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Gao X, Cao S, Chen R, Fei F, Li W, Zhang X, Zhu Z, Liu B. A Comprehensive Biochemical Characterization of Hybrid Grouper Larvae ( Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus♂) during Yolk-Sac Larval Development. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3801. [PMID: 38136838 PMCID: PMC10740658 DOI: 10.3390/ani13243801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the shifts in the biochemical composition of hybrid grouper during the early larval stages, we collected samples at various developmental milestones, spanning from newly hatched larvae (stage I) to 4 days after hatching (stage V). Our findings revealed several notable trends: (1) The total length of hybrid grouper larvae exhibited a significant increase as the yolk-sac absorption progressed from stage I to V. Concurrently, there was a marked decrease in yolk volume and oil volume during the transition from stage I to III, followed by a gradual decline from stage III to V. (2) Dry weight and total lipid content displayed a rapid reduction throughout the larval development period, while the total protein content exhibited a declining trend. (3) The concentrations of triacylglycerols and wax esters/steryl esters decreased considerably, particularly at stage V. However, no differences were observed among the contents of ketones, hydrocarbons, and sterols. (4) As yolk-sac larvae developed from stage I to V, a significant reduction was observed in the levels of essential amino acids (EAAs), such as leucine, valine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, glycine, alanine, serine, proline, and tyrosine. This trend was also observed for non-EAAs and total amino acids, with fluctuations in the content of other amino acids. (5) There was a significant decrease in the levels of specific fatty acids, including C16:0, saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), C18:0, 18:1n-9, and C20:4n-6. In contrast, the contents of C22:6n-3, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), n-3 PUFA, n-6 PUFA, and the combination of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) + eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), as well as the DHA/EPA ratio, remained stable from stage I to III but declined thereafter. (6) During the early developmental stages, the utilization sequence of fatty acids followed a pattern of prioritizing SFAs, followed by MUFAs, n-6 PUFA, and n-3 PUFA. These findings provide further insights into the nutritional priorities of hybrid grouper larvae during their early development, with a particular emphasis on lipids and fatty acids as vital energy sources. Additionally, our results highlight variations in the efficiency of utilization among different types of fatty acids, while protein utilization remained relatively stable, characterized by the selective consumption of amino acid content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (X.G.); (S.C.); (F.F.); (W.L.); (X.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Shuquan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (X.G.); (S.C.); (F.F.); (W.L.); (X.Z.); (Z.Z.)
- Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Rongjie Chen
- Laizhou Marine Development and Fisheries Service Center, Yantai 261400, China;
| | - Fan Fei
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (X.G.); (S.C.); (F.F.); (W.L.); (X.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Wenyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (X.G.); (S.C.); (F.F.); (W.L.); (X.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Xianhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (X.G.); (S.C.); (F.F.); (W.L.); (X.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zhiwen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (X.G.); (S.C.); (F.F.); (W.L.); (X.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Baoliang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (X.G.); (S.C.); (F.F.); (W.L.); (X.Z.); (Z.Z.)
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Li X, He X, Lin X, Li W, Gao J, Zhang N, Guo Y, Wang Z, Zhao N, Zhang B, Dong Z. Effects of bisphenols on lipid metabolism and neuro-cardiovascular toxicity in marine medaka larvae. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 259:106551. [PMID: 37156703 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenols are environmental endocrine disruptors that have detrimental effects on aquatic organisms. Using marine medaka larvae, this study explored the effects of bisphenol compounds [bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol S (BPS), bisphenol F (BPF), and bisphenol AF (BPAF)] on the early growth and development of aquatic organisms. Marine medaka larvae were exposed to bisphenol compounds at concentrations of 0.05, 0.5, and 5 μM for 72 h, and changes in heartbeat rate, behavior, hormone levels, and gene expression were determined. Bisphenols were shown to have a toxic effect on the cardiovascular system of larvae and can cause neurotoxicity and endocrine disruption, such as changes to thyroid-related hormones. Functional enrichment showed that bisphenols mainly affect lipid metabolism and cardiac muscle contraction of larvae, which implied that the main toxic effects of bisphenols on marine medaka larvae targeted the liver and heart. This study provides a theoretical foundation for evaluating the toxicological effects of bisphenols on the early development of aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyou Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture in the South China Sea for Aquatic Economic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiaoxu He
- Tianjin Fisheries Research Institute, Tianjin 300200, China
| | - Xiaona Lin
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture in the South China Sea for Aquatic Economic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Weihao Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture in the South China Sea for Aquatic Economic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jiahao Gao
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture in the South China Sea for Aquatic Economic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture in the South China Sea for Aquatic Economic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yusong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture in the South China Sea for Aquatic Economic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhongduo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture in the South China Sea for Aquatic Economic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Na Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture in the South China Sea for Aquatic Economic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture in the South China Sea for Aquatic Economic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, China; Tianjin Fisheries Research Institute, Tianjin 300200, China
| | - Zhongdian Dong
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture in the South China Sea for Aquatic Economic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China.
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The effects of feeding and starvation on antioxidant defence, fatty acid composition and lipid peroxidation in reared Oncorhynchus mykiss fry. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16716. [PMID: 34408240 PMCID: PMC8373945 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96204-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of feeding and starvation have been studied with respect to oxidative stress and enzymatic antioxidant activities in the whole body of 4 cm rainbow trout fry Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum 1792). The experiment was conducted for 28 days. The selected biomarkers for the study were determined, including non-enzymic scavengers glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and a number of enzymes are known to have major antioxidant activity, such as activities of süperoksit dismutaz (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutatyon peroksidaz (GSHpx), glutatyon Redüktaz (GR) and Glutatyon-S-Transferaz (GST). There is an endogenous cellular glutathione pool which consists of two forms of glutathione, i.e. the GSH and the GSSG. Oxidative damage was measured by the formation of MDA as an indication of lipid peroxidation. The activities of SOD in 14th and 28th day and the activity of CAT in 14th day were increased significantly during the 28 days of starvation. GSHpx and GR activities in starved fry decreased significantly in 28th day. GST activity in all starved fry showed the most significant increases the period of 28 days starving. The highest ΣSFA (Total Saturated Fatty Acid) content was obtained from 28 day starved fry. In starved fry, there was an apparent preference in utilization of C18:1n-9 than in the fed fry. In both starved and fed fry, C16:1n-7 was preferentially kept during the same period. Fry kept 28 days under starvation conditions exhausted C15:0, C17:0, C18:3n-6, C22:0, C24:0. They utilized less C20:5n-3 acid and conserved strongly C22:6n-3 acid. Concentrations of C20:5n-3, C22:5n-3, C22:6n-3 and total n-3 fatty acids significantly increased and C18:3n-3 significantly decreased in the whole body of starved fry during starvation period. A significant increase in the concentrations of C22:5n-3 and C22:6n-3 was determined in the fed fries in the last 2 weeks. Fat-soluble vitamins, cholesterol, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol levels were also determined in the same period of O. mykiss fry.
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Hou Z, Fuiman LA. Maternal diet affects utilization of endogenous lipids by red drum Sciaenops ocellatus embryos and early larvae. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 256:110639. [PMID: 34174451 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2021.110639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Embryonic and early larval development and metabolism of most teleost fishes are fueled entirely by maternally derived nutritional resources (yolk and oil) before the onset of exogenous feeding. The composition of those resources depends, in part, on maternal diet. To examine how diet-induced variations in egg composition affect embryonic and larval utilization of endogenous lipids and fatty acids, we fed red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) broodstock four different diets to produce distinctive fatty acid compositions in eggs but with no significant difference in total lipid content. We sampled embryos and unfed larvae every 12 h from 12 h post-fertilization (hpf) until starvation (96-120 hpf; n = 5 spawns per diet group). Rates of utilization of the oil globule were significantly different among diet groups, resulting in significant differences in mean oil globule size at the first feeding stage (84 hpf). Utilization rates for 15 fatty acids were significantly different among diet groups and were proportional to their initial concentration. As a result, differences in larval fatty acid compositions among maternal diet groups diminished over time but remained different even at later stages. In addition, larval standard length at 84 hpf was positively correlated with egg total lipid content. This study suggests that the fatty acid composition of yolk and oil affects energy metabolism and tissue composition in red drum larvae. These effects could have consequences for the survival and essential physiological functions of fish larvae during the critical period of transition to exogenous feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxin Hou
- Marine Science Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas, TX 78373, United States of America.
| | - Lee A Fuiman
- Marine Science Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas, TX 78373, United States of America
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Voronin VP, Murzina SA, Nefedova ZA, Pekkoeva SN, Ruokolainen TR, Ruch’ev MA, Nemova NN. A Comparative Study of Lipids and it’s Dynamic during Embryogenesis and Early Post-Embryonic Development of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) and Brown Trout (Salmo trutta L.). Russ J Dev Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360421020090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Angela C, Wang W, Lyu H, Zhou Y, Huang X. The effect of dietary supplementation of Astragalus membranaceus and Bupleurum chinense on the growth performance, immune-related enzyme activities and genes expression in white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 107:379-384. [PMID: 33059009 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A 56-day feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of Astragalus membranaceus or/and Bupleurum chinense on the growth performance, immune enzymes, and related gene expression of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vanammei). Six experimental diets were formulated and supplemented with two levels (0.25% and 0.5%) of each herb and their combination. At the end of the trial, the specific growth rate and feed conversion ratio of shrimp were significantly (P < 0.05) improved by herbal diets. Besides, the activities of immune-related enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), and lysozyme in serum and hepatopancreas were significantly (P < 0.05) elevated in shrimp fed A. membranaceus or/and B. chinense. The high expression levels of immune deficiency (IMD), lysozyme, and Toll-like receptor mRNA directly or indirectly reflected the activation effect of innate immune in shrimp by dietary A. membranaceus or/and B. chinense. However, no significant difference (P > 0.05) among the herbal incorporated treatments was detected on the growth performance and immune response. In conclusion, the results suggest that A. membranaceus and B. chinense could be used as a beneficial feed additives and alternatives to antibiotics for white shrimp aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornel Angela
- Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, China
| | - Weilong Wang
- Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, China
| | - Hongyu Lyu
- Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, China
| | - Xuxiong Huang
- Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, China.
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Mejri S, Adams AJ, Shenker JM, Cianciotto AC, Robinson C, Uribe V, Wills PS. Lipid Composition and Utilization in Early Stage Leptocephalus Larvae of Bonefish (Albula vulpes). Lipids 2020; 56:81-91. [PMID: 32885865 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In order to encourage the survival of both captive and wild populations of bonefish (Albula vulpes), a deeper understanding of the species' early developmental characteristics is necessary. During ontogenesis, bonefish utilize lipids as a source of energy before the start of exogenous feeding. The goal of this study is to gain insight into the energetic needs of bonefish leptocephalus larvae in the post-hatch larval stage. Broodstock were collected in the wild and hormone induced. Spawning yielded eggs that were fertilized and were then incubated until hatching. Larval development was monitored throughout the duration of the trial until all larvae perished. Samples of larval tissue were taken to the lab for lipid analysis and composition was compared at different developmental stages. Larval lipid composition was significantly different across sample groups showing a change in lipid content related to development. After hatching, larvae gradually depleted wax esters-sterol ester (WE-SE) reserves over a period of 4 days, while simultaneously increasing hydrocarbon (HC). The role of WE-SE is seemingly tied to both buoyancy and energy reserves due to its high abundance immediately post-hatch and selective catabolism. As larvae weaned off of the nutrition provided by the yolk, exogenous feeding began to diversify lipid composition and overall lipid reserves were depleted. Future directions included the development of optimal larval feeds based on this analysis in order to gain more insight into the nutritional needs and requirements during the critical leptocephalus stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Mejri
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, 5600 US 1-N, Fort Pierce, FL, 34946, USA
| | - Aaron J Adams
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, 5600 US 1-N, Fort Pierce, FL, 34946, USA.,Bonefish and Tarpon Trust, 2937 SW 27th Avenue, Suite 203, Miami, FL, 33133, USA
| | - Jonathan M Shenker
- Florida Institute of Technology, 150 W University Blvd, Melbourne, FL, 32901, USA
| | - Anthony C Cianciotto
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, 5600 US 1-N, Fort Pierce, FL, 34946, USA
| | - Christopher Robinson
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, 5600 US 1-N, Fort Pierce, FL, 34946, USA
| | - Victoria Uribe
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, 5600 US 1-N, Fort Pierce, FL, 34946, USA
| | - Paul S Wills
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, 5600 US 1-N, Fort Pierce, FL, 34946, USA
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Yan M, Wang W, Huang X, Wang X, Wang Y. Interactive effects of dietary cholesterol and phospholipids on the growth performance, expression of immune-related genes and resistance against Vibrio alginolyticus in white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 97:100-107. [PMID: 31756453 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A 56-day feeding trial was done to investigate the interactive effects of cholesterol (CHO) and phospholipids (PL) on the growth performance, immune response, expression of immune-related genes, and resistance against Vibrio alginolyticus of freshwater cultured white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). A 3 × 3 experimental design was conducted with nine experimental diets containing three levels of CHO (0, 0.2%, and 0.4%) and three levels of PL (0, 2%, and 4%). The results indicated that the growth performance significantly (P < 0.05) increased with the increase in dietary CHO levels. Interactive effects between dietary CHO and PL on the growth parameters were not observed. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and lysozyme activities were also significantly affected by dietary CHO levels. Furthermore, the interaction between these two additives was only detected in SOD activity. Shrimp fed experimental diet with CHO and PL supplementation showed better tolerance against Vibrio alginolyticus compared to the control, interactive effects (P < 0.05) were also detected on these two factors. The expression of immune deficiency (IMD) and lysozyme mRNA was up-regulated in shrimp fed diets with CHO and PL. The expression level of Toll-like receptor mRNA directly reflected the dietary CHO levels, which was not affected by dietary PL. The interaction between dietary CHO and PL was shown as the significant factor (P < 0.05) both in the expression of IMD and lysozyme mRNA, which indicated that different dietary levels of CHO and PL could strongly affect expression levels of some immune-relevant genes of the juvenile freshwater cultured L. vannamei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minglei Yan
- Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition (CREEFN) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weilong Wang
- Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition (CREEFN) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education (Shanghai Ocean University), Lingang New City, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuxiong Huang
- Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition (CREEFN) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai, China; Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education (Shanghai Ocean University), Lingang New City, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xinlei Wang
- Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition (CREEFN) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition (CREEFN) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
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Agh N, Jafari F, Jalili R, Noori F, Mozanzadeh MT. Replacing Dietary Fish Oil with Vegetable Oil Blends in Female Rainbow Trout Brood Stock Does Not Affect Breeding Quality. Lipids 2019; 54:149-161. [PMID: 30891788 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
To determine the effects of replacing fish oil (FO) with a mixture of vegetable oils (VO) in plant protein-rich diets on reproductive performance, the fatty acid profile of embryos as well as health indices of female rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) brooders (initial mean body weight, 1.8 ± 0.1 kg), a 3-month feeding trial was conducted. Four isoproteic (ca. 42%) and isoenergetic (ca. 20 MJ/kg) diets were formulated in which 50% (FO50/VO50), 75% (FO25/VO75), and 100% (VO100) of FO were replaced by a mixture of VO, whereas the control diet (FO100) was prepared with FO as the major source of lipid. Fish fed the VO100 had the lowest fertilization (73.0 ± 2.5%), survival at eyed-embryo stage (62.5 ± 5.0%), and hatching rate (56.0 ± 4.7%) rates. Brood fish fed the FO50/VO50, FO25/VO50, and VO100 diets had higher levels of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids in embryos in comparison with fish fed FO100 diet. The levels of docosahexaenoic acid of embryos gradually decreased during embryogenesis in all treatments, whereas the concentrations of eicosapentaenoic acid was greatly increased at hatching day (35 days after spawning). Regarding serum biochemical parameters, fish fed the VO100 diet had the highest serum glucose, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein levels. The results of the current study revealed that replacement of dietary FO with a mixture of VO up to 75% did not have any adverse effects on reproductive performance and health indices of O. mykiss females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naser Agh
- Artemia and Aquaculture Research Institute, Urmia University, Dr. Beheshty Avenue, Urmia, 5717944514, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Jafari
- Artemia and Aquaculture Research Institute, Urmia University, Dr. Beheshty Avenue, Urmia, 5717944514, Iran
| | - Reza Jalili
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Urmia University, University Avenue, Serow Road, Urmia, 5756151818, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Noori
- Artemia and Aquaculture Research Institute, Urmia University, Dr. Beheshty Avenue, Urmia, 5717944514, Iran
| | - Mansour T Mozanzadeh
- South Iran Aquaculture Research Centre, Iranian Fisheries Science Institute (IFSRI), Agricultural Research Education and Extension organization (AREEO), Ahwaz, Iran
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Feiner ZS, Swihart RK, Coulter DP, Höök TO. Fatty acids in an iteroparous fish: variable complexity, identity, and phenotypic correlates. CAN J ZOOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2017-0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ecologists often focus on summarized composition when assessing complex, multivariate phenotypes such as fatty acids. Increasing complexity in fatty acid composition may offer benefits to individuals that may not be recognized by assessing mean fatty acid identity. We quantified fatty acid identity and complexity in the egg and muscle of spawning female yellow perch (Perca flavescens (Mitchill, 1814)) exposed to three overwinter thermal regimes (4, 8, and 13 °C) to evaluate (i) thermal regulation of fatty acid complexity, (ii) fatty acid complexity and identity differences between female muscle and eggs, and (iii) relationships between fatty acid complexity and egg traits. Temperature did not alter fatty acid complexity in either tissue. Muscle contained an even distribution of 12 abundant polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), while eggs exhibited a simpler phenotype of eight compounds. Fatty acid complexity in female muscle was positively correlated with potential indicators of egg quality, including size and lipid content. Preferential allocation of fatty acids to eggs by females likely contributed to a simple phenotype dominated by PUFA precursors and energy sources, while muscle represented a more complex fatty acid phenotype. Recognizing complexity could elucidate variation in reproductive condition among individuals, while identifying patterns in fatty acid allocation among populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary S. Feiner
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, 715 West State St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Robert K. Swihart
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, 715 West State St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - David P. Coulter
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, 715 West State St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Southern Illinois University–Carbondale, 1125 Lincoln Dr., Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | - Tomas O. Höök
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, 715 West State St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Illinois–Indiana Sea Grant, Purdue University, 195 Marsteller St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Nefedova ZA, Murzina SA, Pekkoeva SN, Ruokolainen TR, Nemova NN. Biochemical Heterogeneity of the Lipid Status of the Prespawn Eggs of Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (Walbaum 1792) (Varzuga River, White Sea basin). CONTEMP PROBL ECOL+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1995425518030095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Variation of lipids and fatty acids composition in the tissues of wild devil stinger ( Inimicus japonicas ) during sexual maturation. AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Bandarra NM, Marçalo A, Cordeiro AR, Pousão-Ferreira P. Sardine (Sardina pilchardus) lipid composition: Does it change after one year in captivity? Food Chem 2018; 244:408-413. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.09.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Gil-Ramírez A, Morales D, Soler-Rivas C. Molecular actions of hypocholesterolaemic compounds from edible mushrooms. Food Funct 2018; 9:53-69. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00835j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Edible mushrooms contain bioactive compounds able to modulate the expression of genes related to absorption, biosynthesis and transport of cholesterol and regulation of its homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Gil-Ramírez
- Department of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods
- CIAL – Research Institute in Food Science (UAM+CSIC)
- C/Nicolas Cabrera 9
- Campus de Cantoblanco
- Universidad Autonoma de Madrid
| | - Diego Morales
- Department of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods
- CIAL – Research Institute in Food Science (UAM+CSIC)
- C/Nicolas Cabrera 9
- Campus de Cantoblanco
- Universidad Autonoma de Madrid
| | - Cristina Soler-Rivas
- Department of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods
- CIAL – Research Institute in Food Science (UAM+CSIC)
- C/Nicolas Cabrera 9
- Campus de Cantoblanco
- Universidad Autonoma de Madrid
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15
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de Fatima Ferreira Martins E, Magnone L, Bessonart M, Costa DC, Dos Santos JCE, Bazzoli N, Nakayama CL, Luz RK. Description of the composition of fatty acids and lipids in the breeders muscle, oocytes and in the embryonic development of Brycon orthotaenia (Günther, 1864). Anim Reprod Sci 2017; 181:167-174. [PMID: 28476426 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to evaluate the fatty acid and lipid composition of oocytes, newly hatched larvae (NHL), first feeding larvae (FFL) and muscle tissue of female Brycon orthotaenia broodstock. Total and polar lipid was significantly (P<0.05) abundant in oocytes and larvae in different stages of development. The lowest content (P<0.05) of total lipids was found in the muscles, whereas total lipid content of oocytes, NHL and FFL did not show any significant difference. Polar lipid content was different (P<0.05) between NHL and FFL. For the neutral the lowest values of C18:2n 6 occurred during the initial feeding period, whilst C20:4n 6 (AA) exhibited the highest percentage in FFL (P<0.05). C22:6n 3 (DHA) was highest (P<0.05) in FFL. The neutral lipid n-9 and n-6 was highest in muscle of females. The n-3HUFA was highest in NHL and in FFL, n-6HUFA was highest in FFL (P<0.05). The ratios of DHA/EPA were higher (P<0.05) in oocytes and FFL. In fatty acids of polar lipids, C20:5n 3 (EPA) did not show differences (P>0.05) between stages. C18:3n 3 was highest (P<0.05) in NHL and FFL. C20:4n 6 (AA) and C22:6n 3 (DHA) showed the highest percentages during the larval stages. The fatty acids n-3 series was significantly higher (P<0.05) in FFL. The n-6HUFA was highest during development larval (P<0.05). The increases DHA reflects the ability of the species to elongate and desaturate to obtain n-3HUFA from 18:3n 3, shows the importance of this fatty acid during early development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edenilce de Fatima Ferreira Martins
- Laboratório de Aquacultura da Escola de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Larisa Magnone
- Laboratorio de Recursos Naturales, Instituto de Ecología y Ciencias Ambientales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá, 4225, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Martin Bessonart
- Laboratorio de Recursos Naturales, Instituto de Ecología y Ciencias Ambientales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá, 4225, Montevideo, Uruguay; Estación Experimental de Cultivos Marinos y Acuicultura, Dirección Nacional de Recursos Acuáticos (DINARA) Ministerio de Ganadería Agricultura y Pesca (MGAP), Parque Nacional Cabo Polonio s/n, Uruguay
| | - Deliane Cristina Costa
- Laboratório de Aquacultura da Escola de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Nilo Bazzoli
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia de Vertebrados, Pontíficia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais - PUC Minas, Av. Dom José Gaspar, 500, Coração Eucarístico, Prédio 41, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Cintia Labussière Nakayama
- Laboratório de Aquacultura da Escola de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ronald Kennedy Luz
- Laboratório de Aquacultura da Escola de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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16
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Nemova NN, Nefedova ZA, Murzina SA, Veselov AE, Ripatti PO. Comparative characteristics of the lipid and fatty acid status of eyed-stage atlantic salmon embryos reared in natural and artificial environments. BIOL BULL+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359015060084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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17
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Parma L, Bonaldo A, Pirini M, Viroli C, Parmeggiani A, Bonvini E, Gatta PP. Fatty acid composition of eggs and its relationships to egg and larval viability from domesticated common sole (Solea solea) breeders. Reprod Domest Anim 2014; 50:186-194. [PMID: 25471058 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The study of lipids and fatty acids (FAs) has been used in the assessment of egg quality because their composition can influence the fertilization rate, hatching, survival and growth of marine fish larvae. For these reasons, the lipid content (TL) and fatty acid composition of common sole (Solea solea) eggs were measured and correlated to egg and larval viability parameters throughout an entire reproductive season. Seventeen batches of fertile eggs obtained from natural spawning of captive breeders were characterized for the TL, FA profile, hatching rate (HR) and survival rate of larvae (SR) at 0-6 days post-hatching (dph). The egg FA composition reflected the composition of the feed supplied to the broodstock during summer and autumn (before and during vitellogenesis) rather than that supplied during the spawning season. In general, the egg FA profile showed minimal differences among the early-, mid- and late-spawning periods (possibly due to the change of the diet and/or water temperature) indicating that it is possible to obtain a similar egg quality in terms of egg FA profile over 2 months of spawning. Saturated FAs and monounsaturated FAs (MUFA) were positively correlated with HR, while TL, 22 : 6n-3 (DHA), 20 : 4n-6 (ARA), polyunsaturated FAs of the (n-3) series (n-3 PUFA) and polyunsaturated FAs of the (n-6) series were negatively correlated (p ≤ 0.05). MUFA, 20 : 5n-3 (EPA), n-6/n-3 were positively correlated with SR, while DHA, n-3 PUFA, DHA/EPA were negatively correlated (p ≤ 0.05). In conclusion, the feed supplied before and during vitellogenesis has a major role in determining the egg FA profile in common sole. The relationships found between TL and FAs with egg and larval viability parameters differ from many other farmed marine fish species, which may suggest the need for a specific broodstock feed for this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Parma
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - A Bonaldo
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - M Pirini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - C Viroli
- Department of Statistical Sciences "Paolo Fortunati", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - A Parmeggiani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - E Bonvini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - P P Gatta
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
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Jia Y, Meng Z, Liu X, Lei J. Biochemical composition and quality of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) eggs throughout the reproductive season. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2014; 40:1093-1104. [PMID: 24415175 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-014-9908-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the biochemical composition and quality of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) eggs throughout the reproductive season. Results showed that the fertilization, hatching and egg floating rates were variable throughout the reproductive season, with the highest values recorded during the mid-season. Meanwhile, positive correlations were found between fertilization, hatching rate and floating rate. The composition of turbot eggs, including total lipid, protein, carbohydrate, moisture and dry weight showed no significant differences during the reproductive season. Furthermore, no correlations were found between egg compositions and viability parameters (VPs), including fertilization and hatching rates as well as larval deformity rate. However, egg diameter varied and correlated with fertilization, hatching and egg floating rates. The fatty acid in eggs at mid-season had significantly higher levels of C14:0, C16:0, C16:1n-7, C18:0, C18:1, C20:4n-6, C20:5n-3 and C22:6n-3. Moreover, significant relationships were found between fatty acids and VPs. Eggs of the middle season had significantly higher concentration of isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, valine, alanine, aspartate, glutamate and serine, whereas no significant relationships were found between amino acids and VPs. These observations suggest that the biochemical profile of eggs may be useful in evaluating egg quality and improving broodstock management for turbot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Jia
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No. 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
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Miyares RL, de Rezende VB, Farber SA. Zebrafish yolk lipid processing: a tractable tool for the study of vertebrate lipid transport and metabolism. Dis Model Mech 2014; 7:915-27. [PMID: 24812437 PMCID: PMC4073280 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.015800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemias are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the world, particularly in developed nations. Investigating lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in experimentally tractable animal models is a crucial step towards understanding and treating human dyslipidemias. The zebrafish, a well-established embryological model, is emerging as a notable system for studies of lipid metabolism. Here, we describe the value of the lecithotrophic, or yolk-metabolizing, stages of the zebrafish as a model for studying lipid metabolism and lipoprotein transport. We demonstrate methods to assay yolk lipid metabolism in embryonic and larval zebrafish. Injection of labeled fatty acids into the zebrafish yolk promotes efficient uptake into the circulation and rapid metabolism. Using a genetic model for abetalipoproteinemia, we show that the uptake of labeled fatty acids into the circulation is dependent on lipoprotein production. Furthermore, we examine the metabolic fate of exogenously delivered fatty acids by assaying their incorporation into complex lipids. Moreover, we demonstrate that this technique is amenable to genetic and pharmacologic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa L Miyares
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA. Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Vitor B de Rezende
- Department of Mental Health, School of Medicine of Federal University of Minas Gerais, 30130-100 Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Steven A Farber
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
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Duan X, Li M, Wu F, Yang N, Nikoo M, Jin Z, Xu X. Postfertilization changes in nutritional composition and protein conformation of hen egg. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:12092-12100. [PMID: 24251755 DOI: 10.1021/jf403099q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Fertilized hen egg is traditionally considered as a dietary supplement in many Asian countries. This work aimed to obtain information on the effect of fertilization on total nutritional composition of egg contents and protein conformation. Chemical analysis showed that the lipid level in fertilized egg began to decrease after day 9. Fertilized egg before day 9 was higher in essential free amino acids (EFAA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) contents but lower in cholesterol and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) than unfertilized counterparts. Fertilized egg proteins were characterized by an increase in hydrophobicity and a decrease in electrostatic interaction. Circular dichroism analysis showed that β-sheet decreased with increasing incubation time, whereas unordered structure increased. The findings observed in this work provide a crucial basis for understanding nutritional composition and protein conformation of fertilized egg, with the potential of being utilized as an EFAA/MUFA-rich, low-cholesterol dietary supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
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21
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Murzina SA, Nefedova ZA, Falk-Petersen S, Hop H, Ryokolainen TR, Meyer Ottesen CA, Ripatti PO, Berge J, Nemova NN. Lipids in the daubed shanny (Teleostei: Leptoclinus maculatus) in Svalbard waters. Polar Biol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-013-1381-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Murzina SA, Nefedova ZA, Ripatti PO, Nemova NN, Markova LV. Dynamics of fatty acid composition of total lipids during embryonic development of atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. Russ J Dev Biol 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360412020051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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23
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Samaee SM, Estévez A. Embryo and larva development in Dentex dentex, a marine pelagophil teleost: an endeavor to find a series of new fatty acid interrelations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 317:55-72. [PMID: 22021057 DOI: 10.1002/jez.721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Revised: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 09/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Although the fatty acid (FA) requirements of marine teleosts not only are a function of the amount of each FA individually, but also of the relative proportions of the FAs; mostly, the interactions have been ignored and merely limited to a few interrelations of 20:4[n-6], 20:5[n-3], and 22:6[n-3]. To address this shortcoming, viable eggs of Dentex dentex were obtained from broodfish in captivity. Nine viability parameters (VP) (i.e., floating rate (FR), hatching rate (HR), and survival rate (SR) from day 0 to 5 posthatch (dph)) that are currently used in mariculture systems were determined. Egg FAs were characterized and quantified. One hundred and twenty ratios were made based on the FA contents estimated. Sixty-four ratios were significantly and strongly correlated to embryo/larva success through 201 simple regression models (r(2) = 0.640-0.948; P = 0.006-P < 0.001). Of the 201 significant relationships found, -12, -5, -2, -3, -22, -23, ∼21, and -13% show the relations of the egg FA ratios with FR, HR, and SR at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 dph, respectively. All the FAs characterized in this study were significantly correlated to VPs through either their individual relative proportions or relative proportion of their combinations. This study, for the first time, presents a series of new FA interrelations and uncovers their biological meanings under both basic and applied aspects through correlating them to embryo/larva success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed-Mohammadreza Samaee
- Department of Organismic Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
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24
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Ortega A, Mourente G. Comparison of the lipid profiles from wild caught eggs and unfed larvae of two scombroid fish: northern bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus L., 1758) and Atlantic bonito (Sarda sarda Bloch, 1793). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2010; 36:461-471. [PMID: 19330458 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-009-9316-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2009] [Accepted: 03/03/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Lipids and essential fatty acids are determinants of the reproductive process in marine fish, affecting fecundity, egg quality, hatching performance, pigmentation and larval malformation. We have analyzed and characterized the lipids of eggs and unfed larvae of two wild caught scombroid fish, the Atlantic northern bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) and Atlantic bonito (Sarda sarda). Dry matter and total lipid contents, polar and neutral lipid classes and total lipid fatty acid contents were determined in the eggs of bluefin tuna and eggs and unfed larvae during the development of Atlantic bonito. Bluefin tuna eggs had slightly but significantly more dry mass than bonito eggs but very similar lipid content. However, bluefin tuna eggs presented a higher polar lipid content due to increased proportions of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylinositol (PI). Bonito eggs and larvae showed increasing dry mass and decreasing lipid content with development. The proportion of polar lipids increased due to increased PE, PS and PI, whereas choline-containing polar lipids (phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin) remained relatively constant. Free cholesterol also increased, whereas the levels of other neutral lipids, especially triacylglycerol and steryl ester fractions, decreased, presumably due to utilization for energy to drive development. Bluefin tuna eggs had higher levels of n - 3 and n - 6 highly unsaturated fatty acids due to higher docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acid contents, respectively, than bonito eggs. The results are discussed in relation to the lipid and fatty acid requirements of larval scombroid fish in comparison to those of other larval marine finfish species under culture conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelio Ortega
- Planta Experimental de Cultivos Marinos, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), 30860, Puerto de Mazarrón, Murcia, Spain
| | - Gabriel Mourente
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, 11510, Puero Real, Cadiz, Spain.
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25
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Samaee SM, Estévez A, Giménez G, Lahnsteiner F. Evaluation of quantitative importance of egg lipids and fatty acids during embryos and larvae development in marine pelagophil teleosts: with an emphasis onDentex dentex. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 311:735-51. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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26
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Murzina SA, Nefedova ZA, Ruokolainen TR, Vasil’eva OB, Nemova NN. Dynamics of lipid content during early development of freshwater salmon Salmo salar L. Russ J Dev Biol 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360409030059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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27
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Al-Sayed Mahmoud K, Linder M, Fanni J, Parmentier M. Characterisation of the lipid fractions obtained by proteolytic and chemical extractions from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) roe. Process Biochem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2008.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Effect of maternal fat reserves on the fatty acid composition of sardine (Sardina pilchardus) oocytes. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2007; 148:398-409. [PMID: 17720577 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2007.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2007] [Revised: 07/20/2007] [Accepted: 07/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We compared the fatty acid (FA) composition of the muscle and gonads of female Iberian sardines with hydrated oocytes collected during the 2002/03 spawning season off southern Portugal (November and February) and off western Portugal (February). Sardine condition and total FA concentration in the muscle decreased between the two sampling dates, while the gonadosomatic index was similar between samples. Total monounsaturated FA concentrations in sardine gonads were different for the three samples while saturated and polyunsaturated FA concentrations were similar. Significant linear relations were found between FA concentrations in female muscle and oocytes, including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n-3) and arachidonic acid (AA; 20:4n-6), both being essential for normal larval development. The concentration of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3) in oocytes was independent on muscle concentration, probably resulting from its selective transfer to the oocytes. The EPA/DHA ratio was highly conserved in sardine tissues, while DHA/AA and EPA/AA ratios varied significantly between samples. These results indicate that the FA content of eggs produced by sardines varies throughout the spawning season, egg FA concentrations decreasing as females lose condition, and FA composition also shows spatial variability. Both types of variability may have a significant impact on egg quality, particularly on the amount of reserves available to larvae affecting their resistance to starvation, and the appropriate FA composition required for normal growth.
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29
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Pérez MJ, Rodríguez C, Cejas JR, Martín MV, Jerez S, Lorenzo A. Lipid and fatty acid content in wild white seabream (Diplodus sargus) broodstock at different stages of the reproductive cycle. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2007; 146:187-96. [PMID: 17157047 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2006.10.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2006] [Revised: 10/11/2006] [Accepted: 10/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The lipid and fatty acid content of the gonads, liver and muscle of wild white seabream males and females was studied at different stages of the reproductive cycle. Samples were taken from mature white seabream at pre-spawning (November), mid-spawning (March) and post-spawning (June) stages. The results showed that lipid accumulates in gonads and muscle from November to March. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) was also increased during this period. Male gonads showed a greater increase in polar lipid (PL) than neutral (NL), while female gonads displayed the reverse. The increase in both neutral and polar lipid was higher in the muscle of males than in females. In the same period, male livers showed no changes either in lipid content or the hepatosomatic index (HSI), while female livers registered an increase in both lipid content and HSI. Between March and June, in both males and females, total, neutral and polar lipid decreased sharply in the gonads and muscle. Muscular lipid content reduction was more pronounced in males than females. On the other hand, the lipid content of the liver in males and females remained relatively constant. In general terms, the amounts of major fatty acids (16:0, 18:1n-9, 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3) in gonadal and muscular polar and neutral lipid in both males and females increased from November to March and declined thereafter. Variations of the liver fatty acid content were less extreme. In the period from mid-spawning to post-spawning, the presence of 20:4n-6 in polar and neutral lipid increased to a notable extent in all organs studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Pérez
- Dpto de Biología Animal (UDI Fisiología), Fac de Biología, Univ de La Laguna, 38206 S/C de Tenerife, Spain
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30
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Smith RW, Ottema C. Growth, oxygen consumption, and protein and RNA synthesis rates in the yolk sac larvae of the African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2006; 143:315-25. [PMID: 16426879 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2005.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2005] [Revised: 11/30/2005] [Accepted: 12/01/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Rapidly growing African catfish yolk sac larvae were investigated during the first 22 h after hatching. Body compartment protein concentration increased fourfold yet oxygen consumption remained constant (mean=21.3 +/- 3.2 nmol O2 mg(-1) protein h(-1)), suggesting fast growth results mainly from yolk sac protein absorption. The protein synthesis rates at 1-2 and 5-6 h also equaled the highest conceivable rates of muscle protein synthesis; 11.6-11.9% and 7.4-7.9% day(-1), respectively. Therefore the corresponding energetic costs of protein synthesis were almost the theoretical minimum; 13.0 +/- 1.7-16.3 +/- 2.8 micromol O2 mg(-1) protein synthesised. Total protein synthesis expenditure (74.5-77.7 micromol O2 g(-1) protein h(-1)) was also less than other yolk sac larvae. These protein synthesis rates resulted from high RNA concentrations (113.2 +/- 3.4 microg RNA mg(-1) protein) and were also correlated with RNA translational efficiency. High translational efficiency (1 h; 1.2+/-0.1 mg protein synthesised microg(-1) RNA day(-1)) equaled high synthesis rate (36.8 +/- 5.4 microg RNA microg(-1) DNA day(-1)) and both declined over 22 h. This investigation suggests rapid growth combines growth efficiency and compensatory energy partitioning. This accommodates the ontogenetic and phylogenetic standpoints imposed by energy budget limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard W Smith
- Department of Zoology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom.
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