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Lu ZJ, Xie YX, Yu HZ, Toufeeq S, Wang J, Huang YL, Li NY, Ouyang ZG. Identification and functional analysis of an iron-binding protein, ferritin heavy chain subunit, from the swallowtail butterfly, Papilio xuthus. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 102:e21592. [PMID: 31276235 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ferritin, which is ubiquitous among all living organisms, plays a crucial role in maintaining iron homeostasis, immune response, and detoxification. In the present research, we identified an iron-binding protein, ferritin heavy chain subunit, from Papilio xuthus and named PxFerHCH. The complete complementary DNA of PxFerHCH was 1,252 bp encoding a sequence of 211 amino acids, which includes an iron-responsive element. Phylogenetic analysis showed that PxFerHCH is clustered with Manduca sexta and Galleria mellonella ferritin heavy chain subunits. Expression levels of PxFerHCH in various tissues were analyzed by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and the results exhibited that PxFerHCH was expressed in all tissues with the highest expression in the fat body. The relative expression level of PxFerHCH in response to bacterial (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus) challenges sharply increased by about 12 hr postinfection (hpi) and then decreased at 24 hpi. In addition, the iron-binding capacity and antioxidation activity of recombinant PxFerHCH protein were also investigated. These results reveal that PxFerHCH might play an important role in defense against bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan-Jun Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Xin Xie
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Zhong Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shahzad Toufeeq
- College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Wang
- College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Ling Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning-Yan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Gang Ouyang
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, People's Republic of China
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Hong SM, Mon H, Lee JM, Kusakabe T. Characterization and recombinant protein expression of ferritin light chain homologue in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. INSECT SCIENCE 2014; 21:135-146. [PMID: 23956199 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The silkworm genome encodes three iron storage proteins or ferritins, Fer1HCH, Fer2LCH, and Fer3HCH. Probing our EST library constructed from 1-day-old silkworm eggs revealed only Fer2LCH mRNA, which encoded for a protein with a predicted putative N-glycosylation site. Developmental and tissue expression analyses during embryogenesis revealed that Fer2LCH mRNA was abundant from 6 h to 6 days after oviposition. Transcriptional expression of Fer2LCH during the postembryonic stage is also high in the larval fat body and mid-gut, and then is upregulated in all pupal tissues tested. We found that Fer2LCH mRNA contains an iron-responsive element, suggesting this ferritin subunit is subject to translational control. Although ferritin expression has been shown to increase following immune challenge in other insects, the levels of Fer2LCH mRNA were not significantly induced following viral or bacterial infection of Bombyx mori. Using a baculovirus expression system we expressed recombinant BmFer2LCH protein, which was detectable in the cytoplasmic fraction, likely in a compartment of the secretory pathway, and was shown to undergo posttranslational modifications including N-glycosylation. In particular, rBmFer2LCH carbohydrate chains were composed of mannose and GlcNAc. We suggest that Fer2LCH is important for iron homeostasis and maintaining normal organ function in silkworms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Mee Hong
- Department of Research and Development, Gyeongbuk Institute for Marine Bioindustry (GIMB), Hujeong 688-3, Uljin, 767-813, Korea
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Zhu B, Huang L, Huang HQ. Cloning analysis of ferritin and the cisplatin-subunit for cancer cell apoptosis in Aplysia juliana hepatopancreas. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2012; 156:95-103. [PMID: 22579997 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2012.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Revised: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Ferritin, an iron storage protein, plays a key role in iron metabolism in vivo. Here, we have cloned an inducible ferritin cDNA with 519 bp within the open reading frame fragment from the hepatopancreas of Aplysia juliana (AJ). The subunit sequence of the ferritin was predicted to be a polypeptide of 172 amino acids with a molecular mass of 19.8291kDa and an isoelectric point of 5.01. The cDNA sequence of hepatopancreas ferritin in AJ was constructed into a pET-32a system for expressing its relative protein efficiently in E. coli strain BL21, under isopropyl-β-d-thiogalactoside induction. The recombinant ferritin, which was further purified on a Ni-NTA resin column and digested with enterokinase, was detected as a single subunit of approximately 20 kDa mass using both SDS-PAGE and mass spectrometry. The secondary structure and phosphorylation sites of the deduced amino acids were predicted using both ExPASy proteomic tools and the NetPhos 2.0 server, and the subunit space structure of the recombinant AJ ferritin (rAjFer) was built using a molecular operating environment software system. The result of in-gel digestion and identification using MALDI-TOF MS/MS showed that the recombinant protein was AjFer. ICP-MS results indicated that the rAjFer subunit could directly bind to cisplatin[cis-Diaminedichloroplatinum(CDDP)], giving approximately 17.6 CDDP/ferritin subunits and forming a novel CDDP-subunit. This suggests that a nanometer CDDP core-ferritin was constructed, which could be developed as a new anti-cancer drug. The flow cytometry results indicated that CDDP-rAjFer could induce Hela cell apoptosis. Results of the real-time PCR and Western blotting showed that the expression of AjFer mRNA was up-regulated in AJ under Cd(2+) stress. The recombinant AjFer protein should prove to be useful for further study of the structure and function of ferritin in Aplysia.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Aplysia/drug effects
- Aplysia/genetics
- Aplysia/metabolism
- Apoptosis
- Base Sequence
- Cadmium/pharmacology
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cisplatin/metabolism
- Cisplatin/pharmacology
- Cloning, Molecular
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- DNA, Complementary/metabolism
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
- Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
- Escherichia coli/genetics
- Escherichia coli/metabolism
- Ferritins/classification
- Ferritins/genetics
- Ferritins/metabolism
- Ferritins/pharmacology
- Flow Cytometry
- Gene Expression Regulation
- HeLa Cells
- Hepatopancreas/drug effects
- Hepatopancreas/metabolism
- Humans
- Isoelectric Point
- Isopropyl Thiogalactoside/metabolism
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Molecular Weight
- Open Reading Frames
- Phosphorylation
- Phylogeny
- Protein Binding
- Protein Structure, Secondary
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/pharmacology
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization/methods
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, China
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Zhu B, Lin Q, Ke CH, Huang HQ. Single subunit type of ferritin from visceral mass of Saccostrea cucullata: cloning, expression and cisplatin-subunit analysis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 31:453-461. [PMID: 21729755 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2011.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Revised: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Ferritin, the iron storage protein, plays a key role in iron metabolism. Here, we have cloned an inducible ferritin cDNA with 516 bp within the open reading frame fragment from the visceral mass of Saccostrea cucullata. The subunit sequence of the ferritin was predicted to be a polypeptide of 171 amino acids with a molecular weight (MW) of 19.9182 kDa and an isoelectric point of 5.24. The cDNA sequence of S. cucullata ferritin was constructed into a pET-32a expression system for expressing its relative protein efficiently in the Escherichia coli BL21 strain under isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactoside (IPTG) induction. The recombinant ferritin, which was further purified on a Ni-NTA resin column and digested with enterokinase, was detected as a single subunit of approximately MW 20 kDa using both SDS-PAGE and mass spectrometry. S. cucullata ferritin (ScFer) showed 98% identity with Crassostrea gigas ferritin at the amino acid level. The secondary structure and phosphorylation sites of deduced amino acids were predicted with ExPASy proteomics tools and the NetPhos 2.0 server, respectively, and the subunit space structure of recombinant S. cucullata ferritin (rScFer) was built using the molecular operating environmental software system. The results of both in-gel digestion and identification using MALDI-TOF MS/MS showed that the recombinant protein was ScFer. ICP-MS indicated that rScFer subunit can directly bind to cisplatin[cis-Diaminedichloroplatinum(CDDP)], giving approximately 22.9 CDDP/ferritin subunit for forming a novel complex of CDDP-subunit, which suggests that it constructs a nanometer CDDP core-ferritin for developing a new drug of anti-cancer. The results of both the real-time PCR and Western blotting showed that the expression of ScFer mRNA was up-regulated in the oyster under the stress of Cd(2+). In addition, the expression increment of ScFer mRNA under bacterial challenge indicated that ferritin participated in the immune response of S. cucullata. The recombinant ScFer should prove to be useful for further study of the structure and function of ferritin in S. cucullata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Stress Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Bai Z, Yuan Y, Yue G, Li J. Molecular cloning and copy number variation of a ferritin subunit (Fth1) and its association with growth in freshwater pearl mussel Hyriopsis cumingii. PLoS One 2011; 6:e22886. [PMID: 21818403 PMCID: PMC3144951 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is one of the most important minor elements in the shells of bivalves. This study was designed to investigate the involvement of ferritin, the principal protein for iron storage, in shell growth. A novel ferritin subunit (Fth1) cDNA from the freshwater pearl mussel (Hyriopsis cumingii) was isolated and characterized. The complete cDNA contained 822 bp, with an open reading frame (ORF) of 525 bp, a 153 bp 5′ untranslated region (UTR) and a 144 bp 3′ UTR. The complete genomic DNA was 4125 bp, containing four exons and three introns. The ORF encoded a protein of 174 amino acids without a signal sequence. The deduced ferritin contained a highly conserved motif for the ferroxidase center comprising seven residues of a typical vertebrate heavy-chain ferritin. It contained one conserved iron associated residue (Try27) and iron-binding region signature 1 residues. The mRNA contained a 27 bp iron-responsive element with a typical stem-loop structure in the 5′-UTR position. Copy number variants (CNVs) of Fth1 in two populations (PY and JH) were detected using quantitative real-time PCR. Associations between CNVs and growth were also analyzed. The results showed that the copy number of the ferritin gene of in the diploid genome ranged from two to 12 in PY, and from two to six in JH. The copy number variation in PY was higher than that in JH. In terms of shell length, mussels with four copies of the ferritin gene grew faster than those with three copies (P<0.05), suggesting that CNVs in the ferritin gene are associated with growth in shell length and might be a useful molecular marker in selective breeding of H. cumingii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyi Bai
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiming Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Genhua Yue
- Molecular Population Genetics Group, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jiale Li
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- E-Institute of Shanghai Universities, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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Pham DQD, Winzerling JJ. Insect ferritins: Typical or atypical? Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2010; 1800:824-33. [PMID: 20230873 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2010.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2009] [Revised: 02/22/2010] [Accepted: 03/07/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Insects transmit millions of cases of disease each year, and cost millions of dollars in agricultural losses. The control of insect-borne diseases is vital for numerous developing countries, and the management of agricultural insect pests is a very serious business for developed countries. Control methods should target insect-specific traits in order to avoid non-target effects, especially in mammals. Since insect cells have had a billion years of evolutionary divergence from those of vertebrates, they differ in many ways that might be promising for the insect control field-especially, in iron metabolism because current studies have indicated that significant differences exist between insect and mammalian systems. Insect iron metabolism differs from that of vertebrates in the following respects. Insect ferritins have a heavier mass than mammalian ferritins. Unlike their mammalian counterparts, the insect ferritin subunits are often glycosylated and are synthesized with a signal peptide. The crystal structure of insect ferritin also shows a tetrahedral symmetry consisting of 12 heavy chain and 12 light chain subunits in contrast to that of mammalian ferritin that exhibits an octahedral symmetry made of 24 heavy chain and 24 light chain subunits. Insect ferritins associate primarily with the vacuolar system and serve as iron transporters-quite the opposite of the mammalian ferritins, which are mainly cytoplasmic and serve as iron storage proteins. This review will discuss these differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne Q D Pham
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Parkside, Kenosha, WI 531412000, USA
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Cloning, characterization and expression of ferritin subunit from clam Meretrix meretrix in different larval stages. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2009; 154:12-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2009.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2009] [Revised: 04/07/2009] [Accepted: 04/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Kim BY, Lee KS, Yoon HJ, Kim I, Li J, Sohn HD, Jin BR. Expression profile of the iron-binding proteins transferrin and ferritin heavy chain subunit in the bumblebee Bombus ignitus. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2009; 153:165-70. [PMID: 19268558 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2009.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2009] [Revised: 02/23/2009] [Accepted: 02/24/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The iron-binding proteins, transferrin and ferritin, are involved in the processes of transport and storage in iron metabolism. Their expression is induced in response to iron overload. Here, we show the expression profile of transferrin (Bi-Tf) and the ferritin heavy chain subunit (Bi-FerHCH) of the bumblebee Bombus ignitus in response to iron overload. Bi-Tf exhibits fat body-specific expression, whereas Bi-FerHCH is ubiquitously expressed and upregulated in various tissues, though in a similar manner, by iron overload. We also demonstrate their expression regulation via reduction of Bi-Tf or Bi-FerHCH levels in the fat body via RNA interference (RNAi). Under uniform conditions in which FeCl(3) was overloaded, the RNAi-induced Bi-Tf knock-down B. ignitus worker bees showed upregulated expression of Bi-FerHCH, and reciprocally, Bi-FerHCH RNAi knockdowns showed upregulated Bi-Tf expression in the fat body. This result indicates that, in case of the loss of Bi-Tf or Bi-FerHCH, the expression of Bi-FerHCH or Bi-Tf, respectively, is upregulated in response to iron overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yeon Kim
- College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan 604-714, Republic of Korea
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Wang D, Kim BY, Lee KS, Yoon HJ, Cui Z, Lu W, Jia JM, Kim DH, Sohn HD, Jin BR. Molecular characterization of iron binding proteins, transferrin and ferritin heavy chain subunit, from the bumblebee Bombus ignitus. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2008; 152:20-7. [PMID: 18824242 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2008.09.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2008] [Revised: 09/04/2008] [Accepted: 09/05/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Transferrin and ferritin are iron-binding proteins involved in transport and storage of iron as part of iron metabolism. Here, we describe the cDNA cloning and characterization of transferrin (Bi-Tf) and the ferritin heavy chain subunit (Bi-FerHCH), from the bumblebee Bombus ignitus. Bi-Tf cDNA spans 2340 bp and encodes a protein of 706 amino acids and Bi-FerHCH cDNA spans 1393 bp and encodes a protein of 217 amino acids. Comparative analysis revealed that Bi-Tf appears to have residues comprising iron-binding sites in the N-terminal lobe, and Bi-FerHCH contains a 5'UTR iron-responsive element and seven conserved amino acid residues associated with a ferroxidase center. The Bi-Tf and Bi-FerHCH cDNAs were expressed as 79 kDa and 27 kDa polypeptides, respectively, in baculovirus-infected insect Sf9 cells. Northern blot analysis revealed that Bi-Tf exhibits fat body-specific expression and Bi-FerHCH shows ubiquitous expression. The expression profiles of the Bi-Tf and Bi-FerHCH in the fat body of B. ignitus worker bees revealed that Bi-Tf and Bi-FerHCH are differentially induced in a time-dependent manner in a single insect by wounding, bacterial challenge, and iron overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan 604-714, Republic of Korea
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Transcriptional regulation of ferritin mRNA levels by iron in the freshwater giant prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2008; 150:320-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2008.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2008] [Revised: 03/21/2008] [Accepted: 03/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Strickler-Dinglasan PM, Guz N, Attardo G, Aksoy S. Molecular characterization of iron binding proteins from Glossina morsitans morsitans (Diptera: Glossinidae). INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2006; 36:921-33. [PMID: 17098167 PMCID: PMC1698469 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2006.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2006] [Revised: 09/07/2006] [Accepted: 09/08/2006] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of iron is critical for maintaining homeostasis in the tsetse fly (Diptera: Glossinidae), in which both adult sexes are strict blood feeders. We have characterized the cDNAs for two putative iron-binding proteins (IBPs) involved in transport and storage; transferrin (GmmTsf1) and ferritin from Glossina morsitans morsitans. GmmTsf1 transcripts are detected in the female fat body and in adult reproductive tissues, and only in the adult developmental stage in a bloodmeal independent manner. In contrast, the ferritin heavy chain (GmmFer1HCH) and light chain (GmmFer2LCH) transcripts are expressed ubiquitously, suggesting a more general role for these proteins in iron transport and storage. Protein domain predictions for each IBP suggest both the conservation and loss of several motifs present in their vertebrate homologues. In concert with many other described insect transferrins (Tfs), putative secreted GmmTsf1 maintains 3 of the 5 residues necessary for iron-binding in the N-terminal lobe, but exhibits a loss of this iron-binding ability in the C-terminal lobe as well as a loss of large sequence blocks. Both putative GmmFer1HCH and GmmFer2LCH proteins have signal peptides, similar to other insect ferritins. GmmFer2LCH has lost the 5'UTR iron-responsive element (IRE) and, thus, translation is no longer regulated by cellular iron levels. On the other hand, GmmFer1HCH maintains both the conserved ferroxidase center and the 5'UTR IRE; however, transcript variants suggest a more extensive regulatory mechanism for this subunit.
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