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Singh S, Trivedi SP, Kumar M. Prolonged exposure to mercuric chloride induces oxidative stress-mediated nephrotoxicity in freshwater food fish Channa punctatus. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:36971-36985. [PMID: 38760601 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33514-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is regarded as a serious hazard to aquatic life and is particularly prevalent in aquatic ecosystems. However, there is little evidence available regarding the toxicity of mercury chloride (HgCl2) in vital organs of fish. This study was conducted to assess the effects of HgCl2 (0.039 mg/L and 0.078 mg/L) on oxidative stress-mediated genotoxicity, poikilocytosis, apoptosis, and renal fibrosis after 15, 30, and 45 days of the exposure period. According to the findings, HgCl2 intoxication in fish resulted in a significantly (P < 0.05) elevated lipid peroxidation (LPO), protein carbonyls (PC), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity levels in kidney tissues and significantly (P < 0.05) increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), poikilocytosis, DNA tail length, and the frequency of apoptotic cells (AC%) in blood cells. Kidney's ultra-structure and histopathology revealed its fibrosis, which was evident by mRNA expression of targeted genes KIM1, NOX4, TGFβ, and NFϏβ. Different indicators of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and genotoxicity were altered in a dose and time-dependent manner, according to a two-way ANOVA analysis. There was a considerable positive link between oxidative stress and kidney fibrosis in the fish Channa punctatus, and it is evident from regression correlation and PCA data analysis. The kidney's ultra-structure evaluation and histopathology both revealed a noticeable fibrosis state. Additionally, a significant (P < 0.05) downregulation in PPARδ reveals that fish body was unable to combat diseases such as kidney fibrosis induced by HgCl2. This study shed fresh light on the mechanisms underlying nephrotoxicity caused by HgCl2 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shefalee Singh
- Environmental Toxicology & Bioremediation Laboratory (ETBL), Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India
| | - Sunil P Trivedi
- Environmental Toxicology & Bioremediation Laboratory (ETBL), Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India
- Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Environmental Toxicology & Bioremediation Laboratory (ETBL), Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India.
- Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India.
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Saravanakumar K, Park S, Vijayasarathy S, Swaminathan A, Sivasantosh S, Kim Y, Yoo G, Madhumitha H, MubarakAli D, Cho N. Cellular metabolism and health impacts of dichlorvos: Occurrence, detection, prevention, and remedial strategies-A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 242:117600. [PMID: 37939806 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Dichlorvos (2,2-Dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate, [DDVP]) belongs to the class of organophosphates and is widely used as an insecticide in agriculture farming and post-harvest storage units. Extensive research has been conducted to assess the factors responsible for the presence of DDVP in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, as well as the entire food chain. Numerous studies have demonstrated the presence of DDVP metabolites in the food chain and their toxicity to mammals. These studies emphasize that both immediate and chronic exposure to DDVP can disrupt the host's homeostasis, leading to multi-organ damage. Furthermore, as a potent carcinogen, DDVP can harm aquatic systems. Therefore, understanding the contamination of DDVP and its toxicological effects on both plants and mammals is vital for minimizing potential risks and enhancing safety in the future. This review aimed to comprehensively consolidate information about the distribution, ecological effects, and health impacts of DDVP, as well as its metabolism, detection, prevention, and remediation strategies. In summary, this study observes the distribution of DDVP contaminations in vegetables and fruits, resulting in significant toxicity to humans. Although several detection and bioremediation strategies are emerging, the improper application of DDVP and the alarming level of DDVP contamination in foods lead to human toxicity that requires attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kandasamy Saravanakumar
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - SeonJu Park
- Chuncheon Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sampathkumar Vijayasarathy
- The Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany.
| | - Akila Swaminathan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
| | | | - Yebon Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Guijae Yoo
- Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-Gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hariharamohan Madhumitha
- School of Life Sciences, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600048, India.
| | - Davoodbasha MubarakAli
- School of Life Sciences, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600048, India.
| | - Namki Cho
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
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Xiang D, Luo M, Jiang F, Wen Z, Chen X, Wang X, Xu X, Wei W, Xu J. Safety assessment of subchronic feeding of insect-resistant and herbicide-resistant transgenic soybeans to juvenile channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Sci Rep 2023; 13:5445. [PMID: 37012256 PMCID: PMC10070625 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31072-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Transgenic soybean is one of the most planted crops for human food and animal feed. The channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) is an important aquatic organism cultured worldwide. In this study, the effect of six different soybean diets containing: two transgenic soybeans expressing different types of cp4-epsps, Vip3Aa and pat genes (DBN9004 and DBN8002), their non-transgenic parent JACK, and three conventional soybean varieties (Dongsheng3, Dongsheng7, and Dongsheng9) was investigated in juvenile channel catfish for eight weeks, and a safety assessment was performed. During the experiment, no difference in survival rate was observed in six groups. The hepatosomatic index (HSI) and condition factor (CF) showed no significant difference. Moreover, comparable feed conversion (FC), feeding rate (FR), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were found between transgenic soybean and JACK groups. Assessment of growth performance showed that the weight gain rate (WGR) and specific growth rate (SGR) of channel catfish were consistent. In addition, there were no changes in enzyme activity indexes (lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT)) in channel catfish among treatments. The research provided an experimental basis for the aquaculture feed industry to employ transgenic soybean DBN9004 and DBN8002 for commercial purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xiang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
- Engineering Research Centre of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Mingzhong Luo
- Engineering Research Centre of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Fukun Jiang
- Beijing DaBeiNong Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhengrong Wen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
- Engineering Research Centre of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Xiaoyun Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Xiaofu Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Xiaoli Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China.
| | - Junfeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China.
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Kumar M, Singh S, Dwivedi S, Trivedi A, Dubey I, Trivedi SP. Copper-induced Genotoxicity, Oxidative Stress, and Alteration in Transcriptional Level of Autophagy-associated Genes in Snakehead Fish Channa punctatus. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:2022-2035. [PMID: 35657539 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03301-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is an essential and important trace element for some significant life processes for most organisms. However, an excessive amount of Cu can be highly toxic. The present study was conducted to elucidate the oxidative stress-induced alteration in transcriptional level of autophagy-related genes in the liver and kidney tissue of fish Channa punctatus after treatment with three different sublethal concentrations of CuSO4 for 28 days. All the studied enzymatic and non-enzymatic oxidative stress markers viz. superoxide dismutase-SOD, catalase-CAT, glutathione peroxidase-GPx, glutathione reductase-GR, and glutathione-GSH showed an increase in their activity levels in the treated groups in a dose-dependent manner. Particularly SOD and CAT have shown a significant hike in activity levels. ROS levels in blood cells increased significantly (p < 0.05) in all the treated groups, i.e., Group II-1/20th of 96 h-LC50 (0.2 mg/L), Group III-1/10th of 96 h-LC50 (0.4 mg/L), and Group IV-1/5 h of 96 h-LC50 (0.8 mg/L) of Cu2+ in a dose-dependent manner as compared to control (Group I). The upregulation in mRNA levels of autophagy-related genes Microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3), Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein precursor (Gabarap), and Golgi-associated ATPase enhancer of 16 kDa (GATE16), autophagy-related 5 (ATG5) was observed while mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) showed downregulation in the liver and kidney tissue of fish. The decrease in mTOR and increase in ATG5 gene expression projects autophagic vesicle formation due to oxidative stress. There was significant induction in micronuclei (MN) frequency in all the treated groups. The highest frequency of MN induced by Cu2+ was recorded in Group IV after 28 days of the exposure period. Thus, it can be concluded that the available information about Cu2+-induced oxidative stress-mediated autophagy in the liver and kidney of fish C. punctatus remains largely unclear to date, so to fill the aforesaid gap, the present study was undertaken, which gives an insight for the mechanisms of autophagy induced by Cu2+ in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar
- Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India.
| | - Shefalee Singh
- Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India
| | - Shikha Dwivedi
- Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India
| | - Abha Trivedi
- Department of Animal Sciences, MJP Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, India
| | - Indrani Dubey
- Department of Zoology, DBS College, CSJM University, Kanpur, India
| | - Sunil P Trivedi
- Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India
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Fu H, Tan P, Wang R, Li S, Liu H, Yang Y, Wu Z. Advances in organophosphorus pesticides pollution: Current status and challenges in ecotoxicological, sustainable agriculture, and degradation strategies. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127494. [PMID: 34687999 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) are one of the most widely used types of pesticide that play an important role in the production process due to their effects on preventing pathogen infection and increasing yield. However, in the early development and application of OPPs, their toxicological effects and the issue of environmental pollution were not considered. With the long-term overuse of OPPs, their hazards to the ecological environment (including soil and water) and animal health have attracted increasing attention. Therefore, this review first clarified the classification, characteristics, applications of various OPPs, and the government's restriction requirements on various OPPs. Second, the toxicological effects and metabolic mechanisms of OPPs and their metabolites were introduced in organisms. Finally, the existing methods of degrading OPPs were summarized, and the challenges and further addressing strategy of OPPs in the sustainable development of agriculture, the environment, and ecology were prospected. However, methods to solve the environmental and ecological problems caused by OPPs from the three aspects of use source, use process, and degradation methods were proposed, which provided a theoretical basis for addressing the stability of the ecological environment and improving the structure of the pesticide industry in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Peng Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Renjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Senlin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haozhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Zhenlong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Farag MR, Alagawany M, Khalil SR, Moustafa AA, Mahmoud HK, Abdel-Latif HMR. Astragalus membranaceus polysaccharides modulate growth, hemato-biochemical indices, hepatic antioxidants, and expression of HSP70 and apoptosis-related genes in Oreochromis niloticus exposed to sub-lethal thallium toxicity. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 118:251-260. [PMID: 34509627 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A 60-day experiment was performed to assess the efficacy of dietary Astragalus membranaceus polysaccharides (ASP) in attenuation of sub-lethal thallium (Tl) toxicity in Nile tilapia. Six experimental groups (in triplicates) were designed where a fish group was raised in clean water and fed basal diet and served as control (CONT), two groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.15% and 0.30% ASP (ASPL and ASPH), Tl-intoxicated group exposed to 1/10 of 96-h LC50 (= 41.9 μg/L), and two other groups were fed 0.15% and 0.30% ASP and concomitantly exposed to 41.9 μg Tl/L (ASPL-Tl and ASPH-Tl). At the end of the experiment, fish behavioral responses, clinical signs, survivability, growth, whole-body composition, intestinal digestive enzymes, serum biochemical parameters, hepatic antioxidative biomarkers, and transcription of stress and apoptosis genes were assessed. Results showed that the whole-body composition, intestinal α-amylase and protease enzymes, serum AST and blood urea levels, and hepatic GSH were not significantly different among groups (P > 0.05). The Tl-intoxicated fish group was off food, had darkened skin, showed restlessness and hyperexcitability, and high mortalities. FBW, WG, SGR and FI were significantly decreased alongside increase FCR in the Tl-exposed group. Tl exposure caused significant increases (P < 0.05) in intestinal lipase enzyme and serum indices such as ALT, creatinine, total cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, and cortisol levels. Moreover, a significant decreases in hepatic CAT and SOD enzyme activities and significant increases in hepatic MDA contents were also noticed (P < 0.05). Furthermore, Tl exposure induced significant upregulation of hepatic HSP70 and apoptosis-related genes (p53 and caspase 3). Interestingly, dietary supplementation with ASP in ASPL-Tl and ASPH-Tl groups modulated the parameters mentioned above but still not reached the CONT values. Altogether, this study suggests that ASP could be beneficial in the modulation of sub-lethal Tl toxicity effects in Nile tilapia. Additionally, we can conclude that using natural feed supplements such as ASP in aquafeed might be necessary for maintaining the overall health performances of Nile tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayada R Farag
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Poultry Department, Agriculture Faculty, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Samah R Khalil
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Amr A Moustafa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Hemat K Mahmoud
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Hany M R Abdel-Latif
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 22758, Egypt.
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