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Okere CA, Kvist T, Sak-Dankosky N, Yerris V. Spiritual interventions: Improving the lives of colorectal cancer survivors-A systematic literature review. J Adv Nurs 2024. [PMID: 38632872 DOI: 10.1111/jan.16196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
AIM To systematically review the types of spiritual interventions available for colorectal cancer survivors and determine if they improve their lives. DESIGN Systematic review. DATA SOURCE A thorough literature search was conducted in July 2023 using PRIMO, PubMed/Medline, Cochrane, CINAHL, Scopus, and EMBASE. REVIEW METHODS As an extension of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) checklist, the Synthesis Without Meta-Analysis reporting guideline was employed. A narrative synthesis was used to analyse the data. RESULTS Thirty-five articles were analysed for this study. The findings suggest that psychoeducational intervention, cognitive behavioural therapy intervention, mindfulness intervention, social intervention, and spiritual counselling improved CRC survivor's coping skills, boosted self-esteem, lessened anxiety, instilled hope, enhanced daily functioning, improved survival rates, improved neurological functional status and quality of life (QoL). CONCLUSION There is proof that spiritual interventions help CRC patients and improve their QoL. It has been discovered that spiritual intervention is helpful in the diagnosis, management, and treatment of CRC conditions. IMPACT CRC survivors may have impairments in their physical ability and daily functioning as a result of many symptoms, such as pain, bowel dysfunction, and exhaustion. Furthermore, individuals may encounter difficulties in several aspects of their psychological, emotional, social, and role functioning due to the presence of dread symptoms. Therefore, these study will help CRC survivors To implement spiritual interventions in the management of their long-term care. To cultivate problem-solving abilities, foster self-assurance, and enhance self-awareness. To alleviate symptoms, enhance everyday functioning, and improve QoL. NO INDUCEMENT No financial incentives were used to compensate patients or members of the public for this review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tarja Kvist
- University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Victor Yerris
- Institut Supérieur de Formation Bancaire, Geneva, Switzerland
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Davies R, Price Tate R, Taverner NV. What next for "counseling" in genetic counseling training: A reflection on how CBT and ACT approaches can contribute to the genetic counseling toolkit. J Genet Couns 2024; 33:129-134. [PMID: 38342751 DOI: 10.1002/jgc4.1873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Counseling techniques are an important component of genetic counseling training and are focused on the person-centered counseling philosophy. While this has a long tradition within the profession and underpins the empowerment goal, it should not limit consideration of the potential benefits of education on other psychotherapeutic approaches such as the cognitive philosophy. The goal of empowerment in genetic counseling requires patients to receive information in a way that is accessible to them and to make sense of it in relation to their own health, lifestyle, and family information. This assimilation of new information is a complex cognitive process, and yet it is one that genetic counselors do not routinely actively facilitate. Rather the counseling component of genetic counseling has traditionally focused on emotionally supporting the patient which is driven by the person-centered philosophy that is covered in genetic counseling training. This paper argues for the potential for adopting more cognitive approaches informed by cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), as these short interventions can have wide impact, including engaging patients who do not want to discuss feelings, helping people to make sense of information (not just gain knowledge), and helping people to change the relationship they have with their thoughts. This paper advocates for an introduction to CBT and ACT to be incorporated into prequalification training and for more advanced training to be available to postqualification genetic counselors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Davies
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Newport, UK
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Custers JAE, Kwakkenbos L, Levis B, Döking S, van der Hoeven YCW, Leermakers L, de Wilt JHW, Thewes B, Braamse AMJ, Dekker J, Prins JB. Randomized controlled trial of an individual blended cognitive behavioral therapy to reduce psychological distress among distressed colorectal cancer survivors: The COloRectal canceR distrEss reduCTion trial. Psychooncology 2024; 33:e6270. [PMID: 38117026 DOI: 10.1002/pon.6270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Colorectal cancer survivors (CRCS) often experience high levels of distress. The objective of this randomized controlled trial was to evaluate the effect of blended cognitive behavior therapy (bCBT) on distress severity among distressed CRCS. METHODS CRCS (targeted N = 160) with high distress (Distress Thermometer ≥5) between 6 months and 5 years post cancer treatment were randomly allocated (1:1 ratio) to receive bCBT, (14 weeks including five face-to-face, and three telephone sessions and access to interactive website), or care as usual (CAU). Participants completed questionnaires at baseline (T0), four (T1) and 7 months later (T2). Intervention participants completed bCBT between T0 and T1. The primary outcome analyzed in the intention-to-treat population was distress severity (Brief Symptom Inventory; BSI-18) immediately post-intervention (T1). RESULTS 84 participants were randomized to bCBT (n = 41) or CAU (n = 43). In intention-to-treat analysis, the intervention significantly reduced distress immediately post-intervention (-3.86 points, 95% CI -7.00 to -0.73) and at 7 months post-randomization (-3.88 points, 95% CI -6.95 to -0.80) for intervention compared to CAU. Among secondary outcomes, at both time points, depression symptoms, anxiety symptoms, cancer worry, and cancer-specific distress were significantly lower in the intervention arm. Self-efficacy scores were significantly higher. Overall treatment satisfaction was high (7.4/10, N = 36) and 94% of participants would recommend the intervention to other colorectal cancer patients. CONCLUSIONS The blended COloRectal canceR distrEss reduCTion intervention seems an efficacious psychological intervention to reduce distress severity in distressed CRCS. Yet uncertainty remains about effectiveness because fewer participants than targeted were included in this trial. TRIAL REGISTRATION Netherlands Trial Register NTR6025.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A E Custers
- Department of Medical Psychology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Linda Kwakkenbos
- Department of Medical Psychology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- IQ Healthcare, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Radboudumc Center for Mindfulness, Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Brooke Levis
- Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
| | | | | | | | - Johannes H W de Wilt
- Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Belinda Thewes
- School of Psychology, Sydney University, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Annemarie M J Braamse
- Department of Medical Psychology, Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joost Dekker
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Judith B Prins
- Department of Medical Psychology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Husebø ALM, Søreide JA, Kørner H, Storm M, Wathne HB, Richardson A, Morken IM, Urstad KH, Nordfonn OK, Karlsen B. eHealth interventions to support colorectal cancer patients' self-management after discharge from surgery-an integrative literature review. Support Care Cancer 2023; 32:11. [PMID: 38055087 PMCID: PMC10700211 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-023-08191-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Colorectal cancer (CRC) creates elevated self-management demands and unmet support needs post-discharge. Follow-up care through eHealth post-primary surgery may be an effective means of supporting patients' needs. This integrative review describes the evidence regarding eHealth interventions post-hospital discharge focusing on delivery mode, user-interface and content, patient intervention adherence, impact on patient-reported outcomes and experiences of eHealth. METHODS A university librarian performed literature searches in 2021 using four databases. After screening 1149 records, the authors read 30 full-text papers and included and extracted data from 26 papers. Two authors analysed the extracted data using the 'framework synthesis approach'. RESULTS The 26 papers were published between 2012 and 2022. The eHealth interventions were mainly delivered by telephone with the assistance of healthcare professionals, combined with text messages or video conferencing. The user interfaces included websites, applications and physical activity (PA) trackers. The interventions comprised the monitoring of symptoms or health behaviours, patient information, education and counselling. Evidence showed a better psychological state and improved PA. Patients reported high satisfaction with eHealth. However, patient adherence was inadequately reported. CONCLUSIONS eHealth interventions may positively impact CRC patients' anxiety and PA regardless of the user interface. Patients prefer technology combined with a human element.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Lunde Marie Husebø
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, 4036, Stavanger, Norway.
- Research Group of Nursing and Health Sciences, Research Department, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.
| | - Jon Arne Søreide
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Hartwig Kørner
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Marianne Storm
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, 4036, Stavanger, Norway
- Research Group of Nursing and Health Sciences, Research Department, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Social Care, Molde University College, Molde, Norway
| | - Hege Bjøkne Wathne
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, 4036, Stavanger, Norway
- Research Group of Nursing and Health Sciences, Research Department, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Alison Richardson
- NIHR CLAHRC Wessex, School of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Building 67, Highfield Campus, University Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton General Hospital, Mailpoint 11, Clinical Academic Facility (Room AA102), South Academic Block, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Ingvild Margreta Morken
- Research Group of Nursing and Health Sciences, Research Department, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
- Department of Quality and Health Technologies, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, 4036, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Kristin Hjorthaug Urstad
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, 4036, Stavanger, Norway
- Faculty of Health Studies, VID Specialized University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Oda Karin Nordfonn
- Department of Health and Caring Science, Western Norway University of Applied Science, Stord, Norway
| | - Bjørg Karlsen
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, 4036, Stavanger, Norway
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Therapeutic intervention in fear of cancer recurrence in adult oncology patients: a systematic review. J Cancer Surviv 2022:10.1007/s11764-022-01277-x. [DOI: 10.1007/s11764-022-01277-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Eymech O, Brunckhorst O, Fox L, Jawaid A, Van Hemelrijck M, Stewart R, Dasgupta P, Ahmed K. An exploration of wellbeing in men diagnosed with prostate cancer undergoing active surveillance: a qualitative study. Support Care Cancer 2022; 30:5459-5468. [PMID: 35304633 PMCID: PMC8933126 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-022-06976-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is a growing emphasis on improving quality of life of people with prostate cancer. However, those undergoing active surveillance remain underrepresented in the literature with less known about their unique challenges. Therefore, we aimed to explore their lived experiences post diagnosis and its effect on their mental, social, and physical wellbeing. METHODS Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 men undergoing active surveillance for low-risk disease. Thematic analysis was used to inductively co-construct themes through the lens of the biopsychosocial model. RESULTS Mental wellbeing was strongly affected in our participants due to the overwhelming emotional impact of their diagnosis resulting in an 'Emotional Diagnostic Disequilibrium'. Informational awareness and education about prostate cancer helped patients with 'Recognition of the Impact'. Patients experienced an 'Unsettling Monitoring Cycle' due to the increased fear and anxiety around PSA monitoring appointments, with some men ignoring their mental wellbeing needs as their disease is 'A Future Problem'. 'Concealment of Diagnosis' left many feeling isolated and highlighted an important coping mechanisms in the 'Importance of a Social Support Network' theme. Finally, physical health mostly changed through alterations in health behaviour, leading to 'A Healthier Lifestyle' with increasing attribution of physical symptoms to age through 'Symptomatic Overshadowing'. CONCLUSION The greatest disease impact on men's wellbeing was at the time of diagnosis, with a subsequent cyclical anxiety and fear of disease progression prominent around monitoring appointments. Future research should explore ways to better support patients with these issues and at these times, improving their quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Eymech
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, Guy's Hospital Campus, King's College London, King's Health Partners, London, UK
| | - Oliver Brunckhorst
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, Guy's Hospital Campus, King's College London, King's Health Partners, London, UK.
| | - Louis Fox
- Translational Oncology and Urology Research (TOUR), School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Anam Jawaid
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, Guy's Hospital Campus, King's College London, King's Health Partners, London, UK
| | - Mieke Van Hemelrijck
- Translational Oncology and Urology Research (TOUR), School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Robert Stewart
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Prokar Dasgupta
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, Guy's Hospital Campus, King's College London, King's Health Partners, London, UK
- Urology Centre, Guy's and St, Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, King's Health Partners London, London, UK
| | - Kamran Ahmed
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, Guy's Hospital Campus, King's College London, King's Health Partners, London, UK
- Department of Urology, King's College Hospital, London, UK
- Department of Urology, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Cincidda C, Pizzoli SFM, Pravettoni G. Remote Psychological Interventions for Fear of Cancer Recurrence: Scoping Review. JMIR Cancer 2022; 8:e29745. [PMID: 35014956 PMCID: PMC8790693 DOI: 10.2196/29745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with cancer and survivors may experience the fear of cancer recurrence (FCR), a preoccupation with the progression or recurrence of cancer. During the spread of COVID-19 in 2019, patients and survivors experienced increased levels of FCR. Hence, there is a greater need to identify effective evidence-based treatments to help people cope with FCR. Remotely delivered interventions might provide a valuable means to address FCR in patients with cancer. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to first discuss the available psychological interventions for FCR based on traditional cognitive behavioral therapies (CBTs) or contemporary CBTs, in particular, mindfulness and acceptance and commitment therapy, and then propose a possible approach based on the retrieved literature. METHODS We searched key electronic databases to identify studies that evaluated the effect of psychological interventions such as CBT on FCR among patients with cancer and survivors. RESULTS Current evidence suggests that face-to-face psychological interventions for FCR are feasible, acceptable, and efficacious for managing FCR. However, there are no specific data on the interventions that are most effective when delivered remotely. CONCLUSIONS CBT interventions can be efficacious in managing FCR, especially at posttreatment, regardless of whether it is delivered face to face, on the web, or using a blended approach. To date, no study has simultaneously compared the effectiveness of face-to-face, web-based, and blended interventions. On the basis of the retrieved evidence, we propose the hypothetical program of an intervention for FCR based on both traditional CBT and contemporary CBT, named Change Of Recurrence, which aims to improve the management of FCR in patients with cancer and survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clizia Cincidda
- Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, European Institute of Oncology, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS), Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Francesca Maria Pizzoli
- Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, European Institute of Oncology, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriella Pravettoni
- Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, European Institute of Oncology, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS), Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Interventions to Improve Self-Efficacy in Colorectal Cancer Patients and/or Caregivers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:4553613. [PMID: 34707659 PMCID: PMC8545593 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4553613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Objective High levels of self-efficacy (SE) in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and/or caregivers enable patients to cope with cancer, reduce caregiver burden, and promote quality of life (QOL) in patients and caregivers alike. This review aims to (a) identify the SE theory sources covered by SE interventions or interventions, including targeting improved SE for CRC patients and/or caregivers, to guide future development of SE interventions; and (b) explore intervention effects based on SE theory through meta-analysis. Methods Using five electronic databases—CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase, PsycINFO, and PubMed—a systematic search was performed in April 2021 to identify English or Chinese literature that studied improving SE interventions for CRC patients and/or caregivers. Manual screening of the articles' references list was also performed. Results A total of 18 studies were found to be suitable and included in this review. Of the 18 studies that were included, 10 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) studies with 917 participants were eligible for meta-analysis. Interventions provide support for SE drawing on different sources of information. Performance accomplishment (PA) is the key source, with vicarious experience (VE) and verbal persuasion (VP) assisting in improving PA. Reducing negative emotional arousal (NEA) and improving positive emotional arousal (PEA) are also indispensable factors in improving SE. The meta-analysis results show that interventions based on the SE theory can bring about positive effects for CRC patients and/or caregivers. Conclusions Different sources of information aimed at improving SE, covered by the interventions, including PA, VE, VP, NEA, and PEA, have been explored. Positive intervention outcomes that focused on improving SE for CRC patients and/or caregivers were identified and highlighted. For future SE interventions, we advocate choosing combination sources of SE information to design interventions. It is recommended that future SE improvement interventions should focus on improving PA, supplemented by increasing VE, while reducing NEA and providing useful VP.
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Qaderi SM, van der Heijden JAG, Verhoeven RHA, de Wilt JHW, Custers JAE. Trajectories of health-related quality of life and psychological distress in patients with colorectal cancer: A population-based study. Eur J Cancer 2021; 158:144-155. [PMID: 34666216 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2021.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this nationwide cohort study was to examine the course of symptoms and trajectories of health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) and psychological distress during follow-up and to identify vulnerable patients. METHODS Patients with pathological stage I-III colorectal cancer (CRC) between 2013 and 2018 were included. Baseline characteristics were collected from the Netherlands Cancer Registry, and patients completed the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30/CR29, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) questionnaires at the baseline and subsequently at 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months. Latent class growth and multinomial logistic regression analyses were performed to outline 24-month trajectories in HR-QoL and distress and to identify predictive factors. RESULTS A total of 1535 patients with colon cancer or rectal cancer were included. Trajectory analysis of HR-QoL identified three patient classes: high HR-QoL (62.7%), improving HR-QoL (29.0%) and low HR-QoL (8.3%). The following patient groups were identified with having low distress (64.0%), moderate distress (26.9%) and high distress (9.1%). Around 13% of the total cohort had either persistent low HR-QoL or high psychological distress throughout follow-up. Patients belonging to this vulnerable group were significantly more likely to be female, to be younger aged, to have lower education, to have disease stage II-III or to have major LARS. CONCLUSIONS Although most patients treated for stage I-III CRC fared well, a small but significant proportion of around 13% did not recover during follow-up and reported low HR-QoL and/or high psychological distress levels throughout. This study's findings should be taken into account when organising and selecting patients for tailored follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed M Qaderi
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Surgical Oncology, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Joost A G van der Heijden
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Surgical Oncology, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Rob H A Verhoeven
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Surgical Oncology, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Research & Development, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organization, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes H W de Wilt
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Surgical Oncology, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jose A E Custers
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Medical Psychology, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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