect. Substantial PLA2 activities under calcium-free condition were recorded in several larval tissue preparations. The PLA2 activity was significantly reduced in reactions conducted in the presence of a specific iPLA2 inhibitor, bromoenol lactone (BEL). Analysis of a S. exigua hemocyte transcriptome identified a candidate iPLA2 gene (SeiPLA2-A). The open reading frame encoded 816 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular weight of 90.5 kDa and 6.15 pI value. Our phylogenetic analysis clustered SeiPLA2-A with the other vertebrate iPLA2s. SeiPLA2-A was expressed in all tissues we examined, including hemocytes, fat body, midgut, salivary glands, Malpighian tubules and epidermis. Heterologous expression in Sf9 cells indicated that SeiPLA2-A was localized in cytoplasm and exhibited significant PLA2 activity, which was independent of Ca(2+) and inhibited by BEL. RNA interference (RNAi) of SeiPLA2-A using its specific dsRNA in the fifth instar larvae significantly suppressed iPLA2 expression and enzyme activity. dsSeiPLA2-A-treated larvae exhibited significant loss of cellular immune response, measured as nodule formation in response to bacterial challenge, and extended larval-to-pupal developmental time. These results support our hypothesis, showing that SeiPLA2-A predicted from the transcriptome analysis catalyzes hydrolysis of fatty acids from cellular PLs and plays crucial physiological roles in insect immunity and larval growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngjin Park
- Department of Bioresource Sciences, Andong National University, Andong 760-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Bioresource Sciences, Andong National University, Andong 760-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Rahul Kanumuri
- Department of Bioresource Sciences, Andong National University, Andong 760-749, Republic of Korea
| | - David Stanley
- Biological Control of Insects Research Laboratory, USDA/Agricultural Research Service, 1503 Providence Rd., Columbia, MO 65203, USA
| | - Yonggyun Kim
- Department of Bioresource Sciences, Andong National University, Andong 760-749, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Expression of stress-related genes in diapause of European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn.). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 186:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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