1
|
Kim HY, Seo HS, Seo HA, Doh TY, Chang GT, Lee JY, Lee SH. Safety of deer antler extract in children: A 12-week randomized controlled clinical trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37970. [PMID: 38701283 PMCID: PMC11062680 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deer antlers have been used as strong tonifying medicine in Asian countries, especially for the growth and development of children in pediatrics of Korean medicine. The safety of deer antler in adults cannot be applied directly to children because of their physiological characteristics. To accumulate reliable data on the safety of deer antler in pediatric populations, well-designed clinical studies are required. METHODS This research is a 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial evaluating the safety of deer antler extract (DAE) in children. The DAE group received an intervention containing 1586 mg of DAE, whereas the control group received a placebo for 12 weeks. The safety was assessed by monitoring adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and laboratory test results. RESULTS One hundred participants were included in the safety analysis. Three and 2 participants in the DAE and control groups, respectively, reported ADRs. There was no significant difference in incidence between the 2 groups. ADRs are categorized into gastrointestinal and skin-related symptoms. No serious ADR was observed throughout the study. The laboratory test results were within or outside the normal range at clinically insignificant levels. CONCLUSION The research discovered that the DAE is safe in terms of ADRs and laboratory parameters under the conditions studied. Further studies are required to accumulate safety data about DAE dosage adjustment and potential interactions with other medicines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye Yeon Kim
- Department of Korean Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Sun Seo
- Department of Korean Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Clinical Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Ae Seo
- Department of Clinical Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Yun Doh
- Department of Korean Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu Tae Chang
- Department of Korean Pediatrics, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Gangdong-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Yong Lee
- Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Haeng Lee
- Department of Korean Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wu Q, Li Y, Ye R, Wang H, Ge Y. Velvet antler polypeptide (VAP) protects against cerebral ischemic injury through NF-κB signaling pathway in vitro. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2024; 33:107666. [PMID: 38423152 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2024.107666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Velvet antler polypeptide (VAP) has been shown to play important roles in the immune and nervous systems. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effects of VAP on cerebral ischemic injury with the involvement of NF-κB signaling pathway in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS PC-12 cells stimulated by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) was used to mimic cerebral ischemic injury in vitro. The levels of ROS, SOD, and intracellular concentrations of Ca2+ were measured by the relevant kits. Meanwhile, the expressions of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α) were determined by ELISA kit assay. In addition, MTT, EdU, and flow cytometry assays were used to measure the cell proliferation and apoptosis. Besides which, the related proteins of NF-κB signaling pathway were measured by western blotting assay. RESULTS VAP alleviated cerebral ischemic injury by reducing OGD/R-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in PC-12 cells in a time dependent manner. Mechanistically, VAP inhibited the levels of p-p65 and p-IkB-α in a time dependent manner, which was induced by OGD/R operation. Moreover, NF-κB agonist diprovocim overturned the suppression effects of VAP on OGD/R-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in PC-12 cells. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate that VAP may alleviate cerebral ischemic injury by suppressing the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wu
- Physical Examination Center, Wuhan Third Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430074, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yutao Li
- Physical Examination Center, Wuhan Third Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430074, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Ru Ye
- Physical Examination Center, Wuhan Third Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430074, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Physical Examination Center, Wuhan Third Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430074, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ying Ge
- Physical Examination Center, Wuhan Third Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430074, Hubei Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Widyowati R, Suciati S, Haryadi DM, Chang HI, Suryawan IN, Tarigan N. The effect of deer antler from East Kalimantan to increase trabecular bone density and calcium levels in serum on osteoporotic mice. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 32:1145-1150. [PMID: 33580921 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2020-0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (dexamethasone) is a primary cause of secondary osteoporosis by the decreasing formation and increasing resorption activities. Previously, the in vitro study showed that 70% ethanol and aqueous extract of deer antler have increased alkaline phosphatase in osteoblast cell that known as marker of bone formation. The mind of this study is to analyze the effect of deer antlers in increasing the bone trabecular density of osteoporosis-induced male mice. METHODS This study used a post-test control group design. A total of 54 healthy male mice were randomly divided to nine groups, i.e., healthy control, osteoporotic, positive control, 70% ethanol (4, 8, and 12 mg/kg BW), and aqueous extracts (4, 8, and 12 mg/kg BW) of deer antler groups. All of the interventions were given 1 mL of test sample for 4 weeks orally. The bone densities were determined using histomorphometry by Image J and Adobe Photoshop. The statistical data were performed using SPSS 23 and statistical significance was set at p<0.05. RESULTS The results showed that alendronate group, 70% ethanol, and aqueous extract groups increased bone density and calcium levels in serum (p<0.05) compared to osteoporotic group in dose dependent manner. It indicated that 70% ethanol and aqueous extract of deer antler stimulating bone turnover and aqueous extract showed the highest. CONCLUSIONS Dexamethasone induction for 4 weeks caused osteoporotic mice and the administration of 70% ethanol and aqueous extracts of deer antler from East Kalimantan increased trabecular bone density and calcium levels in dose dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Retno Widyowati
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Nanizar Zaman Joenoes Building, Campus C, Mulyorejo, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Suciati Suciati
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Nanizar Zaman Joenoes Building, Campus C, Mulyorejo, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Dewi Melani Haryadi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Nanizar Zaman Joenoes Building, Campus C, Mulyorejo, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Hsin-I Chang
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan, P. R. China
| | - Ipg Ngurah Suryawan
- UPTD Pembibitan dan Inseminasi Buatan, Dinas Peternakan dan Kesehatan Hewan Provinsi Kalimantan Timur, Penajam Paser Utara, Indonesia
| | - Nurliana Tarigan
- UPTD Pembibitan dan Inseminasi Buatan, Dinas Peternakan dan Kesehatan Hewan Provinsi Kalimantan Timur, Penajam Paser Utara, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Huang WC, Huang CC, Chuang HL, Chiu CC, Chen WC, Hsu MC. Cornu cervi pantotrichum supplementation improves physiological adaptions during intensive endurance training. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 79:674-682. [PMID: 28163267 PMCID: PMC5383196 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.16-0623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cornu cervi pantotrichum (CCP), used in traditional Chinese medicine, is a well-known yang-invigorating agent with multifunctional
bioactivities. We previously showed, through an acute exercise challenge, that short-term CCP supplementation improved physical activities and
fatigue-associated biochemical indices. Questions about the long-term effects of CCP treatment on exercise performance and physical fatigue, as well as safety,
with intensive exercise training need further research. ICR-strain mice were randomly assigned to three groups: (1) sedentary control and vehicle treatment
(SC); (2) exercise training with vehicle treatment (ET); and (3) ET with CCP treatment at 4,108 mg/kg/day (ET+CCP). We assessed the physical performance, body
compositions, and serum levels of lactate, ammonia, glucose and creatine kinase (CK) after an acute exercise challenge. The ET and ET+CCP groups had
significantly increased grip strength and endurance swimming time, and decreased serum lactate and ammonia levels after the acute exercise challenge than the SC
group. Moreover, serum ammonia and CK levels in the ET+CCP group were significantly decreased when compared to that of the ET only group. In regard to the body
composition, the ET+CCP group inhibits the decrease in fat tissue, and related biochemical changes induced by the high intensity endurance training CCP
supplementation combined with high-intensity endurance exercise could significantly improve the physiological adaptions related to fatigue or energy consumption
and maintain the fat composition when compared to treatment with training only. Therefore, CCP may potentially improve the physiological adaptions in intensive
exercise training.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ching Huang
- Department of Exercise and Health Science, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei 11219, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zha E, Dandan L, Bai X, Zhou T, Li Y, Shenyang G, Yue X. A recombinant polypeptide from velvet antler of Cervus nippon Temminck exhibits similar immunomodulatory effects as its natural counterpart. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2016; 38:385-389. [PMID: 27600490 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2016.1233978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Velvet antler (VA) is recognized as one of the most important Chinese traditional medical herbs. To date, the immunoactivity of the single component of VA is rarely studied though its compound extracts have been well analyzed. OBJECTIVE The current study was designed to evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of a recombinant polypeptide (rVAP32) based on the VA of the sika deer by comparison with its natural counterpart (nVAP32). MATERIALS AND METHODS Splenocytes proliferation and NK-cell cytotoxicity assay was evaluated by the WST-8 colorimetric method. CD4+/CD8+ cell subpopulations regulation was screened by the flowcytometry method and the Th1 or Th2-related cytokine production was measured by ELISA. RESULTS In vitro tests showed that both rVAP32 and nVAP32 could significantly stimulate splenocytes proliferation and enhance the NK-cell cytotoxicity and CD4+/CD8+ cell subpopulations when compared with the irrelevant peptide and blank control groups. Also, they demonstrated a significant capacity in up- and down-regulating the expression of Th1- and Th2-related cytokines, respectively. There is no statistically significant difference found between the rVAP32 tested group and nVAP32 control group. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The results obtained herein indicate that rVAP32 has the similar immunomodulatory effects on the immune system of mice as its counterpart nVAP32 in vitro. The further test in vivo is qualified and rVAP32 is promised for developing a new biopharmaceutical product as a substitute for nVAP32.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enhui Zha
- a Department of Food Science and Engineering , Jinzhou Medical University , Jinzhou , China
| | - Li Dandan
- b Animal Quarantine Lab , Inspection & Quarantine Technology Center of Hainan Entry-Exit Inspection & Quarantine Bureau , Haikou , China
| | - Xue Bai
- a Department of Food Science and Engineering , Jinzhou Medical University , Jinzhou , China
| | - Tiezhong Zhou
- c Department of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine , Jinzhou Medical University , Jinzhou , China
| | - Yongong Li
- c Department of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine , Jinzhou Medical University , Jinzhou , China
| | - Gao Shenyang
- c Department of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine , Jinzhou Medical University , Jinzhou , China
| | - Xiqing Yue
- a Department of Food Science and Engineering , Jinzhou Medical University , Jinzhou , China.,d College of Food Science , Shenyang Agricultural University , Shenyang , China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
The Effects of Elk Velvet Antler Dietary Supplementation on Physical Growth and Bone Development in Growing Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:819520. [PMID: 26366186 PMCID: PMC4561106 DOI: 10.1155/2015/819520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Elk velvet antler (EVA) has been used in traditional Oriental medicine for centuries to promote general health; however, little evidence for its effect on bone development is available. We investigated the effects of lifelong exposure of Wistar rats to a diet containing 10% EVA on physical growth and bone development. Measurements included weekly body weights, blood chemistry and kidney and testis/ovary indices (sacrificed at 5, 9, or 16 weeks of age), and bone traits of the femur bones by peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT). Mean body weights were higher in the EVA group at 4–8 weeks in males and at 5 weeks of age in females. The kidney indices were greater in EVA dietary supplemented male rats at 5 and 16 weeks of age, in females at 16 weeks of age, and testis/ovary indices at 5 weeks of age. The femoral length was increased in both males and females at 5 weeks, and several pQCT-measured parameters had increased in EVA males and females. The activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) increased in EVA group while the content of calcium and phosphorus did not differ among groups. Our results seem to support a role for dietary supplementation of EVA on growth and bone development in this model.
Collapse
|
7
|
Zha E, Li X, Li D, Guo X, Gao S, Yue X. Immunomodulatory effects of a 3.2kDa polypeptide from velvet antler of Cervus nippon Temminck. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 16:210-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
8
|
Dietary supplementation of female rats with elk velvet antler improves physical and neurological development of offspring. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:640680. [PMID: 22550542 PMCID: PMC3323865 DOI: 10.1155/2012/640680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Elk velvet antler (EVA) has a traditional use for promotion of general health. However, evidence of EVA effects at different lifestages is generally lacking. This paper investigated the effects of long-term maternal dietary EVA supplementation on physical, reflexological and neurological development of rat offspring. Female Wistar rats were fed standard chow or chow containing 10% EVA for 90 days prior to mating and throughout pregnancy and lactation. In each dietary group, 56 male and 56 female pups were assessed for physical, neuromotor, and reflexologic development postnatally. Among the examined physical developmental parameters, incisor eruption occurred one day earlier in pups nursing dams receiving EVA. Among neuromotor developmental parameters, duration of supported and unsupported standing was longer for pups nursing EVA supplemented dams. Acquisition of neurological reflex parameters (righting reflex, negative geotaxis, cliff avoidance acoustic startle) occurred earlier in pups nursing dams receiving EVA. Longterm maternal EVA supplementation prior to and during pregnancy and lactation accelerated certain physical, reflexologic, and neuromotor developmental milestones and caused no discernible adverse effects on developing offspring. The potential benefits of maternal EVA supplementation on postnatal development warrants further investigation to determine whether EVA can be endorsed for the promotion of maternal and child health.
Collapse
|
9
|
KIM EUNKYUNG, LEE WONBOK, MOON SANGHO, JEON YOUJIN, AHN CHANGBUM, KIM BOKYUNG, KIM BONGHEE, PARK PYOJAM, JEON BYONGTAE. FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITY BY ESR SPECTROSCOPY AND NEUROPROTECTIVE EFFECT ON H2O2-INDUCED DAMAGE IN PC-12 CELLS OF ENZYMATIC EXTRACTS FROM KOREAN ELK VELVET ANTLER. J Food Biochem 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4514.2009.00261.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|