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PFOS Induces Lipometabolism Change, Immune Defense, and Endocrine Disorders in Black-Spotted Frogs: Application of Transcriptome Profiling. DIVERSITY 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/d15020196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Amphibian population declines are closely linked to increasingly serious environmental pollution. Field investigations revealed that perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) distribution was detected in 100% of amphibians. In the present study, global transcriptome sequencing was determined on black-spotted frogs to quantify transcript expression levels and the development of an adverse outcome pathway for PFOS. A total of 1441 differentially expressed genes were identified in the PFOS exposure for 21 d, with 645 being downregulated and 796 upregulated. The gene functions and pathways for lipid metabolism, endocrine system, and immune defense were enriched. An adverse outcome pathway has been proposed, including PPAR (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors) as the molecular initiating events; followed by changes in lipid metabolism, endocrine system, and immune defense; with an end result of liver damage or even population decline. This research provides molecular insight into the toxicity of PFOS. More research about differentially expressed genes is warranted to further provide the underlying mechanism that is altered as a result of PFOS toxicity in organisms.
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Disposition of trace elements in the mangrove ecosystem and their effects on Ucides cordatus (Linnaeus, 1763) (Crustacea, Decapoda). Biometals 2022; 35:853-873. [PMID: 35717641 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-022-00408-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The tropical mangrove at the Estação Ecológica do Lameirão (Southeastern Brazil), an ecosystem of high socio-economic value, receives a large load of pollutants from domestic, industrial, and agricultural sources. Samples of interstitial water, sediments, and crustacean specimens were collected at different periods and regions throughout the study area to measure the concentrations of copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and tin (Sn) along the mangrove, as well as the bioaccumulation behavior in the crab Ucides cordatus. Subsequently, we correlated the accumulation of metals in U. cordatus with the concentrations of metals in the environment and physicochemical and climatic factors. Furthermore, we compared the bioconcentration factors (BFCs) of trace elements with the concentration levels obtained from the mangrove sediment. The fluctuation of rain and tide throughout the study period caused oscillations in the concentrations of trace elements. This condition induced bioconcentration records (BFC > 1), influencing the bioaccumulation trend in U. cordatus. We also identified that the lowest metal concentration values in the sediment were close to the river, indicating that the rivers cause a dilution effect. Finally, we found that the hepatopancreas had the highest levels of bioaccumulated heavy metals, explained by its detoxifying ability. In females of U. cordatus, we found a slightly lower accumulation of trace elements when compared to males, possibly related to the high rate of ecdysis in females. Ucides cordatus is a species widely used for human consumption. Our results show that the mangrove environment influences the concentration of trace elements in this organism, which the authorities should consider in mapping safer fishing areas.
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Fan W, Yang P, Qiao Y, Su M, Zhang G. Polystyrene nanoplastics decrease molting and induce oxidative stress in adult Macrobrachium nipponense. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 122:419-425. [PMID: 35182722 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The widespread occurrence and accumulation of plastic waste have been globally recognized as a critical issue. However, few researches have evaluated the adverse effects of nanoplastics to freshwater organisms. Thus, here, the effects of polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NP) on the physiological changes (i.e., molting) and enzyme activity of oxidative stress were investigated in the adult freshwater prawn Macrobrachium nipponense. Based on a previous study and environmental microplastic concentrations, the prawn was exposed to 0, 0.04, 0.4, 4, and 40 mg/L waterborne PS-NP for 21 days. The results showed that growth and survival-related parameters were not affected by all PS-NP groups, while the molting rate were significantly decreased in the 4 and 40 mg/L PS-NP group. Meanwhile, the expression of molting-related gene (calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase I, ecdysteroid receptor, and leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 2) were significantly decreased. H2O2 content was significantly increased in all PS-NP groups relative to the control. Lower concentrations of PS-NP increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), whereas increased concentrations, decreased SOD, GST, and GSH-Px activity. These results suggest that chronic exposure to PS-NP at an environmental concentration impaired molting and induced oxidative stress in the adult river prawn Macrobrachium nipponense. The findings provided basic information for assessing the risk assessment of nanoplastics and revealing the molecular mechanisms of nanoplastics toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wujiang Fan
- Shanghai Fisheries Research Institute (Shanghai Fisheries Technology Promotion Station), Shanghai, 200433, China; Hunan University of Arts and Science, Hunan, 41500, China
| | - Pinhong Yang
- Hunan University of Arts and Science, Hunan, 41500, China
| | - Yanping Qiao
- Shanghai Fisheries Research Institute (Shanghai Fisheries Technology Promotion Station), Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Ming Su
- Shanghai Qingpu District Fisheries Technology Promotion Station, Shanghai, 201700, China
| | - Genyu Zhang
- Shanghai Fisheries Research Institute (Shanghai Fisheries Technology Promotion Station), Shanghai, 200433, China.
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de Almeida Rodrigues P, Ferrari RG, Kato LS, Hauser-Davis RA, Conte-Junior CA. A Systematic Review on Metal Dynamics and Marine Toxicity Risk Assessment Using Crustaceans as Bioindicators. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:881-903. [PMID: 33788164 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02685-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metals, many of which are potentially toxic, are present in the aquatic environment originated from both natural and anthropogenic sources. In these ecosystems, these elements are mostly deposited in the sediment, followed by water dissolution, potentially contaminating resident biota. Among several aquatic animals, crustaceans are considered excellent bioindicators, as they live in close contact with contaminated sediment. The accumulation of metal, whether they are classified as essential, when in excessive quantities or nonessential, not only cause damage to the health of these animals, but also to the man who consumes seafood. Among the main toxic elements to animal and human health are aluminum, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, nickel and silver. In this context, this systematic review aimed to investigate the dynamics of these metals in water, the main bioaccumulative tissues in crustaceans, the effects of these contaminants on animal and human health, and the regulatory limits for these metals worldwide. A total of 91 articles were selected for this review, and an additional 68 articles not found in the three assessed databases were considered essential and included, totaling 159 articles published between 2010 and 2020. Our results indicate that both chemical speciation and abiotic factors such as pH, oxygen and salinity in aquatic environments affect element bioavailability, dynamics, and toxicity. Among crustaceans, crabs are considered the main bioindicator biological system, with the hepatopancreas appearing as the main bioaccumulator organ. Studies indicate that exposure to these elements may result in nervous, respiratory, and reproductive system effects in both animals and humans. Finally, many studies indicate that the concentrations of these elements in crustaceans intended for human consumption exceed limits established by international organizations, both with regard to seafood metal contents and well as daily, weekly, or monthly intake limits set for humans, indicating consumer health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma de Almeida Rodrigues
- Molecular and Analytical Laboratory Center, Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, 24230-340, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Gomes Ferrari
- Chemistry Institute, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-909, Brazil.
- Agrarian Sciences Center, Department of Zootechnics, Federal University of Paraiba, Paraiba, Brazil.
| | - Lilian Seiko Kato
- Chemistry Institute, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Rachel Ann Hauser-Davis
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Carlos Adam Conte-Junior
- Molecular and Analytical Laboratory Center, Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, 24230-340, Brazil
- Chemistry Institute, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-909, Brazil
- National Institute of Health Quality Control, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-900, Brazil
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5
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Ma C, Liu X, Zuo D. Cloning and characterization of AMP-activated protein kinase genes in Daphnia pulex: Modulation of AMPK gene expression in response to polystyrene nanoparticles. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 583:114-120. [PMID: 34735872 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Energy metabolism is essential for almost all organisms. At the molecular level, adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays a vital role in cellular energy homeostasis. Its molecular characterization in invertebrates, including Daphnia pulex, and the understanding of its role in response to environmental contaminants is limited. In this study, three subunits of AMPK (AMPKα, β, and γ) were cloned in D. pulex, and assigned the GenBank accession numbers MT536758, MT536759, and MT536760, respectively. Their full lengths were 2,000, 1,384, and 2594 bp, respectively, and contained open reading frames of 526, 274, and 580 amino acids, respectively. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that the three AMPK subunits all have features representative of the AMPK superfamily, and were correspondingly clustered with each orthologue branch. The three AMPK subunit genes, AMPKα, β, and γ, had the highest similarity to those of other organisms at 82%, 94%, and 71%, respectively. Nanoplastics significantly increased AMPKα expression, but decreased that of AMPKβ and γ. These results identified AMPKα, β, and γ in D. pulex, and showed that they all encode proteins with conserved functional domains. This study provides basic information on how three types of AMPK in aquatic organisms respond to environmental contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changan Ma
- School of Health and Social Care, Shanghai Urban Construction Vocational College, Shanghai, 201415, China
| | - Xiaojie Liu
- School of Health and Social Care, Shanghai Urban Construction Vocational College, Shanghai, 201415, China
| | - Di Zuo
- School of Health and Social Care, Shanghai Urban Construction Vocational College, Shanghai, 201415, China.
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Viña-Trillos N, Urzúa Á. Comparison of lipids and fatty acids among tissues of two semiterrestrial crabs reveals ecophysiological adaptations in changing coastal environments. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2021; 259:111012. [PMID: 34102296 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.111012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Decapods have successfully colonized changing coastal habitats throughout the world by adapting their behavior, physiology, and biochemistry. Biochemical reserves, such as lipids and fatty acids (FAs), play fundamental roles in this adaptation process. These energy reserves are key for the development of decapods and their composition mainly depends on the type and quality of food available in their habitats. This study evaluated the lipid content and FA composition of three tissues (hepatopancreas, gills, and muscle) in two widely distributed, semi-terrestrial coastal crab species in Chile, Cyclograpsus cinereus from the upper intertidal and Hemigrapsus crenulatus from estuaries. This evaluation aimed to assess the physiological role of the bioenergetic reserves of these crabs, which tolerate fluctuating environmental conditions. Our results showed that both species had a higher lipid content in the hepatopancreas and a lower lipid content in its gills and muscle. All three of the evaluated tissues in C. cinereus showed high contents of saturated fatty acids (SFAs), and its hepatopancreas displayed the highest contents of monounsaturated (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). In turn, H. crenulatus had the highest contents of MUFAs and PUFAs in its gills and muscle tissues, including an important amount of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). The FA content of C. cinereus may indicate an adaptive physiological response aimed at maintaining its cellular fluid balance during periods of desiccation in the upper intertidal zone. In contrast, the FAs found in H. crenulatus may be linked to the high activity of the sodium‑potassium pump in its gills, in order to maintain osmoregulation in estuaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Viña-Trillos
- Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción (UCSC), Casilla 297. Concepción, Chile; Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Mención Biodiversidad y Biorecursos, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile; Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ambientes Sustentables (CIBAS), Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Ángel Urzúa
- Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción (UCSC), Casilla 297. Concepción, Chile; Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ambientes Sustentables (CIBAS), Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
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Liu Z, Li Y, Sepúlveda MS, Jiang Q, Jiao Y, Chen Q, Huang Y, Tian J, Zhao Y. Development of an adverse outcome pathway for nanoplastic toxicity in Daphnia pulex using proteomics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 766:144249. [PMID: 33421781 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanoplastics are a growing environmental and public health concern. However, the toxic mechanisms of nanoplastics are poorly understood. Here, we evaluated the effects of spherical polystyrene nanoplastics on reproduction of Daphnia pulex and analyzed the proteome of whole animals followed by molecular and biochemical analyses for the development of an adverse outcome pathway (AOP) for these contaminants of emerging concern. Animals were exposed to polystyrene nanoplastics (0, 0.1, 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/L) via water for 21 days. Nanoplastics negatively impacted cumulative offspring production. A total of 327 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified in response to nanoplastics which were further validated from gene expression and enzyme activity data. Based on these results, we propose an AOP for nanoplastics, including radical oxygen species production and oxidative stress as the molecular initiating event (MIE); followed by changes in specific signaling pathways (Jak-STAT, mTOR and FoxO) and in the metabolism of glutathione, protein, lipids, and molting proteins; with an end result of growth inhibition and decrease reproductive output. This study serves as a foundation for the development of a mechanistic understanding of nanoplastic toxicity in crustaceans and perhaps other aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiquan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Yiming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Maria S Sepúlveda
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Qichen Jiang
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210017, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yinying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jiangtao Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yunlong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
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Li Y, Liu Z, Yang Y, Jiang Q, Wu D, Huang Y, Jiao Y, Chen Q, Huang Y, Zhao Y. Effects of nanoplastics on energy metabolism in the oriental river prawn (Macrobrachium nipponense). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 268:115890. [PMID: 33176947 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nanoplastics are common pollutants in aquatic environments and have attracted widespread research attention. However, few studies focus on the effects of nanoplastic exposure on energy metabolism in crustaceans. Accordingly, we exposed juvenile oriental river prawns (Macrobrachium nipponense) to different concentrations of 75-nm polystyrene nanoplastics (0, 5, 10, 20, and 40 mg/L) for 7, 14, 21, or 28 days. Thereafter, the effects of nanoplastic exposure on metabolite content, energy metabolism-related enzyme activity, and gene expression were evaluated. Our results showed that (1) with increasing nanoplastic concentration and exposure time, the survival rate decreased, while weight gain rate and molting number increased and then decreased; glycogen, triglyceride, and total cholesterol content all declined while lactic acid content increased with higher exposure to nanoplastic concentrations; (2) the activities of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), hexokinase (HK), carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1, pyruvate kinase (PK), lipase, and fatty acid synthase tended to decrease, while the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) increased. In particular, the activity of 6-phosphofructokinase exposed to 5 mg/L nanoplastics increased significantly (P < 0.05). (3) Expression of the metabolism-related genes 6-phosphate glucokinase (G-6-Pase), HK, PK, ACC, Acetyl-CoA-binding protein (ACBP), CPT-1, and fatty-acid-binding protein 10 (FABP 10) increased and then decreased, while expression of the LDH gene showed an upward trend. These results indicate that nanoplastics affect growth, enzyme activity, and the gene expression of energy metabolism in M. nipponense, and that high concentrations of nanoplastics have a negative impact on energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Li
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Zhiquan Liu
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Qichen Jiang
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210017, China
| | - Donglei Wu
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Youhui Huang
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yinying Huang
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yunlong Zhao
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China; State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
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Wu D, Liu Z, Yu P, Huang Y, Cai M, Zhang M, Zhao Y. Cold stress regulates lipid metabolism via AMPK signalling in Cherax quadricarinatus. J Therm Biol 2020; 92:102693. [PMID: 32888578 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Lipids play an important role in protecting poikilotherms from cold stress, but relatively little is known about the regulation of lipid metabolism under cold stress, especially in crustaceans. In the present study, red-clawed crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus was employed as a model organism. Animals were divided into four temperature groups (25, 20, 15 and 9 °C) and treated for 4 weeks, with the 25 °C group serving as a control. The total lipid content in the hepatopancreas as well as the triglyceride, cholesterol and free fatty acid levels in the hemolymph were determined. Lipids stored in the hepatopancreas and hemolymph decreased with decreasing temperature, with changes in the 9 °C group most pronounced, indicating that lipids are the main energy source for crayfish at low temperatures. Furthermore, enzyme activity of lipase, fatty acid synthase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and lipoprotein esterase, and gene expression analysis of fatty acid synthase gene, acetyl-CoA carboxylase gene and carnitine palmitoyltransferase gene showed that the digestion, synthesis and oxidation of lipids in the hepatopancreas were inhibited under low temperature stress, but expression of sphingolipid delta-4 desaturase (DEGS) was increased, indicating an increase in the demand for highly unsaturated fatty acids at low temperatures. Analysis of the expression of genes related to the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signalling pathway revealed that the adiponectin receptor gene was rapidly upregulated at low temperatures, which may in turn activate the expression of the downstream AMPKα gene, thereby inhibiting lipid anabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglei Wu
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China; Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Zhiquan Liu
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Ping Yu
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Youhui Huang
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Mingqi Cai
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yunlong Zhao
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China; State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
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Liu Z, Jiao Y, Chen Q, Li Y, Tian J, Huang Y, Cai M, Wu D, Zhao Y. Two sigma and two mu class genes of glutathione S-transferase in the waterflea Daphnia pulex: Molecular characterization and transcriptional response to nanoplastic exposure. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 248:126065. [PMID: 32045975 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Two isoforms of Glutathione S-Transferase (GST) genes, belonging to mu (Dp-GSTm1 and Dp-GSTm2) and sigma (Dp-GSTs1 and Dp-GSTs2) classes, were cloned and characterised in the freshwater Daphnia pulex. No signal peptide was found in any of the four GST proteins, indicating that they were cytosolic GST. A highly conserved glutathione (GSH) binding site (G-site) occurred in the N-terminal sequence, and a substrate binding site (H-site), interacting non-specifically with the second hydrophobic substrate, was present in the C-terminal. A Tyr residue, for the stabilization of GSH, was found to be conserved in the analysed sequences. The secondary and tertiary structures indicated that these genes possess the typical cytosolic GST structure, including a conserved N-terminal domain with a βαβαββα motif. The μ loop (NVGPAPDYDR and NFIGAEWDR in Dp-GSTm1 and Dp-GSTm2, respectively) was identified between the βαβ (β1α1β2) and αββα motifs (α2β3β4α3) in the N-terminal domain. The expressions of Dp-GSTs1, Dp-GSTs2, and Dp-GSTm1 were higher in other age groups compared to the newly-born neonates (1 d); however, the expression of Dp-GSTm2 first increased and then decreased with age. Gene expression was significantly reduced by high concentration (1 and 2 mg/L) of 75 nm polystyrene nanoplastic. However, nanoplastic exposure at the predicted environmental concentration (1 μg/L) had a low effect. Exposure of mothers to nanoplastic (1 μg/L) elevated the Dp-GSTs2 level in their neonates. These results improve our understanding on the response of different types of Daphnid GST to environmental contaminants, especially nanoplastic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiquan Liu
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yiming Li
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jiangtao Tian
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yinying Huang
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Mingqi Cai
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Donglei Wu
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yunlong Zhao
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China; State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
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11
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Liu Z, Huang Y, Jiao Y, Chen Q, Wu D, Yu P, Li Y, Cai M, Zhao Y. Polystyrene nanoplastic induces ROS production and affects the MAPK-HIF-1/NFkB-mediated antioxidant system in Daphnia pulex. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 220:105420. [PMID: 31986404 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Recently, research on the biological effects of nanoplastics has grown exponentially. However, studies on the effects of nanoplastics on freshwater organisms and the mechanisms of the biological effects of nanoplastics are limited. In this study, the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS), gene and protein expression in the MAPK-HIF-1/NFkB pathway, and antioxidant gene expressions and enzyme activities were measured in Daphnia pulex exposed to polystyrene nanoplastic. In addition, the full-length extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) gene, which plays an important role in the MAPK pathway, was cloned in D. pulex, and the amino acid sequence, function domain, and phylogenetic tree were analyzed. The results show that nanoplastic caused the overproduction of ROS along with other dose-dependent effects. Low nanoplastic concentrations (0.1 and/or 0.5 mg/L) significantly increased the expressions of genes of the MAPK pathway (ERK; p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases, p38; c-Jun amino-terminal kinases, JNK; and protein kinase B, AKT), HIF-1 pathway (prolyl hydroxylasedomain, PHD; vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF; glucose transporter, GLUT; pyruvate kinase M, PKM; hypoxia-inducible factor 1, HIF1), and CuZn superoxide dismutase (SOD) along with the activity of glutathione-S-transferase. As the nanoplastic concentration increased, these indicators were significantly suppressed. The protein expression ratio of ERK, JNK, AKT, HIF1α, and NFkBp65 (nuclear transcription factor-kB p65) as well as the phosphorylation of ERK and NFkBp65 were increased in a dose-dependent manner. The activities of other antioxidant enzymes (catalase, total SOD, and CuZn SOD) were significantly decreased upon exposure to nanoplastic. Combined with our previous work, these results suggest that polystyrene nanoplastic causes the overproduction of ROS and activates the downstream pathway, resulting in inhibited growth, development, and reproduction. The present study fosters a better understanding of the biological effects of nanoplastics on zooplankton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiquan Liu
- Laboratory of Crustacean Development Biology and Macrobenthic Ecology, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Youhui Huang
- Laboratory of Crustacean Development Biology and Macrobenthic Ecology, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- Laboratory of Crustacean Development Biology and Macrobenthic Ecology, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Laboratory of Crustacean Development Biology and Macrobenthic Ecology, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Donglei Wu
- Laboratory of Crustacean Development Biology and Macrobenthic Ecology, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Ping Yu
- Laboratory of Crustacean Development Biology and Macrobenthic Ecology, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yiming Li
- Laboratory of Crustacean Development Biology and Macrobenthic Ecology, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Mingqi Cai
- Laboratory of Crustacean Development Biology and Macrobenthic Ecology, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yunlong Zhao
- Laboratory of Crustacean Development Biology and Macrobenthic Ecology, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China; State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
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12
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Cai M, Liu Z, Yu P, Jiao Y, Chen Q, Jiang Q, Zhao Y. Circadian rhythm regulation of the oxidation–antioxidant balance in Daphnia pulex. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 240:110387. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2019.110387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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13
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Liu Z, Cai M, Wu D, Yu P, Jiao Y, Jiang Q, Zhao Y. Effects of nanoplastics at predicted environmental concentration on Daphnia pulex after exposure through multiple generations. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 256:113506. [PMID: 31706756 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The biological effects of nanoplastics are a growing concern. However, most studies have focused on exposure to high concentrations or short-term exposure. The potential effects of exposure to low environmental nanoplastic concentrations over the long-term and across multiple generations remain unclear. In the present study, Daphnia pulex was exposed over three 21-day generations to a typical environmental nanoplastic concentration (1 μg/L) and the effects were investigated at physiological (growth and reproduction), gene transcription and enzyme activity levels. Chronic exposure did not affect the survival or body length of D. pulex, whereas the growth rate and reproduction were influenced in the F2 generation. Molecular responses indicated that environmental nanoplastic concentrations can modulate the response of antioxidant defenses, vitellogenin synthesis, development, and energy production in the F0-F1 generations, and prolongation resulted in inhibitory effects on antioxidant responses in F2 individuals. Some recovery was observed in the recovery group, but reproduction and stress defenses were significantly induced. Taken together, these results suggest that D. pulex recovery from chronic exposure to nanoplastic may take several generations, and that nanoplastics have potent long-term toxic effects on D. pulex. The findings highlight the importance of multigenerational and chronic biological evaluations to assess risks of emerging pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiquan Liu
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Mingqi Cai
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Donglei Wu
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Ping Yu
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Qichen Jiang
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210017, China
| | - Yunlong Zhao
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China; State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
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14
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Yi X, Zhang K, Liu R, Giesy JP, Li Z, Li W, Zhan J, Liu L, Gong Y. Transcriptomic responses of Artemia salina exposed to an environmentally relevant dose of Alexandrium minutum cells or Gonyautoxin2/3. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 238:124661. [PMID: 31472350 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Toxicities of the marine algae Alexandrium minutum and its excreted gonyautoxins (GTXs) to the marine crustacean Artemia salina were investigated. Mortality was observed for neither larvae nor adult A. salina exposed to A. minutum at a density of 5000 cells/mL or 0.5 μM GTX2/3. After exposure, the full transcriptome of adult A. salina was assembled and functionally annotated. A total of 599,286 transcripts were obtained, which were clustered into 515,196 unigenes. Results of the transcriptional effect level index revealed that direct exposure to the toxic algae A. minutum caused greater alterations in the transcriptome than did exposure to the extracellular product GTX2/3. Mechanisms of effects were different between exposure of A. salina to A. minutum cells or GTX2/3. Exposure to A. minutum modulated formation of the ribonucleoprotein complex and metabolism of amino acids and lipids in A. salina. Exposure to GTX2/3 exposure inhibited expression of genes related to metabolism of chitin, which might result in disruption of molting process or disturbed sheath morphogenesis. Overall, effects on transcription observed in this study represent the first report based on application of next generation sequencing techniques to investigate the transcriptomic response of A. salina exposed to an environmentally realistic level of A. minutum or GTX2/3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianliang Yi
- School of Food and Environment, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin Campus, Panjin City, Liaoning, China
| | - Keke Zhang
- School of Food and Environment, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin Campus, Panjin City, Liaoning, China
| | - Renyan Liu
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian City, Liaoning, China.
| | - John P Giesy
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon SK, S7N 5B4, Saskatchewan, Canada; Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon SK, S7N 5B4, Saskatchewan, Canada; Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States
| | - Zhaochuan Li
- School of Food and Environment, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin Campus, Panjin City, Liaoning, China
| | - Wentao Li
- School of Food and Environment, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin Campus, Panjin City, Liaoning, China
| | - Jingjing Zhan
- School of Food and Environment, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin Campus, Panjin City, Liaoning, China
| | - Lifen Liu
- School of Food and Environment, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin Campus, Panjin City, Liaoning, China
| | - Yufeng Gong
- School of Food and Environment, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin Campus, Panjin City, Liaoning, China; Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon SK, S7N 5B4, Saskatchewan, Canada.
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15
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Wu D, Liu Z, Cai M, Jiao Y, Li Y, Chen Q, Zhao Y. Molecular characterisation of cytochrome P450 enzymes in waterflea (Daphnia pulex) and their expression regulation by polystyrene nanoplastics. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 217:105350. [PMID: 31730932 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes are one of the largest protein families, and they metabolise a wide range of lipophilic organic endogenous and exogenous compounds. Many cytochrome P450 genes have been cloned and characterised, and they are frequently used as biomarkers in environmental toxicology studies because of their sensitivity and inducibility. In the present study, the full-length cDNAs of DpCYP370B and DpCYP4 were cloned from Daphnia pulex for the first time. The sequence of DpCYP370B consisted of an ORF of 1515 bp that encoded a 504 amino acid polypeptide, while the sequence of DpCYP4 comprised an ORF of 1527 bp that encoded a 508 amino acid polypeptide. Homologous alignments revealed the presence of a conserved cysteine haeme-iron ligand signature, FxxGxxxCxG, located in the C-terminal portion. Both the proteins contained a sequence for a transmembrane region that was deduced to be located in the endoplasmic reticulum. Subsequently, the expression levels of DpCYP370B and DpCYP4, as well as those of CYP4AN1, CYP4C33, and CYP4C34, were investigated using quantitative real-time PCR after exposure to five polystyrene nanoplastic concentrations: 0 (control), 0.1, 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/L for 21 days. Except for DpCYP4, the highest mRNA expression was observed at 0.5 mg/L nanoplastics; next, the expression of three of the enzymes (DpCYP370B, CYP4AN1, CYP4C34,) decreased to that of the control level at 1 and 2 mg/L doses of nanoplastics. The expression of DpCYP4 did not significantly change compared with that of the control group. These results indicated that CYP genes might play an important role in protecting D. pulex against nanoplastic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglei Wu
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Zhiquan Liu
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Mingqi Cai
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yiming Li
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yunlong Zhao
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China; State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
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16
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Liu Z, Yu P, Cai M, Wu D, Zhang M, Chen M, Zhao Y. Effects of microplastics on the innate immunity and intestinal microflora of juvenile Eriocheir sinensis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 685:836-846. [PMID: 31247433 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The effects of microplastic exposure on the non-specific immune responses and intestinal microflora remain unclear. In this study, juveniles of the Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) were exposed to different concentrations of microplastics (0, 0.04, 0.4, 4, and 40 mg/L) for 7, 14, and 21 days to explore their effects. Under microplastic-induced stress, the contents or activities of most immune-related factors [haemocyanin (Hc), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), phenoloxidase (PO), lysozyme (LSZ), and acid phosphatase (ACP)] decreased after an initial increase in the low-dose or short exposure times in the haemolymph and hepatopancreas. The trends in Hc and LSZ gene expression were consistent with the corresponding changes in enzyme activities. Moreover, the haemocyte expression of caspase and MyD88 in the groups with microplastic-induced stress was higher than that in the control group, whereas the expression levels in the hepatopancreas were first increased and then decreased. Furthermore, the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes decreased following exposure to 40 mg/L microplastics, whereas that of Fusobacteria and Proteobacteria increased. These results indicate that microplastics affect immune enzyme activity and immune-related gene expression and change the diversity and composition of the intestinal microflora in E. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiquan Liu
- Laboratory of Crustacean Development Biology and Macrobenthic Ecology, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ping Yu
- Laboratory of Crustacean Development Biology and Macrobenthic Ecology, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Mingqi Cai
- Laboratory of Crustacean Development Biology and Macrobenthic Ecology, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Donglei Wu
- Laboratory of Crustacean Development Biology and Macrobenthic Ecology, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Laboratory of Crustacean Development Biology and Macrobenthic Ecology, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Minghai Chen
- Laboratory of Crustacean Development Biology and Macrobenthic Ecology, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Shanghai Center of Biomedicine Development, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yunlong Zhao
- Laboratory of Crustacean Development Biology and Macrobenthic Ecology, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
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17
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Liu Z, Fan B, Huang Y, Yu P, Li Y, Chen M, Cai M, Lv W, Jiang Q, Zhao Y. Assessing the ecological health of the Chongming Dongtan Nature Reserve, China, using different benthic biotic indices. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 146:76-84. [PMID: 31426218 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To assess the ecological health of the Chongming Dongtan Nature Reserve (CDNR), univariate and multimetric indices-AZTI's Marine Biotic Index (AMBI), multivariate AMBI (M-AMBI), abundance-biomass comparison curves, taxonomic diversity, Shannon-Wiener index (H') (log2), and Benthic Opportunistic Polychaetes Amphipods index (BOPA) - were used to translate the macrobenthic community into classifications of ecological health in 2016 and 2017. Based on the results of the various indicators, the overall habitat status of the CDNR ranged from good to high status. Sites 4 and 5, which fell in the remaining tidal flats following reclamation activities, were classified as disturbed, whereas the degree of disturbance at site 3 was low. The results indicate that the CDNR is under some form of human disturbance, which includes reclamation and animal (mainly cattle) grazing. H' (log2) and M-AMBI index may be more suitable for assessing ecological quality in intertidal zones, including the CDNR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiquan Liu
- Laboratory of Crustacean Development Biology and Macrobenthic Ecology, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Bin Fan
- Laboratory of Crustacean Development Biology and Macrobenthic Ecology, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Youhui Huang
- Laboratory of Crustacean Development Biology and Macrobenthic Ecology, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ping Yu
- Laboratory of Crustacean Development Biology and Macrobenthic Ecology, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yiming Li
- Laboratory of Crustacean Development Biology and Macrobenthic Ecology, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Minghai Chen
- Laboratory of Crustacean Development Biology and Macrobenthic Ecology, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Shanghai Center of Biomedicine Development, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mingqi Cai
- Laboratory of Crustacean Development Biology and Macrobenthic Ecology, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Weiwei Lv
- Institute of Eco-Environment and Plant Protection, Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Qichen Jiang
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210017, China
| | - Yunlong Zhao
- Laboratory of Crustacean Development Biology and Macrobenthic Ecology, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
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18
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Liu Z, Yu P, Cai M, Wu D, Zhang M, Huang Y, Zhao Y. Polystyrene nanoplastic exposure induces immobilization, reproduction, and stress defense in the freshwater cladoceran Daphnia pulex. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 215:74-81. [PMID: 30312919 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.09.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The widespread occurrence and accumulation of plastic waste have been globally recognized as a critical issue. However, there is limited information on the adverse effects of nanoplastics on freshwater invertebrates. In this study, the effects of a polystyrene nanoplastic on physiological changes (e.g., survival, growth, and reproduction) and expression levels of stress defense genes (oxidative stress-mediated and heat shock proteins) in the freshwater flea Daphnia pulex were measured. The results showed that the digestive organs of D. pulex were strongly fluorescent after exposure to the nanoplastic particles, and the 48-h median lethal concentration (LC 50) of the nanoplastic was determined to be 76.69 mg/L. In the 21-day chronic toxicity test, dose- and time-dependent relationships were observed for body length, and the time to first eggs was significantly prolonged in the 0.5 and 1 mg/L groups. The time to clutch was delayed, and total offspring per female and number of clutches were decreased in all the treatment groups. In addition, the offspring per clutch were significantly decreased in the 0.1 mg/L group. As the nanoplastic concentration increased, expression of stress defense genes (SOD, GST, GPx, and CAT) was first induced and then inhibited. The gene expressions of heat shock proteins (HSP70 and HSP90) were induced in all the treatment groups. Our results suggest that nanoplastics can be ingested by the freshwater cladoceran D. pulex and affect its growth and reproduction as well as induce stress defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiquan Liu
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Ping Yu
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Mingqi Cai
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Donglei Wu
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Youhui Huang
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yunlong Zhao
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
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19
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Liu Z, Cai M, Yu P, Chen M, Wu D, Zhang M, Zhao Y. Age-dependent survival, stress defense, and AMPK in Daphnia pulex after short-term exposure to a polystyrene nanoplastic. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 204:1-8. [PMID: 30153596 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The widespread occurrence and accumulation of micro- and nanoplastics in aquatic environments has become a growing global concern. Generally, natural aquatic populations are characterized by a variety of multi-structured age groups, for which physiological and biochemical responses typically differ. The freshwater cladoceran, Daphnia pulex, is a model species used extensively in environmental monitoring studies and ecotoxicology testing. Here, the effects of a polystyrene nanoplastic on the physiological changes (i.e., survival) and expression levels of stress defense genes (i.e., those encoding antioxidant-mediated and heat shock proteins) in this freshwater flea were measured. Results from acute bioassays were used to determine the respective nanoplastic LC50 values for five age groups (1-, 4-, 7-, 14- and 21-day-old individuals): the obtained values for the 1- and 21-day-old D. pulex groups were similar (i.e., not significantly different). The expression levels of genes encoding key stress defense enzymes and proteins-SOD, CAT, GST, GPx, HSP70, and HSP90-were influenced by the nanoplastic in all the age groups, but not in the same way for each. Significant differences were observed among all age groups in their expression of the gene encoding the energy-sensing enzyme AMPK (adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase) α, β, and γ following exposure to the nanoplastic. Moreover, the expression of AMPK α was significantly increased in the 1-, 7-, and 21-day-old individuals exposed to nanoplastic relative to the control group. Together, these results indicate that age in D. pulex affects the sensitivity of its individuals to pollution from this nanoplastic, primarily via alterations to vital physiological and biochemical processes, such as cellular energy homeostasis and oxidation, which were demonstrated in vivo. We speculate that such age-related effects may extend to other nanoplastics and forms of pollution in D. pulex and perhaps similar marine organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiquan Liu
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Mingqi Cai
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Ping Yu
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Minghai Chen
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Donglei Wu
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yunlong Zhao
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
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20
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Fadhlaoui M, Pierron F, Couture P. Temperature and metal exposure affect membrane fatty acid composition and transcription of desaturases and elongases in fathead minnow muscle and brain. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 148:632-643. [PMID: 29132009 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we tested the hypothesis that metal exposure affected the normal thermal response of cell membrane FA composition and of elongase and desaturase gene transcription levels. To this end, muscle and brain membrane FA composition and FA desaturase (fads2, degs2 and scd2) and elongase (elovl2, elovl5 and elovl6) gene transcription levels were analyzed in fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) acclimated for eight weeks to 15, 25 or 30°C exposed or not to cadmium (Cd, 6μg/l) or nickel (Ni, 450 6μg/l). The response of membrane FA composition to temperature variations or metal exposure differed between muscle and brain. In muscle, an increase of temperature induced a decrease of polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) and an increase of saturated FA (SFA) in agreement with the current paradigm. Although a similar response was observed in brain between 15 and 25°C, at 30°C, brain membrane unsaturation was higher than predicted. In both tissues, metal exposure affected the normal thermal response of membrane FA composition. The transcription of desaturases and elongases was higher in the brain and varied with acclimation temperature and metal exposure but these variations did not generally reflect changes in membrane FA composition. The mismatch between gene transcription and membrane composition highlights that several levels of control other than gene transcription are involved in adjusting membrane FA composition, including post-transcriptional regulation of elongases and desaturases and de novo phospholipid biosynthesis. Our study also reveals that metal exposure affects the mechanisms involved in adjusting cell membrane FA composition in ectotherms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariem Fadhlaoui
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Eau Terre Environnement, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec QC Canada G1K 9A9
| | | | - Patrice Couture
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Eau Terre Environnement, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec QC Canada G1K 9A9.
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