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Mertens S, Verbraeken L, Sprenger H, Demuynck K, Maleux K, Cannoot B, De Block J, Maere S, Nelissen H, Bonaventure G, Crafts-Brandner SJ, Vogel JT, Bruce W, Inzé D, Wuyts N. Corrigendum: Proximal hyperspectral imaging detects diurnal and drought-induced changes in maize physiology. Front Plant Sci 2024; 15:1379654. [PMID: 38450398 PMCID: PMC10916789 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1379654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.640914.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Stien Mertens
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lennart Verbraeken
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Heike Sprenger
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kirin Demuynck
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katrien Maleux
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bernard Cannoot
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jolien De Block
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steven Maere
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hilde Nelissen
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Wesley Bruce
- BASF Corporation, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Wuyts
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
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Mertens S, Verbraeken L, Sprenger H, De Meyer S, Demuynck K, Cannoot B, Merchie J, De Block J, Vogel JT, Bruce W, Nelissen H, Maere S, Inzé D, Wuyts N. Monitoring of drought stress and transpiration rate using proximal thermal and hyperspectral imaging in an indoor automated plant phenotyping platform. Plant Methods 2023; 19:132. [PMID: 37996870 PMCID: PMC10668392 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-023-01102-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thermography is a popular tool to assess plant water-use behavior, as plant temperature is influenced by transpiration rate, and is commonly used in field experiments to detect plant water deficit. Its application in indoor automated phenotyping platforms is still limited and mainly focuses on differences in plant temperature between genotypes or treatments, instead of estimating stomatal conductance or transpiration rate. In this study, the transferability of commonly used thermography analysis protocols from the field to greenhouse phenotyping platforms was evaluated. In addition, the added value of combining thermal infrared (TIR) with hyperspectral imaging to monitor drought effects on plant transpiration rate (E) was evaluated. RESULTS The sensitivity of commonly used TIR indices to detect drought-induced and genotypic differences in water status was investigated in eight maize inbred lines in the automated phenotyping platform PHENOVISION. Indices that normalized plant temperature for vapor pressure deficit and/or air temperature at the time of imaging were most sensitive to drought and could detect genotypic differences in the plants' water-use behavior. However, these indices were not strongly correlated to stomatal conductance and E. The canopy temperature depression index, the crop water stress index and the simplified stomatal conductance index were more suitable to monitor these traits, and were consequently used to develop empirical E prediction models by combining them with hyperspectral indices and/or environmental variables. Different modeling strategies were evaluated, including single index-based, machine learning and mechanistic models. Model comparison showed that combining multiple TIR indices in a random forest model can improve E prediction accuracy, and that the contribution of the hyperspectral data is limited when multiple indices are used. However, the empirical models trained on one genotype were not transferable to all eight inbred lines. CONCLUSION Overall, this study demonstrates that existing TIR indices can be used to monitor drought stress and develop E prediction models in an indoor setup, as long as the indices normalize plant temperature for ambient air temperature or relative humidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stien Mertens
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Lennart Verbraeken
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Heike Sprenger
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
- Food Safety Department , German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sam De Meyer
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
- Robovision, Technologiepark 80, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Kirin Demuynck
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Bernard Cannoot
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Julie Merchie
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
- Eenheid Plant, Instituut voor Landbouw, Visserij-en Voedingsonderzoek (ILVO), Caritasstraat 39, 9090, Melle, Belgium
| | - Jolien De Block
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | | | - Wesley Bruce
- BASF Corporation, 2 TW Alexander Drive, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Hilde Nelissen
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Steven Maere
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium.
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium.
| | - Nathalie Wuyts
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
- Plant Production Systems, Cultivation Techniques and Varieties in Arable Farming, Agroscope, Route de Duillier 50, 1260, Nyon, Switzerland
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Verbraeken L, Wuyts N, Mertens S, Cannoot B, Maleux K, Demuynck K, De Block J, Merchie J, Dhondt S, Bonaventure G, Crafts-Brandner S, Vogel J, Bruce W, Inzé D, Maere S, Nelissen H. Drought affects the rate and duration of organ growth but not inter-organ growth coordination. Plant Physiol 2021; 186:1336-1353. [PMID: 33788927 PMCID: PMC8195526 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Drought at flowering and grain filling greatly reduces maize (Zea mays) yield. Climate change is causing earlier and longer-lasting periods of drought, which affect the growth of multiple maize organs throughout development. To study how long periods of water deficit impact the dynamic nature of growth, and to determine how these relate to reproductive drought, we employed a high-throughput phenotyping platform featuring precise irrigation, imaging systems, and image-based biomass estimations. Prolonged drought resulted in a reduction of growth rate of individual organs-though an extension of growth duration partially compensated for this-culminating in lower biomass and delayed flowering. However, long periods of drought did not affect the highly organized succession of maximal growth rates of the distinct organs, i.e. leaves, stems, and ears. Two drought treatments negatively affected distinct seed yield components: Prolonged drought mainly reduced the number of spikelets, and drought during the reproductive period increased the anthesis-silking interval. The identification of these divergent biomass and yield components, which were affected by the shift in duration and intensity of drought, will facilitate trait-specific breeding toward future climate-resilient crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennart Verbraeken
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Wuyts
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stien Mertens
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bernard Cannoot
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katrien Maleux
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kirin Demuynck
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jolien De Block
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Julie Merchie
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stijn Dhondt
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | - Dirk Inzé
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steven Maere
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hilde Nelissen
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Author for communication:
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Mertens S, Verbraeken L, Sprenger H, Demuynck K, Maleux K, Cannoot B, De Block J, Maere S, Nelissen H, Bonaventure G, Crafts-Brandner SJ, Vogel JT, Bruce W, Inzé D, Wuyts N. Proximal Hyperspectral Imaging Detects Diurnal and Drought-Induced Changes in Maize Physiology. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:640914. [PMID: 33692820 PMCID: PMC7937976 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.640914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Hyperspectral imaging is a promising tool for non-destructive phenotyping of plant physiological traits, which has been transferred from remote to proximal sensing applications, and from manual laboratory setups to automated plant phenotyping platforms. Due to the higher resolution in proximal sensing, illumination variation and plant geometry result in increased non-biological variation in plant spectra that may mask subtle biological differences. Here, a better understanding of spectral measurements for proximal sensing and their application to study drought, developmental and diurnal responses was acquired in a drought case study of maize grown in a greenhouse phenotyping platform with a hyperspectral imaging setup. The use of brightness classification to reduce the illumination-induced non-biological variation is demonstrated, and allowed the detection of diurnal, developmental and early drought-induced changes in maize reflectance and physiology. Diurnal changes in transpiration rate and vapor pressure deficit were significantly correlated with red and red-edge reflectance. Drought-induced changes in effective quantum yield and water potential were accurately predicted using partial least squares regression and the newly developed Water Potential Index 2, respectively. The prediction accuracy of hyperspectral indices and partial least squares regression were similar, as long as a strong relationship between the physiological trait and reflectance was present. This demonstrates that current hyperspectral processing approaches can be used in automated plant phenotyping platforms to monitor physiological traits with a high temporal resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stien Mertens
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lennart Verbraeken
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Heike Sprenger
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kirin Demuynck
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katrien Maleux
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bernard Cannoot
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jolien De Block
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steven Maere
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hilde Nelissen
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Wesley Bruce
- BASF Corporation, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Wuyts
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
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Nestler J, Liu S, Wen TJ, Paschold A, Marcon C, Tang HM, Li D, Li L, Meeley RB, Sakai H, Bruce W, Schnable PS, Hochholdinger F. Roothairless5, which functions in maize (Zea mays L.) root hair initiation and elongation encodes a monocot-specific NADPH oxidase. Plant J 2014; 79:729-40. [PMID: 24902980 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Root hairs are instrumental for nutrient uptake in monocot cereals. The maize (Zea mays L.) roothairless5 (rth5) mutant displays defects in root hair initiation and elongation manifested by a reduced density and length of root hairs. Map-based cloning revealed that the rth5 gene encodes a monocot-specific NADPH oxidase. RNA-Seq, in situ hybridization and qRT-PCR experiments demonstrated that the rth5 gene displays preferential expression in root hairs but also accumulates to low levels in other tissues. Immunolocalization detected RTH5 proteins in the epidermis of the elongation and differentiation zone of primary roots. Because superoxide and hydrogen peroxide levels are reduced in the tips of growing rth5 mutant root hairs as compared with wild-type, and Reactive oxygen species (ROS) is known to be involved in tip growth, we hypothesize that the RTH5 protein is responsible for establishing the high levels of ROS in the tips of growing root hairs required for elongation. Consistent with this hypothesis, a comparative RNA-Seq analysis of 6-day-old rth5 versus wild-type primary roots revealed significant over-representation of only two gene ontology (GO) classes related to the biological functions (i.e. oxidation/reduction and carbohydrate metabolism) among 893 differentially expressed genes (FDR <5%). Within these two classes the subgroups 'response to oxidative stress' and 'cellulose biosynthesis' were most prominently represented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefine Nestler
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Crop Functional Genomics, University of Bonn, 53113, Bonn, Germany
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Allard P, Bruce W, Janelle D, Perier R, Poussot D, Richeboeuf B, Vigouroux V, Savarieau B, Cargill G, Davody AP. [Use of Eductyl(®) suppository for rectal preparation before prostate biopsy: an observational survey]. Prog Urol 2012; 22:166-71. [PMID: 22364627 DOI: 10.1016/j.purol.2011.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Revised: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Local preparation of rectum governs the possibly survenue of complications during transrectal ultrasound guided biopsies of prostate. OBJECTIVE To determine the efficacy and acceptability of rectal preparation (Eductyl(®) suppository) in patients undergoing a transrectal prostate biopsy. PATIENTS AND METHODS From May to August 2005, eight urologists (Bel-Air Urological Center, Bordeaux) included 137 patients (mean age 66.4 years) with an indication of prostate biopsies. All patients were administrated prophylactic antibiotic therapy. They used Eductyl(®) effervescent suppositories for local preparation, the day before and/or the morning of the exam. RESULTS Rectal vacuity was satisfactory or very satisfactory for 99% of patients. Introduction of probe and tracking of prostate were easy or very easy in 99% of cases. Eight days after the exam, only 35% of patients had suffered anal or rectal pain during a mean of 2 days. Most of patients recovered bowel function without requiring treatment and without any difficulty or pain. The bowel function recovery occurred the day of prostate biopsy and the day after for 28.4% and 62.2% of patients, respectively. CONCLUSION Urologists considered that the use of Eductyl(®) suppositories before prostate biopsies ensured a satisfactory rectal preparation and optimal conditions for the exam. Moreover, this preparation was well accepted by patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Allard
- Cabinet d'urologie Bel-Air, 138, avenue de la République, 33073 Bordeaux cedex, France.
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8
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Nath R, Glen R, William W, Jan C, Ramanathan M, Petrillo-Deluca L, Yu N, Smethers K, Zankar D, Bruce W, Alan R. Successful Engraftment and Reduced Early Mortality in Unrelated Donor (UD) Cord Blood (CB) Stem Cell Transplantation (SCT) Using a Preparative Regimen of Thiotepa, Fludarabine, Melphalan and Rabbit Anti-Thymocyte Globulin (TFM/r-ATG) in Older Adults With a Single Unmanipulated CB Unit. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2010.12.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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10
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Hochholdinger F, Wen TJ, Zimmermann R, Chimot-Marolle P, da Costa e Silva O, Bruce W, Lamkey KR, Wienand U, Schnable PS. The maize (Zea mays L.) roothairless3 gene encodes a putative GPI-anchored, monocot-specific, COBRA-like protein that significantly affects grain yield. Plant J 2008; 54:888-98. [PMID: 18298667 PMCID: PMC2440564 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2008.03459.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2007] [Revised: 01/24/2008] [Accepted: 02/07/2008] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The rth3 (roothairless 3) mutant is specifically affected in root hair elongation. We report here the cloning of the rth3 gene via a PCR-based strategy (amplification of insertion mutagenized sites) and demonstrate that it encodes a COBRA-like protein that displays all the structural features of a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor. Genes of the COBRA family are involved in various types of cell expansion and cell wall biosynthesis. The rth3 gene belongs to a monocot-specific clade of the COBRA gene family comprising two maize and two rice genes. While the rice (Oryza sativa) gene OsBC1L1 appears to be orthologous to rth3 based on sequence similarity (86% identity at the protein level) and maize/rice synteny, the maize (Zea mays L.) rth3-like gene does not appear to be a functional homolog of rth3 based on their distinct expression profiles. Massively parallel signature sequencing analysis detected rth3 expression in all analyzed tissues, but at relatively low levels, with the most abundant expression in primary roots where the root hair phenotype is manifested. In situ hybridization experiments confine rth3 expression to root hair-forming epidermal cells and lateral root primordia. Remarkably, in replicated field trials involving near-isogenic lines, the rth3 mutant conferred significant losses in grain yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Hochholdinger
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology, Department of General Genetics, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Tsui-Jung Wen
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State UniversityAmes, IA 50011, USA
| | - Roman Zimmermann
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology, Department of General Genetics, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Patricia Chimot-Marolle
- Institute for General Botany and Botanical Garden, University of Hamburg22609 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Wesley Bruce
- Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. – a DuPont CompanyJohnston, IA 50131, USA
| | - Kendall R Lamkey
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State UniversityAmes, IA 50011, USA
| | - Udo Wienand
- Institute for General Botany and Botanical Garden, University of Hamburg22609 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Patrick S Schnable
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State UniversityAmes, IA 50011, USA
- Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. – a DuPont CompanyJohnston, IA 50131, USA
- Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State UniversityAmes, IA 50011, USA
- Center for Plant Genomics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-36506, USA
- *For correspondence (fax +1 515 294 5256; e-mail )
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Nagy R, Vasconcelos MJV, Zhao S, McElver J, Bruce W, Amrhein N, Raghothama KG, Bucher M. Differential regulation of five Pht1 phosphate transporters from maize (Zea mays L.). Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2006; 8:186-97. [PMID: 16547863 DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-873052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Maize is one of the most important crops in the developing world, where adverse soil conditions and low fertilizer input are the two main constraints for stable food supply. Understanding the molecular and biochemical mechanisms involved in nutrient uptake is expected to support the development of future breeding strategies aimed at improving maize productivity on infertile soils. Phosphorus is the least mobile macronutrient in the soils and it is often limiting plant growth. In this work, five genes encoding Pht1 phosphate transporters which contribute to phosphate uptake and allocation in maize were identified. In phosphate-starved plants, transcripts of most of the five transporters were present in roots and leaves. Independent of the phosphate supply, expression of two genes was predominant in pollen or in roots colonized by symbiotic mycorrhizal fungi, respectively. Interestingly, high transcript levels of the mycorrhiza-inducible gene were also detectable in leaves of phosphate-starved plants. Thus, differential expression of Pht1 phosphate transporters in maize suggests involvement of the encoded proteins in diverse processes, including phosphate uptake from soil and transport at the symbiotic interface in mycorrhizas, phosphate (re)translocation in the shoot, and phosphate uptake during pollen tube growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Nagy
- Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Institute of Plant Sciences, Experimental Station Eschikon 33, 8315 Lindau, Switzerland
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Abstract
Femoral periprosthetic bone loss following total hip replacement is often associated with stress shielding. Extensive bone resorption may lead to implant or bone failure and complicate revision surgery. In this study, an existing strain-adaptive bone remodelling theory was modified and combined with anatomic three-dimensional finite element models to predict alterations in periprosthetic apparent density. The theory incorporated an equivalent strain stimulus and joint and muscle forces from 45% of the gait cycle. Remodelling was simulated for three femoral components with different design philosophies: cobalt-chrome alloy, two-thirds proximally coated; titanium alloy, one-third proximally coated; and a composite of cobalt-chrome surrounded by polyaryletherketone, fully coated. Theoretical bone density changes correlated significantly with clinical densitometry measurements (DEXA) after 2 years across the Gruen zones (R2>0.67, p<0.02), with average differences of less than 5.4%. The results suggest that a large proportion of adaptive bone remodelling changes seen clinically with these implants may be explained by a consistent theory incorporating a purely mechanical stimulus. This theory could be applied to pre-clinical testing of new implants, investigation of design modifications, and patient-specific implant selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- A W L Turner
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, University of New South Wales, Prince of Wales Hospital, L2 South Wing, Edmund Blacket Bldg, High St, Randwick, Sydney NSW 2031, Australia
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Wen TJ, Hochholdinger F, Sauer M, Bruce W, Schnable PS. The roothairless1 gene of maize encodes a homolog of sec3, which is involved in polar exocytosis. Plant Physiol 2005; 138:1637-43. [PMID: 15980192 PMCID: PMC1176433 DOI: 10.1104/pp.105.062174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The roothairless1 (rth1) mutant is impaired in root hair elongation and exhibits other growth abnormalities. Unicellular root hairs elongate via localized tip growth, a process mediated by polar exocytosis of secretory vesicles. We report here the cloning of the rth1 gene that encodes a sec3 homolog. In yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and mammals, sec3 is a subunit of the exocyst complex, which tethers exocytotic vesicles prior to their fusion. The cloning of the rth1 gene associates the homologs of exocyst subunits to an exocytotic process in plant development and supports the hypothesis that exocyst-like proteins are involved in plant exocytosis. Proteomic analyses identified four proteins that accumulate to different levels in wild-type and rth1 primary roots. The preferential accumulation in the rth1 mutant proteome of a negative regulator of the cell cycle (a prohibitin) may at least partially explain the delayed development and flowering of the rth1 mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsui-Jung Wen
- Department of Agronomy , Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
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14
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Abstract
Uncemented joint replacement with a variety of substrate materials, structures, and coatings are commonplace in arthroplasty. Even with specialized surgical preparation of bone, intimate contact between the implant and host bone may not always be achieved. This study evaluated the in vivo effect of fibrillar atelopeptide and PEG crosslinked collagens coatings placed directly into porous sintered bead structures on bone ingrowth using a skeletally mature bicortical, bilateral ovine tibia model. Bone ingrowth into the implants increased with time, although differences were not significant. At 4 weeks woven bone was present within the pores that remodeled with time. Significantly lower levels of ingrowth were observed in the intramedullary region of the implants when compared with the cortical region. Implant metal type did not affect ingrowth in both regions analyzed. Both fibrillar and crosslinked forms of dermal type I collagen did not significantly alter bone ingrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Svehla
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, University of New South Wales, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, Sydney, Australia
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15
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Walsh WR, Svehla MJ, Russell J, Saito M, Nakashima T, Gillies RM, Bruce W, Hori R. Cemented fixation with PMMA or Bis-GMA resin hydroxyapatite cement: effect of implant surface roughness. Biomaterials 2004; 25:4929-34. [PMID: 15109853 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2003.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2003] [Accepted: 12/08/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Implant surface roughness is an important parameter governing the overall mechanical properties at the implant-cement interface. This study investigated the influence of surface roughness using polymethylmethcrylate (PMMA) and a Bisphenol-a-glycidylmethacyrlate resin-hydroxyapatite cement (CAP). Mechanical fixation at the implant-cement interface was evaluated in vitro using static shear and fatigue loading with cobalt chrome alloy (CoCr) dowels with different surface roughness preparations. Increasing surface roughness improved the mechanical properties at the implant-cement interface for both types of cement. CAP cement fixation was superior to PMMA under static and dynamic loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- W R Walsh
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, University of New South Wales, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia.
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16
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Stubbs D, Deakin M, Chapman-Sheath P, Bruce W, Debes J, Gillies RM, Walsh WR. In vivo evaluation of resorbable bone graft substitutes in a rabbit tibial defect model. Biomaterials 2004; 25:5037-44. [PMID: 15109866 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2004.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2003] [Accepted: 02/04/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Calcium sulfate as a bone graft substitute is rapidly resorbed in vivo releasing calcium ions but fails to provide long-term three-dimensional framework to support osteoconduction. The setting properties of calcium sulfate however allow it to be applied in a slurry form making it easier to handle and apply in different situations. This study examines the in vivo response of calcium sulfate alone and as a carrier for a coralline hydroxyapatite in an established bilateral corticocancellous defect model in rabbits. Defects were filled flush to the anterior cortex with a resorbable porous ceramic alone and in combination with calcium sulfate slurry, calcium sulfate slurry alone or calcium sulfate pellets and examined at time points up to 52 weeks. Specimens where assessed using Faxitron X-ray, light and electron microscopy. Calcium sulfate in either slurry or pellet form does indeed support new bone formation alone however, complete filling of the bone defect is not observed. Calcium sulfate in slurry form does however improve the surgical handling of particulate bone graft substitutes such as Pro Osteon 200 R, which remained as an osteoconductive scaffold for up to 52 weeks and may have played an important role in the ultimate closure of the cortical windows.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Stubbs
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, University of New South Wales, Division of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, High Street, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
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17
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Acton D, Perry A, Evans R, Butler A, Stephens P, Bruce W, Goldberg J, Sonnabend D, Walsh WR. The effect of two nonresorbable suture types on the mechanical performance over a metal suture anchor eyelet. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2004; 12:165-8. [PMID: 13680105 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-003-0399-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2002] [Accepted: 04/08/2003] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
An understanding of the mechanical properties of different suture materials is valuable when selecting the most appropriate suture and repair technique. Sutures should be strong, easy to handle and have high knot security. The introduction of suture anchors adds an additional variable regarding the effect of stress risers over the eyelet. Improving the mechanical properties of a suture may be a possible method to help avoid failure over stress risers such as the eyelet of suture anchor. This study examined the static and viscoelastic properties of a new polyethylene based non-resorbable suture (Fibrewire) over the eyelet of a standard anchor compared to braid polyester non-resorbable suture (Ethibond). Fibrewire had superior ultimate load properties compared to Ethibond (360.2 N+/-23.8 vs 191.9 N+/-17.3) as well as greater stiffness (61.3 N/mm+/-9.7 vs 8.1 N/mm+/-0.4) when tested in uniaxial tension through a metal anchor eyelet (Mitek) ( p<0.001). Fibrewire demonstrated greater stress relaxation than Ethibond ( p<0.05). Differences in the static and viscoelastic properties of suture may have implications in the post-operative period or during rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Acton
- Division of Surgery, University of New South Wales, Prince of Wales Hospital, Edmund Blacket Building, High Street, 2031, Randwick, NSW, Australia
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18
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Sidorenko L, Bruce W, Maddock S, Tagliani L, Li X, Daniels M, Peterson T. Functional analysis of two matrix attachment region (MAR) elements in transgenic maize plants. Transgenic Res 2003; 12:137-54. [PMID: 12739882 DOI: 10.1023/a:1022908614356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Matrix attachment regions (MARs) are binding sites for nuclear scaffold proteins in vitro, and are proposed to mediate the attachment of chromatin to the nuclear scaffold in vivo. Previous reports suggest that MAR elements may stabilize transgene expression. Here, we tested the effects of two maize MAR elements (P-MAR from the P1-rr gene, and Adh1-MAR from the adh1 gene) on the expression of a gusA reporter gene driven by three different promoters: the maize p1 gene promoter, a wheat peroxidase (WP) gene promoter, or a synthetic promoter (Rsyn7). The inclusion of P-MAR or Adh1-MAR on P::GUS transgene constructs did not reduce variation in the levels of GUS activity among independent transformation events, nor among the progeny derived from each event. The Adh1-MAR element did not affect GUS expression driven by the WP promoter, but did modify the spatial pattern of expression of the Rsyn7::GUS transgene. These results indicate that, in transgenic maize plants, the effects of MAR elements can vary significantly depending upon the promoter used to drive the transgene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyudmila Sidorenko
- Department of Zoology and Genetics, Iowa State University, IA 50011, Ames, USA
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19
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Brouwer C, Bruce W, Maddock S, Avramova Z, Bowen B. Suppression of transgene silencing by matrix attachment regions in maize: a dual role for the maize 5' ADH1 matrix attachment region. Plant Cell 2002; 14:2251-2264. [PMID: 12215518 PMCID: PMC150768 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.004028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2002] [Accepted: 05/29/2002] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Matrix attachment regions (MARs) are DNA sequences that bind an internal nuclear network of nonhistone proteins called the nuclear matrix. Thus, they may define discrete gene-containing chromatin loops in vivo. We have studied the effects of flanking transgenes with MARs on transgene expression levels in maize callus and in transformed maize plants. Three MAR elements, two from maize (Adh1 5' MAR and Mha1 5' MAR) and one from yeast (ARS1), had very different effects on transgene expression that bore no relation to their affinity for the nuclear matrix in vitro. In callus, two of the MAR elements (Adh1 5' MAR and ARS1) reduced transgene silencing but had no effect on the variability of expression. In transgenic plants, Adh1 5' MAR had the effect of localizing beta-glucuronidase expression to lateral root initiation sites. A possible model accounting for the function of Adh1 5' MAR is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory Brouwer
- Department of Zoology and Genetics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
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20
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Abstract
Since the introduction of cemented total hip arthroplasty, the method of cement usage has evolved through several generations. These changes may have been responsible for an improvement in femoral component longevity. The nature of the bone-cement interface in first-generation cementing techniques has been described, but the bone-cement interface in more recent cementing techniques has not. This article describes the bone-cement interface after 2 different cementing techniques in a canine total hip arthroplasty model.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Horne
- Department of Surgery, Wellington School of Medicine, Wellington South, New Zealand.
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21
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Abstract
This study examined the role of substrate preparation and hydroxyapatite (HA) coating thickness on bone ongrowth and shear strength in a bilateral bicortical sheep model. Plasma-sprayed and grit-blasted titanium implants with different thickness HA coatings were examined at 4, 8, 12, and 26 weeks after implantation. Shear strength increased with time for all implants. Plasma-sprayed implants were superior to grit-blasted implants at all time points. The 100-microm-thick HA layer used in the present study provided greater fixation and ongrowth and less resorption compared with the 50-microm-thick layer. We did not observe any advantage in using a thicker HA coating for the titanium substrates examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Svehla
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, University of New South Wales, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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22
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Respiratory complications are common after arthroplasty, with pulmonary thromboembolic disease (PTE) and fat emboli being the most serious. A scintigraphic study was designed to assess the occurrence of both diseases. A prospective tomographic study of perfusion was performed within 24 h of arthroplasty. Details of the detection of fat embolism will be presented elsewhere. METHODS Patients with previous PTE were excluded. Tomographic lung studies were acquired after 99mTc-macroaggregated albumin injection. Pre- and post-operative arterial blood gases (ABGs) and relevant chest radiography/computed tomography scans were obtained. ABGs were analysed as the difference in alveolar-arterial oxygen gradients, pre- and post-operatively (DA-a). RESULTS Forty patients were studied (16F, 24M) with a mean age of 71 years (range 36-88 years). Of these, 16 were hip and 24 knee arthroplasties. PTE was detected in 25 of 38 (66%) patients evaluated. The value of DA-a was significantly different between patients with PTE and without PTE (P>0.05). Administration of prophylactic pre-operative low molecular weight heparin makes no difference to the early onset of PTE. CONCLUSION There is a high incidence of PTE immediately after arthroplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Bruce
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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23
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Abstract
Two cases of osteoarthritis of the knee are presented that illustrate the typical medial compartment pattern of scintigraphic uptake. In both cases the patients had significant medial joint pain. After high tibial osteotomy, the pattern of uptake was altered and paralleled the improvement in symptoms. These observations prompt several important issues regarding the cause of the uptake and may provide a way to monitor treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Bruce
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Nuclear Medicine, Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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24
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Affiliation(s)
- P Annett
- Sports, Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Orthosports, Sydney, Australia
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25
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Abstract
While leukocyte scintigraphy is accurate in detection of pedal osteomyelitis, there has been little data relating the technique to outcomes. We designed a trial to examine the prognostic value of sequential 99m Tc labeled leukocyte scans to establish the diagnosis of osteomyelitis and after three to four weeks of culture-guided antibiotic therapy. Twenty-three diabetic patients with proven pedal osteomyelitis (21/23) or persistent uptake (2/23) on the sequence of scans were studied. Five additional episodes of osteomyelitis developed in the group over the period of the study. Eleven patients demonstrated persistent uptake in the sequential scans. Nine progressed to amputation. The remaining two patients were biopsy-negative for infection, did not have cutaneous ulceration and were thought to have rapidly progressive arthropathy. Sequential leukocyte scintigraphy accurately predicts the need for amputation and can circumvent ineffective prolonged antibiotic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Van der Wall
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
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26
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Bruce W, Desbons P, Crasta O, Folkerts O. Gene expression profiling of two related maize inbred lines with contrasting root-lodging traits. J Exp Bot 2001; 52:459-68. [PMID: 11326052 DOI: 10.1093/jexbot/52.suppl_1.459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
To assist breeding for increased resistance to root lodging in maize, an attempt was made to identify genes that are associated with root lodging by profiling mRNA expression from two inbreds with contrasting root-related traits. These two inbreds were derived from a common F(2) pool, selfed for several generations and showed 75% relatedness based on 106 genetic markers. Under field conditions, the two inbreds exhibited significant differences in root morphology and resistance to root lodging. Whole root tissue was collected at two developmental stages from inbred 100 and 101 grown in 2 years. RNA was isolated from both the V8 and V12 stages, a few weeks prior to flowering. The RNA samples from the 1997 growing season were analysed by GeneCalling analysis, an open-ended mRNA profiling method. From over 13 500 cDNA fragments detected from each of the V8- and V12-stage samples, 229 and 325 cDNA fragments, respectively, showed greater than 2-fold differences between the two inbred lines. A total of 69 cDNA fragments that showed 2-fold or greater differences for both inbred lines were observed at both developmental stages. The gene identity and expression differences of several cDNA fragments were determined and confirmed by RNA gel blot analysis. Two genes out of five identified were homologous to a cytochrome P450 and the impedance-induced protein, both showing high levels of expression in the roots of lodging resistant lines and low levels in the sensitive lines. These data provide the first clues of genes expressed in the roots during the formative stages of root development associated with root-lodging resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Bruce
- Pioneer Hi-Bred Intl., Inc., 7300 NW 62nd Avenue, Johnston, IA 50131-1004, USA.
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27
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Abstract
A unique scintigraphic appearance has been noted in uncomplicated hip prostheses which have the acetabular component inserted after under-reaming or where a cone-shaped cup is inserted. We hypothesized that the pattern of increased uptake around the superior and inferior third of the cup with relatively reduced uptake in the medial third is due to preferential loading of the rim of the cup. A prospective study of ten patients with uncomplicated hip prostheses supports the hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M Kwon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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28
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Svehla M, Morberg P, Zicat B, Bruce W, Sonnabend D, Walsh WR. Morphometric and mechanical evaluation of titanium implant integration: comparison of five surface structures. J Biomed Mater Res 2000; 51:15-22. [PMID: 10813740 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4636(200007)51:1<15::aid-jbm3>3.0.co;2-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Achieving a stable bone-implant interface is an important factor in the long-term outcome of joint arthroplasty. In this study, we employed an ovine bicortical model to compare the bone-healing response to five different surfaces on titanium alloy implants: grit blasted (GB), grit blasted plus hydroxyapatite (50 microm thick) coating (GBHA), Porocoat(R) (PC), Porocoat(R) with HA (PCHA) and smooth (S). Push-out testing, histology, and backscatter scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging were employed to assess the healing response at 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Push-out testing revealed PC and PCHA surfaces resulted in significantly greater mechanical fixation over all other implant types at all time points (p <.05). HA coating on the grit-blasted surface significantly improved fixation at 8 and 12 weeks (p <.05). The addition of HA onto the porous coating did not significantly improve fixation in this model. Quantification of ingrowth/ongrowth from SEM images revealed that HA coating of the grit-blasted surfaces resulted in significantly more ongrowth at 4 weeks (p <.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Svehla
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Room 2-41, Level 2, South Wing, Edmund Blacket Building, Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, University of New South Wales, 2031, Sydney, Australia
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29
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Bruce W, Folkerts O, Garnaat C, Crasta O, Roth B, Bowen B. Expression profiling of the maize flavonoid pathway genes controlled by estradiol-inducible transcription factors CRC and P. Plant Cell 2000; 12:65-80. [PMID: 10634908 PMCID: PMC140215 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.12.1.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/1999] [Accepted: 10/16/1999] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
To determine the scope of gene expression controlled by the maize transcription factors C1/R and P, which are responsible for activating flavonoid synthesis, we used GeneCalling, an open-ended, gel-based, mRNA-profiling technology, to analyze cell suspension lines of the maize inbred Black Mexican Sweet (BMS) that harbored estradiol-inducible versions of these factors. BMS cells were transformed with a continually expressed estrogen receptor/maize C1 activator domain fusion gene (ER-C1) and either a fusion of C1 and R (CRC), P, or luciferase genes regulated by a promoter containing four repeats of an estrogen receptor binding site. Increasing amounts of luciferase activity, anthocyanins, and flavan-4-ols were detected in the respective cell lines after the addition of estradiol. The expression of both known and novel genes was detected simultaneously in these BMS lines by profiling the mRNA isolated from replicate samples at 0, 6, and 24 hr after estradiol treatment. Numerous cDNA fragments were identified that showed a twofold or greater difference in abundance at 6 and 24 hr than at 0 hr. The cDNA fragments from the known flavonoid genes, except chalcone isomerase (chi1), were induced in the CRC-expressing line after hormone induction, whereas only the chalcone synthase (c2) and flavanone/dihydroflavonol reductase (a1) genes were induced in the P-expressing line, as was expected. Many novel cDNA fragments were also induced or repressed by lines expressing CRC alone, P alone, or both transcription factors in unique temporal patterns. The temporal differences and the evidence of repression indicate a more diverse set of regulatory controls by CRC or P than originally expected. GeneCalling analysis was successful in detecting members of complex metabolic pathways and uncovering novel genes that were either coincidentally regulated or directly involved in such pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Bruce
- Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc., 7300 N.W. 62nd Avenue, P.O. Box 1004, Johnston, Iowa 50131, USA.
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30
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Bruce W, Folkerts O, Garnaat C, Crasta O, Roth B, Bowen B. Expression profiling of the maize flavonoid pathway genes controlled by estradiol-inducible transcription factors CRC and P. Plant Cell 2000; 12:65-80. [PMID: 10634908 DOI: 10.2307/3871030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
To determine the scope of gene expression controlled by the maize transcription factors C1/R and P, which are responsible for activating flavonoid synthesis, we used GeneCalling, an open-ended, gel-based, mRNA-profiling technology, to analyze cell suspension lines of the maize inbred Black Mexican Sweet (BMS) that harbored estradiol-inducible versions of these factors. BMS cells were transformed with a continually expressed estrogen receptor/maize C1 activator domain fusion gene (ER-C1) and either a fusion of C1 and R (CRC), P, or luciferase genes regulated by a promoter containing four repeats of an estrogen receptor binding site. Increasing amounts of luciferase activity, anthocyanins, and flavan-4-ols were detected in the respective cell lines after the addition of estradiol. The expression of both known and novel genes was detected simultaneously in these BMS lines by profiling the mRNA isolated from replicate samples at 0, 6, and 24 hr after estradiol treatment. Numerous cDNA fragments were identified that showed a twofold or greater difference in abundance at 6 and 24 hr than at 0 hr. The cDNA fragments from the known flavonoid genes, except chalcone isomerase (chi1), were induced in the CRC-expressing line after hormone induction, whereas only the chalcone synthase (c2) and flavanone/dihydroflavonol reductase (a1) genes were induced in the P-expressing line, as was expected. Many novel cDNA fragments were also induced or repressed by lines expressing CRC alone, P alone, or both transcription factors in unique temporal patterns. The temporal differences and the evidence of repression indicate a more diverse set of regulatory controls by CRC or P than originally expected. GeneCalling analysis was successful in detecting members of complex metabolic pathways and uncovering novel genes that were either coincidentally regulated or directly involved in such pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Bruce
- Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc., 7300 N.W. 62nd Avenue, P.O. Box 1004, Johnston, Iowa 50131, USA.
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31
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Abstract
PURPOSE Weight lifting is now a standard part of training in most sports. An increasing number of amateur athletes are doing strength training, mostly in unsupervised situations. A series of injuries in amateur weight lifters was analyzed by bone scintigraphy, with the aim of depicting specific patterns that would accurately identify the primary lesions. METHODS Twelve patients (10 men and 2 women) were studied whose ages ranged from 18 to 35 years. Patients were referred for bone scintigraphy with clinical diagnoses based on history, physical examination, and appropriate radiologic investigations. Diagnoses were confirmed by surgery, arthroscopy, arthrography, local steroid injection, and outcome. RESULTS Most of the injuries were in athletes undertaking free-weight training. Most injuries were in the upper limbs, particularly around the shoulder. Scintigraphic patterns of supraspinatus and bicipital tendons and also rotator cuff lesions were identified. Clavicular osteolysis, avulsion injuries, muscle damage, and vertebral lesions were also noted. Several abnormalities revealed by scintigraphy were clinically unsuspected. CONCLUSIONS Scintigraphic manifestations of several injuries, particularly around the shoulder, have a specific pattern. Recognition of these patterns can enhance the performance of bone scintigraphy. Scintigraphy also has the potential to detect clinically unsuspected disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Van der Wall
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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32
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Abstract
Using any imaging modality, the elbow is a complex joint to evaluate. The use of scintigraphy in the evaluation of the effects of acute or chronic trauma has largely been confined to epicondylitis. We developed a skyline view of the elbow that minimized the effect of overlap and assessed its incremental value in the scintigraphic assessment of several pathological conditions. Thirty-four abnormalities were evaluated in 20 patients with a range of pathologies, including epicondylitis, ligamentous avulsion injury, articular injury, fractures and synovitis. The incremental value of addition of the skyline view to the standard views was assessed in addition to the overall accuracy of scintigraphy. Overall, scintigraphy detected 27 of 34 abnormalities, with the standard views of the elbow accurately identifying 15 and the skyline view 23 abnormalities. This gave the skyline view an incremental value of 24% over the standard views. In conclusion, scintigraphy has the potential to identify a greater range of pathologies in the elbow than previously reported, due to the addition of the skyline view to the standard views.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Van der Wall
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Concord Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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33
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kannangara
- Department of Rheumatology, Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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34
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Storey GR, Bruce W, Kinchington M, Magnussen JS, Allman KC, Van Der Wall H. Tc-99m-labeled leukocyte and skeletal scintigraphy in a case of pelvic osteomyelitis. Clin Nucl Med 1998; 23:717-9. [PMID: 9790060 DOI: 10.1097/00003072-199810000-00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G R Storey
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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35
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Yu Y, Walsh WR, Sonnabend DH, Yang JL, Bonar F, Markovic B, Bruce W, Kohan L, Neil M. Cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases mRNA expression in archival human tissues from failed total hip arthroplasty using in situ hybridization and color video image analysis. Bull Hosp Jt Dis 1998; 57:23-9. [PMID: 9553699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reports on the histological and biochemical nature of periprosthetic fibrous/granulomatous tissue has, to date, been largely limited to frozen tissue sections. This study reports the cytokine and matrix metalloproteinase profiles found in periprosthetic interface tissues in THA which have failed due to aseptic loosening and in capsular tissues obtained at primary surgery. The study employs immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and color video image analysis on formalin fixed and paraffin embedded sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yu
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Prince of Wales Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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36
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Abstract
The neuropathic joint is one of the most difficult management problems in orthopaedic practice. The surgeon is often referred the patient late in the course of the disease, when there has been marked joint destruction so that non-operative measures are not suitable. We report a case of a severely deformed neuropathic knee joint, for which an uncemented total knee replacement was performed. The rationale for use of this procedure instead of arthrodesis, and discussion of the condition follow.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chong
- Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, New South Wales, Australia
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Stockwell MA, Bruce W, Soni N. The influence of CO2 production and physiological deadspace on end-tidal CO2 during controlled ventilation: a study using a mechanical model. Anaesth Intensive Care 1989; 17:482-6. [PMID: 2512821 DOI: 10.1177/0310057x8901700415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A mechanical lung model was used to investigate the effect of varying carbon dioxide production and deadspace on the end-tidal carbon dioxide levels achieved during mechanical ventilation when using the Bain, Humphrey ADE, and circle systems. Both factors had significant influence on end-tidal carbon dioxide concentration and could result in values in excess of those considered acceptable in clinical practice. The implications of the results are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Stockwell
- Magill Department of Anaesthetics, Westminster Hospital, London, U.K
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Stuberg WA, Colerick VL, Blanke DJ, Bruce W. Comparison of a clinical gait analysis method using videography and temporal-distance measures with 16-mm cinematography. Phys Ther 1988; 68:1221-5. [PMID: 3399519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare a clinical gait analysis method using videography and temporal-distance measures with 16-mm cinematography in a gait analysis laboratory. Ten children with a diagnosis of cerebral palsy (means age = 8.8 +/- 2.7 years) and 9 healthy children (means age = 8.9 +/- 2.4 years) participated in the study. Stride length, walking velocity, and goniometric measurements of the hip, knee, and ankle were recorded using the two gait analysis methods. A multivariate analysis of variance was used to determine significant differences between the data collected using the two methods. Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients were determined to examine the relationship between the measurements recorded by the two methods. The consistency of performance of the subjects during walking was examined by intraclass correlation coefficients. No significant differences were found between the methods for the variables studied. Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients ranged from .79 to .95, and intraclass coefficients ranged from .89 to .97. The clinical gait analysis method was found to be a valid tool in comparison with 16-mm cinematography for the variables that were studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- W A Stuberg
- C. Louis Meyer Children's Rehabilitation Institute, University of Nebraska, Omaha 68131
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Bruce W. Book Review: Anaesthetic Management – A Rule-based Guide. Med Chir Trans 1987. [DOI: 10.1177/014107688708001139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W Bruce
- Magill Department of Anaesthetics, Westminster Hospital, London
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Sanna LA, Bennett R, Bruce W, Edwards F, Guarino P, Ikeda T, Loney E, Monaco D, Pasek R, Rosner L, Sica S, Sloane R, Williams T, Woodbury J. Distillation Method for Determination of Moisture in Spices: Collaborative Study. J AOAC Int 1986. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/69.5.834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
AOAC method 30.005 for determination of moisture in spices by distillation was collaboratively studied to revalidate its reliability. Using toluene as the solvent system, repeatability and reproducibility were acceptable for basil. Using hexane as the solvent for red pepper produced less satisfactory results. The method has been adopted official first action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis A Sanna
- Santa Maria Chili, Inc., PO Box 1028, Santa Maria, CA 93456
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Gainaru MD, Thomson GR, Bengis RG, Esterhuysen JJ, Bruce W, Pini A. Foot-and-mouth disease and the African buffalo (Syncerus caffer). II. Virus excretion and transmission during acute infection. Onderstepoort J Vet Res 1986; 53:75-85. [PMID: 3014419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Three groups of young buffalo in captivity were infected by exposing them to similar buffalo in the acute stages of infection induced by needle inoculation with SAT 1 or 2 viruses. Clear foot lesions developed in most of the buffalo from which the relevant virus types were re-isolated. During the first week following infection virus was found in blood, nasal secretions, saliva, preputial secretions and faeces. Air samples collected in the immediate vicinity of acutely infected buffalo were also found to contain virus. However, the regularity of virus detection as well as the quantity of virus in buffalo specimens was generally lower than for cattle infected with viruses of the same type. Conversely, virus was detected in the nasal secretions or saliva of 3 buffalo up to 4 weeks after infection, a situation which has not been encountered in cattle. Susceptible cattle and impala (Aepyceros melampus) were penned together with or in the immediate vicinity of infected buffalo and shared feeding and watering facilities with the buffalo. The pattern of transmission which emerged indicated that transfer of these viruses from buffalo to other species probably occurs only in the acute stages of infection and where there is direct physical contact between the species.
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Abstract
A 5-year-old child is reported who, after an acute ingestion of chlorpromazine, developed an absolute neutropenia. The neutrophil count reached its nadir (210 cells/mm3) at 45 h postingestion. The child recovered and had a normal white blood cell count 17 d after ingestion. While neutropenia and agranulocytosis are not uncommon with chronic chlorpromazine therapy, neutropenia following an acute ingestion is unique but predictable in view of chlorpromazine's toxic effects on white cells. A white blood cell count on presentation of an acute chlorpromazine ingestion and at 24-48 h postingestion should allow detection of patients at risk for acute chlorpromazine-induced neutropenia.
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Felsot A, Maddox JV, Bruce W. Enhanced microbial degradation of carbofuran in soils with histories of Furadan use. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 1981; 26:781-788. [PMID: 7260449 DOI: 10.1007/bf01622171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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Batty E, Farmer YL, Breame AJ, Bruce W. The effect of relative humidity on swine vesicular disease virus in dried films before and during formaldehyde fumigation. J Hyg (Lond) 1979; 82:255-61. [PMID: 219108 PMCID: PMC2130149 DOI: 10.1017/s0022172400025675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Swine Vesicular Disease virus (SVDV) did not survive drying at high relative humidities (r.h.) but there was little virus loss at low r.h. Purified virus dried in films was inactivated by formaldehyde fumigation only at high r.h. Inactivation was also influenced by the suspending medium from which the virus was dried. Purified virus resuspended in distilled water and then dried, was rapidly killed, but that in tissue culture fluid survived.
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Wilkinson PJ, Donaldson AI, Greig A, Bruce W. Transmission studies with African swine fever virus. Infections of pigs by airborne virus. J Comp Pathol 1977; 87:487-95. [PMID: 908773 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9975(77)90037-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Paterson JS, Dorman RG, Darlow HM, Cook R, Brooksby JB, Sellers RF, Bruce W. Filter efficiency. Nature 1970; 228:1237-8. [PMID: 4321102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Dawe PS, Ohder H, Wegener J, Bruce W. Some observations on bovine petechial fever (Ondiri disease) passaged in sheep. Bull Epizoot Dis Afr 1970; 18:361-8. [PMID: 5538158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Bruce W. REPORT OF THE EDUCATION COMMITTEE OF THE GENERAL MEDICAL COUNCIL. West J Med 1910. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.2607.1946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Bruce W. THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL AND THE MEDICAL PROFESSION. West J Med 1909. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.2536.351-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Bruce W. THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL AND THE MEDICAL PROFESSION. West J Med 1909. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.2534.239-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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