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Dam-on A, Nimako C, Kulprasertsri S, Ikenaka Y, Yohannes YB, Nakayama SMM, Ishizuka M, Poapolathep S, Poapolathep A, Khidkhan K. Characterization of Neonicotinoid Metabolites by Cytochrome P450-Mediated Metabolism in Poultry. TOXICS 2024; 12:618. [PMID: 39195720 PMCID: PMC11359332 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12080618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Neonicotinoids, a neuro-effective class of insecticides, are heavily applied in agricultural activities worldwide. Poultry can be exposed to neonicotinoids by several routes, but the knowledge of neonicotinoid's metabolism in poultry and its associated interspecies differences is highly limited. Hence, this study aims to investigate the species differences in metabolite formations, as well as cytochrome P450 (CYP)-dependent metabolism of four major neonicotinoid compounds, acetamiprid, imidacloprid, clothianidin, and thiamethoxam, in poultry. In vitro biotransformation assays using hepatic microsomes of chicken, ducks, geese, quails, and rats were conducted. Metabolites of neonicotinoids were then screened by LC/Q-TOF and quantified by LC/MS/MS. The results revealed an existence of interspecies differences in the formations of N-[(6-chloro-3-pyridyl) methyl] -N-methyl acetamidine (IM-1-5) of acetamiprid and dm-clothianidin of clothianidin between chicken and other species. In addition, the greatest CYP activities in the metabolism of most neonicotinoid substrates, such as acetamiprid to dm-acetamiprid, imidacloprid to hydroxylated-imidacloprid and imidacloprid-olefin, clothianidin to dm-clothianidin, and thiamethoxam to clothianidin, were found in chicken. These results suggested that the CYPs in chicken may have a greater capacity for metabolism of neonicotinoids compared to other poultry. This study further revealed that the maximum intrinsic clearance of dn-imidacloprid and dn-clothianidin in ducks may be superintended by CYP-mediated nitro-reductions of imidacloprid and clothianidin. Further studies employing CYP recombinant enzymes may be required to elucidate the specific CYP isoforms that may be involved in neonicotinoid metabolism in avian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adisorn Dam-on
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (A.D.-o.); (S.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Collins Nimako
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan; (C.N.); (Y.I.); (Y.B.Y.); (S.M.M.N.); (M.I.)
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Sittinee Kulprasertsri
- Department of Farm Resources and Production Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand;
| | - Yoshinori Ikenaka
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan; (C.N.); (Y.I.); (Y.B.Y.); (S.M.M.N.); (M.I.)
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
- Water Research Group, School of Environmental Sciences and Development, North-West University, P.O. Box X6001, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa
- Translational Research Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Yared B. Yohannes
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan; (C.N.); (Y.I.); (Y.B.Y.); (S.M.M.N.); (M.I.)
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Shouta M. M. Nakayama
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan; (C.N.); (Y.I.); (Y.B.Y.); (S.M.M.N.); (M.I.)
- School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, Great East Road, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
| | - Mayumi Ishizuka
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan; (C.N.); (Y.I.); (Y.B.Y.); (S.M.M.N.); (M.I.)
| | - Saranya Poapolathep
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (A.D.-o.); (S.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Amnart Poapolathep
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (A.D.-o.); (S.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Kraisiri Khidkhan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (A.D.-o.); (S.P.); (A.P.)
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Hernandez‐Jerez A, Coja T, Paparella M, Price A, Henri J, Focks A, Louisse J, Terron A, Binaglia M, Guajardo IM, Mangas I, Guajardo IM, Ferreira L, Kardassi D, De Lentdecker C, Molnar T, Vianello G. Statement on the toxicological properties and maximum residue levels of acetamiprid and its metabolites. EFSA J 2024; 22:e8759. [PMID: 38751503 PMCID: PMC11094581 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Acetamiprid is a pesticide active substance with insecticidal action whose approval was renewed by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/113. In January 2022, the EFSA PPR Panel published a statement following a request from the European Commission to advise on human health or the environment based on new scientific evidence presented by France during the decision-making phase. In July 2022, by means of a further mandate received from the European Commission, EFSA was requested to provide advice if new information and any other scientific evidence that has become available since the assessment conducted for the renewal in 2018 warrant re-evaluation of (i) toxicological parameters used for the risk assessment of acetamiprid during the renewal process, including toxicological endpoints; (ii) the residue definition for acetamiprid in products of plant origin; and (iii) the safety of existing maximum residue levels (MRLs). Meanwhile, the applicant of acetamiprid in the EU submitted new toxicology studies regarding the toxicological profile of the metabolite IM-2-1. Furthermore, the European Commission was made aware that several recent publications in scientific literature were made available after the literature searches conducted by EFSA. As the new data could affect the advice that EFSA was expected to deliver through the 2022 mandate, EFSA was further requested to consider this information by means of a revised mandate received in September 2023. As regards re-evaluation of point (i) in this statement, this was addressed by an EFSA Working Group integrating all the available evidence. The results of the weight of evidence indicated that there are major uncertainties in the body of evidence for the developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) properties of acetamiprid and further data are therefore needed to come to a more robust mechanistic understanding to enable appropriate hazard and risk assessment. In view of these uncertainties, the EFSA WG proposed to lower the acceptable daily intake (ADI) and acute reference dose (ARfD) from 0.025 to 0.005 mg/kg body weight (per day). A revised residue definition for risk assessment was proposed for leafy and fruit crops as sum of acetamiprid and N-desmethyl-acetamiprid (IM-2-1), expressed as acetamiprid. Regarding pulses/oilseeds, root crops and cereals, the new data received did not indicate a need to modify the existing residue definition for risk assessment, which therefore remains as parent acetamiprid. Regarding the residue definition for enforcement, the available data did not indicate a need to modify the existing definition because acetamiprid is still a sufficient marker of the residues in all crop groups. Considering the new health-based guidance values derived in the present statement, a risk for consumer has been identified for 38 MRLs currently in place in the EU Regulation. Consequently, EFSA recommended to lower the existing MRLs for 38 commodities based on the assessment of fall-back Good Agricultural Practices received within an ad hoc data call. Some fall-back MRLs proposals require further risk management considerations.
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Benchikh I, Ziani K, Gonzalez Mateos A, Khaled BM. Non-acute exposure of neonicotinoids, health risk assessment, and evidence integration: a systematic review. Crit Rev Toxicol 2024; 54:194-213. [PMID: 38470098 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2024.2310593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Neonicotinoid pesticides are utilized against an extensive range of insects. A growing body of evidence supports that these neuro-active insecticides are classified as toxicants in invertebrates. However, there is limited published data regarding their toxicity in vertebrates and mammals. the current systematic review is focused on the up-to-date knowledge available for several neonicotinoid pesticides and their non-acute toxicity on rodents and human physiology. Oral lethal dose 50 (LD50) of seven neonicotinoids (i.e. imidacloprid, acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, thiamethoxam, thiacloprid, and nitenpyram) was initially identified. Subsequently, a screening of the literature was conducted to collect information about non-acute exposure to these insecticides. 99 studies were included and assessed for their risk of bias and level of evidence according to the Office of Health and Translation (OHAT) framework. All the 99 included papers indicate evidence of reproductive toxicity, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, immunotoxicity, and oxidative stress induction with a high level of evidence in the health effect of rodents and a moderate level of evidence for human health. The most studied type of these insecticides among 99 papers was imidacloprid (55 papers), followed by acetamiprid (22 papers), clothianidin (21 papers), and thiacloprid (11 papers). While 10 of 99 papers assessed the relationship between clothianidin, thiamethoxam, dinotefuran, and nitenpyram, showing evidence of liver injury, dysfunctions of oxidative stress markers in the reproductive system, and intestinal toxicity. This systematic review provides a comprehensive overview of the potential risks caused by neonicotinoid insecticides to humans and rodents with salient health effects. However, further research is needed to better emphasize and understand the patho-physiological mechanisms of these insecticides, taking into account various factors that can influence their toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Benchikh
- Laboratory of Applied Hydrology and Environment, Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, Belhadj Bouchaib University, Ain Témouchent, Algeria
- Laboratoire de Nutrition, Pathologie, Agro-Biotechnologie et Santé (Lab-NuPABS), Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, Djillali Liabès University, Sidi-Bel-Abbès, Algeria
| | - Kaddour Ziani
- Laboratory of Biotoxicology, Pharmacognosy and Biological Valorization of Plants, Department of Biology, University of Saida-Dr. Taher Moulay, Saida, Algeria
| | - Antonio Gonzalez Mateos
- Department of Physiology, Cell Biology and Communication Research Group, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - Boumediène Méghit Khaled
- Laboratoire de Nutrition, Pathologie, Agro-Biotechnologie et Santé (Lab-NuPABS), Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, Djillali Liabès University, Sidi-Bel-Abbès, Algeria
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Mourikes VE, Santacruz-Márquez R, Deviney A, Laws MJ, Ulanov AV, La Frano MR, Flaws JA. Ovarian antral follicles metabolize imidacloprid in vitro. Toxicol Sci 2023; 196:229-237. [PMID: 37632782 PMCID: PMC10682976 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfad089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonicotinoid insecticides are synthetic nicotine derivatives that have high affinity for invertebrate nicotine receptors and low affinity for mammalian nicotine receptors. However, imidacloprid (IMI), the most commonly used neonicotinoid, can be bioactivated by the liver in mammals to desnitro-imidacloprid, an intermediate metabolite that effectively binds and activates mammalian receptors. However, it is not known if other tissues such as the ovaries can metabolize IMI. Thus, the present study tested the hypothesis that ovarian antral follicles metabolize and bioactivate IMI. Antral follicles were dissected from the ovaries of CD-1 mice and cultured in media containing dimethyl sulfoxide or IMI (0.2-200 µg/ml) for 48 and 96 h. Media were subjected to liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for detection of phase I IMI metabolites. Follicles from the cultures were used for gene expression analysis of metabolic enzymes associated with IMI metabolism. All IMI metabolites were detected at 48 and 96 h. Oxidized IMI intermediates were detected in media from cultured follicles, but not environmental controls. Reduced IMI intermediates were detected in media from cultured follicles and the environmental controls. At 48 h, IMI did not affect expression of any metabolic enzymes compared with control. At 96 h, IMI induced Cyp2e1 and Cyp4f18 compared with control. These data indicate that mouse ovarian follicles metabolize IMI and that IMI induces ovarian Cyp expression over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki E Mourikes
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802, USA
| | - Ramsés Santacruz-Márquez
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802, USA
| | - Ashley Deviney
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802, USA
| | - Mary J Laws
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802, USA
| | - Alexander V Ulanov
- Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802, USA
| | - Michael R La Frano
- Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802, USA
| | - Jodi A Flaws
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802, USA
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Shinya S, Kawai Y, Kondo M, Nakayama SMM, Ishizuka M, Ikenaka Y. Characteristics of cytochrome P450-dependent metabolism against acetamiprid in the musk shrew (Suncus murinus). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 265:109537. [PMID: 36563948 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Soricidae spp. (shrews) play an essential role in soil ecosystems and, due to their habitat and behavior, are exposed to soil pollutants, such as pesticides. Still, toxicity risk in Soricidae spp. has not been appropriately assessed. In this study, the musk shrew (Suncus murinus) was used as a model organism for toxicity assessment in Soricidae. Considering their carnivorous diet, it is reasonable to assume that the musk shrew has unique metabolic traits that are different from those of other common experimental models. This study describes the cytochrome P450 (CYP)-dependent metabolism affected by acetamiprid (ACP), a neonicotinoid insecticide. Pharmacokinetics analysis, an in vitro metabolic assay, and genetic analysis of CYP were performed and compared with data from mice and rats. Through phylogenetic and syntenic analyses, three families of CYP were identified in the musk shrew. Pharmacokinetic analysis showed that the blood concentration of ACP decreased more quickly in musk shrews than in mice. Moreover, the in vitro metabolic assay suggested more efficient metabolic responses toward ACP in musk shrews than in mice or rats. One of the CYP2A isoforms in musk shrews might be linked to a better ACP metabolism. From the results above, we describe novel metabolic traits of the musk shrew. Future research on recombinant CYP enzymes is necessary to fully understand CYP-dependent metabolism of xenobiotics in musk shrews.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Shinya
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, M18, W9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kawai
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inaba-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Mitsuki Kondo
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, M18, W9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Shouta M M Nakayama
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, M18, W9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan; Biomedical Science Department, School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Mayumi Ishizuka
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, M18, W9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Ikenaka
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, M18, W9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan; Translational Research Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, M18, W9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan; One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, M18, W9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan; Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
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Han M, Wang Y, Yang Z, Wang Y, Huang M, Luo B, Wang H, Chen Y, Jiang Q. Neonicotinoids residues in the honey circulating in Chinese market and health risk on honey bees and human. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 313:120146. [PMID: 36096262 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
China is the largest beekeeping and honey consumption country globally. Neonicotinoids in honey can pose adverse effects on honey bees and human, but data on neonicotinoids residues in honey and its health risk remain limited in China. A total of 94 honey samples were selected from Chinese market based on production region and sale volume in 2020. Eight neonicotinoids and four metabolites were determined by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Health risk of neonicotinoids in honey on honey bees and human was assessed by hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI). Neonicotinoids and their metabolites were overall detected in 97.9% of honey samples. Acetamiprid, thiamethoxam, and imidacloprid were top three dominant neonicotinoids in honey with the detection frequencies of 92.6%, 90.4%, and 73.4%, respectively. For honey bees, 78.7% of honey samples had a HI larger than one based on the safety threshold value of sublethal effects. Top three neonicotinoids with the highest percent proportion of HQ larger than one for honey bees were acetamiprid (43.6%), imidacloprid (31.9%), and thiamethoxam (24.5%) and their maximum HQs were 420, 210, and 41, respectively. Based on oral median lethal doses for honey bees, both HQ and HI were lower than one in all honey samples. For human, both HQ and HI were lower than one based on acceptable daily intakes in all honey samples. Neonicotinoids concentrations and detection frequencies in honey samples and its health risk varied with production region, commercial value of nectariferous plants, number of nectariferous plants, and sale price. The results suggested extensive residues of neonicotinoids in honey in Chinese market with a variation by the characteristics of honey. The residues were likely to affect the health of honey bees, but showed no detectable effect on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Han
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education/School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuanping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education/School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zichen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education/School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education/School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Min Huang
- The People's Hospital of Pingyang, Pingyang County, Zhejiang Province, 325400, China
| | - Baozhang Luo
- Department of Food Safety, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Hexing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education/School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Yue Chen
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1G5Z3, Canada
| | - Qingwu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education/School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
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Shinya S, Sashika M, Minamikawa M, Itoh T, Yohannes YB, Nakayama SMM, Ishizuka M, Nimako C, Ikenaka Y. Estimation of the Effects of Neonicotinoid Insecticides on Wild Raccoon, Procyon lotor, in Hokkaido, Japan: Urinary Concentrations and Hepatic Metabolic Capability of Neonicotinoids. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022; 41:1865-1874. [PMID: 35452528 PMCID: PMC9544187 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Toxicological effects of neonicotinoid insecticides (NNIs) have been reported for mammals, such as humans, rats, and mice. However, there are limited reports on their toxic effects on wild mammals. To predict NNI-induced toxic effects on wild mammals, it is necessary to determine the exposure levels and metabolic ability of these species. We considered that raccoons could be an animal model for evaluating NNI-induced toxicities on wildlife because they live near agricultural fields and eat crops treated with NNIs. The objective of the present study was to estimate the effects of NNI exposure on wild raccoons. Urinary concentrations of NNI compounds (n = 59) and cytochrome P450-dependent metabolism of NNIs (n = 3) were evaluated in wild raccoons captured in Hokkaido, Japan, in 2020. We detected either one of the six NNIs or one metabolite, including acetamiprid, imidacloprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, and desmethyl-acetamiprid in 90% of raccoons (53/59); the average cumulative concentration of the seven NNI compounds was 3.1 ng/ml. The urinary concentrations were not much different from those reported previously for humans. Furthermore, we performed an in vitro assessment of the ability of raccoons to metabolize NNIs using hepatic microsomes. The amounts of NNI metabolites were measured using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry and compared with those in rats. Raccoons showed much lower metabolic ability; the maximum velocity/Michaelis-Menten constant (Vmax /Km ) values for raccoons were one-tenth to one-third of those for rats. For the first time, we show that wild raccoons could be frequently exposed to NNIs in the environment, and that the cytochrome P450-dependent metabolism of NNIs in the livers of raccoons might be low. Our results contribute to a better understanding of the effects of NNIs on raccoons, leading to better conservation efforts for wild mammals. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:1865-1874. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Shinya
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Graduate School of Veterinary MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Mariko Sashika
- Laboratory of Wildlife Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Veterinary MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Miku Minamikawa
- Laboratory of Wildlife Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Veterinary MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Tetsuji Itoh
- Laboratory of Wildlife Management, Department of Environmental and SymbiosisRakuno Gakuen UniversityEbetsuJapan
| | - Yared Beyene Yohannes
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Graduate School of Veterinary MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Shouta M. M. Nakayama
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Graduate School of Veterinary MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
- Biomedical Science Department, School of Veterinary MedicineThe University of ZambiaLusakaZambia
| | - Mayumi Ishizuka
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Graduate School of Veterinary MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Collins Nimako
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Graduate School of Veterinary MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Yoshinori Ikenaka
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Graduate School of Veterinary MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
- Translational Research Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
- One Health Research CenterHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and ManagementNorth‐West University, PotchefstroomSouth Africa
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Sprenger H, Kreuzer K, Alarcan J, Herrmann K, Buchmüller J, Marx-Stoelting P, Braeuning A. Use of transcriptomics in hazard identification and next generation risk assessment: A case study with clothianidin. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 166:113212. [PMID: 35690182 PMCID: PMC9339662 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Toxicological risk assessment is essential in the evaluation and authorization of different classes of chemical substances. Genotoxicity and mutagenicity testing are of highest priority and rely on established in vitro systems with bacterial and mammalian cells, sometimes followed by in vivo testing using rodent animal models. Transcriptomic approaches have recently also shown their value to determine transcript signatures specific for genotoxicity. Here, we studied how transcriptomic data, in combination with in vitro tests with human cells, can be used for the identification of genotoxic properties of test compounds. To this end, we used liver samples from a 28-day oral toxicity study in rats with the pesticidal active substances imazalil, thiacloprid, and clothianidin, a neonicotinoid-type insecticide with, amongst others, known hepatotoxic properties. Transcriptomic results were bioinformatically evaluated and pointed towards a genotoxic potential of clothianidin. In vitro Comet and γH2AX assays in human HepaRG hepatoma cells, complemented by in silico analyses of mutagenicity, were conducted as follow-up experiments to check if the genotoxicity alert from the transcriptomic study is in line with results from a battery of guideline genotoxicity studies. Our results illustrate the combined use of toxicogenomics, classic toxicological data and new approach methods in risk assessment. By means of a weight-of-evidence decision, we conclude that clothianidin does most likely not pose genotoxic risks to humans. Analysis of clothianidin genotoxicity in silico, in vitro and in vivo. Application of a toxicogenomics approach to analyze genotoxicity. Weight-of-evidence decision supports classification as “non-genotoxic”.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Sprenger
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Dept. Food Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrin Kreuzer
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Dept. Food Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jimmy Alarcan
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Dept. Food Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristin Herrmann
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Dept. Pesticides Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Buchmüller
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Dept. Food Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philip Marx-Stoelting
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Dept. Pesticides Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | - Albert Braeuning
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Dept. Food Safety, Berlin, Germany.
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Hirai A, Sugio S, Nimako C, Nakayama SMM, Kato K, Takahashi K, Arizono K, Hirano T, Hoshi N, Fujioka K, Taira K, Ishizuka M, Wake H, Ikenaka Y. Ca 2+ imaging with two-photon microscopy to detect the disruption of brain function in mice administered neonicotinoid insecticides. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5114. [PMID: 35332220 PMCID: PMC8948258 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09038-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonicotinoid pesticides are a class of insecticides that reportedly have harmful effects on bees and dragonflies, causing a reduction in their numbers. Neonicotinoids act as neuroreceptor modulators, and some studies have reported their association with neurodevelopmental disorders. However, the precise effect of neonicotinoids on the central nervous system has not yet been identified. Herein, we conducted in vivo Ca2+ imaging using a two-photon microscope to detect the abnormal activity of neuronal circuits in the brain after neonicotinoid application. The oral administration of acetamiprid (ACE) (20 mg/kg body weight (BW) in mature mice with a quantity less than the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) and a tenth or half of the median lethal dose (LD50) of nicotine (0.33 or 1.65 mg/kg BW, respectively), as a typical nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist, increased anxiety-like behavior associated with altered activities of the neuronal population in the somatosensory cortex. Furthermore, we detected ACE and its metabolites in the brain, 1 h after ACE administration. The results suggested that in vivo Ca2+ imaging using a two-photon microscope enabled the highly sensitive detection of neurotoxicant-mediated brain disturbance of nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anri Hirai
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Shouta Sugio
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Cell Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumi-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Collins Nimako
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Shouta M M Nakayama
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kato
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8510, Japan
| | - Keisuke Takahashi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8510, Japan
| | - Koji Arizono
- Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, 3-1-100 Tsukide, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto, 862-8502, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Hirano
- Life Science Research Center, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Hoshi
- Student Affairs Section, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Fujioka
- Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 106 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Kumiko Taira
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Center East, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayumi Ishizuka
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Wake
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Cell Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumi-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Ikenaka
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan. .,Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, 11 Hoffman Street, Potchefstroom, 2531, South Africa. .,One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan. .,Translational Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan.
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