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André C, Duy SV, Sauvé S, Gagné F. Comparative toxicity of urban wastewater and rainfall overflow in caged freshwater mussel Elliptio complanata. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1233659. [PMID: 37637140 PMCID: PMC10449329 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1233659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Municipal effluents are well-recognized as disrupting sexual differentiation and reproduction in mussels. However, the contribution to this problem made by rainfall combined with sewer overflow (increased by rain due to climate change) is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to compare the neuroendocrine effects of municipal discharge and rainfall overflow on caged endemic mussel Elliptio complanata. To this end, mussels were experimentally caged and placed for 3 months at a municipal effluent dispersion plume site and at overflow sites. Data revealed that downstream surface water contained some pharmaceuticals (caffeine and carbamazepine) and accumulated significant levels of heterotrophic bacteria, but these effects were not observed at the overflow sites. The principal effects observed at the downstream site were increased soft tissue mass (and gonad index), inflammation, and Vtg proteins in male mussels as determined by a novel immunostaining methodology. The rainfall overflow sites had no effects on these markers, but were specifically associated with reduced Vtg proteins in females, dopamine (Dop), gonad lipids, and DNA strand breaks, with increased metallothioneins. In conclusion, the observed feminizing effects of municipal effluent were not additionally observed in mussels caged at rainfall overflow sites, although the latter exhibited a different pattern of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. André
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - S. V. Duy
- Chemistry Department, Montreal University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - S. Sauvé
- Chemistry Department, Montreal University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - F. Gagné
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Rodrigues JA, Bispo DSC, Silva MG, Araújo R, Soares AMVM, Freitas R, Gil AM. Impact of Sea Warming and 17-α-Ethinylestradiol Exposure on the Lipid Metabolism of Ruditapes philippinarum Clams. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119485. [PMID: 37298436 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper reports on an NMR metabolomics study of lipophilic extracts of Ruditapes philippinarum clams exposed to the hormonal contaminant 17-α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), at 17 °C and 21 °C. The results reveal that exposure at 17 °C triggers a weak response at low EE2 concentrations, suggestive of a slight increase in membrane rigidity, followed by lipid metabolic stability at higher EE2 concentrations. On the other hand, at 21 °C, lipid metabolism begins to respond at 125 ng/L EE2, with antioxidant docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) helping to tackle high-oxidative-stress conditions, in tandem with enhanced storage of triglycerides. Exposure to 625 ng/L EE2 (highest concentration) enhances phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels, their direct intercorrelation suggesting PUFA incorporation in new membrane phospholipids. This should lead to increased membrane fluidity, probably aided by a decrease in cholesterol. PUFA levels, considered a measure of membrane fluidity, were strongly (and positively) correlated to intracellular glycine levels, thus identifying glycine as the main osmolyte entering the cells under high stress. Membrane fluidity also seems to elicit the loss of taurine. This work contributes to the understanding of the mechanisms of response of R. philippinarum clams to EE2 in tandem with warming while unveiling novel potential markers of stress mitigation, namely high levels of PtdCho, PUFAs (or PtdCho/glycerophosphocholine and PtdCho/acetylcholine ratios) and linoleic acid and low PUFA/glycine ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- João A Rodrigues
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Daniela S C Bispo
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mónica G Silva
- Department of Biology & Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rita Araújo
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Department of Biology & Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rosa Freitas
- Department of Biology & Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana M Gil
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Fehrenbach GW, Pogue R, Carter F, Clifford E, Rowan N. Implications for the seafood industry, consumers and the environment arising from contamination of shellfish with pharmaceuticals, plastics and potentially toxic elements: A case study from Irish waters with a global orientation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 844:157067. [PMID: 35780875 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Shellfish are a rich source of minerals, B-vitamins and omega-3 to the human diet. The global population is expected to reach 9.6 billion people by 2050 where there will be increased demand for shellfish and for sustained improvements in harvesting. The production of most consumed species of shellfish is sea-based and are thus susceptible to in situ environmental conditions and water quality. Population growth has contributed to expansion of urbanization and the generation of effluent and waste that reaches aquatic environments, potentially contaminating seafood by exposure to non-treated effluents or inappropriately discarded waste. Environmental contaminants as microplastics (MP), pharmaceuticals (PHAR) and potentially toxic contaminants (PTE) are being identified in all trophic levels and are a current threat to both shellfish and consumer safety. Immunotoxicity, genotoxicity, fertility reduction, mortality and bioaccumulation of PTE are representative examples of the variety of effects already established in contaminated shellfish. In humans, the consumption of contaminated shellfish can lead to neurological and developmental effects, reproductive and gastrointestinal disorders and in extreme cases, death. This timely review provides insights into the presence of MP, PHAR and PTE in shellfish, and estimate the daily intake and hazard quotient for consumption behaviours. Alternatives approaches for seafood depuration that encompass risk reduction are addressed, to reflect state of the art knowledge from a Republic of Ireland perspective. Review of best-published literature revealed that MP, PHAR and PTE contaminants were detected in commercialised species of shellfish, such as Crassostrea and Mytilus. The ability to accumulate these contaminants by shellfish due to feeding characteristics is attested by extensive in vitro studies. However, there is lack of knowledge surrounding the distribution of these contaminants in the aquatic environment their interactions with humans. Preventive approaches including risk assessment are necessary to safeguard the shellfish industry and the consumer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Waltzer Fehrenbach
- Bioscience Research Institute, Technological University of the Shannon - Midlands Midwest, N37 F6D7, Ireland.
| | - Robert Pogue
- Bioscience Research Institute, Technological University of the Shannon - Midlands Midwest, N37 F6D7, Ireland; Post-Graduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasilia, 71966-700, Brazil
| | - Frank Carter
- Coney Island Shellfish Ltd., Sligo F91YH56, Ireland
| | - Eoghan Clifford
- School of Engineering, National University of Ireland Galway, H91HX31, Ireland; Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | - Neil Rowan
- Bioscience Research Institute, Technological University of the Shannon - Midlands Midwest, N37 F6D7, Ireland; Empower Eco™ Sustainability Hub, Technological University of the Shannon - Midlands Midwest, N37F6D7, Ireland
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Katsiadaki I, Schwarz TI, Cousins ARO, Scott AP. The Uptake of Ethinyl-Estradiol and Cortisol From Water by Mussels ( Mytilus spp.). Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:794623. [PMID: 34975764 PMCID: PMC8714933 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.794623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous toxicokinetic studies have shown that mussels (Mytilus spp.) can readily absorb the three main mammalian sex steroids, estradiol (E2), testosterone (T) and progesterone (P) from water. They also have a strong ability to store E2 and the 5α-reduced metabolites of T and P in the form of fatty acid esters. These esters were shown to have half-lives that were measured in weeks (i.e. they were not subject to fast depuration). The present study looked at the toxicokinetic profile of two other common steroids that are found in water, the potent synthetic oestrogen, (ethinyl-estradiol) (EE2; one of the two components of 'the pill'), and cortisol, a natural stress steroid in vertebrates. In the first three hours of uptake, tritiated EE2 was found to be taken up at a similar rate to tritiated E2. However, the levels in the water plateaued sooner than E2. The ability of the animals to both esterify and sulphate EE2 was found to be much lower than E2, but nevertheless did still take place. After 24 h of exposure, the majority of radiolabelled EE2 in the animals was present in the form of free steroid, contrary to E2, which was esterified. This metabolism was reflected in a much lower half-life (of only 15 h for EE2 in the mussels as opposed to 8 days for E2 and >10 days for T and P). Intriguingly, hardly any cortisol (in fact none at all in one of the experiments) was absorbed by the mussels. The implications of this finding in both toxicokinetic profiling and evolutionary significance (why cortisol might have evolved as a stress steroid in bony fishes) are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Katsiadaki
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Ioanna Katsiadaki,
| | - Tamar I. Schwarz
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Alex R. O. Cousins
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft Laboratory, Lowestoft, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander P. Scott
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, United Kingdom
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André C, Gagné F. The comparative toxicity of rainfall overflows and a municipal effluent plume in Elliptio complanata using a novel qPCR array approach. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 232:108760. [PMID: 32259594 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Municipal effluents have the potential to disrupt the endocrine system involved in reproduction in aquatic organisms. The purpose of this study was to develop a novel a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) array for the freshwater mussel Elliptio complanata to compare the toxic properties of municipal effluents and rainfall overflows. Mussels were caged for 3 months at upstream and downstream sites of a municipal effluent discharge point and 2 rainfall overflow sites in the Saint-Lawrence River. The data revealed that exposure to municipal effluents and overflow sites lead to increased expression of vitellogenin (VTG) in male mussels, altered sexual differentiation in females, gene expression involved in oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase, glutathione S-transferase) and DNA damage (chromosome mismatch and repair of covalently-bound DNA adducts). Mussels at the downstream site accumulated also large amounts of heterotrophic bacteria but not at the overflow sites. However, mussels at the overflow sites had decreased expression in ABC transporter gene expression. Scaling analysis revealed that the following gene expression were related to effects at higher level of biological organization such as total RNA levels, gonad mass and gonad somatic index: DNA repair of covalent DNA adducts, mistmach chromosomal recombination during meiosis and undifferentiated cells in gonads. In conclusion, exposure to rainfall overflow sites have similar effects to municipal effluents based on VTG and oxidative stress responses at the transcriptomic levels only but the effects at the DNA integrity and sexual differentiation were involved in adverse outcome pathways of urban pollution in Elliptio complanata mussels.
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Affiliation(s)
- C André
- Aquatic contaminants research division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 105 McGill, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - F Gagné
- Aquatic contaminants research division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 105 McGill, Montreal, Québec, Canada.
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Cuvillier-Hot V, Lenoir A. Invertebrates facing environmental contamination by endocrine disruptors: Novel evidences and recent insights. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 504:110712. [PMID: 31962147 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The crisis of biodiversity we currently experience raises the question of the impact of anthropogenic chemicals on wild life health. Endocrine disruptors are notably incriminated because of their possible effects on development and reproduction, including at very low doses. As commonly recorded in the field, the burden they impose on wild species also concerns invertebrates, with possible specificities linked with the specific physiology of these animals. A better understanding of chemically-mediated endocrine disruption in these species has clearly gained from knowledge accumulated on vertebrate models. But the molecular pathways specific to invertebrates also need to be reckoned, which implies dedicated research efforts to decipher their basic functioning in order to be able to assess its possible disruption. The recent rising of omics technologies opens the way to an intensification of these efforts on both aspects, even in species almost uninvestigated so far.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alain Lenoir
- IRBI, Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, UMR CNRS, Faculté des Sciences, Parc de Grandmont, Université de Tours, Tours, France
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane L. Waller
- U.S. Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA
| | - W. Gregory Cope
- Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh NC 27695-7617 USA
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Sochr J, Nemčeková K, Černicová M, Campbell K, Milata V, Farkašová D, Labuda J. DNA Interaction with 17α‐Ethinylestradiol Studied Using Electrochemical Biosensors and Biosensing in Solution. ELECTROANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201900091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jozef Sochr
- Slovak University of TechnologyFaculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Institute of Analytical Chemistry Radlinského 9 812 37 Bratislava Slovak Republic
| | - Katarína Nemčeková
- Slovak University of TechnologyFaculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Institute of Analytical Chemistry Radlinského 9 812 37 Bratislava Slovak Republic
| | - Monika Černicová
- Slovak University of TechnologyFaculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Institute of Analytical Chemistry Radlinského 9 812 37 Bratislava Slovak Republic
| | - Kirsty Campbell
- University of DundeeSchool of Life Science Dow St Dundee DD1 5EH United Kingdom
| | - Viktor Milata
- Slovak University of TechnologyFaculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Catalysis and Petrochemistry Radlinského 9 812 37 Bratislava Slovak Republic
| | - Dana Farkašová
- Slovak Medical University in Bratislava Limbová 12 833 03 Bratislava Slovak Republic
| | - Ján Labuda
- Slovak University of TechnologyFaculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Institute of Analytical Chemistry Radlinského 9 812 37 Bratislava Slovak Republic
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Jorgenson ZG, Thomas LM, Elliott SM, Cavallin JE, Randolph EC, Choy SJ, Alvarez DA, Banda JA, Gefell DJ, Lee KE, Furlong ET, Schoenfuss HL. Contaminants of emerging concern presence and adverse effects in fish: A case study in the Laurentian Great Lakes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 236:718-733. [PMID: 29454282 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.01.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The Laurentian Great Lakes are a valuable natural resource that is affected by contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), including sex steroid hormones, personal care products, pharmaceuticals, industrial chemicals, and new generation pesticides. However, little is known about the fate and biological effects of CECs in tributaries to the Great Lakes. In the current study, 16 sites on three rivers in the Great Lakes basin (Fox, Cuyahoga, and Raquette Rivers) were assessed for CEC presence using polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS) and grab water samplers. Biological activity was assessed through a combination of in vitro bioassays (focused on estrogenic activity) and in vivo assays with larval fathead minnows. In addition, resident sunfish, largemouth bass, and white suckers were assessed for changes in biological endpoints associated with CEC exposure. CECs were present in all water samples and POCIS extracts. A total of 111 and 97 chemicals were detected in at least one water sample and POCIS extract, respectively. Known estrogenic chemicals were detected in water samples at all 16 sites and in POCIS extracts at 13 sites. Most sites elicited estrogenic activity in bioassays. Ranking sites and rivers based on water chemistry, POCIS chemistry, or total in vitro estrogenicity produced comparable patterns with the Cuyahoga River ranking as most and the Raquette River as least affected by CECs. Changes in biological responses grouped according to physiological processes, and differed between species but not sex. The Fox and Cuyahoga Rivers often had significantly different patterns in biological response Our study supports the need for multiple lines of evidence and provides a framework to assess CEC presence and effects in fish in the Laurentian Great Lakes basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary G Jorgenson
- U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Twin Cities Field Office, 4101 American Blvd. E, Bloomington, MN, 55425, United States; Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, 720 Fourth Ave. S, WSB-273, St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, MN, 56301, United States
| | - Linnea M Thomas
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, 720 Fourth Ave. S, WSB-273, St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, MN, 56301, United States
| | - Sarah M Elliott
- U.S. Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Water Science Center, 2280 Woodale Dr., Mounds View, MN, 55112, United States
| | - Jenna E Cavallin
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Mid-Continent Ecology Division Laboratory, 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN, 55804, United States
| | - Eric C Randolph
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Mid-Continent Ecology Division Laboratory, 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN, 55804, United States
| | - Steven J Choy
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Green Bay Field Office, 505 Science Dr., Madison, WI, 53711, United States
| | - David A Alvarez
- U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, 4200 E New Haven Rd., Columbia, MO, 65201, United States
| | - Jo A Banda
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ohio Field Office, 4625 Morse Rd., Suite 104, Columbus, OH, 43230, United States
| | - Daniel J Gefell
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, New York Field Office, 3817 Luker Rd., Cortland, NY, 13045, United States
| | - Kathy E Lee
- U.S. Geological Survey, Toxic Substances Hydrology Program, 415 Pokegama Ave. S, Grand Rapids, MN, 55744, United States
| | - Edward T Furlong
- U.S. Geological Survey, National Water Quality Laboratory, Denver Federal Center, Bldg 95, Denver, CO, 80225, United States
| | - Heiko L Schoenfuss
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, 720 Fourth Ave. S, WSB-273, St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, MN, 56301, United States.
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Thomas LM, Jorgenson ZG, Brigham ME, Choy SJ, Moore JN, Banda JA, Gefell DJ, Minarik TA, Schoenfuss HL. Contaminants of emerging concern in tributaries to the Laurentian Great Lakes: II. Biological consequences of exposure. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184725. [PMID: 28953953 PMCID: PMC5617166 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Laurentian Great Lakes contain one fifth of the world's surface freshwater and have been impacted by human activity since the Industrial Revolution. In addition to legacy contaminants, nitrification and invasive species, this aquatic ecosystem is also the recipient of Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CECs) with poorly understood biological consequences. In the current study, we documented the presence, concentrations, and biological effects of CECs across 27 field sites in six Great Lakes tributaries by examining over 2250 resident and caged sunfish (Lepomis ssp.) for a variety of morphological and physiological endpoints and related these results to CEC occurrence. CEC were ubiquitous across studies sites and their presence and concentrations in water and sediment were highest in effluent dominated rivers and downstream of municipal wastewater treatment plant discharges. However, even putative upstream reference sites were not free of CEC presence and fish at these sites exhibited biological effects consistent with CEC exposure. Only the Fox River exhibited consistent adverse biological effects, including increased relative liver size, greater prominence of hepatocyte vacuoles and increased plasma glucose concentrations. Canonical Redundancy Analysis revealed consistent patterns of biological consequences of CEC exposure across all six tributaries. Increasing plasma glucose concentrations, likely as a result of pollutant-induced metabolic stress, were associated with increased relative liver size and greater prominence of hepatocyte vacuoles. These indicators of pollutant exposure were inversely correlated with indicators of reproductive potential including smaller gonad size and less mature gametes. The current study highlights the need for greater integration of chemical and biological studies and suggests that CECs in the Laurentian Great Lakes Basin may adversely affect the reproductive potential of exposed fish populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linnea M. Thomas
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Zachary G. Jorgenson
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, Minnesota, United States of America
- U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Bloomington, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Mark E. Brigham
- U.S. Geological Survey, Mounds View, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Steven J. Choy
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Jeremy N. Moore
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Jo A. Banda
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Daniel J. Gefell
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Cortland, New York, United States of America
| | - Thomas A. Minarik
- Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago, Cicero, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Heiko L. Schoenfuss
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, Minnesota, United States of America
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Morthorst JE. A field study of hemolymph yolk protein levels in a bivalve (Unio tumidus) and future considerations for bivalve yolk protein as endocrine biomarker. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 192:16-22. [PMID: 27890716 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Induction of yolk protein in male fish is a recognized biomarker for estrogenic exposure because the estrogen-dependent induction mechanism is well investigated and there is a clear difference in yolk protein levels of unexposed males and females. Attempts have been made to use induction of bivalve yolk protein as biomarker for estrogenic exposure. However, several biomarker validation criteria have not yet been investigated e.g. an in-depth understanding of the induction mechanism and background variability is needed and reliable detection assays are yet to be developed. To obtain background knowledge about yolk protein levels freshwater bivalves (Unio tumidus) were collected in an uncontaminated Danish lake over the course of a year (33 collection dates). The hemolymph yolk protein concentration of 569 individuals was determined by a species specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and male and female gonadal development cycles were established. The average yolk protein levels of males and females collected at each sampling date overlapped in some periods; the male and female range was 66,946 - 169,692 ng/mL and 88,731 - 681,667 ng/mL, respectively. Because male and female hemolymph yolk protein levels overlap, great care should be taken if yolk protein induction in bivalve hemolymph is considered as endocrine biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane E Morthorst
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5220, Odense M, Denmark.
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