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Genome-wide identification of the NHE gene family in Coilia nasus and its response to salinity challenge and ammonia stress. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:526. [PMID: 35858854 PMCID: PMC9297642 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08761-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In aquatic environments, pH, salinity, and ammonia concentration are extremely important for aquatic animals. NHE is a two-way ion exchange carrier protein, which can transport Na+ into cells and exchange out H+, and also plays key roles in regulating intracellular pH, osmotic pressure, and ammonia concentration. Results In the present study, ten NHEs, the entire NHE gene family, were identified from Coilia nasus genome and systemically analyzed via phylogenetic, structural, and synteny analysis. Different expression patterns of C. nasus NHEs in multiple tissues indicated that expression profiles of NHE genes displayed tissue-specific. Expression patterns of C. nasus NHEs were related to ammonia excretion during multiple embryonic development stages. To explore the potential functions on salinity challenge and ammonia stress, expression levels of ten NHEs were detected in C. nasus gills under hypotonic stress, hypertonic stress, and ammonia stress. Expression levels of all NHEs were upregulated during hypotonic stress, while they were downregulated during hypertonic stress. NHE2 and NHE3 displayed higher expression levels in C. nasus larvae and juvenile gills under ammonia stress. Conclusions Our study revealed that NHE genes played distinct roles in embryonic development, salinity stress, and ammonia exposure. Syntenic analysis showed significant difference between stenohaline fish and euryhaline fishes. Our findings will provide insight into effects of C. nasus NHE gene family on ion transport and ammonia tolerance and be beneficial for healthy aquaculture of C. nasus. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08761-9.
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Acute Stress in Lesser-Spotted Catshark (Scyliorhinus canicula Linnaeus, 1758) Promotes Amino Acid Catabolism and Osmoregulatory Imbalances. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12091192. [PMID: 35565621 PMCID: PMC9105869 DOI: 10.3390/ani12091192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In catsharks (Scyliorhinus canicula), air exposure induces amino acid catabolism altogether with osmoregulatory imbalances. This study describes a novel NHE isoform being expressed in gills that may be involved in ammonium excretion. Abstract Acute-stress situations in vertebrates induce a series of physiological responses to cope with the event. While common secondary stress responses include increased catabolism and osmoregulatory imbalances, specific processes depend on the taxa. In this sense, these processes are still largely unknown in ancient vertebrates such as marine elasmobranchs. Thus, we challenged the lesser spotted catshark (Scyliorhinus canicula) to 18 min of air exposure, and monitored their recovery after 0, 5, and 24 h. This study describes amino acid turnover in the liver, white muscle, gills, and rectal gland, and plasma parameters related to energy metabolism and osmoregulatory imbalances. Catsharks rely on white muscle amino acid catabolism to face the energy demand imposed by the stressor, producing NH4+. While some plasma ions (K+, Cl− and Ca2+) increased in concentration after 18 min of air exposure, returning to basal values after 5 h of recovery, Na+ increased after just 5 h of recovery, coinciding with a decrease in plasma NH4+. These changes were accompanied by increased activity of a branchial amiloride-sensitive ATPase. Therefore, we hypothesize that this enzyme may be a Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE) related to NH4+ excretion. The action of an omeprazole-sensitive ATPase, putatively associated to a H+/K+-ATPase (HKA), is also affected by these allostatic processes. Some complementary experiments were carried out to delve a little deeper into the possible branchial enzymes sensitive to amiloride, including in vivo and ex vivo approaches, and partial sequencing of a nhe1 in the gills. This study describes the possible presence of an HKA enzyme in the rectal gland, as well as a NHE in the gills, highlighting the importance of understanding the relationship between acute stress and osmoregulation in elasmobranchs.
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Li X, Buckley B, Stoletov K, Jing Y, Ranson M, Lewis JD, Kelso M, Fliegel L. Roles of the Na +/H + Exchanger Isoform 1 and Urokinase in Prostate Cancer Cell Migration and Invasion. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413263. [PMID: 34948058 PMCID: PMC8705693 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a leading cause of cancer-associated deaths in men over 60 years of age. Most patients are killed by tumor metastasis. Recent evidence has implicated a role of the tumor microenvironment and urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) in cancer cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. Here, we examine the role of the Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 1 (NHE1) and uPA in DU 145 prostate cancer cell migration and colony formation. Knockout of NHE1 reduced cell migration. The effects of a series of novel NHE1/uPA hexamethylene-amiloride-based inhibitors with varying efficacy towards NHE1 and uPA were examined on prostate cancer cells. Inhibition of NHE1-alone, or with inhibitors combining NHE1 or uPA inhibition-generally did not prevent prostate cancer cell migration. However, uPA inhibition-but not NHE1 inhibition-prevented anchorage-dependent colony formation. Application of inhibitors at concentrations that only saturate uPA inhibition decreased tumor invasion in vivo. The results suggest that while knockout of NHE1 affects cell migration, these effects are not due to NHE1-dependent proton translocation. Additionally, while neither NHE1 nor uPA activity was critical in cell migration, only uPA activity appeared to be critical in anchorage-dependent colony formation of DU 145 prostate cancer cells and invasion in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuju Li
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada; (X.L.); (Y.J.)
| | - Benjamin Buckley
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (B.B.); (M.R.); (M.K.)
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Konstantin Stoletov
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada; (K.S.); (J.D.L.)
| | - Yang Jing
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada; (X.L.); (Y.J.)
| | - Marie Ranson
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (B.B.); (M.R.); (M.K.)
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - John D. Lewis
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada; (K.S.); (J.D.L.)
| | - Mike Kelso
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (B.B.); (M.R.); (M.K.)
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Larry Fliegel
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada; (X.L.); (Y.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-780-492-1848
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Buckley BJ, Kumar A, Aboelela A, Bujaroski RS, Li X, Majed H, Fliegel L, Ranson M, Kelso MJ. Screening of 5- and 6-Substituted Amiloride Libraries Identifies Dual-uPA/NHE1 Active and Single Target-Selective Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062999. [PMID: 33804289 PMCID: PMC8000185 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The K+-sparing diuretic amiloride shows off-target anti-cancer effects in multiple rodent models. These effects arise from the inhibition of two distinct cancer targets: the trypsin-like serine protease urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), a cell-surface mediator of matrix degradation and tumor cell invasiveness, and the sodium-hydrogen exchanger isoform-1 (NHE1), a central regulator of transmembrane pH that supports carcinogenic progression. In this study, we co-screened our library of 5- and 6-substituted amilorides against these two targets, aiming to identify single-target selective and dual-targeting inhibitors for use as complementary pharmacological probes. Closely related analogs substituted at the 6-position with pyrimidines were identified as dual-targeting (pyrimidine 24 uPA IC50 = 175 nM, NHE1 IC50 = 266 nM, uPA selectivity ratio = 1.5) and uPA-selective (methoxypyrimidine 26 uPA IC50 = 86 nM, NHE1 IC50 = 12,290 nM, uPA selectivity ratio = 143) inhibitors, while high NHE1 potency and selectivity was seen with 5-morpholino (29 NHE1 IC50 = 129 nM, uPA IC50 = 10,949 nM; NHE1 selectivity ratio = 85) and 5-(1,4-oxazepine) (30 NHE1 IC50 = 85 nM, uPA IC50 = 5715 nM; NHE1 selectivity ratio = 67) analogs. Together, these amilorides comprise a new toolkit of chemotype-matched, non-cytotoxic probes for dissecting the pharmacological effects of selective uPA and NHE1 inhibition versus dual-uPA/NHE1 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J. Buckley
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (A.K.); (A.A.); (R.S.B.); (H.M.); (M.R.)
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- CONCERT-Translational Cancer Research Centre, Sydney, NSW 2750, Australia
- Correspondence: (B.J.B.); (M.J.K.); Tel.: +61-2-4221-5085 (M.J.K.)
| | - Ashna Kumar
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (A.K.); (A.A.); (R.S.B.); (H.M.); (M.R.)
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Ashraf Aboelela
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (A.K.); (A.A.); (R.S.B.); (H.M.); (M.R.)
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Richard S. Bujaroski
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (A.K.); (A.A.); (R.S.B.); (H.M.); (M.R.)
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Xiuju Li
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada; (X.L.); (L.F.)
| | - Hiwa Majed
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (A.K.); (A.A.); (R.S.B.); (H.M.); (M.R.)
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Larry Fliegel
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada; (X.L.); (L.F.)
| | - Marie Ranson
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (A.K.); (A.A.); (R.S.B.); (H.M.); (M.R.)
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- CONCERT-Translational Cancer Research Centre, Sydney, NSW 2750, Australia
| | - Michael J. Kelso
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (A.K.); (A.A.); (R.S.B.); (H.M.); (M.R.)
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Correspondence: (B.J.B.); (M.J.K.); Tel.: +61-2-4221-5085 (M.J.K.)
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Blair S, Li X, Dutta D, Chamot D, Fliegel L, Goss G. Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) Na +/H + Exchangers tNhe3a and tNhe3b Display Unique Inhibitory Profiles Dissimilar from Mammalian NHE Isoforms. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042205. [PMID: 33672216 PMCID: PMC7926675 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Freshwater fishes maintain an internal osmolality of ~300 mOsm, while living in dilute environments ranging from 0 to 50 mOsm. This osmotic challenge is met at least partially, by Na+/H+ exchangers (NHE) of fish gill and kidney. In this study, we cloned, expressed, and pharmacologically characterized fish-specific Nhes of the commercially important species Oncorhynchus mykiss. Trout (t) Nhe3a and Nhe3b isoforms from gill and kidney were expressed and characterized in an NHE-deficient cell line. Western blotting and immunocytochemistry confirmed stable expression of the tagged trout tNhe proteins. To measure NHE activity, a transient acid load was induced in trout tNhe expressing cells and intracellular pH was measured. Both isoforms demonstrated significant activity and recovered from an acute acid load. The effect of the NHE transport inhibitors amiloride, EIPA (5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl)-amiloride), phenamil, and DAPI was examined. tNhe3a was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by amiloride and EIPA and tNhe3a was more sensitive to amiloride than EIPA, unlike mammalian NHE1. tNhe3b was inhibited by high concentrations of amiloride, while even in the presence of high concentrations of EIPA (500 µM), some activity of tNhe3b remained. Phenamil and DAPI were ineffective at inhibiting tNhe activity of either isoform. The current study aids in understanding the pharmacology of fish ion transporters. Both isoforms display inhibitory profiles uniquely different from mammalian NHEs and show resistance to inhibition. Our study allows for more direct interpretation of past, present, and future fish-specific sodium transport studies, with less reliance on mammalian NHE data for interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Blair
- Department of Biology, Winthrop University, Rock Hill, SC 29733, USA;
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada;
| | - Xiuju Li
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada; (X.L.); (D.D.); (L.F.)
| | - Debajyoti Dutta
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada; (X.L.); (D.D.); (L.F.)
| | - Danuta Chamot
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada;
| | - Larry Fliegel
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada; (X.L.); (D.D.); (L.F.)
| | - Greg Goss
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-780-492-1276; Fax: +1-780-492-9234
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Liu Y, Wen H, Qi X, Zhang X, Zhang K, Fan H, Tian Y, Hu Y, Li Y. Genome-wide identification of the Na+/H+ exchanger gene family in Lateolabrax maculatus and its involvement in salinity regulation. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2019; 29:286-298. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Brauner CJ, Shartau RB, Damsgaard C, Esbaugh AJ, Wilson RW, Grosell M. Acid-base physiology and CO2 homeostasis: Regulation and compensation in response to elevated environmental CO2. FISH PHYSIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.fp.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Allmon EB, Esbaugh AJ. Carbon dioxide induced plasticity of branchial acid-base pathways in an estuarine teleost. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45680. [PMID: 28378831 PMCID: PMC5381225 DOI: 10.1038/srep45680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic CO2 is expected to drive ocean pCO2 above 1,000 μatm by 2100 – inducing respiratory acidosis in fish that must be corrected through branchial ion transport. This study examined the time course and plasticity of branchial metabolic compensation in response to varying levels of CO2 in an estuarine fish, the red drum, which regularly encounters elevated CO2 and may therefore have intrinsic resilience. Under control conditions fish exhibited net base excretion; however, CO2 exposure resulted in a dose dependent increase in acid excretion during the initial 2 h. This returned to baseline levels during the second 2 h interval for exposures up to 5,000 μatm, but remained elevated for exposures above 15,000 μatm. Plasticity was assessed via gene expression in three CO2 treatments: environmentally realistic 1,000 and 6,000 μatm exposures, and a proof-of-principle 30,000 μatm exposure. Few differences were observed at 1,000 or 6,000 μatm; however, 30,000 μatm stimulated widespread up-regulation. Translocation of V-type ATPase after 1 h of exposure to 30,000 μatm was also assessed; however, no evidence of translocation was found. These results indicate that red drum can quickly compensate to environmentally relevant acid-base disturbances using baseline cellular machinery, yet are capable of plasticity in response to extreme acid-base challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth B Allmon
- University of Texas at Austin, University of Texas Marine Science Institute, Port Aransas, TX 78373, USA
| | - Andrew J Esbaugh
- University of Texas at Austin, University of Texas Marine Science Institute, Port Aransas, TX 78373, USA
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