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Lourenço L, Ellegaard Bager S, Ng DYK, Sheikh S, Lunding Kindtler N, Broman Nielsen I, Guldberg Frøslev T, Ekelund F. DNA metabarcoding reveals the impact of Cu 2+ on soil cercozoan diversity. Protist 2024; 175:126016. [PMID: 38350284 DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2024.126016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Although copper (Cu2+) is a micronutrient, the metal may be toxic if present in high concentrations in soil ecosystems and subsequently affect various organisms, ranging from microorganisms to earthworms. We performed a microcosm study with an array of Cu2+ concentrations, with a specific focus on Cercozoa, an important protozoan group in most soil food webs. Research on Cercozoa is still scarce in terms of both diversity and ecology; hence, to explore this group in more depth, we used high-throughput sequencing to detect Cu2+ induced community changes. Increased levels of Cu2+ caused a shift in the cercozoan community, and we observed decreased cercozoan relative abundance across the majority of orders, families and genera. Due to their key role in soil food webs, especially as bacterial predators and providers of nutrients to plants, the reduction of cercozoan abundance and diversity may seriously affect soil functionality. Our results indicate that the increase of Cu2+ concentrations in the soil could potentially have this effect and the consequences need exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Lourenço
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Sara Ellegaard Bager
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Duncan Y K Ng
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Sanea Sheikh
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Nikolaj Lunding Kindtler
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Ida Broman Nielsen
- Section for Evolutionary Genomics, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Tobias Guldberg Frøslev
- Section for Geogenetics, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Flemming Ekelund
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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Chen Y, Zhou L, Yu Q, Li E, Xie J. Effects of Sulfamethoxazole and Florfenicol on Growth, Antioxidant Capacity, Immune Responses and Intestinal Microbiota in Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei at Low Salinity. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12030575. [PMID: 36978441 PMCID: PMC10044552 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12030575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic residue may pose a serious risk to aquaculture, and the culture of Litopenaeus vannamei in a low-salinity environment is a growing trend over the world. Here, we aimed to understand the combined effect of low salinity and sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) and florfenicol (FLO) antibiotics on L. vannamei. The growth performance, immune functions, antioxidant capacity and intestinal microbiota were investigated. Compared with the control group, the weight gain and survival rate significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in shrimp after they were exposed to low-salinity (salinity 3) water and the mixture of antibiotics and low-salt conditions for 28 days. The antioxidant activities of SOD and T-AOC, shown at low salinity and in the higher concentration of the SMZ treatment group (SMZH), were significantly decreased, while the GST activity was significantly increased in each treatment group in comparison with the control group. The expression of immune-related genes, including TOLL, LvIMD, PPO and HSP, in the low concentration of the SMZ treatment group (SMZL) was higher than that in the other groups. The diversity of intestine microbiota was disturbed with a lower Shannon index in the low-salinity and SMZH groups, and a higher Simpson index in the SMZH group. Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes were the dominant phyla in the gut of L. vannamei. At the genus level, Microbacterium, Shewanella, Aeromonas, Acinetobacter, Gemmobacter, Paracoccus and Lysobacter were significantly decreased in the low-salinity group. However, the abundance of opportunistic pathogens belonging to the genus Aeromonas in the FLO group was increased. The predicted microbe-mediated functions showed that the pathway for “amino acid metabolism” and “replication and repair” was significantly inhibited in both the low-salinity and antibiotic-exposed groups. All the findings in this study indicate that the combined effect of antibiotics and low salinity on L. vannamei negatively impacted the physiological and intestinal microbiota functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunsong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, 58 Renmin Road, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, 58 Renmin Road, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Qiuran Yu
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Erchao Li
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Correspondence: (E.L.); (J.X.)
| | - Jia Xie
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, 58 Renmin Road, Haikou 570228, China
- Correspondence: (E.L.); (J.X.)
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Yang R, Sun W, Guo L, Li B, Wang Q, Huang D, Gao W, Xu R, Li Y. Response of soil protists to antimony and arsenic contamination. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 315:120387. [PMID: 36223853 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms can mediate antimony (Sb) and arsenic (As) transformation and thus change their mobility and toxicity. Having similar geochemical behavior, Sb and As are generally considered to exert similar environmental pressure on microbiome. However, it needs further validation, especially for protists. In this study, the responses of protistan communities to Sb and As were investigated by collecting soils from Xikuangshan Sb mine and Shimen As mine in China. Antimony and As contamination taxonomically and functionally (consumer and phototroph) changed the alpha and beta diversities of protistan communities, but exerted different impacts on the parasitic community. Based on multiple statistical tools, As contamination had a greater impact on protistan communities than Sb. The ecological networks of highly contaminated sites were less complex but highly positively connected compared to less contaminated sites. High As contamination raised the ratio of consumers and decreased the ratio of phototrophs in ecological networks, while the opposite tendency was observed in Sb contaminated soils. High Sb and As contamination enriched different keystone taxa resistant to Sb and As. These results demonstrate that protistan community respond differently to Sb and As.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Guangdong Institute of Eco-environmental Science & Technology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, PR China
| | - Weimin Sun
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Guangdong Institute of Eco-environmental Science & Technology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, PR China
| | - Lifang Guo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Guangdong Institute of Eco-environmental Science & Technology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, PR China
| | - Baoqin Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Guangdong Institute of Eco-environmental Science & Technology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, PR China
| | - Qi Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Guangdong Institute of Eco-environmental Science & Technology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, PR China
| | - Duanyi Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Guangdong Institute of Eco-environmental Science & Technology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, PR China
| | - Wenlong Gao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Guangdong Institute of Eco-environmental Science & Technology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, PR China; Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Eco-Circular Agriculture, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, PR China; Hainan Danzhou Tropical Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Danzhou, 571737, PR China
| | - Rui Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Guangdong Institute of Eco-environmental Science & Technology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, PR China; Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, PR China
| | - Yongbin Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Guangdong Institute of Eco-environmental Science & Technology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, PR China.
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Establishing a High-Throughput Locomotion Tracking Method for Multiple Biological Assessments in Tetrahymena. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152326. [PMID: 35954170 PMCID: PMC9367449 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Protozoa are eukaryotic, unicellular microorganisms that have an important ecological role, are easy to handle, and grow rapidly, which makes them suitable for ecotoxicity assessment. Previous methods for locomotion tracking in protozoa are largely based on software with the drawback of high cost and/or low operation throughput. This study aimed to develop an automated pipeline to measure the locomotion activity of the ciliated protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila using a machine learning-based software, TRex, to conduct tracking. Behavioral endpoints, including the total distance, velocity, burst movement, angular velocity, meandering, and rotation movement, were derived from the coordinates of individual cells. To validate the utility, we measured the locomotor activity in either the knockout mutant of the dynein subunit DYH7 or under starvation. Significant reduction of locomotion and alteration of behavior was detected in either the dynein mutant or in the starvation condition. We also analyzed how Tetrahymena locomotion was affected by the exposure to copper sulfate and showed that our method indeed can be used to conduct a toxicity assessment in a high-throughput manner. Finally, we performed a principal component analysis and hierarchy clustering to demonstrate that our analysis could potentially differentiate altered behaviors affected by different factors. Taken together, this study offers a robust methodology for Tetrahymena locomotion tracking in a high-throughput manner for the first time.
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Shim I, Kim W, Kim H, Lim YM, Shin H, Park KS, Yu SM, Kim YH, Sung HK, Eom IC, Kim P, Yu SD. Comparative Cytotoxicity Study of PM2.5 and TSP Collected from Urban Areas. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9070167. [PMID: 34357910 PMCID: PMC8309706 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9070167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Ambient particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) and total suspended particles (TSPs) are common airborne pollutants that cause respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. We investigated the differences of cytotoxicity and mechanism between PM2.5 and TSP activity in human alveolar epithelial A549 cells. Atmospheric samples from the central district of Seoul were collected and their chemical compositions were analyzed by inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry and ion chromatography. PM2.5 and TSP contained high concentrations of heavy metals (Cu, Fe, Zn, and Pb). The most abundant ions in PM2.5 were SO42-, NH4+, and NO3-. A549 cells were exposed to PM2.5 and TSP (25-200 µg/mL) for 24 h. TSP was more cytotoxic than PM2.5 per unit mass. PM2.5 induced oxidative stress, as evidenced by increased levels of a glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier, whereas low-concentration TSP increased hemeoxygenase-1 levels. PM2.5 and TSP did not affect c-Jun N-terminal kinase expression. The levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in PM2.5- and TSP-treated cells decreased significantly in the cytosol and increased in the nucleus. Thus, Nrf2 may be a key transcription factor for detoxifying environmental airborne particles in A549 cells. TSP and PM2.5 could activate the protective Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1/Nrf2 pathway in A549 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilseob Shim
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 404-708, Korea; (W.K.); (H.K.); (Y.-M.L.); (K.S.P.); (S.M.Y.); (Y.H.K.); (H.K.S.); (I.-C.E.); (P.K.); (S.-D.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-032-560-8474
| | - Woong Kim
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 404-708, Korea; (W.K.); (H.K.); (Y.-M.L.); (K.S.P.); (S.M.Y.); (Y.H.K.); (H.K.S.); (I.-C.E.); (P.K.); (S.-D.Y.)
| | - Haewon Kim
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 404-708, Korea; (W.K.); (H.K.); (Y.-M.L.); (K.S.P.); (S.M.Y.); (Y.H.K.); (H.K.S.); (I.-C.E.); (P.K.); (S.-D.Y.)
| | - Yeon-Mi Lim
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 404-708, Korea; (W.K.); (H.K.); (Y.-M.L.); (K.S.P.); (S.M.Y.); (Y.H.K.); (H.K.S.); (I.-C.E.); (P.K.); (S.-D.Y.)
| | - Hyejung Shin
- Climate and Air Quality Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 404-708, Korea;
| | - Kwang Su Park
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 404-708, Korea; (W.K.); (H.K.); (Y.-M.L.); (K.S.P.); (S.M.Y.); (Y.H.K.); (H.K.S.); (I.-C.E.); (P.K.); (S.-D.Y.)
| | - Seok Min Yu
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 404-708, Korea; (W.K.); (H.K.); (Y.-M.L.); (K.S.P.); (S.M.Y.); (Y.H.K.); (H.K.S.); (I.-C.E.); (P.K.); (S.-D.Y.)
| | - Young Hee Kim
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 404-708, Korea; (W.K.); (H.K.); (Y.-M.L.); (K.S.P.); (S.M.Y.); (Y.H.K.); (H.K.S.); (I.-C.E.); (P.K.); (S.-D.Y.)
| | - Hwa Kyung Sung
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 404-708, Korea; (W.K.); (H.K.); (Y.-M.L.); (K.S.P.); (S.M.Y.); (Y.H.K.); (H.K.S.); (I.-C.E.); (P.K.); (S.-D.Y.)
| | - Ig-Chun Eom
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 404-708, Korea; (W.K.); (H.K.); (Y.-M.L.); (K.S.P.); (S.M.Y.); (Y.H.K.); (H.K.S.); (I.-C.E.); (P.K.); (S.-D.Y.)
| | - Pilje Kim
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 404-708, Korea; (W.K.); (H.K.); (Y.-M.L.); (K.S.P.); (S.M.Y.); (Y.H.K.); (H.K.S.); (I.-C.E.); (P.K.); (S.-D.Y.)
| | - Seung-Do Yu
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 404-708, Korea; (W.K.); (H.K.); (Y.-M.L.); (K.S.P.); (S.M.Y.); (Y.H.K.); (H.K.S.); (I.-C.E.); (P.K.); (S.-D.Y.)
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Kastrati G, Paçarizi M, Sopaj F, Tašev K, Stafilov T, Mustafa MK. Investigation of Concentration and Distribution of Elements in Three Environmental Compartments in the Region of Mitrovica, Kosovo: Soil, Honey and Bee Pollen. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18052269. [PMID: 33668873 PMCID: PMC7956507 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The abundances of selected elements in different environmental compartments, namely soil, honey, and bee pollen, was determined in this study. For that purpose, sixteen soil and honey samples, and nine pollen samples were taken in the region of Mitrovica, Kosovo. The concentration of elements was measured by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Pollution level concentrations of Pb, Zn, As, and Cd were observed in soil. The level of soil pollution was estimated by calculating pollution indices. Pb was also observed at high concentrations in honey, as was Cd and Pb in pollen. Pearson’s correlation coefficients revealed mostly weak and moderate correlations of the concentrations of the eight selected elements among the soil, honey, and pollen samples. Several groups of elements with geogenic and anthropogenic origin were identified by hierarchical cluster analysis. The concentrations of selected heavy metals for soil and honey were compared to those in neighboring countries, and those for pollen with samples from Turkey, Serbia, and Jordan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Granit Kastrati
- Faculty of Agribusiness, University of Peja “Haxhi Zeka”, Street, UҪK, 30000 Pejë, Kosovo;
| | - Musaj Paçarizi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Prishtina, Mother Teresa 5, 10000 Prishtina, Kosovo;
- Correspondence:
| | - Flamur Sopaj
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Prishtina, Mother Teresa 5, 10000 Prishtina, Kosovo;
| | - Krste Tašev
- State Phytosanitary Laboratory, Bul. Aleksandar Makedonski bb, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia;
| | - Trajče Stafilov
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Arhimedova 5, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia;
| | - Mihone Kerolli Mustafa
- Department of Environmental Management, International Business College Mitrovica, Bislim Bajgora nn, 40000 Mitrovica, Kosovo;
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Thatipaka SDR, Paila RV, Polaki S. Copper-induced oxidative stress and biomarkers in the postlarvae of Penaeus indicus. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:29612-29622. [PMID: 32440880 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08876-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present research is to study the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and protein carbonyl (PC) and the functional protein levels of metallothioneins (MT) in Penaeus indicus postlarvae (PL) upon sublethal copper exposure and to determine the biomarkers. The PL were exposed to sublethal copper of 0.164 ppm. The experiments were carried out in the laboratory over a period of 30 days with sampling intervals of 24, 48, and 96 h and 10, 20, and 30 days. The present study confirms that high oxidative stress can be induced from 24 h onwards upon sublethal exposure to copper in P. indicus PL. This is evident from the increasing levels of ROS in the exposed PL during both short-term and long-term exposures to sublethal copper. Since variability in metallothionein levels from 24 h through 30 days of experimental period was observed, metallothioneins cannot be regarded as a good biomarker as far as copper toxicity with respect to P. indicus PL is concerned. The effect of copper on protein carbonyl seems to be very rapid and consistent. The results suggest that protein carbonyl in P. indicus PL is significantly induced in a time-dependent manner upon copper exposure even at sublethal dose, and it seems reasonable to support that protein carbonyl could be used as a biomarker to copper toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel David Raj Thatipaka
- Centre for Research, Dr. V.S. Krishna Government Degree College (A), Maddilapalem, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, 530013, India.
| | - Rupa Vani Paila
- Centre for Research, Dr. V.S. Krishna Government Degree College (A), Maddilapalem, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, 530013, India
| | - Suman Polaki
- Centre for Research, Dr. V.S. Krishna Government Degree College (A), Maddilapalem, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, 530013, India
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Maurya R, Dubey K, Singh D, Jain AK, Pandey AK. Effect of difenoconazole fungicide on physiological responses and ultrastructural modifications in model organism Tetrahymena pyriformis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 182:109375. [PMID: 31299474 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The continuous and extensive use of pesticides, particularly in the field of agriculture, leads to contamination of all ecosystems (water, soil, and atmosphere). Among pesticides, fungicides constitute a larger group whose impact on the environment are still poorly studied. Difenoconazole belongs to triazole group of fungicides having high photochemical stability and have low biodegradability, which makes them persistent in water bodies. The present study focuses on the physiological and cytotoxic impact of difenoconazole fungicide on ciliated protozoa, Tetrahymena pyriformis with reference to growth, morphology, behaviour and its generation time. Morphological studies showed changes in the shape and size of T. pyriformis. Our result showed an inhibitory effect on population growth of T. pyriformis and the IC50 concentration was found to be 6.8 μg mL-1.The numbers of generations decreased and generation time was found to be extended in a concentration and time dependent manner. Difenoconazole caused significant depletion in phagocytic activity and also ultra-structural changes were observed by Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. The results indicate that the Tetrahymena toxicity assay could be used as a complementary system to rapidly elucidate the cytotoxic potential of fungicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renuka Maurya
- CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan,31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kavita Dubey
- CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan,31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Divya Singh
- CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan,31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhishek Kumar Jain
- CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan,31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Alok Kumar Pandey
- CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan,31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Tan SW, Chen PJ, Sun YS, Chou SE, Lin FY, Lo KY. Establishing a quick screening method by using a microfluidic chip to evaluate cytotoxicity of metal contaminants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 651:1058-1066. [PMID: 30266051 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Due to rapid industrialization and urbanization, the environment is exposed to many chemicals from natural or anthropogenic sources. The contaminants impact eco-system and human health via food chain. Animals, including humans, are likely to accumulate contaminants in their bodies from direct exposure or feeding behavior, resulting in toxicity. Therefore, evaluation of the toxicity of contaminants is an important issue. Metals are highly toxic but the toxicity depends on many factors, including the valance and the complex form of metals, the organic matter level in the environment, the reducing/oxidizing condition of the environment, and etc. Since the level of metal amount does not directly correlate to bioavailability, cell culture is usually used for toxicity evaluation. In this study, a microfluidic chip was developed to evaluate the cell toxicity from exposure to metals, copper and thallium. Compared to traditional cytotoxicity assay using static state culture with tetrazolium reagent, this microfluidic chip can generate various shear stresses by changing geometry of culture areas or flow rate. Enhancement of shear stresses could increase cell sensitivity toward metal exposure. Therefore, this platform provides a more sensitive platform for quantitative analysis of cell toxicity and could be applied to evaluate toxicity from environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Wei Tan
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jen Chen
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Shin Sun
- Department of Physics, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan
| | - Shih-En Chou
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Fong-Yi Lin
- Department of Physics, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Yin Lo
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
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Tu XH, Zhuo YL, Jiang XY, Liu HL, Cao Y, Liu S. Molecular Characterization of a Mitochondrial Manganese Superoxide Dismutase From Chilo suppressalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 111:2391-2400. [PMID: 29939281 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toy180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In insects, superoxide dismutases (SODs) play a critical role in the scavenging of harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS) and protecting against oxidative stress induced by various environmental stresses. The Asiatic rice borer, Chilo suppressalis (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), is an economically important insect pest of rice crops. In this study, a mitochondrial manganese SOD (Cs-mMnSOD) gene was characterized in C. suppressalis. The deduced Cs-mMnSOD protein has typical highly conserved features of mitochondrial manganese SODs, including four manganese binding residues, the signature DVWEHAYY peptide, and a mitochondrial-targeting sequence at the N-terminus. Transcription of Cs-mMnSOD was detectable at all developmental stages, but highest in pupae. Furthermore, the mRNA level of Cs-mMnSOD was strongly upregulated (more than twofold increase) following exposure to low and high temperatures (4, 30 and 35°C), insecticides (chlorpyrifos and chlorantraniliprole), and chemical reagents (cumene hydroperoxide, paraquat, H2O2 and CdCl2), but slightly elevated (less than twofold increase) in response to 8°C, abamectin and CuSO4. Additionally, the Cs-mMnSOD transcription results were consistent with the enzymatic activity data of the protein product. Purified recombinant Cs-mMnSOD protein expressed in Escherichia coli displayed SOD activity and thermostability. Furthermore, E. coli cells overexpressing Cs-mMnSOD exhibited long-term resistance to the oxidative inducers cumene hydroperoxide and paraquat. Our findings indicate that Cs-mMnSOD plays an important role in protecting C. suppressalis against oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Tu
- College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yu-Li Zhuo
- College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiu-Yun Jiang
- College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hong-Li Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ye Cao
- College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Su Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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11
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Song W, Wang X, Chen Z, Sheng G, Hayat T, Wang X, Sun Y. Enhanced immobilization of U(VI) on Mucor circinelloides in presence of As(V): Batch and XAFS investigation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 237:228-236. [PMID: 29486456 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.02.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The combined pollution of radionuclides and heavy metals has been given rise to widespread concern during uranium mining. The influence of As(V) on U(VI) immobilization by Mucor circinelloides (M. circinelloides) was investigated using batch experiments. The activity of antioxidative enzymes and concentrations of thiol compounds and organic acid in M. circinelloides increased to respond to different U(VI) and As(V) stress. The morphological structure of M. circinelloides changed obviously under U(VI) and As(V) stress by SEM and TEM analysis. The results of XANES and EXAFS analysis showed that U(VI) was mainly reduced to nano-uraninite (nano-UO2, 30.1%) in U400, while only 9.7% of nano-UO2 was observed in the presence of As(V) in U400-As400 due to the formation of uranyl arsenate precipitate (Trögerite, 48.6%). These observations will provide the fundamental data for fungal remediation of uranium and heavy metals in uranium-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencheng Song
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics Technology and Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Sciences and Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, PR China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Xiangxue Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Zhongshan Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Guodong Sheng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, PR China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang 312000, PR China
| | - Tasawar Hayat
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions and School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Xiangke Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions and School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, PR China; NAAM Research Group, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yubing Sun
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, PR China.
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12
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Nowicki CJ, Kashian DR. Comparison of lipid peroxidation and catalase response in invasive dreissenid mussels exposed to single and multiple stressors. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2018; 37:1643-1654. [PMID: 29442361 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Dreissenid mussels Dreissena bugensis (quagga mussel) and Dreissena polymorpha (zebra mussel) are prolific invasive species to the freshwaters of the United States and Western Europe. In the Great Lakes, D. polymorpha has initially dominated the system since its invasion in the mid-1980s; however, recently D. bugensis has displaced D. polymorpha as the dominant species. Dreissena bugensis has several competitive advantages over D. polymorpha, including greater tolerances to deeper and colder waters and lower respiration rates. Nevertheless, physiological differences between the species remain largely unknown. The oxidative stress response is a mechanism used by all organisms to mitigate environmental stress by reducing oxygen radicals in the body, and comparing this mechanism between similar species can be useful for understanding how different species compete in aquatic environments. We compared oxidative stress biomarkers (lipid peroxidation [LPO] and catalase [CAT] activity) in mussels after exposure to 4 stressors (i.e., high densities, temperature, hypoxia, and polychlorinated biphenyls [PCBs]) independently and in combinations of 2 stressors. Overall, D. bugensis had lower LPO and CAT activity than D. polymorpha when exposed to single stressors; however, in multiple stressor treatments D. bugensis had increased LPO, especially with high temperatures and PCBs. The lower lipid damage in D. bugensis compared with D. polymorpha under single stressor conditions may come at the cost of the ability to respond to multiple stressors. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:1643-1654. © 2018 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly J Nowicki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Donna R Kashian
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Kim BM, Rhee JS, Choi IY, Lee YM. Transcriptional profiling of antioxidant defense system and heat shock protein (Hsp) families in the cadmium- and copper-exposed marine ciliate Euplotes crassu. Genes Genomics 2017; 40:85-98. [PMID: 29892903 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-017-0611-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To understand the transcriptional response of antioxidant defense system and heat shock protein (Hsp) families of the marine ciliate Euplotes crassus, we analyzed the transcriptome profile using RNA-seq technology after exposure to cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu). De novo sequence assembly produced 61,240 unigenes with 21,330 BLAST hits and showed high sequence orthology with transcriptomes of other ciliates. Gene annotation and gene ontology (GO) comparison revealed that E. crassus expressed highly diversified but conserved stress-responsive gene families of the antioxidant defense system and Hsps. After waterborne exposure to 250 μg/L of Cd and 25 μg/L of Cu, transcriptional responses of the gene families were significantly modulated, suggesting that even the unicellular E. crassus has a conserved molecular defense mechanism, such as modulating mRNA expression, for homeostasis. These transcriptional responses make E. crassus a potential model for understanding the molecular response of single cell ciliates to heavy metal contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Mi Kim
- Unit of Polar Genomics, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Rhee
- Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Young Choi
- Department of Agriculture and Life Industry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Mi Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Sangmyung University, Seoul, 03016, Republic of Korea.
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Gilbert BM, Avenant-Oldewage A. Trace element and metal sequestration in vitellaria and sclerites, and reactive oxygen intermediates in a freshwater monogenean, Paradiplozoon ichthyoxanthon. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177558. [PMID: 28498876 PMCID: PMC5428946 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to metals and other trace elements negatively affects infection dynamics of monogeneans, including diplozoids, but, physiological mechanisms linked to exposure have yet to be documented. In this study sequestration of trace elements and reactive oxygen intermediate production in the monogenean, Paradiplozoon ichthyoxanthon, was demonstrated. During dissection of host fish, Labeobarbus aeneus, the gills were excised and assessed for P. ichthyoxanthon, which were removed and frozen for fluorescence microscopy or fixed for transmission electron microscopy. Trace elements were sequestered in the vitellaria and sclerites in P. ichthyoxanthon, and the presence of reactive oxygen intermediates was observed predominantly in the tegument of the parasite. Trace elements and metals identified and ranked according to weight percentages (wt%) in the vitellaria were Cu > C > Au > O > Cr > Fe > Si while for the sclerites C > Cu > O > Au > Fe > Cr > Si were identified. For most element detected, readings were higher in the vitellaria than the sclerites, except for C and O which were higher in sclerites. Specifically for metals, all levels detected in the vitellaria were greater than in sclerites. Based on the proportion of trace elements present in the vitellaria and sclerites it appears that most trace elements including metals were sequestered in the vitellaria. The results of reactive oxygen intermediate production in the tegument of the parasite suggests either trace element accumulation takes place across the tegument or results from the action of the host's immune response on the parasite. The results serve as the first demonstration of trace element sequestration and reactive oxygen intermediates in a freshwater monogenean parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beric M. Gilbert
- Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
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Sun G, Li Z, Liu T, Chen J, Wu T, Feng X. Metal Exposure and Associated Health Risk to Human Beings by Street Dust in a Heavily Industrialized City of Hunan Province, Central China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:E261. [PMID: 28273826 PMCID: PMC5369097 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14030261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fifty-five urban street dust samples were collected from Zhuzhou, an industrial city in central China and analyzed for a range of toxic elements. Potential carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health effects on children and adults due to exposure to street dust were assessed. Concerning the two subgroups, the child cohort is confronted with considerably greater health risks than adults. According to the Hazard Quotient (HQ) method, ingestion of dust particles poses primary risk to children and adults, followed by dermal contact and inhalation for all of the metals investigated except Hg, for which inhalation of its elemental vapor constitute a slightly higher risk than ingestion. For children, Pb, As, Cd, Cr, Hg and Sb exposure were deemed as the highest contributors to non-cancer health risks, while As and Cr represent an enhanced cancer risk for children. For adults, risk indicator values for both cancer and non-cancer effects obtained were within the safety threshold. In a comparison with other locations within and outside mainland China, exposure to arsenic is prominent for the population of Zhuzhou, indicating more attention and preventive actions should been taken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Zhonggen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China.
| | - Ting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Ji Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China.
- Guizhou Provincial Laboratory for Mountainous Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China.
| | - Tingting Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China.
- Key Laboratory of Karst Environment and Geohazard Prevention, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550003, China.
| | - Xinbin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China.
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16
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Stress and Protists: No life without stress. Eur J Protistol 2016; 55:39-49. [PMID: 27365178 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We report a summary of the symposium "Stress and Protists: No life without stress", which was held in September 2015 on the VII European Congress of Protistology in partnership with the International Society of Protistologists (Seville, Spain). We present an overview on general comments and concepts on cellular stress which can be also applied to any protist. Generally, various environmental stressors may induce similar cell responses in very different protists. Two main topics are reported in this manuscript: (i) metallic nanoparticles as environmental pollutants and stressors for aquatic protists, and (ii) ultraviolet radiation - induced stress and photoprotective strategies in ciliates. Model protists such as Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Tetrahymena thermophila were used to assess stress caused by nanoparticles while stress caused by ultraviolet radiation was tested with free living planktonic ciliates as well as with the symbiont-bearing model ciliate Paramecium bursaria. For future studies, we suggest more intensive analyses on protist stress responses to specific environmental abiotic and/or biotic stressors at molecular and genetic levels up to ecological consequences and food web dynamics.
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17
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Yazdani M, Paulsen RE, Gjøen T, Hylland K. Reactive oxygen species and cytotoxicity in rainbow trout hepatocytes: effects of medium and incubation time. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2015; 94:193-198. [PMID: 25432295 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-014-1433-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of exposure medium and culture age on intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) development and cytotoxicity in fish hepatocytes following exposure to copper (Cu). ROS was quantified using the fluorescent probes DHR 123 and CM-H2DCFDA following exposure to Cu in Leibovitz' medium (L-15) or Tris-buffered saline (TBS). Similarly, culture age effects were investigated using 1-, 2- and 4-day-old cultured hepatocytes by exposing them to Cu in TBS. The exposure in L-15 resulted in significantly higher ROS compared to TBS using CM-H2DCFDA, but not DHR 123. The age of the primary cultures significantly affected the development of ROS for both probes. None of the exposures caused cytotoxicity in the hepatocytes. The results showed that both factors may affect responses to stressors, and suggested that the use of a simple medium such as TBS may be preferable for some applications. It is also preferable to use 1-day-old primary hepatocyte cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazyar Yazdani
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindern, P.O. Box 1066, N-0316, Oslo, Norway,
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18
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The assessment of cholinesterase from the liver of Puntius javanicus as detection of metal ions. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:571094. [PMID: 25401148 PMCID: PMC4225846 DOI: 10.1155/2014/571094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Crude extract of ChE from the liver of Puntius javanicus was purified using procainamide-sepharyl 6B. S-Butyrylthiocholine iodide (BTC) was selected as the specific synthetic substrate for this assay with the highest maximal velocity and lowest biomolecular constant at 53.49 µmole/min/mg and 0.23 mM, respectively, with catalytic efficiency ratio of 0.23. The optimum parameter was obtained at pH 7.5 and optimal temperature in the range of 25 to 30°C. The effect of different storage condition was assessed where ChE activity was significantly decreased after 9 days of storage at room temperature. However, ChE activity showed no significant difference when stored at 4.0, 0, and −25°C for 15 days. Screening of heavy metals shows that chromium, copper, and mercury strongly inhibited P. javanicus ChE by lowering the activity below 50%, while several pairwise combination of metal ions exhibited synergistic inhibiting effects on the enzyme which is greater than single exposure especially chromium, copper, and mercury. The results showed that P. javanicus ChE has the potential to be used as a biosensor for the detection of metal ions.
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Zhu XN, Chen LP, Bai Q, Ma L, Li DC, Zhang JM, Gao C, Lei ZN, Zhang ZB, Xing XM, Liu CX, He ZN, Li J, Xiao YM, Zhang AH, Zeng XW, Chen W. PP2A-AMPKα-HSF1 axis regulates the metal-inducible expression of HSPs and ROS clearance. Cell Signal 2014; 26:825-32. [PMID: 24412756 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Metals such as cadmium and arsenic are ubiquitous toxicants that cause a variety of adverse health effects. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) response to metal-induced stress and protect cells from further damage. However, the intracellular signalling pathways responsible for activation of HSPs expression are not fully understood. Here, we demonstrate that protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) regulates expression of HSP70 and HSP27 via dephosphorylation of an AMP-activated protein kinase α subunit (AMPKα) at Thr172. Dephosphorylated AMPKα phosphorylates heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) at Ser303, leading to significant transcriptional suppression of HSP70 and HSP27 in CdCl2- or NaAsO2-treated cells. Suppression of PP2A regulatory B56δ subunit resulted in the sustained phosphorylation of AMPKα upon CdCl2 treatment, subsequent reduction in expression of HSP70 and HSP27, and thereby dramatic reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) clearance. We further revealed that PP2A B56δ physically interacted with AMPKα, providing evidence that PP2A B56δ-AMPKα-HSF1 signalling pathway participated in regulating the inducible expression of HSPs and ROS clearance. Taken together, we identified a novel PP2A-dependent signalling pathway involved in regulation of HSPs expression in response to metal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-nian Zhu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Li-ping Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qing Bai
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Lu Ma
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Dao-chuan Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jin-miao Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Chen Gao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zi-ning Lei
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zheng-bao Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiu-mei Xing
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Cai-xia Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhi-ni He
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yong-mei Xiao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ai-hua Zhang
- School of Public Health, Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Xiao-wen Zeng
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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Bengtson P, Bastviken D, Oberg G. Possible roles of reactive chlorine II: assessing biotic chlorination as a way for organisms to handle oxygen stress. Environ Microbiol 2012; 15:991-1000. [PMID: 22712445 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2012.02807.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Natural formation of organically bound chlorine is extensive in many environments. The enzymes associated with the formation of chlorinated organic matter are produced by a large variety of organisms. Little is known about the ecological role of the process, the key question being: why do microorganisms promote chlorination of organic matter? In a recent paper we discuss whether organic matter chlorination may be a result of antagonistic interactions among microorganisms. In the present paper we evaluate whether extracellular microbial formation of reactive chlorine may be used as a defence against oxygen stress, and we discuss whether this process is likely to contribute to the formation of chlorinated organic matter. Our analysis suggests that periodic exposure to elevated concentrations of reactive oxygen species is a common denominator among the multitude of organisms that are able to enzymatically catalyse formation of reactive chlorine. There is also some evidence suggesting that the production of such enzymes in algae and bacteria is induced by oxygen stress. The relative contribution from this process to the extensive formation of chlorinated organic matter in natural environments remains to be empirically assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Bengtson
- Department of Biology - Microbial Ecology, Lund University, The Ecology Building, Lund SE-223 62, Sweden
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Proia L, Cassió F, Pascoal C, Tlili A, Romaní AM. The Use of Attached Microbial Communities to Assess Ecological Risks of Pollutants in River Ecosystems: The Role of Heterotrophs. THE HANDBOOK OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-25722-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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22
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Shiga toxin as a bacterial defense against a eukaryotic predator, Tetrahymena thermophila. J Bacteriol 2009; 191:5116-22. [PMID: 19502393 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00508-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterially derived exotoxins kill eukaryotic cells by inactivating factors and/or pathways that are universally conserved among eukaryotic organisms. The genes that encode these exotoxins are commonly found in bacterial viruses (bacteriophages). In the context of mammals, these toxins cause diseases ranging from cholera to diphtheria to enterohemorrhagic diarrhea. Phage-carried exotoxin genes are widespread in the environment and are found with unexpectedly high frequency in regions lacking the presumed mammalian "targets," suggesting that mammals are not the primary targets of these exotoxins. We suggest that such exotoxins may have evolved for the purpose of bacterial antipredator defense. We show here that Tetrahymena thermophila, a bacterivorous predator, is killed when cocultured with bacteria bearing a Shiga toxin (Stx)-encoding temperate bacteriophage. In cocultures with Tetrahymena, the Stx-encoding bacteria display a growth advantage over those that do not produce Stx. Tetrahymena is also killed by purified Stx. Disruption of the gene encoding the StxB subunit or addition of an excess of the nontoxic StxB subunit substantially reduced Stx holotoxin toxicity, suggesting that this subunit mediates intake and/or trafficking of Stx by Tetrahymena. Bacterially mediated Tetrahymena killing was blocked by mutations that prevented the bacterial SOS response (recA mutations) or by enzymes that breakdown H(2)O(2) (catalase), suggesting that the production of H(2)O(2) by Tetrahymena signals its presence to the bacteria, leading to bacteriophage induction and production of Stx.
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