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Wang H, Liu B, Chen H, Xu P, Xue H, Yuan J. Dynamic changes of DNA methylation induced by benzo(a)pyrene in cancer. Genes Environ 2023; 45:21. [PMID: 37391844 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-023-00278-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), the earliest and most significant carcinogen among polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), has been found in foods, tobacco smoke, and automobiles exhaust, etc. Exposure to BaP induced DNA damage directly, or oxidative stress-related damage, resulting in cell apoptosis and carcinogenesis in human respiratory system, digestive system, reproductive system, etc. Moreover, BaP triggered genome-wide epigenetic alterations by methylation, which might cause disturbances in regulation of gene expression, and thereby induced cancer. It has been proved that BaP reduced genome-wide DNA methylation, and activated proto-oncogene by hypomethylation in the promoter region, but silenced tumor suppressor genes by promoter hypermethylation, resulting in cancer initiation and progression. Here we summarized the changes in DNA methylation in BaP exposure, and revealed the methylation of DNA plays a role in cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizeng Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010050, China
| | - Bingchun Liu
- Stem Cell Research Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010050, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010050, China
| | - Peixin Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010050, China
| | - Huiting Xue
- College of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010010, China.
| | - Jianlong Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010050, China.
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2
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Duan J, Li H, Wang Y, Ji Y, Chen C, Feng C, Zhang W. Benzo[a]pyrene and a high-fat diet induce aortic injury and promote. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 259:115011. [PMID: 37196526 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant which mainly exposed though diet. High-fat diet (HFD) can induce atherosclerosis, as can BaP. Unhealthy dietary habits lead to high intake of both BaP and lipids. However, the combined effect of BaP and HFD on atherosclerosis and lipid accumulation in the arterial wall, the initial stage of atherosclerosis, is unclear. In this study, C57BL/6 J mice were subchronically exposed to BaP and a HFD, and the mechanism of lipid accumulation was investigated in EA.hy926 and HEK293 cells. Results showed that BaP and HFD increased blood lipids and damaged aortic wall synergistically. Meanwhile, LDL enhanced the toxicity of BaP, and BaP promoted the production of reactive oxygen species and malonaldehyde in EA.hy926 cells, which aggravated LDL-induced cell injury. Moreover, BaP and HFD/LDL induced LDL accumulation in the aortic wall of C57BL/6 J mice/EA.hy926, and the mechanism was by activating AHR/ARNT heterodimer to combine with the scavenger receptor BⅠ (SR-BⅠ) and activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK1) promoter regions to transcriptional upregulate its expression, which enhanced the uptake of LDL, and promoting the production of AGEs to inhibit reverse cholesterol transport by SR-BI. BaP and lipid synergistically promoted aortic and endothelial damage, and the health risk of their combined intake should be paid attention to.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Duan
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai 519087, China; Zhuhai Branch of State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai 519087, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Institute of Biotechnology and Health, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Hong Li
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai 519087, China; Zhuhai Branch of State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai 519087, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai 519087, China; Zhuhai Branch of State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai 519087, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yongchao Ji
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai 519087, China; Zhuhai Branch of State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai 519087, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai 519087, China; Zhuhai Branch of State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai 519087, China
| | - Chengqiang Feng
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai 519087, China; Zhuhai Branch of State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai 519087, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wensheng Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai 519087, China; Zhuhai Branch of State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai 519087, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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3
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Woo SJ. Effects of benzo[a]pyrene exposure on black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii): EROD activity, CYP1A protein, and immunohistochemical and histopathological alterations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:4033-4043. [PMID: 34402013 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15949-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) is the major phase I of metabolic enzyme that plays essential roles in the detoxification of drugs and biotransformation of environmental pollutants. This study investigated CYP1A enzyme induction using EROD activity, CYP1A protein levels, and immunohistochemistry, along with histopathology of the liver, gills, kidneys, and intestine from the black rockfish, Sebastes schlegelii, exposed to benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). S. schlegelii has high risks of ingestion of sediment and absorption of heavy crude oil after accidental oil spills in Korea. This study thus exposed fish to B[a]P at 2, 20, and 200 μg/g body weight. EROD activity and CYP1A protein levels in hepatic microsomes had a positive correlation with the concentration of B[a]P (2-200 μg/g); in particular, exposure to 200 μg/g of B[a]P resulted in a 4- and 6-fold increase in hepatic EROD activity and CYP1A protein level, respectively. Hyperplasia of primary lamellar epithelium and atrophy of renal tubules were observed in the gills and kidney, respectively, following exposure to B[a]P at 200 μg/g. In contrast, severe histological alteration was not seen in intestinal tissues. Immunohistochemical analysis of the distribution of cellular CYP1A in four tissues showed strong immunostaining in the cytoplasm and nuclear membranes of the liver against B[a]P at 200 μg/g. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), such as B[a]P, cause adverse histological changes in tissues of fish and provide evidence that PAH metabolism is inducible in fish liver, leading to increased CYP1A induction. Furthermore, the CYP1A induction in specific tissues might assist in monitoring and field assessment of marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Ji Woo
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Korea.
- Pathology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, 46083, Busan, Korea.
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4
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Tarasco M, Gavaia PJ, Bensimon-Brito A, Cardeira-da-Silva J, Ramkumar S, Cordelières FP, Günther S, Bebianno MJ, Stainier DYR, Cancela ML, Laizé V. New insights into benzo[⍺]pyrene osteotoxicity in zebrafish. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 226:112838. [PMID: 34607190 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Persistent and ubiquitous organic pollutants, such as the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon benzo[⍺]pyrene (BaP), represent a major threat to aquatic organisms and human health. Beside some well-documented adverse effects on the development and reproduction of aquatic organisms, BaP was recently shown to affect fish bone formation and skeletal development through mechanisms that remain poorly understood. In this work, zebrafish bone-related in vivo assays were used to evaluate the osteotoxic effects of BaP during bone development and regeneration. Acute exposure of zebrafish larvae to BaP from 3 to 6 days post-fertilization (dpf) induced a dose-dependent reduction of the opercular bone size and a depletion of osteocalcin-positive cells, indicating an effect on osteoblast maturation. Chronic exposure of zebrafish larvae to BaP from 3 to 30 dpf affected the development of the axial skeleton and increased the incidence and severity of skeletal deformities. In young adults, BaP affected the mineralization of newly formed fin rays and scales, and impaired fin ray patterning and scale shape, through mechanisms that involve an imbalanced bone remodeling. Gene expression analyses indicated that BaP induced the activation of xenobiotic and metabolic pathways, while negatively impacting extracellular matrix formation and organization. Interestingly, BaP exposure positively regulated inflammation markers in larvae and increased the recruitment of neutrophils. A direct interaction between neutrophils and bone extracellular matrix or bone forming cells was observed in vivo, suggesting a role for neutrophils in the mechanisms underlying BaP osteotoxicity. Our work provides novel data on the cellular and molecular players involved in BaP osteotoxicity and brings new insights into a possible role for neutrophils in inflammatory bone reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Tarasco
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Paulo J Gavaia
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB) and Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Anabela Bensimon-Brito
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim, Germany; DZHK German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany; INSERM, ATIP-Avenir, Aix Marseille University, Marseille Medical Genetics, Marseille, France
| | - João Cardeira-da-Silva
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Srinath Ramkumar
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim, Germany; Department of Life Sciences, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Fabrice P Cordelières
- Bordeaux Imaging Center (BIC), UMS 3420 CNRS - Université de Bordeaux - US4 INSERM, Pôle d'imagerie photonique, Centre Broca Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France
| | - Stefan Günther
- DZHK German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bioinformatics and Deep Sequencing Platform, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Maria J Bebianno
- Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIMA), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Didier Y R Stainier
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - M Leonor Cancela
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB) and Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Vincent Laizé
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.
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Meier S, Karlsen Ø, Le Goff J, Sørensen L, Sørhus E, Pampanin DM, Donald CE, Fjelldal PG, Dunaevskaya E, Romano M, Caliani I, Casini S, Bogevik AS, Olsvik PA, Myers M, Grøsvik BE. DNA damage and health effects in juvenile haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) exposed to PAHs associated with oil-polluted sediment or produced water. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240307. [PMID: 33091018 PMCID: PMC7580938 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The research objective was to study the presence of DNA damages in haddock exposed to petrogenic or pyrogenic polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from different sources: 1) extracts of oil produced water (PW), dominated by 2-ring PAHs; 2) distillation fractions of crude oil (representing oil-based drilling mud), dominated by 3-ring PAHs; 3) heavy pyrogenic PAHs, mixture of 4/5/6-ring PAHs. The biological effect of the different PAH sources was studied by feeding juvenile haddock with low doses of PAHs (0.3-0.7 mg PAH/kg fish/day) for two months, followed by a two-months recovery. In addition to the oral exposure, a group of fish was exposed to 12 single compounds of PAHs (4/5/6-ring) via intraperitoneal injection. The main endpoint was the analysis of hepatic and intestinal DNA adducts. In addition, PAH burden in liver, bile metabolites, gene and protein expression of CYP1A, GST activity, lipid peroxidation, skeletal deformities and histopathology of livers were evaluated. Juvenile haddock responded quickly to both intraperitoneal injection and oral exposure of 4/5/6-ring PAHs. High levels of DNA adducts were detected in livers three days after the dose of the single compound exposure. Fish had also high levels of DNA adducts in liver after being fed with extracts dominated by 2-ring PAHs (a PW exposure scenario) and 3-ring PAHs (simulating an oil exposure scenario). Elevated levels of DNA adducts were observed in the liver of all exposed groups after the 2 months of recovery. High levels of DNA adduct were found also in the intestines of individuals exposed to oil or heavy PAHs, but not in the PW or control groups. This suggests that the intestinal barrier is very important for detoxification of orally exposures of PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jeremie Le Goff
- ADn’tox, Bâtiment Recherche, Centre François Baclesse, Caen, France
| | - Lisbet Sørensen
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
- SINTEF Ocean AS, Environment and New Resources, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Elin Sørhus
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Daniela M. Pampanin
- Department of Chemistry Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
- NORCE, Randaberg, Norway
| | | | | | - Evgenia Dunaevskaya
- Department of Chemistry Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Marta Romano
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Ilaria Caliani
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Silvia Casini
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - André S. Bogevik
- Nofima AS – Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries Aquaculture Research, Fyllingsdalen, Norway
| | - Pål A. Olsvik
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
- Nord Univ, Fac Biosci & Aquaculture, Bodo, Norway
| | - Mark Myers
- Myers Ecotoxicology Services, LLC, Shoreline, Washington, United States of America
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Wang H, Xia X, Liu R, Wang Z, Lin X, Muir DCG, Wang WX. Multicompartmental Toxicokinetic Modeling of Discrete Dietary and Continuous Waterborne Uptake of Two Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Zebrafish Danio rerio. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:1054-1065. [PMID: 31841317 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b05513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we developed a multicompartmental toxicokinetic model for two polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (phenanthrene and anthracene) in their deuterated form (PAHs-d10) in zebrafish considering continuous waterborne uptake and discrete dietary uptake. We quantified the bioconcentration, bioaccumulation, and depuration of these two PAHs-d10 in zebrafish, and then estimated the kinetic parameters by fitting the model into the experimental data. The experimental and fitting results both showed that there was a peak concentration in each compartment of zebrafish after every dietary uptake, while the peak value depended on the ingestion amount of the PAH-d10 and varied among different compartments. The PAH-d10 amount in the blood reached 20-27% of the total amount bioaccumulated in zebrafish at steady-state, followed by skin (20-26%), and fillet (16-22%). The rank of PAH-d10 steady-state concentrations in each compartment showed inconsistency with its lipid contents, indicating that the distribution of the PAHs-d10 in zebrafish was not merely affected by the lipid content in each compartment, but also affected by their kinetics and biotransformation. This study suggests that discrete dietary uptake caused by intermittent food ingestion significantly affects the bioaccumulation of PAHs in fish. Further studies are needed to investigate such effect on other toxicants that are more resistant to biotransformation than PAHs in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment , Beijing Normal University , Beijing , 100875 , China
| | - Xinghui Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment , Beijing Normal University , Beijing , 100875 , China
| | - Ran Liu
- Department of Mathematics , Hong Kong Baptist University , Hong Kong SWT 802 , China
| | - Zixuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment , Beijing Normal University , Beijing , 100875 , China
| | - Xiaohan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment , Beijing Normal University , Beijing , 100875 , China
| | - Derek C G Muir
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division , Environment and Climate Change Canada , Burlington , Ontario L7S 1A1 Canada
| | - Wen-Xiong Wang
- Department of Ocean Science and Hong Kong Branch of the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou) , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST) , Clear Water Bay , Kowloon , Hong Kong , China
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7
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Langan LM, Arossa S, Owen SF, Jha AN. Assessing the impact of benzo[a]pyrene with the in vitro fish gut model: An integrated approach for eco-genotoxicological studies. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2017; 826:53-64. [PMID: 29412870 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In vitro models are emerging tools for reducing reliance on traditional toxicity tests, especially in areas where information is sparse. For studies of fish, this is especially important for extrahepatic organs, such as the intestine, which, until recently, have been largely overlooked in favour of the liver or gill. Considering the importance of dietary uptake of contaminants, the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) intestine-derived cell line RTgutGC was cultured, to test its suitability as a high-throughput in vitro model. Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) is an important contaminant and a model polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH). Over 48 h exposure, a range of endpoints and xenobiotic metabolism rates were examined at three different pH levels indicative of the in vitro (pH 7.5) and in vivo mid-gut (pH 7.7) and hind-gut (pH 7.4) regions as a function of time. These endpoints included (i) cell viability: acid phosphatase (APH) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays; (ii) glucose uptake; (iii) cytochrome P450 enzyme activity: 7-ethoxyresoorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) assay; (iv) glutathione transferase (GST) activity; (v) genotoxic damage determined using the comet assay. Absence of cell viability loss, in parallel with decrease in the parent compound (B[a]P) in the medium and its subsequent increase in the cells suggested active sequestration, biotransformation, and removal of this representative PAH. With respect to genotoxic response, significant differences were observed at both the sampling times and the two highest concentrations of B[a]P. No significant differences were observed for the different pH conditions. Overall, this in vitro xenobiotic metabolism system appears to be a robust model, providing a basis for further development to evaluate metabolic and toxicological potential of contaminants without use of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Langan
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Silvia Arossa
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Stewart F Owen
- AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TF, UK
| | - Awadhesh N Jha
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK.
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de Gelder S, Sæle Ø, de Veen BTH, Vos J, Flik G, Berntssen MHG, Klaren PHM. The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons benzo[a]pyrene and phenanthrene inhibit intestinal lipase activity in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 198:1-8. [PMID: 28476648 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Elevated levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are detected in aquafeeds where fish oils are (partially) replaced by vegetable oils. The highly lipophilic PAHs solubilize readily in oil droplets and micelles in the intestinal lumen that can affect enzymatic lipid digestion by altering lipase activity. We therefore investigated the effect of two PAHs, benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and phenanthrene (PHE), on bile salt-activated lipase (BAL) activity in desalted luminal extracts of the proximal intestine of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) using the triacylglycerides rapeseed oil and fish oil as substrates. The hydrolysis of rapeseed oil and fish oil measured at a calculated substrate concentration of 2.2mM, increased linearly up to 30min at 15°C. Substrate dependency under initial velocity conditions was described by simple Michaelis-Menten kinetics with a Km value of 1.2mM for rapeseed and fish oil. Rapeseed oil hydrolysis was inhibited by 1nM BaP and 10nM PHE. The hydrolysis of fish oil was only inhibited by 10μM BaP. The in vitro lipase activity data were corroborated by TLC/HPLC analysis of the reaction products, showing that in the presence of BaP and PHE, 46-80% less free fatty acids (FFA) were hydrolysed from rapeseed and fish oil triacylglycerides. The presence of low concentrations of BaP and PHE decreased rapeseed oil hydrolysis by BAL whereas fish oil hydrolysis was not affected. The replacement of fish oil by rapeseed oil in aquafeeds introduces PAHs that could affect lipid digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan de Gelder
- Radboud University, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands; National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, P.O. Box 2029, Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Øystein Sæle
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, P.O. Box 2029, Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway
| | - Bas T H de Veen
- Radboud University, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joëlle Vos
- Radboud University, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Flik
- Radboud University, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc H G Berntssen
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, P.O. Box 2029, Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway
| | - Peter H M Klaren
- Radboud University, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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9
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de Gelder S, van Och L, Zethof J, Pelgrim TNM, Rasinger JD, Flik G, Berntssen MHG, Klaren PHM. Uptake of benzo[a]pyrene, but not of phenanthrene, is inhibited by fatty acids in intestinal brush border membrane vesicles of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 195:1-8. [PMID: 28216010 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Partial replacement of fish ingredients with vegetable ingredients has elevated levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Atlantic salmon reared on these feeds. PAH uptake in the intestinal tract is postulated to occur in association with lipid absorption and could well be affected by fatty acid composition. We therefore investigated the effects of a fish oil and vegetable oil fatty acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n-3) and oleic acid (18:1n-9) respectively, on the uptake of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and phenanthrene (PHE) across the intestinal brush border membrane in the salmonid species rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). BaP and PHE were solubilized in mixed micelles composed of either EPA or oleic acid and administrated to isolated brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) derived from the pyloric caeca, proximal intestine and distal intestine. In the absence of free fatty acids (FFA) trans-membrane uptake of BaP and PHE was 2-7 times lower than the fraction associated to or in the membrane. In the presence of FFA, trans-membrane BaP uptake had decreased by 80 and 40% at the highest EPA and oleic acid concentration, respectively, whereas PHE uptake was virtually unaffected. In the presence of BaP, but not PHE, trans-membrane EPA uptake in BBMV had decreased. This study obtained evidence for PAH-dependent interactions with FFA uptake. We conclude that intestinal BaP uptake is reduced by luminal FFA contents whereas PHE uptake is not. A large fraction of the administrated BaP and PHE remains associated with the cellular membrane of enterocytes and may interfere with uptake of nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan de Gelder
- Radboud University, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands; National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, P.O. Box 2029, Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Liselot van Och
- Radboud University, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Zethof
- Radboud University, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Thamar N M Pelgrim
- Radboud University, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Josef D Rasinger
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, P.O. Box 2029, Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway
| | - Gert Flik
- Radboud University, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc H G Berntssen
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, P.O. Box 2029, Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway
| | - Peter H M Klaren
- Radboud University, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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10
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Henríquez-Hernández LA, Montero D, Camacho M, Ginés R, Boada LD, Ramírez Bordón B, Valerón PF, Almeida-González M, Zumbado M, Haroun R, Luzardo OP. Comparative analysis of selected semi-persistent and emerging pollutants in wild-caught fish and aquaculture associated fish using Bogue (Boops boops) as sentinel species. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 581-582:199-208. [PMID: 28043704 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.12.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The marine environment acts as a sink for diverse anthropogenic pollutants, although the environmental contamination may be non-uniformly distributed. In recent decades, the aquaculture sector has experienced a steady growth postulating as a good alternative for seafood production. However, a social debate exits about the differential level of pollutants in wild and farmed species. This study was designed to evaluate the level of pollutants in a sentinel species: Bogue (Boops boops) associated and non-associated to fish-farm cages. A total of 82 chemical substances were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, including persistent (polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs)), semi-persistent (bromodiphenyl ethers (BDEs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)), and emerging pollutants (such as organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) and UV-filters). In general, aquaculture-associated bogues showed lower levels of semi-persistent and emerging pollutants than wild-caught fish, especially when sums were considered. Thus, sum of BDEs was significantly lower in the aquaculture group (p=0.01). A similar trend was also observed for benzo(a)anthracene, the UV-filter 2-ethylhexyl-p-methoxycinnamate and some OPFRs. In the case of persistent pollutants, the sum of dioxin-like PCBs and sum of DDTs were lower in the group of wild-caught bogues (p=0.034 and p=0.003, respectively) than in aquaculture-associated bogues, as previously described for some aquaculture species. Fish feed appear as an important factor in the uptake of such substances suggesting a diet intervention to reduce their levels in the aquaculture products. Another interesting result is that for almost all chemical substances analyzed, bogues captured near sewage outfalls showed the highest levels of pollutants, pointing out the need of stringent measures for wastewater treatment units discharging in coastal areas. On the light of these results, further research in specific farmed and wild fish species in relation to their dietary value and pollutant's levels seems to be mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Alberto Henríquez-Hernández
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Daniel Montero
- Aquaculture Research Group (GIA), ECOAQUA Institute, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Crta. Taliarte s/n., 35214 Telde, Spain
| | - María Camacho
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Rafael Ginés
- Aquaculture Research Group (GIA), ECOAQUA Institute, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Crta. Taliarte s/n., 35214 Telde, Spain
| | - Luis D Boada
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Besay Ramírez Bordón
- Biodiversity and Conservation Research Group (BIOCON), ECOAQUA Institute, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Crta. Taliarte s/n., 35214 Telde, Spain
| | - Pilar F Valerón
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Maira Almeida-González
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Manuel Zumbado
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Ricardo Haroun
- Biodiversity and Conservation Research Group (BIOCON), ECOAQUA Institute, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Crta. Taliarte s/n., 35214 Telde, Spain
| | - Octavio P Luzardo
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain.
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