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Schilling F, Schumacher C, Köhl K, Sprenger H, Kopka J, Peters R, Haas M, Zuther E, Horn R. Whole-genome sequencing of tetraploid potato varieties reveals different strategies for drought tolerance. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5476. [PMID: 38443466 PMCID: PMC10914802 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55669-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Climate changes leading to increasingly longer seasonal drought periods in large parts of the world increase the necessity for breeding drought-tolerant crops. Cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum), the third most important vegetable crop worldwide, is regarded as drought-sensitive due to its shallow root architecture. Two German tetraploid potato cultivars differing in drought tolerance and their F1-progeny were evaluated under various drought scenarios. Bulked segregant analyses were combined with whole-genome sequencing (BSA-Seq) using contrasting bulks of drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive F1-clones. Applying QTLseqr, 15 QTLs comprising 588,983 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 2325 genes associated with drought stress tolerance were identified. SeqSNP analyses in an association panel of 34 mostly starch potato varieties using 1-8 SNPs for each of 188 selected genes narrowed the number of candidate genes down to 10. In addition, ent-kaurene synthase B was the only gene present under QTL 10. Eight of the identified genes (StABP1, StBRI1, StKS, StLEA, StPKSP1, StPKSP2, StYAB5, and StZOG1) address plant development, the other three genes (StFATA, StHGD and StSYP) contribute to plant protection under drought stress. Allelic variation in these genes might be explored in future breeding for drought-tolerant potato varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Schilling
- Department of Plant Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christina Schumacher
- Department of Plant Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Karin Köhl
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Heike Sprenger
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joachim Kopka
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Rolf Peters
- Landwirtschaftskammer Niedersachsen, Dethlingen 14, 29633, Munster, Germany
- PotatoConsult UG, Hiddinger Straße 33, 27374, Visselhövede, Germany
| | - Manuela Haas
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
- Ministry of Agriculture, Environment and Climate Protection, Henning-Von-Tresckow-Straße 2-13, 14467, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ellen Zuther
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
- Center of Artificial Intelligence in Public Health Research, Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Renate Horn
- Department of Plant Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3, 18059, Rostock, Germany.
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Mertens S, Verbraeken L, Sprenger H, Demuynck K, Maleux K, Cannoot B, De Block J, Maere S, Nelissen H, Bonaventure G, Crafts-Brandner SJ, Vogel JT, Bruce W, Inzé D, Wuyts N. Corrigendum: Proximal hyperspectral imaging detects diurnal and drought-induced changes in maize physiology. Front Plant Sci 2024; 15:1379654. [PMID: 38450398 PMCID: PMC10916789 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1379654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.640914.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Stien Mertens
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lennart Verbraeken
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Heike Sprenger
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kirin Demuynck
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katrien Maleux
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bernard Cannoot
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jolien De Block
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steven Maere
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hilde Nelissen
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Wesley Bruce
- BASF Corporation, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Wuyts
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
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Sadrabadi F, Alarcan J, Sprenger H, Braeuning A, Buhrke T. Impact of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and PFAS mixtures on lipid metabolism in differentiated HepaRG cells as a model for human hepatocytes. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:507-524. [PMID: 38117326 PMCID: PMC10794458 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03649-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are environmental contaminants with various adverse health effects in humans including disruption of lipid metabolism. Aim of the present study was to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of PFAS-mediated effects on lipid metabolism in human cells. Here, we examined the impact of a number of PFAS (PFOS, PFOA, PFNA, PFDA, PFHxA, PFBA, PFHxS, PFBS, HFPO-DA, and PMPP) and of some exposure-relevant PFAS mixtures being composed of PFOS, PFOA, PFNA and PFHxS on lipid metabolism in human HepaRG cells, an in vitro model for human hepatocytes. At near cytotoxic concentrations, the selected PFAS and PFAS mixtures induced triglyceride accumulation in HepaRG cells and consistently affected the expression of marker genes for steatosis, as well as PPARα target genes and genes related to lipid and cholesterol metabolism, pointing to common molecular mechanisms of PFAS in disrupting cellular lipid and cholesterol homeostasis. PPARα activation was examined by a transactivation assay in HEK293T cells, and synergistic effects were observed for the selected PFAS mixtures at sum concentrations higher than 25 µM, whereas additivity was observed at sum concentrations lower than 25 µM. Of note, any effect observed in the in vitro assays occurred at PFAS concentrations that were at least four to five magnitudes above real-life internal exposure levels of the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Sadrabadi
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jimmy Alarcan
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heike Sprenger
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Albert Braeuning
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thorsten Buhrke
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany.
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4
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Mertens S, Verbraeken L, Sprenger H, De Meyer S, Demuynck K, Cannoot B, Merchie J, De Block J, Vogel JT, Bruce W, Nelissen H, Maere S, Inzé D, Wuyts N. Monitoring of drought stress and transpiration rate using proximal thermal and hyperspectral imaging in an indoor automated plant phenotyping platform. Plant Methods 2023; 19:132. [PMID: 37996870 PMCID: PMC10668392 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-023-01102-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thermography is a popular tool to assess plant water-use behavior, as plant temperature is influenced by transpiration rate, and is commonly used in field experiments to detect plant water deficit. Its application in indoor automated phenotyping platforms is still limited and mainly focuses on differences in plant temperature between genotypes or treatments, instead of estimating stomatal conductance or transpiration rate. In this study, the transferability of commonly used thermography analysis protocols from the field to greenhouse phenotyping platforms was evaluated. In addition, the added value of combining thermal infrared (TIR) with hyperspectral imaging to monitor drought effects on plant transpiration rate (E) was evaluated. RESULTS The sensitivity of commonly used TIR indices to detect drought-induced and genotypic differences in water status was investigated in eight maize inbred lines in the automated phenotyping platform PHENOVISION. Indices that normalized plant temperature for vapor pressure deficit and/or air temperature at the time of imaging were most sensitive to drought and could detect genotypic differences in the plants' water-use behavior. However, these indices were not strongly correlated to stomatal conductance and E. The canopy temperature depression index, the crop water stress index and the simplified stomatal conductance index were more suitable to monitor these traits, and were consequently used to develop empirical E prediction models by combining them with hyperspectral indices and/or environmental variables. Different modeling strategies were evaluated, including single index-based, machine learning and mechanistic models. Model comparison showed that combining multiple TIR indices in a random forest model can improve E prediction accuracy, and that the contribution of the hyperspectral data is limited when multiple indices are used. However, the empirical models trained on one genotype were not transferable to all eight inbred lines. CONCLUSION Overall, this study demonstrates that existing TIR indices can be used to monitor drought stress and develop E prediction models in an indoor setup, as long as the indices normalize plant temperature for ambient air temperature or relative humidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stien Mertens
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Lennart Verbraeken
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Heike Sprenger
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
- Food Safety Department , German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sam De Meyer
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
- Robovision, Technologiepark 80, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Kirin Demuynck
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Bernard Cannoot
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Julie Merchie
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
- Eenheid Plant, Instituut voor Landbouw, Visserij-en Voedingsonderzoek (ILVO), Caritasstraat 39, 9090, Melle, Belgium
| | - Jolien De Block
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | | | - Wesley Bruce
- BASF Corporation, 2 TW Alexander Drive, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Hilde Nelissen
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Steven Maere
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium.
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium.
| | - Nathalie Wuyts
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
- Plant Production Systems, Cultivation Techniques and Varieties in Arable Farming, Agroscope, Route de Duillier 50, 1260, Nyon, Switzerland
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5
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Blaschke V, Berten A, Sprenger H, Zagon J, Winkel M. Filling Analytical Gaps in Allergen Detection─Real-Time PCR for the Detection of Commercially Relevant Cephalopods and Gastropods in Food. J Agric Food Chem 2023; 71:12029-12042. [PMID: 37500067 PMCID: PMC10416776 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c08966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Mollusks belong to the group of shellfish, which are considered to be among the elicitors of severe food allergies worldwide. In recent years, numerous PCR detection methods have been developed for other shellfish such as crustaceans. However, cephalopods and gastropods were not considered in the development of these shellfish detection systems. In this study, we have developed highly specific real-time PCR methods for the comprehensive detection of all commercially relevant cephalopod species and the gastropod families Helicidae, Buccinidae, and Muricidae in food matrices. In total, we cross-tested over 100 animal and plant species to show the specificity of our systems. The limit of detection (LOD12) was set at 1 pg of cephalopod and gastropod DNA or 10 ppm (mg/kg) spiked in a vegetarian food product. The robustness of the protocol was confirmed by testing multiple parameters while cooking and autoclaving of samples ensured the practical applicability of the systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Blaschke
- Department
of Food Safety, German Federal Institute
for Risk Assessment (BfR), P.O. Box 330013, D-14191 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alea Berten
- Technische
Universität Berlin, Institute for
Food Technology and Food Chemistry, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin, Germany
| | - Heike Sprenger
- Department
of Food Safety, German Federal Institute
for Risk Assessment (BfR), P.O. Box 330013, D-14191 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jutta Zagon
- Department
of Food Safety, German Federal Institute
for Risk Assessment (BfR), P.O. Box 330013, D-14191 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Winkel
- Department
of Food Safety, German Federal Institute
for Risk Assessment (BfR), P.O. Box 330013, D-14191 Berlin, Germany
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6
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De Meyer S, Cruz DF, De Swaef T, Lootens P, De Block J, Bird K, Sprenger H, Van de Voorde M, Hawinkel S, Van Hautegem T, Inzé D, Nelissen H, Roldán-Ruiz I, Maere S. Predicting yield of individual field-grown rapeseed plants from rosette-stage leaf gene expression. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1011161. [PMID: 37253069 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the plant sciences, results of laboratory studies often do not translate well to the field. To help close this lab-field gap, we developed a strategy for studying the wiring of plant traits directly in the field, based on molecular profiling and phenotyping of individual plants. Here, we use this single-plant omics strategy on winter-type Brassica napus (rapeseed). We investigate to what extent early and late phenotypes of field-grown rapeseed plants can be predicted from their autumnal leaf gene expression, and find that autumnal leaf gene expression not only has substantial predictive power for autumnal leaf phenotypes but also for final yield phenotypes in spring. Many of the top predictor genes are linked to developmental processes known to occur in autumn in winter-type B. napus accessions, such as the juvenile-to-adult and vegetative-to-reproductive phase transitions, indicating that the yield potential of winter-type B. napus is influenced by autumnal development. Our results show that single-plant omics can be used to identify genes and processes influencing crop yield in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam De Meyer
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Daniel Felipe Cruz
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom De Swaef
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Melle, Belgium
| | - Peter Lootens
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Melle, Belgium
| | - Jolien De Block
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kevin Bird
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Heike Sprenger
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Michael Van de Voorde
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stijn Hawinkel
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Van Hautegem
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hilde Nelissen
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Isabel Roldán-Ruiz
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Melle, Belgium
| | - Steven Maere
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
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Sprenger H, Kreuzer K, Alarcan J, Herrmann K, Buchmüller J, Marx-Stoelting P, Braeuning A. Use of transcriptomics in hazard identification and next generation risk assessment: A case study with clothianidin. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 166:113212. [PMID: 35690182 PMCID: PMC9339662 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Toxicological risk assessment is essential in the evaluation and authorization of different classes of chemical substances. Genotoxicity and mutagenicity testing are of highest priority and rely on established in vitro systems with bacterial and mammalian cells, sometimes followed by in vivo testing using rodent animal models. Transcriptomic approaches have recently also shown their value to determine transcript signatures specific for genotoxicity. Here, we studied how transcriptomic data, in combination with in vitro tests with human cells, can be used for the identification of genotoxic properties of test compounds. To this end, we used liver samples from a 28-day oral toxicity study in rats with the pesticidal active substances imazalil, thiacloprid, and clothianidin, a neonicotinoid-type insecticide with, amongst others, known hepatotoxic properties. Transcriptomic results were bioinformatically evaluated and pointed towards a genotoxic potential of clothianidin. In vitro Comet and γH2AX assays in human HepaRG hepatoma cells, complemented by in silico analyses of mutagenicity, were conducted as follow-up experiments to check if the genotoxicity alert from the transcriptomic study is in line with results from a battery of guideline genotoxicity studies. Our results illustrate the combined use of toxicogenomics, classic toxicological data and new approach methods in risk assessment. By means of a weight-of-evidence decision, we conclude that clothianidin does most likely not pose genotoxic risks to humans. Analysis of clothianidin genotoxicity in silico, in vitro and in vivo. Application of a toxicogenomics approach to analyze genotoxicity. Weight-of-evidence decision supports classification as “non-genotoxic”.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Sprenger
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Dept. Food Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrin Kreuzer
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Dept. Food Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jimmy Alarcan
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Dept. Food Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristin Herrmann
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Dept. Pesticides Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Buchmüller
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Dept. Food Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philip Marx-Stoelting
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Dept. Pesticides Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | - Albert Braeuning
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Dept. Food Safety, Berlin, Germany.
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8
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Enge AM, Sprenger H, Braeuning A, Hessel-Pras S. Identification of microRNAs Implicated in Modulating Senecionine-Induced Liver Toxicity in HepaRG Cells. Foods 2022; 11:foods11040532. [PMID: 35206009 PMCID: PMC8871147 DOI: 10.3390/foods11040532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
1,2-unsaturated Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids (PAs) are secondary plant metabolites that occur as food contaminants. Upon consumption, they can cause severe liver damage. PAs have been shown to induce apoptosis, to have cytotoxic and genotoxic effects, and to impair bile acid homeostasis in the human hepatoma cell line HepaRG. The major mode of action of PAs is DNA- and protein-adduct formation. Beyond that, nuclear receptor activation has only been observed for one receptor and two PAs, yielding the possibility that other cellular mediators are involved in PA-mediated toxicity. Here, the mode of action of Senecionine (Sc), a prominent and ubiquitous representative of hepatotoxic PAs, was investigated by analyzing 7 hepatic microRNAs (miRNAs) in HepaRG cells. Ultimately, 11 target genes that were predicted with Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software (IPA) were found to be significantly downregulated, while their assigned miRNAs showed significant upregulation of gene expression. According to IPA, these targets are positively correlated with apoptosis and cellular death and are involved in diseases such as hepatocellular carcinoma. Subsequent antagomiR-inhibition analysis revealed a significant correlation between PA-induced miRNA-4434 induction and P21-Activated Kinase-1 (PAK1) downregulation. PAK1 downregulation is usually associated with cell cycle arrest, suggesting a new function of Sc-mediated toxicity in human liver cells.
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9
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Kling S, Lang B, Hammer HS, Naboulsi W, Sprenger H, Frenzel F, Pötz O, Schwarz M, Braeuning A, Templin MF. Characterization of hepatic zonation in mice by mass-spectrometric and antibody-based proteomics approaches. Biol Chem 2021; 403:331-343. [PMID: 34599868 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2021-0314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Periportal and perivenous hepatocytes show zonal heterogeneity in metabolism and signaling. Here, hepatic zonation in mouse liver was analyzed by non-targeted mass spectrometry (MS) and by the antibody-based DigiWest technique, yielding a comprehensive overview of protein expression in periportal and perivenous hepatocytes. Targeted immunoaffinity-based proteomics were used to substantiate findings related to drug metabolism. 165 (MS) and 82 (DigiWest) zonated proteins were identified based on the selected criteria for statistical significance, including 7 (MS) and 43 (DigiWest) proteins not identified as zonated before. New zonated proteins especially comprised kinases and phosphatases related to growth factor-dependent signaling, with mainly periportal localization. Moreover, the mainly perivenous zonation of a large panel of cytochrome P450 enzymes was characterized. DigiWest data were shown to complement the MS results, substantially improving possibilities to bioinformatically identify zonated biological processes. Data mining revealed key regulators and pathways preferentially active in either periportal or perivenous hepatocytes, with β-catenin signaling and nuclear xeno-sensing receptors as the most prominent perivenous regulators, and several kinase- and G-protein-dependent signaling cascades active mainly in periportal hepatocytes. In summary, the present data substantially broaden our knowledge of hepatic zonation in mouse liver at the protein level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Kling
- Natural and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Tübingen, Markwiesenstr. 55, D-72770Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Benedikt Lang
- Natural and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Tübingen, Markwiesenstr. 55, D-72770Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Helen S Hammer
- Natural and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Tübingen, Markwiesenstr. 55, D-72770Reutlingen, Germany.,Signatope, Markwiesenstr. 55, D-72770Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Wael Naboulsi
- Signatope, Markwiesenstr. 55, D-72770Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Heike Sprenger
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, D-10589Berlin, Germany
| | - Falko Frenzel
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, D-10589Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Pötz
- Signatope, Markwiesenstr. 55, D-72770Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Michael Schwarz
- Department of Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wilhelmstr. 56, D-72074Tübingen, Germany
| | - Albert Braeuning
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, D-10589Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus F Templin
- Natural and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Tübingen, Markwiesenstr. 55, D-72770Reutlingen, Germany
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10
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Lichtenstein D, Mentz A, Sprenger H, Schmidt FF, Albaum SP, Kalinowski J, Planatscher H, Joos TO, Poetz O, Braeuning A. A targeted transcriptomics approach for the determination of mixture effects of pesticides. Toxicology 2021; 460:152892. [PMID: 34371104 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
While real-life exposure occurs to complex chemical mixtures, toxicological risk assessment mostly focuses on individual compounds. There is an increasing demand for in vitro tools and strategies for mixture toxicity analysis. Based on a previously established set of hepatotoxicity marker genes, we analyzed mixture effects of non-cytotoxic concentrations of different pesticides in exposure-relevant binary mixtures in human HepaRG hepatocarcinoma cells using targeted transcriptomics. An approach for mixture analysis at the level of a complex endpoint such as a transcript pattern is presented, including mixture design based on relative transcriptomic potencies and similarities. From a mechanistic point of view, goal of the study was to evaluate combinations of chemicals with varying degrees of similarity in order to determine whether differences in mechanisms of action lead to different mixtures effects. Using a model deviation ratio-based approach for assessing mixture effects, it was revealed that most data points are consistent with the assumption of dose addition. A tendency for synergistic effects was only observed at high concentrations of some combinations of the test compounds azoxystrobin, cyproconazole, difenoconazole, propiconazole and thiacloprid, which may not be representative of human real-life exposure. In summary, the findings of our study suggest that, for the pesticide mixtures investigated, risk assessment based on the general assumption of dose addition can be considered sufficiently protective for consumers. The way of data analysis presented in this paper can pave the way for a more comprehensive use of multi-gene expression data in experimental studies related to mixture toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dajana Lichtenstein
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Dept. Food Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | - Almut Mentz
- University of Bielefeld, CeBiTec, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Heike Sprenger
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Dept. Food Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix F Schmidt
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen/Reutlingen, Germany; Signatope GmbH, 72770, Reutlingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Thomas O Joos
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen/Reutlingen, Germany; Signatope GmbH, 72770, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Poetz
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen/Reutlingen, Germany; Signatope GmbH, 72770, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Albert Braeuning
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Dept. Food Safety, Berlin, Germany.
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11
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Schumacher C, Thümecke S, Schilling F, Köhl K, Kopka J, Sprenger H, Hincha DK, Walther D, Seddig S, Peters R, Zuther E, Haas M, Horn R. Genome-Wide Approach to Identify Quantitative Trait Loci for Drought Tolerance in Tetraploid Potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116123. [PMID: 34200118 PMCID: PMC8201130 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought represents a major abiotic stress factor negatively affecting growth, yield and tuber quality of potatoes. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analyses were performed in cultivated potatoes for drought tolerance index DRYM (deviation of relative starch yield from the experimental median), tuber starch content, tuber starch yield, tuber fresh weight, selected transcripts and metabolites under control and drought stress conditions. Eight genomic regions of major interest for drought tolerance were identified, three representing standalone DRYM QTL. Candidate genes, e.g., from signaling pathways for ethylene, abscisic acid and brassinosteroids, and genes encoding cell wall remodeling enzymes were identified within DRYM QTL. Co-localizations of DRYM QTL and QTL for tuber starch content, tuber starch yield and tuber fresh weight with underlying genes of the carbohydrate metabolism were observed. Overlaps of DRYM QTL with metabolite QTL for ribitol or galactinol may indicate trade-offs between starch and compatible solute biosynthesis. Expression QTL confirmed the drought stress relevance of selected transcripts by overlaps with DRYM QTL. Bulked segregant analyses combined with next-generation sequencing (BSAseq) were used to identify mutations in genes under the DRYM QTL on linkage group 3. Future analyses of identified genes for drought tolerance will give a better insight into drought tolerance in potatoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Schumacher
- Department of Plant Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3, 18059 Rostock, Germany; (C.S.); (S.T.); (F.S.)
| | - Susanne Thümecke
- Department of Plant Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3, 18059 Rostock, Germany; (C.S.); (S.T.); (F.S.)
| | - Florian Schilling
- Department of Plant Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3, 18059 Rostock, Germany; (C.S.); (S.T.); (F.S.)
| | - Karin Köhl
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; (K.K.); (J.K.); (H.S.); (D.K.H.); (D.W.); (E.Z.); (M.H.)
| | - Joachim Kopka
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; (K.K.); (J.K.); (H.S.); (D.K.H.); (D.W.); (E.Z.); (M.H.)
| | - Heike Sprenger
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; (K.K.); (J.K.); (H.S.); (D.K.H.); (D.W.); (E.Z.); (M.H.)
| | - Dirk Karl Hincha
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; (K.K.); (J.K.); (H.S.); (D.K.H.); (D.W.); (E.Z.); (M.H.)
| | - Dirk Walther
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; (K.K.); (J.K.); (H.S.); (D.K.H.); (D.W.); (E.Z.); (M.H.)
| | - Sylvia Seddig
- Institute for Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, Julius-Kühn Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Rudolf-Schick-Platz 3, 18190 Sanitz, Germany;
| | - Rolf Peters
- Landwirtschaftskammer Niedersachsen, Dethlingen 14, 29633 Munster, Germany;
| | - Ellen Zuther
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; (K.K.); (J.K.); (H.S.); (D.K.H.); (D.W.); (E.Z.); (M.H.)
| | - Manuela Haas
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; (K.K.); (J.K.); (H.S.); (D.K.H.); (D.W.); (E.Z.); (M.H.)
| | - Renate Horn
- Department of Plant Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3, 18059 Rostock, Germany; (C.S.); (S.T.); (F.S.)
- Correspondence:
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12
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Mertens S, Verbraeken L, Sprenger H, Demuynck K, Maleux K, Cannoot B, De Block J, Maere S, Nelissen H, Bonaventure G, Crafts-Brandner SJ, Vogel JT, Bruce W, Inzé D, Wuyts N. Proximal Hyperspectral Imaging Detects Diurnal and Drought-Induced Changes in Maize Physiology. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:640914. [PMID: 33692820 PMCID: PMC7937976 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.640914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Hyperspectral imaging is a promising tool for non-destructive phenotyping of plant physiological traits, which has been transferred from remote to proximal sensing applications, and from manual laboratory setups to automated plant phenotyping platforms. Due to the higher resolution in proximal sensing, illumination variation and plant geometry result in increased non-biological variation in plant spectra that may mask subtle biological differences. Here, a better understanding of spectral measurements for proximal sensing and their application to study drought, developmental and diurnal responses was acquired in a drought case study of maize grown in a greenhouse phenotyping platform with a hyperspectral imaging setup. The use of brightness classification to reduce the illumination-induced non-biological variation is demonstrated, and allowed the detection of diurnal, developmental and early drought-induced changes in maize reflectance and physiology. Diurnal changes in transpiration rate and vapor pressure deficit were significantly correlated with red and red-edge reflectance. Drought-induced changes in effective quantum yield and water potential were accurately predicted using partial least squares regression and the newly developed Water Potential Index 2, respectively. The prediction accuracy of hyperspectral indices and partial least squares regression were similar, as long as a strong relationship between the physiological trait and reflectance was present. This demonstrates that current hyperspectral processing approaches can be used in automated plant phenotyping platforms to monitor physiological traits with a high temporal resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stien Mertens
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lennart Verbraeken
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Heike Sprenger
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kirin Demuynck
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katrien Maleux
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bernard Cannoot
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jolien De Block
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steven Maere
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hilde Nelissen
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Wesley Bruce
- BASF Corporation, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Wuyts
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
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13
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Goedtke L, Sprenger H, Hofmann U, Schmidt FF, Hammer HS, Zanger UM, Poetz O, Seidel A, Braeuning A, Hessel-Pras S. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Activate the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor and the Constitutive Androstane Receptor to Regulate Xenobiotic Metabolism in Human Liver Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010372. [PMID: 33396476 PMCID: PMC7796163 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are environmental pollutants produced by incomplete combustion of organic matter. They induce their own metabolism by upregulating xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes such as cytochrome P450 monooxygenase 1A1 (CYP1A1) by activating the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). However, previous studies showed that individual PAHs may also interact with the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR). Here, we studied ten PAHs, different in carcinogenicity classification, for their potential to activate AHR- and CAR-dependent luciferase reporter genes in human liver cells. The majority of investigated PAHs activated AHR, while non-carcinogenic PAHs tended to activate CAR. We further characterized gene expression, protein abundancies and activities of the AHR targets CYP1A1 and 1A2, and the CAR target CYP2B6 in human HepaRG hepatoma cells. Enzyme induction patterns strongly resembled the profiles obtained at the receptor level, with AHR-activating PAHs inducing CYP1A1/1A2 and CAR-activating PAHs inducing CYP2B6. In summary, this study provides evidence that beside well-known activation of AHR, some PAHs also activate CAR, followed by subsequent expression of respective target genes. Furthermore, we found that an increased PAH ring number is associated with AHR activation as well as the induction of DNA double-strand breaks, whereas smaller PAHs activated CAR but showed no DNA-damaging potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Goedtke
- Department Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (L.G.); (H.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Heike Sprenger
- Department Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (L.G.); (H.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Ute Hofmann
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Auerbachstr. 112, 70376 Stuttgart, and University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany; (U.H.); (U.M.Z.)
| | - Felix F. Schmidt
- SIGNATOPE GmbH, Markwiesenstraße 55, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany; (F.F.S.); (H.S.H.); (O.P.)
| | - Helen S. Hammer
- SIGNATOPE GmbH, Markwiesenstraße 55, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany; (F.F.S.); (H.S.H.); (O.P.)
| | - Ulrich M. Zanger
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Auerbachstr. 112, 70376 Stuttgart, and University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany; (U.H.); (U.M.Z.)
| | - Oliver Poetz
- SIGNATOPE GmbH, Markwiesenstraße 55, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany; (F.F.S.); (H.S.H.); (O.P.)
| | - Albrecht Seidel
- Biochemical Institute for Environmental Carcinogens, Prof. Dr. Gernot Grimmer Foundation, Lurup 4, 22927 Grosshansdorf, Germany;
| | - Albert Braeuning
- Department Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (L.G.); (H.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Stefanie Hessel-Pras
- Department Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (L.G.); (H.S.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-30-18412-25203
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14
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Cruz DF, De Meyer S, Ampe J, Sprenger H, Herman D, Van Hautegem T, De Block J, Inzé D, Nelissen H, Maere S. Using single-plant-omics in the field to link maize genes to functions and phenotypes. Mol Syst Biol 2020; 16:e9667. [PMID: 33346944 PMCID: PMC7751767 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20209667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Most of our current knowledge on plant molecular biology is based on experiments in controlled laboratory environments. However, translating this knowledge from the laboratory to the field is often not straightforward, in part because field growth conditions are very different from laboratory conditions. Here, we test a new experimental design to unravel the molecular wiring of plants and study gene-phenotype relationships directly in the field. We molecularly profiled a set of individual maize plants of the same inbred background grown in the same field and used the resulting data to predict the phenotypes of individual plants and the function of maize genes. We show that the field transcriptomes of individual plants contain as much information on maize gene function as traditional laboratory-generated transcriptomes of pooled plant samples subject to controlled perturbations. Moreover, we show that field-generated transcriptome and metabolome data can be used to quantitatively predict individual plant phenotypes. Our results show that profiling individual plants in the field is a promising experimental design that could help narrow the lab-field gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Felipe Cruz
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems BiologyGhentBelgium
| | - Sam De Meyer
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems BiologyGhentBelgium
| | - Joke Ampe
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems BiologyGhentBelgium
| | - Heike Sprenger
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems BiologyGhentBelgium
| | - Dorota Herman
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems BiologyGhentBelgium
| | - Tom Van Hautegem
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems BiologyGhentBelgium
| | - Jolien De Block
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems BiologyGhentBelgium
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems BiologyGhentBelgium
| | - Hilde Nelissen
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems BiologyGhentBelgium
| | - Steven Maere
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems BiologyGhentBelgium
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15
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Nelissen H, Sprenger H, Demuynck K, De Block J, Van Hautegem T, De Vliegher A, Inzé D. From laboratory to field: yield stability and shade avoidance genes are massively differentially expressed in the field. Plant Biotechnol J 2020; 18:1112-1114. [PMID: 31587443 PMCID: PMC7152599 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hilde Nelissen
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems BiologyGhentBelgium
| | - Heike Sprenger
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems BiologyGhentBelgium
| | - Kirin Demuynck
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems BiologyGhentBelgium
| | - Jolien De Block
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems BiologyGhentBelgium
| | - Tom Van Hautegem
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems BiologyGhentBelgium
| | - Alex De Vliegher
- Crop Husbandry and EnvironmentInstitute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO)MerelbekeBelgium
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems BiologyGhentBelgium
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16
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Haas M, Sprenger H, Zuther E, Peters R, Seddig S, Walther D, Kopka J, Hincha DK, Köhl KI. Can Metabolite- and Transcript-Based Selection for Drought Tolerance in Solanum tuberosum Replace Selection on Yield in Arid Environments? Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:1071. [PMID: 32793257 PMCID: PMC7385397 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Climate models predict an increased likelihood of drought, demanding efficient selection for drought tolerance to maintain yield stability. Classic tolerance breeding relies on selection for yield in arid environments, which depends on yield trials and takes decades. Breeding could be accelerated by marker-assisted selection (MAS). As an alternative to genomic markers, transcript and metabolite markers have been suggested for important crops but also for orphan corps. For potato, we suggested a random-forest-based model that predicts tolerance from leaf metabolite and transcript levels with a precision of more than 90% independent of the agro-environment. To find out how the model based selection compares to yield-based selection in arid environments, we applied this approach to a population of 200 tetraploid Solanum tuberosum ssp. tuberosum lines segregating for drought tolerance. Twenty-four lines were selected into a phenotypic subpopulation (PPt) for superior tolerance based on relative tuber starch yield data from three drought stress trials. Two subpopulations with superior (MPt) and inferior (MPs) tolerance were selected based on drought tolerance predictions based on leaf metabolite and transcript levels from two sites. The 60 selected lines were phenotyped for yield and drought tolerance in 10 multi-environment drought stress trials representing typical Central European drought scenarios. Neither selection affected development or yield potential. Lines with superior drought tolerance and high yields under stress were over-represented in both populations selected for superior tolerance, with a higher number in PPt compared to MPt. However, selection based on leaf metabolites may still be an alternative to yield-based selection in arid environments as it works on leaves sampled in breeder's fields independent of drought trials. As the selection against low tolerance was ineffective, the method is best used in combination with tools that select against sensitive genotypes. Thus, metabolic and transcript marker-based selection for drought tolerance is a viable alternative to the selection on yield in arid environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Haas
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Heike Sprenger
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Ellen Zuther
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Rolf Peters
- Versuchsstation Dethlingen, Landwirtschaftskammer Niedersachsen, Munster, Germany
| | - Sylvia Seddig
- Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, Julius-Kühn Institut, Sanitz, Germany
| | - Dirk Walther
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Joachim Kopka
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Dirk K. Hincha
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Karin I. Köhl
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- *Correspondence: Karin I. Köhl,
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17
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Zuther E, Schaarschmidt S, Fischer A, Erban A, Pagter M, Mubeen U, Giavalisco P, Kopka J, Sprenger H, Hincha DK. Molecular signatures associated with increased freezing tolerance due to low temperature memory in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell Environ 2019; 42:854-873. [PMID: 30548618 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Alternating temperatures require fast and coordinated adaptation responses of plants. Cold acclimation has been extensively investigated and results in increased freezing tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we show that the two Arabidopsis accessions, Col-0 and N14, which differ in their freezing tolerance, showed memory of cold acclimation, that is, cold priming. Freezing tolerance was higher in plants exposed to cold priming at 4°C, a lag phase at 20°C, and a second triggering cold stress (4°C) than in plants that were only cold primed. To our knowledge, this is the first report on cold memory improving plant freezing tolerance. The triggering response was distinguishable from the priming response at the levels of gene expression (RNA-Seq), lipid (ultraperformance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry), and metabolite composition (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry). Transcriptomic responses pointed to induced lipid, secondary metabolism, and stress in Col-0 and growth-related functions in N14. Specific accumulation of lipids included arabidopsides with possible functions as signalling molecules or precursors of jasmonic acid. Whereas cold-induced metabolites such as raffinose and its precursors were maintained in N14 during the lag phase, they were strongly accumulated in Col-0 after the cold trigger. This indicates genetic differences in the transcriptomic and metabolic patterns during cold memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Zuther
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Axel Fischer
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Alexander Erban
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Majken Pagter
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg East, Denmark
| | - Umarah Mubeen
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Joachim Kopka
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Heike Sprenger
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Dirk K Hincha
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
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18
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Sprenger H, Erban A, Seddig S, Rudack K, Thalhammer A, Le MQ, Walther D, Zuther E, Köhl KI, Kopka J, Hincha DK. Metabolite and transcript markers for the prediction of potato drought tolerance. Plant Biotechnol J 2018; 16:939-950. [PMID: 28929574 PMCID: PMC5866952 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the most important food crops worldwide. Current potato varieties are highly susceptible to drought stress. In view of global climate change, selection of cultivars with improved drought tolerance and high yield potential is of paramount importance. Drought tolerance breeding of potato is currently based on direct selection according to yield and phenotypic traits and requires multiple trials under drought conditions. Marker-assisted selection (MAS) is cheaper, faster and reduces classification errors caused by noncontrolled environmental effects. We analysed 31 potato cultivars grown under optimal and reduced water supply in six independent field trials. Drought tolerance was determined as tuber starch yield. Leaf samples from young plants were screened for preselected transcript and nontargeted metabolite abundance using qRT-PCR and GC-MS profiling, respectively. Transcript marker candidates were selected from a published RNA-Seq data set. A Random Forest machine learning approach extracted metabolite and transcript markers for drought tolerance prediction with low error rates of 6% and 9%, respectively. Moreover, by combining transcript and metabolite markers, the prediction error was reduced to 4.3%. Feature selection from Random Forest models allowed model minimization, yielding a minimal combination of only 20 metabolite and transcript markers that were successfully tested for their reproducibility in 16 independent agronomic field trials. We demonstrate that a minimum combination of transcript and metabolite markers sampled at early cultivation stages predicts potato yield stability under drought largely independent of seasonal and regional agronomic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Sprenger
- Max‐Planck‐Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyPotsdamGermany
- Present address:
VIB‐UGent Center for Plant Systems BiologyTechnologiepark 9279052GhentBelgium
| | - Alexander Erban
- Max‐Planck‐Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyPotsdamGermany
| | - Sylvia Seddig
- Federal Research Centre for Cultivated PlantsJulius‐Kühn InstitutInstitute for Resistance Research and Stress ToleranceSanitzGermany
| | - Katharina Rudack
- Federal Research Centre for Cultivated PlantsJulius‐Kühn InstitutInstitute for Resistance Research and Stress ToleranceSanitzGermany
| | - Anja Thalhammer
- Max‐Planck‐Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyPotsdamGermany
- Present address:
University of PotsdamKarl‐Liebknecht‐Straße 24‐2514476PotsdamGermany
| | - Mai Q. Le
- VNU‐University of SciencesThanh XuanHanoiVietnam
| | - Dirk Walther
- Max‐Planck‐Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyPotsdamGermany
| | - Ellen Zuther
- Max‐Planck‐Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyPotsdamGermany
| | - Karin I. Köhl
- Max‐Planck‐Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyPotsdamGermany
| | - Joachim Kopka
- Max‐Planck‐Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyPotsdamGermany
| | - Dirk K. Hincha
- Max‐Planck‐Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyPotsdamGermany
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Sprenger H, Kurowsky C, Horn R, Erban A, Seddig S, Rudack K, Fischer A, Walther D, Zuther E, Köhl K, Hincha DK, Kopka J. The drought response of potato reference cultivars with contrasting tolerance. Plant Cell Environ 2016; 39:2370-2389. [PMID: 27341794 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Systems responses to drought stress of four potato reference cultivars with differential drought tolerance (Solanum tuberosum L.) were investigated by metabolome profiling and RNA sequencing. Systems analysis was based on independent field and greenhouse trials. Robust differential drought responses across all cultivars under both conditions comprised changes of proline, raffinose, galactinol, arabitol, arabinonic acid, chlorogenic acid and 102 transcript levels. The encoded genes contained a high proportion of heat shock proteins and proteins with signalling or regulatory functions, for example, a homolog of abscisic acid receptor PYL4. Constitutive differences of the tolerant compared with the sensitive cultivars included arbutin, octopamine, ribitol and 248 transcripts. The gene products of many of these transcripts were pathogen response related, such as receptor kinases, or regulatory proteins, for example, a homolog of the Arabidopsis FOUR LIPS MYB-regulator of stomatal cell proliferation. Functional enrichment analyses imply heat stress as a major acclimation component of potato leaves to long-term drought stress. Enhanced heat stress during drought can be caused by loss of transpiration cooling. This effect and CO2 limitation are the main consequences of drought-induced or abscisic acid-induced stomatal closure. Constitutive differences in metabolite and transcript levels between tolerant and sensitive cultivars indicate interactions of drought tolerance and pathogen resistance in potato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Sprenger
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476, Golm, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Christina Kurowsky
- Institut für Biowissenschaften und Pflanzengenetik, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3, D-18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Renate Horn
- Institut für Biowissenschaften und Pflanzengenetik, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3, D-18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Alexander Erban
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476, Golm, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sylvia Seddig
- Institute for Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, Julius-Kühn Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Rudolf-Schick-Platz 3, D-18190, Sanitz, Germany
| | - Katharina Rudack
- Institute for Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, Julius-Kühn Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Rudolf-Schick-Platz 3, D-18190, Sanitz, Germany
| | - Axel Fischer
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476, Golm, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Dirk Walther
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476, Golm, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ellen Zuther
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476, Golm, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Karin Köhl
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476, Golm, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Dirk K Hincha
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476, Golm, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Joachim Kopka
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476, Golm, Potsdam, Germany.
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Sprenger H, Rudack K, Schudoma C, Neumann A, Seddig S, Peters R, Zuther E, Kopka J, Hincha DK, Walther D, Köhl K. Assessment of drought tolerance and its potential yield penalty in potato. Funct Plant Biol 2015; 42:655-667. [PMID: 32480709 DOI: 10.1071/fp15013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Climate models predict an increased likelihood of seasonal droughts for many areas of the world. Breeding for drought tolerance could be accelerated by marker-assisted selection. As a basis for marker identification, we studied the genetic variance, predictability of field performance and potential costs of tolerance in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Potato produces high calories per unit of water invested, but is drought-sensitive. In 14 independent pot or field trials, 34 potato cultivars were grown under optimal and reduced water supply to determine starch yield. In an artificial dataset, we tested several stress indices for their power to distinguish tolerant and sensitive genotypes independent of their yield potential. We identified the deviation of relative starch yield from the experimental median (DRYM) as the most efficient index. DRYM corresponded qualitatively to the partial least square model-based metric of drought stress tolerance in a stress effect model. The DRYM identified significant tolerance variation in the European potato cultivar population to allow tolerance breeding and marker identification. Tolerance results from pot trials correlated with those from field trials but predicted field performance worse than field growth parameters. Drought tolerance correlated negatively with yield under optimal conditions in the field. The distribution of yield data versus DRYM indicated that tolerance can be combined with average yield potentials, thus circumventing potential yield penalties in tolerance breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Sprenger
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Christian Schudoma
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | | | | | - Rolf Peters
- Landwirtschaftskammer Niedersachsen, 29633 Dethlingen, Germany
| | - Ellen Zuther
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Joachim Kopka
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Dirk K Hincha
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Dirk Walther
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Karin Köhl
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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Billiau K, Sprenger H, Schudoma C, Walther D, K Hl KI. Data management pipeline for plant phenotyping in a multisite project. Funct Plant Biol 2012; 39:948-957. [PMID: 32480844 DOI: 10.1071/fp12009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In plant breeding, plants have to be characterised precisely, consistently and rapidly by different people at several field sites within defined time spans. For a meaningful data evaluation and statistical analysis, standardised data storage is required. Data access must be provided on a long-term basis and be independent of organisational barriers without endangering data integrity or intellectual property rights. We discuss the associated technical challenges and demonstrate adequate solutions exemplified in a data management pipeline for a project to identify markers for drought tolerance in potato. This project involves 11 groups from academia and breeding companies, 11 sites and four analytical platforms. Our data warehouse concept combines central data storage in databases and a file server and integrates existing and specialised database solutions for particular data types with new, project-specific databases. The strict use of controlled vocabularies and the application of web-access technologies proved vital to the successful data exchange between diverse institutes and data management concepts and infrastructures. By presenting our data management system and making the software available, we aim to support related phenotyping projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenny Billiau
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam OT Golm, Germany
| | - Heike Sprenger
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam OT Golm, Germany
| | - Christian Schudoma
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam OT Golm, Germany
| | - Dirk Walther
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam OT Golm, Germany
| | - Karin I K Hl
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam OT Golm, Germany
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22
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Sprenger H, Zechner EL, Gorkiewicz G. So close and yet so far - Molecular Microbiology of Campylobacter fetus subspecies. Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp) 2012; 2:66-75. [PMID: 24611123 DOI: 10.1556/eujmi.2.2012.1.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Revised: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter fetus comprises two subspecies, C. fetus subsp. fetus and C. fetus subsp. venerealis, which are considered emerging pathogens in humans and animals. Comparisons at the genome level have revealed modest subspecies-specific variation; nevertheless, these two subspecies show distinct host and niche preferences. C. fetus subsp. fetus is a commensal and pathogen of domesticated animals that can be transmitted to humans via contaminated food. The clinical features of human infection can be severe, especially in impaired hosts. In contrast, C. fetus subsp. venerealis is a sexually transmitted pathogen essentially restricted to cattle. Infections leading to bovine venereal campylobacteriosis cause substantial economic losses due to abortion and infertility. Recent genome sequencing of the two subspecies has advanced our understanding of C. fetus adaptations through comparative genomics and the identification of subspecies-specific gene regions predicted to be involved in pathogenesis. The most striking difference between the subspecies is the highly subspecies-specific association of a pathogenicity island in the C. fetus subsp. venerealis chromosome. The inserted region encodes a Type 4 secretion system, which contributes to virulence properties of this organism in vitro. This review describes the main differences in epidemiological, phenotypic, and molecular characteristics of the two subspecies and summarizes recent advances towards understanding the molecular mechanisms of C. fetus pathogenesis.
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23
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Schudoma C, Steinfath M, Sprenger H, van Dongen JT, Hincha D, Zuther E, Geigenberger P, Kopka J, Köhl K, Walther D. Conducting molecular biomarker discovery studies in plants. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 918:127-150. [PMID: 22893290 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-995-2_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Molecular biomarkers are molecules whose concentrations in a biological system inform about the current phenotypical state and, more importantly, may also be predictive of future phenotypic trait endpoints. The identification of biomarkers has gained much attention in targeted plant breeding since technologies have become available that measure many molecules across different levels of molecular organization and at decreasing costs. In this chapter, we outline the general strategy and workflow of conducting biomarker discovery studies. Critical aspects of study design as well as the statistical data analysis and model building will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schudoma
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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24
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Paal
- Chemisches Institut der Universität Erlangen
| | - H. Sprenger
- Chemisches Institut der Universität Erlangen
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25
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Wiesner E, Saager L, Pestel G, Sprenger H, Nägle S, Rothhammer A. Variabilität des Verteilungsvolumens und der Serumkonzentration von Gentamycin bei Intensivpatienten. Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-861747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE Atypical cholinesterase prolongs the duration of neuromuscular blocking drugs such as succinylcholine and mivacurium. Measuring the dibucaine number identifies patients who are at risk. This study shows the frequency distribution of dibucaine numbers routinely measured and discusses avoidable clinical problems and economic implications. METHODS Dibucaine numbers were measured on a Hitachi 917-analyzer and all dibucaine numbers recorded over a period of 4 years were taken into consideration. Repeat observations were excluded. RESULTS A total of 24,830 dibucaine numbers were analysed and numbers below 30 were found in 0.07% ( n=18) giving an incidence of 1:1,400. Dibucaine numbers from 30 to 70 were found in 1.23% ( n=306). On the basis of identification of the Dibucaine numbers we could avoid the administration of succinylcholine or mivacurium resulting in a cost reduction of 12,280 Euro offset against the total laboratory costs amounting to 10,470 Euro. CONCLUSIONS An incidence of 1:1,400 of dibucaine numbers below 30 is higher than documented in the literature. Therefore, routine measurement of dibucaine number is a cost-effective method of identifying patients at increased risk of prolonged neuromuscular blockade due to atypical cholinesterase.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Pestel
- Institut für Anaesthesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Leopoldina-Krankenhaus, Schweinfurt.
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27
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Kaufmann A, Salentin R, Meyer RG, Bussfeld D, Pauligk C, Fesq H, Hofmann P, Nain M, Gemsa D, Sprenger H. Defense against influenza A virus infection: essential role of the chemokine system. Immunobiology 2001; 204:603-13. [PMID: 11846225 DOI: 10.1078/0171-2985-00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Monocytes/macrophages are highly susceptible to an infection with influenza A virus. After infection, de novo virus protein synthesis is detectable but rapidly interrupted before completion of the first viral replication cycle. Within 24-48 hours the infected monocytes die by apoptosis. Before cell death, infected monocytes initiate a cell-specific immune response. This includes the transcription and subsequent release of TNF-alpha (tumor necrosis factor alpha), IL-1beta (Interleukin 1beta), IL-6, type I inferferons and CC chemokines. Enhanced cytokine mRNA expression is due to a prolonged mRNA stability and an augmented gene transcription. Activation of transcription factors such as NF-kappaB (nuclear factor kappaB) and AP-1 are involved in activation of cytokine mRNA transcription. Infection of monocytes with influenza A virus induces the selective expression of mononuclear leukocyte attracting chemokines, such as MCP-1 (monocyte chemotactic protein 1), MIP-1alpha (macrophage inflammatory protein 1alpha) and RANTES (regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted). In striking contrast, the release of the neutrophil-specific chemokines IL-8 (interleukin 8) and GRO-alpha (growth stimulatory activity alpha) is entirely suppressed. This differentially regulated chemokine expression may explain the mononuclear cell infiltrate characteristic for virus-infected tissue. Thus, infection of monocytes/macrophages with influenza A virus primes for a rapid proinflammatory reaction and induces an enhanced immigration of mononuclear cells into infected tissue. Taken together, these mechanisms may prepare the infected host for a fast and virus-specific immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kaufmann
- Institute of Immunology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany.
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28
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Kaufmann A, Salentin R, Gemsa D, Sprenger H. Increase of CCR1 and CCR5 expression and enhanced functional response to MIP-1 alpha during differentiation of human monocytes to macrophages. J Leukoc Biol 2001; 69:248-52. [PMID: 11272275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokines and their receptors regulate migration of leukocytes under normal and inflammatory conditions. In this study, we analyzed the CC chemokine receptor (CCR) expression of monocytes differentiating in vitro to macrophages. We observed a time-dependent change of expression and functional responsiveness of CCR1, CCR2, and CCR5 within 48 h. Whereas freshly harvested monocytes were strongly attracted by monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), a specific ligand for CCR2, only a weak response was observed to macrophage inflammatory protein 1alpha (MIP-1alpha), which binds to CCR1 and CCR5. In striking contrast, differentiated macrophages displayed a strong chemotactic response to MIP-1alpha and only a weak response to MCP-1. These findings were paralleled by intracellular calcium shifts. During the time course of monocyte to macrophage differentiation, mRNA levels and surface expression of CCR2 decreased, whereas that of CCR1 and CCR5 increased. The time-dependent switch from CCR2 on monocytes to CCR1 and CCR5 on mature macrophages reflects a functional change belonging to the differentiation process of monocytes to macrophages and may form the basis for a differential responsiveness of monocytes and macrophages to distinct sets of chemokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kaufmann
- Institute of Immunology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany.
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29
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Nieuwkerk P, Gisolf E, Sprangers M, Danner S, Gisolf EH, Reiss P, Weverling GJ, Duurvoort M, Krijger E, Brouwer E, Visser GR, Klotz A, Benschop C, Wulfert F, Danner SA, de Wolf F, Jurriaans S, Portegies P, Colebunders R, Pelgrom J, Wijnants H, de Roo A, Keersmaekers K, Vandenbruane M, van den Brande D, James T, van Wanzeele F, van der Gucht B, van der Ende ME, Nouwen J, Deenenkamp R, van der Meyden D, Koopmans PP, Brinkman K, ter Hofstede H, Zomer B, Blok WL, Ruissen C, Sprenger H, Law G, van der Meulen P, ten Veen C, Juttmann JR, van der Heul C, Santegoets R, van der Ven B, Gasthuis K, haarlem, ten Kate RW, Schoemaker M, Kauffmann RH, Henrichs JM, Maat A, Prins E, ten Napel CH, Pogany K, Duyts T, Lansink T, Simons P, Lacor P, de Waele A, van Wijngaarden E, Lejeune M, Scholte R, Dijkman J. Adherence over 48 Weeks in An Antiretroviral Clinical Trial: Variable within Patients, Affected by Toxicities and Independently Predictive of Virological Response. Antivir Ther 2001. [DOI: 10.1177/135965350100600203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To investigate adherence to antiretroviral therapy over 48 weeks, to investigate the association between adherence and treatment-related symptoms and to investigate the impact of adherence on virological response over 48 weeks among established predictors of treatment success. Methods One-hundred-and-sixty HIV-1 infected protease inhibitor- and stavudine-naive patients participating in a trial of ritonavir/saquinavir versus ritonavir/saquinavir/ stavudine completed an adherence questionnaire and a symptom checklist at weeks 12, 24, 36 and 48. We calculated odds ratios between experienced symptoms and non-adherence. Regression models were used to determine predictors of HIV-1 RNA below 400 copies/ml at week 48, and of the area about the change from baseline over 48 weeks (ACFB) in serum HIV-1 RNA. Results The percentage of patients reporting missing medication, deviation from time schedule, and dietary prescriptions at separate time-points ranged from 12 to 15%, 32 to 35% and 17 to 22%, respectively. The percentage that changed their level of adherence during 48 weeks ranged from 29% for skipping medication to 48% for deviation from time-schedule. Experienced side-effects were associated with an increased likelihood of non-adherence. Not skipping medication was an independent predictor of both having a serum HIV-1 RNA below 400 copies/ml at week 48 and the ACFB over 48 weeks in serum HIV-1 RNA. Conclusions Adherence was an independent predictor of virological response over 48 weeks. The level of adherence is variable within patients over time. This suggests the need for continued adherence monitoring in all patients as part of standard medical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pythia Nieuwkerk
- Department of Medical Psychology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Gisolf
- National AIDS Therapy Evaluation Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam Sprangers
- Department of Medical Psychology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sven Danner
- National AIDS Therapy Evaluation Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Tropical Medicine and AIDS, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - J Pelgrom
- Institute for Tropical Medicine, Antwerp
| | - H Wijnants
- Institute for Tropical Medicine, Antwerp
| | - A de Roo
- Institute for Tropical Medicine, Antwerp
| | | | | | | | - T James
- Institute for Tropical Medicine, Antwerp
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - B Zomer
- University Hospital Nijmegen
| | - WL Blok
- Ziekenhuis Walcheren, Vlissingen
| | | | | | - G Law
- University Hospital Groningen
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - haarlem
- St Elisabeth Ziekenhuis Tilburg
| | | | | | | | | | - A Maat
- Ziekenhuis Leyenburg, Den Haag
| | - E Prins
- Ziekenhuis Leyenburg, Den Haag
| | | | - K Pogany
- Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede
| | - T Duyts
- Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede
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30
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Reijers MH, Weverling GJ, Jurriaans S, Roos MT, Wit FW, Weigel HM, Ten Kate RW, Mulder JW, Richter C, Ter Hofstede HJ, Sprenger H, Hoetelmans RM, Schuitemaker H, Lange JM. The ADAM study continued: maintenance therapy after 50 weeks of induction therapy. AIDS 2001; 15:129-31. [PMID: 11192858 DOI: 10.1097/00002030-200101050-00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M H Reijers
- National AIDS Therapy Evaluation Centre, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Bussfeld D, Nain M, Hofmann P, Gemsa D, Sprenger H. Selective induction of the monocyte-attracting chemokines MCP-1 and IP-10 in vesicular stomatitis virus-infected human monocytes. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2000; 20:615-21. [PMID: 10926203 DOI: 10.1089/107999000414781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is characteristic of viral infections that monocytes/macrophages and lymphocytes infiltrate infected tissue, and neutrophils are absent. CC and non-ELR CXC chemokines predominantly attract mononuclear leukocytes, whereas the ELR motif-expressing CXC chemokines primarily act on neutrophils. To investigate the general role of chemokines in viral diseases, we determined their release and expression patterns after infection of human monocytes with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). Human monocytes were productively infected by VSV. Surprisingly, VSV did not induce the release of the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), and IL-6. In contrast, we found a strong induction of the CC chemokine monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and the non-ELR CXC chemokine interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) inducible protein-10 (IP-10) by VSV on the gene and protein level. The expression and release of the neutrophil chemoattractants IL-8 and growth-related oncogene-alpha (GRO-alpha) remained unaffected after VSV infection. Our results indicate that the typical monocyte and lymphocyte-dominated leukocyte infiltration of virus-infected tissue is based on a selective induction of mononuclear leukocyte-attracting chemokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bussfeld
- Institute of Immunology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
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32
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Abstract
Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been shown to induce a wide variety of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. An initial challenge with minute amounts of LPS causes tolerance to later LPS effects which is characterized by a much lower or abrogated release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. To explore the relationship between the production of chemokines and the induction of LPS tolerance, we pretreated human monocytes with increasing LPS doses and thereafter restimulated with LPS. The re-expression of the CC chemokines macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha, MIP-1beta and RANTES was substantially suppressed after pre-incubation with low LPS doses. In striking contrast, the re-expression of neutrophil-attracting IL-8 and melanoma growth stimulatory activity-alpha and of the monocyte-attracting monocyte chemotactic protein-1 remained high and was, in part, initially increased after restimulation with LPS. The corresponding gene expression pattern as determined by Northern blot analyses correlated closely with the release of chemokines and cytokines. Thus, a basic set of chemotactic mediators that are still produced by otherwise LPS-desensitized monocytes/macrophages may ensure the continuing recruitment of monocytes and neutrophils into an inflammatory process caused by gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kaufmann
- Institute of Immunology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany.
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Kaufmann A, Mühlradt PF, Gemsa D, Sprenger H. Induction of cytokines and chemokines in human monocytes by Mycoplasma fermentans-derived lipoprotein MALP-2. Infect Immun 1999; 67:6303-8. [PMID: 10569741 PMCID: PMC97033 DOI: 10.1128/iai.67.12.6303-6308.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infections are characterized by strong inflammatory reactions. The responsible mediators are often bacterially derived cell wall molecules, such as lipopolysaccharide or lipoteichoic acids, which typically stimulate monocytes and macrophages to release a wide variety of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Mycoplasmas, which lack a cell wall, may also stimulate monocytes very efficiently. This study was performed to identify mycoplasma-induced mediators. We investigated the induction of cytokines and chemokines in human monocytes exposed to the Mycoplasma fermentans-derived membrane component MALP-2 (macrophage-activating lipopeptide 2) by dose response and kinetic analysis. We found a rapid and strong MALP-2-inducible chemokine and cytokine gene expression which was followed by the release of chemokines and cytokines with peak levels after 12 to 20 h. MALP-2 induced the neutrophil-attracting CXC chemokines interleukin-8 (IL-8) and GRO-alpha as well as the mononuclear leukocyte-attracting CC chemokines MCP-1, MIP-1alpha, and MIP-1beta. Production of the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha and IL-6 started at the same time as chemokine release but required 10- to 100-fold-higher MALP-2 doses. The data show that the mycoplasma-derived lipopeptide MALP-2 represents a potent inducer of chemokines and cytokines which may, by the attraction and activation of neutrophils and mononuclear leukocytes, significantly contribute to the inflammatory response during mycoplasma infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kaufmann
- Institute of Immunology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany.
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34
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Sprenger H, Kaufmann A, Garn H, Lahme B, Gemsa D, Gressner AM. Differential expression of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) in transforming rat hepatic stellate cells. J Hepatol 1999; 30:88-94. [PMID: 9927154 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-8278(99)80011-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS/AIMS Hepatic stellate cells and infiltrating leukocytes play a key role in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. The chronic phase of liver inflammation is characterized by immigrating mononuclear cells. To understand the underlying mechanisms responsible for the attraction of mononuclear cells in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis, we investigated the inducible production of chemotactic activities in hepatic stellate cells. METHODS Cultured hepatic stellate cells of different transformation grades and after in vitro transformation to myofibroblast-like cells were stimulated with tumor necrosis factor-a or bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Mononuclear cell attracting chemotactic activities were evaluated by chemotaxis assays, ELISA, and Northern blot analysis. RESULTS We observed a transformation grade-dependent differential responsiveness of hepatic stellate cells and myofibroblast-like cells. Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 was inducible by tumor necrosis factor-alpha in non-transformed hepatic stellate cells. In contrast, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 was not inducible by bacterial lipopolysaccharide until the cells were fully transformed into myofibroblast-like cells. Despite a delayed onset, the bacterial lipopolysaccharide-inducible monocyte chemotactic protein-1 expression did not depend on an endogenous production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the tumor necrosis factor-alpha and bacterial lipopolysaccharide-inducible production of chemokines plays a central role in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. These data suggest that when hepatic stellate cells have been transformed to a myofibroblast-like cells phenotype, e.g. by chronic injury, the cells become more sensitive to bacterial lipopolysaccharide, which may potentiate the production of chemotactic and fibrogenic mediators. A strong secretion of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 may contribute to the maintenance of an inflammatory infiltrate dominated by mononuclear cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sprenger
- Institute of Immunology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
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Burger DM, Hugen PW, Kroon FP, Groeneveld P, Brinkman K, Foudraine NA, Sprenger H, Koopmans PP, Hekster YA. Pharmacokinetic interaction between the proton pump inhibitor omeprazole and the HIV protease inhibitor indinavir. AIDS 1998; 12:2080-2. [PMID: 9814882 DOI: 10.1097/00002030-199815000-00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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36
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Bussfeld D, Kaufmann A, Meyer RG, Gemsa D, Sprenger H. Differential mononuclear leukocyte attracting chemokine production after stimulation with active and inactivated influenza A virus. Cell Immunol 1998; 186:1-7. [PMID: 9637759 DOI: 10.1006/cimm.1998.1295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
After influenza A virus infection of human monocytes, we found a rapid and marked release of the mononuclear cell attracting chemokines MCP-1, MIP-1 alpha, and IP-10, with corresponding gene expression patterns as determined by Northern blot analysis. In striking contrast, the expression and release of the neutrophil chemoattractant IL-8 was not inducible. To determine the underlying mechanisms responsible for the induction of this differential chemokine pattern, we stimulated monocytes with UV- and heat-inactivated (56 degrees C and 100 degrees C) influenza A virus. In comparison with fully infectious influenza A, 56 degrees C-inactivated virus induced a strong production of MCP-1, MIP-1 alpha, and IP-10, while the release of MIP-1 alpha and IP-10 was substantially lower after exposure to UV-inactivated virus. No chemokine expression was found after stimulation with 100 degrees C-inactivated influenza A virus. Our data indicate that, contingent upon the chemokine examined, the maximal induction depends on the unrestricted infectivity of the virus, the unaltered hemagglutinin molecule, or the intact viral RNA. This diversified chemokine production may enable the infected host to mount an efficient antiviral response against infective and noninfective virus particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bussfeld
- Institute of Immunology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
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Rösler A, Pohl M, Braune HJ, Oertel WH, Gemsa D, Sprenger H. Time course of chemokines in the cerebrospinal fluid and serum during herpes simplex type 1 encephalitis. J Neurol Sci 1998; 157:82-9. [PMID: 9600681 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-510x(98)00061-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines (chemoattractant cytokines) attract and activate specific leukocyte subsets. With regard to their expression by brain parenchymal cells, they may represent the key molecules that control leukocyte entry into the subarachnoid space. In order to evaluate the contribution of chemokines in vivo, we determined the levels of MCP-1, MIP-1alpha, RANTES, IL-8, as well as of the sIL-2R in three patients with proven herpes simplex encephalitis type 1 (HSE-1). CSF samples were drawn by a subarachnoid catheter system throughout the time course of hospitalisation. Results were compared to chemokine levels in serum drawn in parallel. The clinical status was documented by the Modified Barthel Index and correlated with chemokine levels in the CSF. The results were compared with the chemokine levels in the CSF of 17 control patients with normal CSF routine parameters. High chemokine levels were detectable in the CSF of all HSE-patients. MCP-1 peak levels were found at the time of admission, while maximal IL-8 levels occurred 4 to 8 h later. The levels of MIP-1alpha and RANTES were lower than those of MCP-1 with a maximum at the time of admission. In all patients the levels of the sIL-2R increased later in the time course, at 14 to 20 h after admission. When the levels of MCP-1 were compared with the clinical status by Modified Barthel Index, we found a high reciprocal correlation (r=-0.82). Routine CSF parameters, such as leukocytes, albumin and immunoglobulins did not correlate with the clinical status. Chemokine levels in serum were found to be close to the detection limits of the ELISA systems. Our data suggest that chemokines play an important role in the pathogenesis of HSE. They may be useful parameters to monitor the stage and severity of the disease. The late increase of sIL2-R levels may indicate the beginning of the reconstitution phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rösler
- Department of Neurology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany.
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Woenckhaus C, Kaufmann A, Bussfeld D, Gemsa D, Sprenger H, Gröne HJ. Hypochlorite-modified LDL: chemotactic potential and chemokine induction in human monocytes. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1998; 86:27-33. [PMID: 9434794 DOI: 10.1006/clin.1997.4453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Within blood vessels the accumulation of monocytes/macrophages at sites of modified lipoproteins is an important feature in atherosclerosis. Recently the presence of LDL and other proteins modified by hypochlorous acid (HOCl-LDL) was demonstrated in human atherosclerotic vessels and human inflammatory kidney disease by immunohistology and protein chemistry. Chemokines contribute to a specific and directed migration of inflammatory cells. IL-8 (alpha-chemokine) attracts mainly neutrophils and distinct T-cell subsets while MCP-1 (beta-chemokine) preferentially acts on monocytes/macrophages. In the present study it was postulated that HOCl-LDL may induce and amplify inflammatory reactions by the induction of chemokine synthesis in local monocytes. After exposure of human monocytes to HOCl-LDL, it was found that mRNA and protein of the chemokine IL-8 was strongly induced, while the chemokine MCP-1 was not. HOCl-LDL itself led to a chemotactic migration of neutrophils. A chemotactic response of human monocytes toward HOCl-LDL was not detectable. We propose that HOCl-LDL may represent a form of LDL modification in the atherosclerotic process which initiates leukocyte infiltration; these mononuclear cells have been observed in the early stages of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Woenckhaus
- Institute of Pathology, Philipps University of Marburg, Germany
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Abstract
Infection of human monocytes with influenza A virus induces a broad range of proinflammatory cytokines and mononuclear cell attracting chemokines before the infected cells undergo apoptosis. The underlying mechanisms by which the corresponding genes are transcriptionally initiated after virus infection are still poorly understood. Activation of NF-kappa B seems to play an important role in the regulation of many proinflammatory cytokine genes, but cannot be the only mechanism, since several cytokine genes lack respective binding sites in their promoter regions. Therefore, we additionally investigated other transcription factors of possible importance such as CREB, CTF, OTF-1, and OTF-2. To explore long-term regulatory mechanisms, we investigated the induction of transcription factors on the gene expression level which may be important to substitute for metabolized transcription factor proteins after their activation. We identified a cell-type-specific differential response: CREB, CTF, OTF-1, OFT-2, and NF-kappa B genes were strongly induced 1 to 4 hours after influenza A virus infection in the monocytic cell line Mono Mac 6, while in freshly prepared human monocytes no significant changes were detected. In infected monocytes, which die by apoptosis, the expression of CREB, CTF, and OTF-2 was rather suppressed 8 hours after infection. In conclusion, the long-term regulation of transcription factor gene expression in non-proliferating cells seems to be of minor importance after influenza infection since in apoptosisprone cells an immediate availability of transcription factor proteins is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bussfeld
- Institute of Immunology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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40
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Müller TF, Grebe SO, Neumann MC, Heymanns J, Radsak K, Sprenger H, Lange H. Persistent long-term changes in lymphocyte subsets induced by polyclonal antibodies. Transplantation 1997; 64:1432-7. [PMID: 9392307 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-199711270-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinicians are well aware of the short-term effects of immunosuppression by mono- or polyclonal antibodies. Little is known about long-term changes induced by these therapies. METHODS Forty-three renal allograft recipients were selected according to their initial postoperative immunosuppression: (1) BI group=basic immunosuppression with steroids and cyclosporine, n=16; (2) ATG group=basic immunosuppression plus polyclonal antibody antithymocyte globulin (ATG), n=11; and (3) OKT3 group=basic immunosuppression plus monoclonal antibody OKT3, n=16 patients. At intervals of 6 months, the following parameters were measured prospectively: lymphocyte surface antigens (HLA-DR, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD16, CD19, CD56, and CD57); serum and urine neopterin; serum amyloid A; and indirect and direct tests for herpes viruses. RESULTS The mean period of observation was 58.4 months. The most significant differences between the groups occurred for CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. The ratios of CD4+ to CD8+ cells (n=278 measurements) were significantly and persistently lower in the ATG group (P<0.001, Brown-Mood test). Five years after transplantation, the ATG group had a CD4+ to CD8+ cell ratio of x=0.6 versus x=1.7 in the OKT3 group and x=2.0 in the BI group. This inversion was due to a persistent depletion of the CD4+ cells and an increased regeneration of the CD8+ cells, in particular of the CD8+brightCD57+ subpopulation. Extent and duration of CD4+ depletion correlated with the cumulative ATG dose (r=0.7, P<0.05, Spearman rank correlation test). CONCLUSION Therapy with polyclonal antibody ATG induces dose-dependent long-term changes in T-cell lymphocyte subsets, which persist over a period of years.
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Affiliation(s)
- T F Müller
- Department of Nephrology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Germany
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41
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Abstract
Lyme disease is clinically and histologically characterized by strong inflammatory reactions that contrast the paucity of spirochetes at lesional sites, indicating that borreliae induce mechanisms that amplify the inflammatory response. To reveal the underlying mechanisms of chemoattraction and activation of responding leukocytes, we investigated the induction of chemokines in human monocytes exposed to Borrelia burgdorferi by a dose-response and kinetic analysis. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from Escherichia coli was used as a positive control stimulus. The release of the CXC chemokines interleukin-8 (IL-8) and GRO-alpha and the CC chemokines MIP-1alpha, MCP-1, and RANTES was determined by specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and the corresponding gene expression patterns were determined by Northern blot analysis. The results showed a rapid and strong borrelia-inducible gene expression which was followed by the release of chemokines with peak levels after 12 to 16 h. Spirochetes and LPS were comparably effective in stimulating IL-8, GRO-alpha, MCP-1, and RANTES expression, whereas MIP-1alpha production preceded and exceeded chemokine levels induced by LPS. Unlike other bacteria, the spirochetes themselves did not bear or release factors with intrinsic chemotactic activity for monocytes or neutrophils. Thus, B. burgdorferi appears to be a strong inducer of chemokines which may, by the attraction and activation of phagocytic leukocytes, significantly contribute to inflammation and tissue damage observed in Lyme disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sprenger
- Institute of Immunology, Philipps University Marburg, Germany
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Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) play a key role in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. Immigrating leukocytes can potentiate the progression of liver fibrosis by release of fibrogenic mediators and cytotoxic actions. The inducible production of neutrophil chemotactic activities in HSCs was investigated to understand the underlying mechanisms responsible for the attraction of leukocytes in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. METHODS Cultured HSCs of different transformation grades and after transformation to myofibroblasts (MFBs) were stimulated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), respectively. Induced leukocyte chemotactic activities were evaluated by chemotaxis assays, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and Northern blot analysis. RESULTS A transformation grade-dependent differential responsiveness of HSCs and MFBs was observed. TNF-alpha-inducible production of chemotactic mediators increased substantially with advancing transformation. Only transformed MFBs were LPS responsive. Macrophage inflammatory protein 2 was identified as one of the inducible chemokines. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that chemokines play an important role in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. Proinflammatory cytokines can initiate the production of chemotactic activities. The more HSCs are transformed to MFBs, e.g., by chronic injury, the more sensitive the cells become to LPS, which may lead to a vicious circle of enhanced fibrogenic and chemotactic mediator production.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sprenger
- Institute of Immunology, Phillipps-University, Marburg, Germany
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Hofmann P, Sprenger H, Kaufmann A, Bender A, Hasse C, Nain M, Gemsa D. Susceptibility of mononuclear phagocytes to influenza A virus infection and possible role in the antiviral response. J Leukoc Biol 1997; 61:408-14. [PMID: 9103226 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.61.4.408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Among leukocytes, only monocytes and macrophages were found to be highly susceptible to an infection by influenza A virus. After infection, de novo viral protein synthesis was initiated but then interrupted after 4-6 h. Most macrophages died by apoptosis within 25-30 h. Before cell death, however, macrophages responded to influenza A virus with a high cytokine gene transcription and subsequent release of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, interferon (IFN)-alpha/beta, and CC-chemokines. The basic mechanisms of virus-induced cytokine expression are still unknown and appear to involve transcription factors such as nuclear factor-kappaB and AP-1 which, however, were only activated for 2 h and declined below control values thereafter. After influenza A virus infection, only the mononuclear cell attracting CC-chemokines macrophage inflammatory protein 1alpha (MIP-1alpha), MIP-1beta, and RANTES were produced while the prototype neutrophil CXC-chemoattractants IL-8 and GRO-alpha were entirely suppressed. This selective induction of CC-chemokines may explain the preferential influx of mononuclear leukocytes into virus-infected tissue. Our data show that monocytes and macrophages represent a primary target for an influenza A virus infection. Thus, the mononuclear phagocyte response leads to a rapid proinflammatory reaction and an enhanced immigration of mononuclear leukocytes, which may condition the infected host for the subsequent virus antigen-specific defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Hofmann
- Institute of Immunology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
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Sprenger H, Meyer RG, Kaufmann A, Bussfeld D, Rischkowsky E, Gemsa D. Selective induction of monocyte and not neutrophil-attracting chemokines after influenza A virus infection. J Exp Med 1996; 184:1191-6. [PMID: 9064338 PMCID: PMC2192790 DOI: 10.1084/jem.184.3.1191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
It is characteristic for virus infections that monocytes/macrophages and lymphocytes infiltrate infected tissue while neutrophils are absent. To understand the mechanisms selectively attracting mononuclear cells in viral diseases, we examined in an influenza A virus model the expression and regulation of chemokines as candidate molecules responsible for the immigration of leukocytes into inflamed tissue. After influenza A virus infection of human monocytes, a rapid expression of the mononuclear cell attracting CC-chemokine genes MIP-1, MCP-1, and RANTES occurred which was followed by the release of chemokine proteins. In striking contrast to CC-chemokines, the expression of the prototype neutrophil CXC-chemoattractants IL-8 and GRO-alpha was completely suppressed after influenza A infection. The release of other neutrophil chemotactic factors was excluded by microchemotaxis assays. These results suggest that the virus-specific induction of mononuclear cell-attracting chemokines accounts for the preferential influx of mononuclear leukocytes into virus-infected tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sprenger
- Institute of Immunology, Philipps-University Marburg, Germany
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45
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Sprenger H, Rösler A, Tonn P, Braune HJ, Huffmann G, Gemsa D. Chemokines in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with meningitis. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1996; 80:155-61. [PMID: 8764560 DOI: 10.1006/clin.1996.0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Meningitis is accompanied by a differential immigration of leukocytes into the subarachnoid space. Since the mechanisms regulating leukocyte invasion are still incompletely understood, we studied the release of the neutrophil-attracting alpha-chemokines IL-8 and GRO-alpha and the mononuclear cell-attracting beta-chemokines MCP-1, MIP-1alpha, and RANTES during meningitis. In 48 paired CSF and serum samples from patients hospitalized for meningitic symptoms, high levels of IL-8, GRO-alpha, and MCP-1 were detected in the CSF during bacterial and abacterial meningitis. Elevated chemokine levels were not found in the blood serum samples taken in parallel. The release of MIP-1alpha or RANTES was below detection limits. The IL-8 and GRO-alpha levels significantly correlated with the number of immigrated granulocytes in the CSF of patients with bacterial meningitis. A similar correlation was found when MCP-1 levels and the mononuclear cell count were analyzed in abacterial meningitis. These findings suggest that the local production of the alpha-chemokines IL-8 and GRO-alpha and of the beta-chemokine MCP-1 represents the major chemoattractant stimulus for the differential recruitment of leukocytes into the subarachnoid space during meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sprenger
- Institute of Immunology, Phillips-University Marburg, Germany
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46
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Neumann MC, Müller TF, Sprenger H, Gemsa D, Lange H. The influence of the immunosuppressants OKT3 and ATG on immunological parameters. Clin Nephrol 1996; 45:345-8. [PMID: 8738669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokines play an important role in the immune response induced by organ grafting, particularly during episodes of rejection. We tested the influence of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies upon levels of mediators of the immune system. In 29 patients various cytokines and mediators were serially analyzed following transplantation. Thirteen patients received polyclonal antibodies (ATG) and 7 monoclonal (OKT3). Both OKT3 and ATG induced a rise in body temperature. Mean serum levels of amyloid A, neopterin, plasma levels of TNF alpha, interleukin 2 receptor (IL-2R) and urine levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and IL-2R were elevated when antibodies were employed. Interestingly, urine and plasma TNF-alpha as well as urine IL-6 and IL-2R remained elevated following ATG but not OKT3 and did not rise in case of basic treatment. In summary, antibody therapy increased levels of immune mediators. These mediators remained elevated following the discontinuation of treatment in case of ATG but not OKT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Neumann
- Department of Nephrology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Germany
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47
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Lehmann C, Sprenger H, Nain M, Bacher M, Gemsa D. Infection of macrophages by influenza A virus: characteristics of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) gene expression. Res Virol 1996; 147:123-30. [PMID: 8901431 DOI: 10.1016/0923-2516(96)80226-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Human monocytes and murine macrophages were found to be susceptible to influenza A virus infection. We could show that virus was absorbed and de novo virus protein synthesis was initiated, but actual virus replication was extremely low; 24-36 h after infection, monocytes and macrophages died of apoptosis. Before cell death, an influenza A virus infection induced strong mRNA accumulation of cytokines: tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha), interleukin-1 (IL1) and IL6. However, the translation into bioactive cytokine protein was rather low, and high cytokine production was only found when a secondary signal such as LPS was added. Influenza A virus infection of mononuclear phagocytes displayed a characteristic feature at the level of cytokine gene transcription which was not found with other viruses such as vesicular stomatitis virus: in addition to the regular 1.7-kb TNF alpha mRNA, a high molecular weight (hmw) TNF alpha mRNA of 2.4 kb was detected. This hmw TNF alpha mRNA did not contain intron or intergenic region elements, was polyadenylated and carried the regular 5' and 3' untranslated regions. The generation of hmw TNF alpha mRNA required exposure to fully infectious influenza A virus, since virus inactivation at 56 degrees C induced only regular and not hmw TNF alpha mRNA. Whether this unique hmw TNF alpha mRNA represents a virus-induced abnormality or only a superinduction of an otherwise minor TNF alpha transcript, and whether this mRNA species codes for a biologically active product, remain to be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lehmann
- Institute of Immunology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
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48
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Lloyd AR, Biragyn A, Johnston JA, Taub DD, Xu L, Michiel D, Sprenger H, Oppenheim JJ, Kelvin DJ. Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor and lipopolysaccharide regulate the expression of interleukin 8 receptors on polymorphonuclear leukocytes. J Biol Chem 1995; 270:28188-92. [PMID: 7499311 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.270.47.28188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 8 (IL-8) is a potent chemoattractant and activating factor for human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and hence plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of acute inflammation. Two unique but homologous receptors for IL-8 have been cloned (IL-8RA and -B), each of which binds the IL-8 ligand with high affinity. PMN stimulated by cytokines or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exhibit changes in IL-8R mRNA and 125I-IL-8 binding. Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) treatment of PMN enhances, and LPS inhibits, IL-8R mRNA expression. Similarly, 125I-IL-8 ligand binding to PMN is increased by G-CSF and decreased by LPS treatment. The stimulatory effect of G-CSF on IL-8R expression is transcriptional as it is inhibited by actinomycin D and is evident in nuclear run-on analyses. In contrast, LPS down-regulates IL-8R by both transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms. The alterations in IL-8R expression are associated with similar changes in the IL-8-induced chemotactic responses of PMN. In conclusion, the two types of IL-8 receptor differ in their cellular distribution and are regulated in response to cytokines and LPS. Regulation of IL-8R expression by endogenous and exogenous immunomodulators may be important in the in vivo control of PMN effector functions in inflammation.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, CD/biosynthesis
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Base Sequence
- Blotting, Northern
- Cell Nucleus/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- DNA Primers
- Escherichia coli
- Gene Expression/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor/pharmacology
- Humans
- Interleukin-8/metabolism
- Iodine Radioisotopes
- Kinetics
- Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Neutrophils/drug effects
- Neutrophils/immunology
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/blood
- Radioligand Assay
- Receptors, Interleukin/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Interleukin/metabolism
- Receptors, Interleukin-8A
- Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology
- Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
- Uridine Triphosphate/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Lloyd
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA
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49
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Sprenger H, Konrad L, Rischkowsky E, Gemsa D. Background reduction in northern analysis by preabsorption of digoxigenin-labeled riboprobes. Biotechniques 1995; 19:334-6, 338-40. [PMID: 7495538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- H Sprenger
- Institute of Immunology, Philipps-University Marburg, Germany
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50
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Abstract
Two distinct receptors for the neutrophil chemoattractant IL-8 have been cloned, designated IL-8RA and -B. Both receptors are abundantly expressed on unstimulated mature neutrophils. To understand the tissue-specific expression and to identify gene-regulatory elements we have cloned, sequenced and characterized both human IL-8R genes, IL-8RA and -B. The open reading frames and 3'-untranslated regions were entirely encoded by a single exon. The promoters of both IL-8R-genes appeared to be very similar: A non-classical TATA-box and a GC-rich 5'-flanking region was identified immediately upstream of the transcription start site. These minimal promoters were sufficient to generate constitutive activity in CAT-expression assays. A G-CSF responsive element was mapped within the first 118 nucleotides upstream of the transcription start site of the IL-8RB gene. Expression analyses of additional upstream regions suggested that both IL-8R-promoters are negatively controlled by silencer elements, which could be counteracted by stimulation with G-CSF.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, CD/analysis
- Antigens, CD/chemistry
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Cloning, Molecular
- Gene Expression Regulation/immunology
- Genome, Human
- Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor/pharmacology
- Humans
- Neutrophils/chemistry
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/immunology
- Receptors, Interleukin/analysis
- Receptors, Interleukin/chemistry
- Receptors, Interleukin/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin-8A
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sprenger
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, National Cancer Institute, Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, MD, USA
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