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Buckley C, Millán-Martín S, Carillo S, Füssl F, MacHale C, Bones J. Implementation of a LC-MS based multi-attribute method (MAM) and intact multi-attribute method (iMAM) workflow for the characterisation of a GLP-Fc fusion protein. Anal Biochem 2024; 693:115585. [PMID: 38851475 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2024.115585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Over the past few years, the implementation of mass spectrometry (MS) in QC laboratories has become a more common occurrence. The multi-attribute method (MAM), and emerging intact multi-attribute method (iMAM), are powerful analytical tools utilising liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) methods that enable the monitoring of critical quality attributes (CQAs) in biotherapeutic proteins in compliant settings. Both MAM and iMAM are intended to replace or supplement several conventional assays with a single LC-MS method utilising MS data in combination with robust, semi-automated data processing workflows. MAM and iMAM workflows can also be implemented into current Good Manufacturing Practices environments due to the availability of CFR 11 compliant chromatography data system software. In this study, MAM and iMAM are employed for the analysis of 4 batches of a glucagon-like peptide-Fc fusion protein. MAM approach involved a first the discovery phase for the identification of CQAs and second, the target monitoring phase of the selected CQAs in other samples. New peak detection was performed on the data set to determine the appearance, absence or change of any peak. For native iMAM workflow both size exclusion and strong cation exchange chromatography were optimized for the identification and monitoring of CQAs at the intact level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciarán Buckley
- Eli Lilly Kinsale Limited, Dunderrow, Kinsale, Co. Cork, P17 NY71, Ireland; School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4, D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Silvia Millán-Martín
- National Institute for Bioprocessing Research & Training, Fosters Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, A94 X099, Co. Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sara Carillo
- National Institute for Bioprocessing Research & Training, Fosters Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, A94 X099, Co. Dublin, Ireland
| | - Florian Füssl
- National Institute for Bioprocessing Research & Training, Fosters Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, A94 X099, Co. Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ciara MacHale
- Eli Lilly Kinsale Limited, Dunderrow, Kinsale, Co. Cork, P17 NY71, Ireland
| | - Jonathan Bones
- School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4, D04 V1W8, Ireland; National Institute for Bioprocessing Research & Training, Fosters Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, A94 X099, Co. Dublin, Ireland.
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Zheng J, Hong BV, Agus JK, Tang X, Klebaner NR, Chen S, Guo F, Harvey DJ, Lebrilla CB, Zivkovic AM. Lutein and Zeaxanthin Enhance, Whereas Oxidation, Fructosylation, and Low pH Damage High-Density Lipoprotein Biological Functionality. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:616. [PMID: 38790721 PMCID: PMC11118252 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) are key regulators of cellular cholesterol homeostasis but are functionally altered in many chronic diseases. The factors that cause HDL functional loss in chronic disease are not fully understood. It is also unknown what roles antioxidant carotenoids play in protecting HDL against functional loss. The aim of this study was to measure how various disease-associated chemical factors including exposure to (1) Cu2+ ions, (2) hypochlorous acid (HOCL), (3) hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), (4) sialidase, (5) glycosidase, (6) high glucose, (7) high fructose, and (8) acidic pH, and the carotenoid antioxidants (9) lutein and (10) zeaxanthin affect HDL functionality. We hypothesized that some of the modifications would have stronger impacts on HDL particle structure and function than others and that lutein and zeaxanthin would improve HDL function. HDL samples were isolated from generally healthy human plasma and incubated with the corresponding treatments listed above. Cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC), lecithin-cholesterol acyl transferase (LCAT) activity, and paraoxonase-1 (PON1) activity were measured in order to determine changes in HDL functionality. Median HDL particle diameter was increased by acidic pH treatment and reduced by HOCl, high glucose, high fructose, N-glycosidase, and lutein treatments. Acidic pH, oxidation, and fructosylation all reduced HDL CEC, whereas lutein, zeaxanthin, and sialidase treatment improved HDL CEC. LCAT activity was reduced by acidic pH, oxidation, high fructose treatments, and lutein. PON1 activity was reduced by sialidase, glycosidase, H2O2, and fructose and improved by zeaxanthin and lutein treatment. These results show that exposure to oxidizing agents, high fructose, and low pH directly impairs HDL functionality related to cholesterol efflux and particle maturation, whereas deglycosylation impairs HDL antioxidant capacity. On the other hand, the antioxidants lutein and zeaxanthin improve or preserve both HDL cholesterol efflux and antioxidant activity but have no effect on particle maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Zheng
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (J.Z.); (B.V.H.); (J.K.A.); (X.T.); (N.R.K.)
| | - Brian V. Hong
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (J.Z.); (B.V.H.); (J.K.A.); (X.T.); (N.R.K.)
| | - Joanne K. Agus
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (J.Z.); (B.V.H.); (J.K.A.); (X.T.); (N.R.K.)
| | - Xinyu Tang
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (J.Z.); (B.V.H.); (J.K.A.); (X.T.); (N.R.K.)
| | - Nola R. Klebaner
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (J.Z.); (B.V.H.); (J.K.A.); (X.T.); (N.R.K.)
| | - Siyu Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (S.C.); (C.B.L.)
| | - Fei Guo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Danielle J. Harvey
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Carlito B. Lebrilla
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (S.C.); (C.B.L.)
| | - Angela M. Zivkovic
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (J.Z.); (B.V.H.); (J.K.A.); (X.T.); (N.R.K.)
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Tarannum A, Arif Z, Mustafa M, Alam K, Moinuddin, Habib S. Albumin from sera of rheumatoid arthritis patients share multiple biochemical, biophysical and immunological properties with in vitro generated glyco-nitro-oxidized-albumin. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-17. [PMID: 37982266 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2283153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study is to explore the effects of endogenous stressors on structure and function of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients' albumin. In contrast to glycated-albumin or nitro-oxidized-albumin, high titre antibodies against glyco-nitro-oxidized-albumin were found in the sera of RA patients. Also, compared to the other two modified forms of albumin, glyco-nitro-oxidized-albumin showed highest percent inhibition. Albumin isolated from RA patients' sera displayed hyperchromicity and quenching of tyrosine and tryptophan fluorescence. Fluorescence spectroscopy studies also revealed the presence of dityrosine and advanced glycation end products in RA patient's albumin. RA patients' albumin showed weaker binding with 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonic acid dye. Secondary structure alterations were demonstrated by circular dichroism and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Biochemical investigations revealed substantial decline in the availability of free side chains of amino acid residues; increased carbonyls and decreased sulfhydryls in RA patients' albumin. The functional impairment in RA patients' albumin was revealed by their low binding with bilirubin and cobalt. Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry analysis revealed the presence of Nε-(carboxymethyl) lysine and 3-nitrotyrosine in RA patients' albumin. The amyloidogenic aggregation of RA patients' albumin was confirmed by Congo red absorption and thioflavin-T fluorescence assays. The morphology of the aggregates was visualized under scanning and transmission electron microscope. From the above findings, we inferred that endogenous stress in RA patients have modified albumin and produce structural/functional abnormalities. Also, the presence of anti-glyco-nitro-oxidized-albumin antibodies along with other clinical features may be used as biomarker for the diagnosis and assessment of treatment responses in RA patients.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhlas Tarannum
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Zarina Arif
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohd Mustafa
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Khursheed Alam
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Moinuddin
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Safia Habib
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Gupta A, Khursheed M, Arif Z, Badar A, Alam K. Methylglyoxal-induces multiple stable changes in human serum albumin before forming nephrotoxic advanced glycation end-products: Injury demonstration in human embryonic kidney cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 214:252-263. [PMID: 35716786 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The minor fraction of methylglyoxal that is not metabolized in healthy humans reacts with macromolecules to form AGEs. In diabetics, the formation of MG is accelerated; its level may be enhanced multifold. The glyoxalase enzymes responsible for the regular and effective clearance of excess methylglyoxal may become defective in diabetes mellitus leading to its retention in cells and plasma. The methylglyoxal-modified-HSA was prepared, characterised by multiple biophysical techniques and biochemical (s) and its damaging effect was examined on embryonic kidney cell line HEK 293. The UV results showed hyperchromicity in MG-modified-HSA while nitroblue tetrazolium and fluorescence data suggested AGEs formation in comparison to control HSA. Upward shift of negative peaks in CD suggested reduction in α-helicity. Accelerated mobility and diffused broad bands observed in native and SDS polyacrylamide gel, respectively suggest neutralization of some of the positive charges on MG-modified-HSA as well as generation of cross-links. As observed by trypan blue assay, MTT, LDH activity assay, acridine orange, propidium iodide, ethidium bromide, 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining and ROS measurements, the MG-HSA AGEs caused damage to human embryonic kidney cells. The data suggest that MG-HSA AGEs may trigger powerful inflammatory responses at cellular level which might set the stage for nephrotoxicity in diabetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akankcha Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P., India
| | - Manal Khursheed
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P., India
| | - Zarina Arif
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P., India
| | - Asim Badar
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P., India
| | - Khursheed Alam
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P., India.
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5
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Pappenreiter M, Lhota G, Vorauer‐Uhl K, Sissolak B. Antibody glycation during a
CHO
fed‐batch process following a constrained second order reaction. Biotechnol Prog 2022; 38:e3261. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Pappenreiter
- Innovation Management Bilfinger Life Science GmbH Salzburg Austria
- Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, Department of Biotechnology University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna Austria
| | - Gabriele Lhota
- Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, Department of Biotechnology University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna Austria
| | - Karola Vorauer‐Uhl
- Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, Department of Biotechnology University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna Austria
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Glyoxal induced glycative insult suffered by immunoglobulin G and fibrinogen proteins: A comparative physicochemical characterization to reveal structural perturbations. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 205:283-296. [PMID: 35192903 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Glycation of proteins results in structural alteration, functional deprivation, and generation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are generated during in vivo autoxidation of glucose induces glycoxidation of intermediate glycation-adducts, which in turn give rise to aldehyde and/or ketone groups containing dicarbonyls or reactive carbonyl species (RCS). RCS further reacts non-enzymatically and starts the glycation-oxidation vicious cycle, thus exacerbating oxidative, carbonyl, and glycative stress in the physiological system. Glyoxal (GO), a reactive dicarbonyl that generates during glycoxidation and lipid peroxidation, contributes to glycation. This in vitro physicochemical characterization study focuses on GO-induced glycoxidative damage suffered by immunoglobulin G (IgG) and fibrinogen proteins. The structural alterations were analyzed by UV-vis, fluorescence, circular dichroism, and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Ketoamines, protein carbonyls, hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), free lysine, free arginine, carboxymethyllysine (CML), and protein aggregation were also quantified. Structural perturbations, increased concentration of ketoamines, protein carbonyls, HMF, and malondialdehyde (MDA) were reported in glycated proteins. The experiment results also validate increased oxidative stress and AGEs formation i.e. IgG-AGEs and Fib-AGEs. Thus, we can conclude that AGEs formation during GO-mediated glycation of IgG and fibrinogen could hamper normal physiology and might play a significant role in the pathogenesis of diabetes-associated secondary complications.
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7
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Khanam A, Ahmad S, Husain A, Rehman S, Farooqui A, Yusuf MA. Glycation and Antioxidants: Hand in the Glove of Antiglycation and Natural Antioxidants. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2021; 21:899-915. [PMID: 32039678 DOI: 10.2174/1389203721666200210103304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The non-enzymatic interaction of sugar and protein resulting in the formation of advanced glycation end products responsible for cell signaling alterations ultimately leads to the human chronic disorders such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, etc. Studies suggest that AGEs upon interaction with receptors for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) result in the production of pro-inflammatory molecules and free radicals that exert altered gene expression effect. To date, many studies unveiled the potent role of synthetic and natural agents in inhibiting the glycation reaction at a lesser or greater extent. This review focuses on the hazards of glycation reaction and its inhibition by natural antioxidants, including polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afreen Khanam
- IIRC-1, Laboratory of Glycation Biology and Metabolic Disorders, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Saheem Ahmad
- IIRC-1, Laboratory of Glycation Biology and Metabolic Disorders, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Arbab Husain
- IIRC-1, Laboratory of Glycation Biology and Metabolic Disorders, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Shahnawaz Rehman
- IIRC-1, Laboratory of Glycation Biology and Metabolic Disorders, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Alvina Farooqui
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Mohd Aslam Yusuf
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow, India
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Protective Effects of Swertiamarin against Methylglyoxal-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition by Improving Oxidative Stress in Rat Kidney Epithelial (NRK-52E) Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092748. [PMID: 34067107 PMCID: PMC8125635 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased blood glucose in diabetic individuals results in the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), causing various adverse effects on kidney cells, thereby leading to diabetic nephropathy (DN). In this study, the antiglycative potential of Swertiamarin (SM) isolated from the methanolic extract of E. littorale was explored. The effect of SM on protein glycation was studied by incubating bovine serum albumin with fructose at 60 °C in the presence and absence of different concentrations of swertiamarin for 24 h. For comparative analysis, metformin was also used at similar concentrations as SM. Further, to understand the role of SM in preventing DN, in vitro studies using NRK-52E cells were done by treating cells with methylglyoxal (MG) in the presence and absence of SM. SM showed better antiglycative potential as compared to metformin. In addition, SM could prevent the MG mediated pathogenesis in DN by reducing levels of argpyrimidine, oxidative stress and epithelial mesenchymal transition in kidney cells. SM also downregulated the expression of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β. This study, for the first time, reports the antiglycative potential of SM and also provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms by which SM prevents toxicity of MG on rat kidney cells.
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Rafi Z, Alouffi S, Khan MS, Ahmad S. 2’-Deoxyribose Mediated Glycation Leads to Alterations in BSA Structure Via Generation of Carbonyl Species. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2020; 21:924-935. [DOI: 10.2174/1389203721666200213104446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The non-enzymatic glycosylation is a very common phenomenon in the physiological
conditions which is mediated by distinct chemical entities containing reactive carbonyl species (RCS)
and participates in the modification of various macromolecules particularly proteins. To date, various
carbonyl species, i.e., glucose, fructose, D-ribose and methylglyoxal have been used frequently to
assess the in-vitro non-enzymatic glycosylation. Similarly, 2'-Deoxyribose is one of the most abundant
reducing sugar of the living organisms which forms the part of deoxyribonucleic acid and may react
with proteins leading to the production of glycation intermediates, advanced glycation end products
(AGEs) and highly reactive RCS. Thymidine phosphorylase derived degradation of thymidine
contributes to the formation of 2'-Deoxyribose, therefore, acting as a major source of cellular 2'-
Deoxyribose. Since albumin is a major serum protein which plays various roles including binding and
transporting endogenous and exogenous ligands, it is more prone to be modified through different
physiological modifiers; therefore, it may serve as a model protein for in-vitro experiments to study the
effect of 2’Deoxyribose mediated modific#039;-Deoxyribose followed by examining secondary and
tertiary structural modifications in BSA as compared to its native (unmodified) form by using various
physicochemical techniques. We evident a significant modification in 2'-Deoxyribose-glycated BSA
which was confirmed through increased hyperchromicity, keto amine moieties, carbonyl and
hydroxymethylfurfural content, fluorescent AGEs, altered secondary structure conformers (α helix and
β sheets), band shift in the amide-I region and diminished free lysine and free arginine content. These
modifications were reported to be higher in 100 mM 2'-Deoxyribose-glycated BSA than 50 mM 2'-
Deoxyribose-glycated BSA. Our findings also demonstrated that the rate of glycation is positively
affected by the increased concentration of 2'-Deoxyribose. The results of the performed study can be
implied to uncover the phenomenon of serum protein damage caused by 2'-Deoxyribose leading
towards diabetic complications and the number of AGE-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeeshan Rafi
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow, 226026, UP, India
| | - Sultan Alouffi
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha’il, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Sajid Khan
- Department of Bioscience, Integral University, Lucknow, 226026, UP, India
| | - Saheem Ahmad
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha’il, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
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Arif Z, Tarannum A, Arfat MY, Arif B, Shahab S, Arif M, Nelofar K, Badar A, Islam SN, Zaman A, Ahmad S, Iqubal MA, Gupta A, Aggarwal A, Alam K. Impact of endogenous stress on albumin structure in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 151:891-900. [PMID: 32014478 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an inflammatory, autoimmune disorder of unknown etiology. The inflammatory stress in SLE patients may modify macromolecules and produce structural/functional abnormalities. The present study is aimed at examining the consequences of stresses on the structure of albumin in SLE patients. Albumin was isolated from the sera of SLE/healthy subjects. Multiple physicochemical techniques were used to elucidate, structure of albumin. Advanced glycation end products in SLE patients' albumin were identified by the AGE specific fluorescence. Quenching of tryptophan, tyrosine fluorescence and surface protein hydrophobicity was observed in SLE patients' albumin. Protein-bound carbonyls were elevated while free thiol, lysine, arginine, and alpha helicity was found to be decreased in SLE albumin. Furthermore, changes in the secondary structure of SLE albumin were observed as shift in the position of amide I/II bands. Functionality of SLE albumin was also compromised as its cobalt-binding ability was substantially declined. Adduction of moieties was detected by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and confirmed by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization. DLS, thioflavin T and transmission electron microscopy results confirmed aggregates in SLE patients' albumin. This study may be helpful in understanding the role of modified albumin in the cofounding pathologies associated with SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zarina Arif
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India.
| | - Akhlas Tarannum
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Mir Yasir Arfat
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Binish Arif
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Sana Shahab
- Department of Business and Administration, College of Business and Administration, Princess Norah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maryam Arif
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Science, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Km Nelofar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Asim Badar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Shireen Naaz Islam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Asif Zaman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Shafeeque Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Al-Falah School of Medical Science and Research Centre, Al-Falah University, Dhauj, Faridabad 121004, Haryana, India
| | - Mohammad Arif Iqubal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Akankcha Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Amita Aggarwal
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Khursheed Alam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
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11
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Aditi P, Srivastava S, Pandey H, Tripathi YB. Toxicity profile of honey and ghee, when taken together in equal ratio. Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:624-636. [PMID: 32455119 PMCID: PMC7235625 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Honey and ghee in equal ratio has always been found as an incompatible diet, if taken for long duration: mention in Charak Samhita. This has been proven by many biochemical parameters including liver function test, renal function test, oxidative stress tests, incretin hormones, DPP-4 enzyme activity as well as some protein modification test like amadori test, albumin cobalt binding assay and advanced glycation end product formation test. The liver tissue morphology alternation and inflammatory cell infiltration has been validated through H&E and immunohistochemistry.
Honey and ghee are an essential component of our diet. They play an important role like anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antimicrobial, etc. It is written in Charak Samhita that an equal mixture of honey and ghee turn into a harmful component for health. This study was designed to explore the mechanism of toxicity through the biochemical and histological parameters in Charles foster rats (24 rats were used). We have divided these rats into four groups (n = 6) - normal, honey (0.7 ml/100 g bw), ghee (0.7 ml/100 g bw), and honey + ghee (1:1) (1.5 ml/100 g bw). Treatment was given orally for 60 days. All rats were sacrificed on 61 days. Biochemical parameters like liver function test, kidney function test, Oxidative stress, Glycemic, and some protein modification parameters were done in blood plasma. We found weight loss, hair loss, red patches on ear, and increased liver function test, oxidative stress, Amadori product formation, advanced glycation end-product formation, dipeptidyl protease (DPP-4) and decreased incretins (glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1) and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP)) in honey + ghee group. H&E and immunohistochemistry results showed mild inflammation in liver tissue but no changes in the kidney, intestine and, pancreas. Thus it concluded that the increased formation of Amadori product, DPP-4 activity and low incretins (GLP-1, GIP) activity resulting high postprandial hyperglycemic response could be collectively responsible for oxidative stress-mediated toxicity of honey and ghee in the equal mixture.
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Amani S, Fatima S. Glycation With Fructose: The Bitter Side of Nature's Own Sweetener. Curr Diabetes Rev 2020; 16:962-970. [PMID: 32013850 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121666200204115751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Fructose is a ketohexose and sweetest among all the natural sugars. Like other reducing sugars, it reacts readily with the amino- and nucleophilic groups of proteins, nucleic acids and other biomolecules resulting in glycation reactions. The non-enzymatic glycation reactions comprise Schiff base formation, their Amadori rearrangement followed by complex and partly incompletely understood reactions culminating in the formation of Advance Glycation End products (AGEs). The AGEs are implicated in complications associated with diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, Parkinson's disease, etc. Fructose is highly reactive and forms glycation products that differ both in structure and reactivity as compared to those formed from glucose. Nearly all tissues of higher organisms utilize fructose but only a few like the ocular lens, peripheral nerves erythrocytes and testis have polyol pathway active for the synthesis of fructose. Fructose levels rarely exceed those of glucose but, in tissues that operate the polyol pathway, its concentration may rise remarkably during diabetes and related disorders. Diet contributes significantly to the body fructose levels however, availability of technologies for the large scale and inexpensive production of fructose, popularity of high fructose syrups as well as the promotion of vegetarianism have resulted in a remarkable increase in the consumption of fructose. In vivo glycation reactions by fructose, therefore, assume remarkable significance. The review, therefore, aims to highlight the uniqueness of glycation reactions with fructose and its role in some pathophysiological situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samreen Amani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University 202002, Aligarh, India
| | - Shamila Fatima
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University 202002, Aligarh, India
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Siddiqui Z, Ishtikhar M, Moinuddin, Ahmad S. d-Ribose induced glycoxidative insult to hemoglobin protein: An approach to spot its structural perturbations. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 112:134-147. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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14
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Islam S, Mir AR, Arfat MY, Khan F, Zaman M, Ali A. Structural and immunological characterization of hydroxyl radical modified human IgG: Clinical correlation in rheumatoid arthritis. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 194:194-201. [PMID: 29351859 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Structural alterations in proteins under oxidative stress have been widely implicated in the immuno-pathology of various disorders. This study has evaluated the extent of damage in the conformational characteristics of IgG by hydroxyl radical (OH) and studied its implications in the immuno-pathology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Using various biophysical and biochemical techniques, changes in aromatic microenvironment of the IgG and the protein aggregation became evident after treatment with OH. The SDS-PAGE study confirmed the protein aggregation while far ultraviolet circular dichroism spectroscopy (Far-UV CD) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) inferred towards the alterations in secondary structure of IgG under OH stress. Dynamic light scattering showed that the modification increased the hydrodynamic radius and polydispersity of IgG. The free arginine and lysine content reduced upon modification. OH induced aggregation was confirmed by enhanced thioflavin-T (ThT) fluorescence and red shift in the congo red (CR) absorbance. The study on experimental animals reiterates the earlier findings of enhanced immunogenicity of OH treated IgG (OH-IgG) compared to that of native IgG. OH-IgG strongly interacted with the antibodies derived from the serum of 80 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. The overwhelming and strong tendency of OH-IgG to bind the antibodies derived from the serum of RA patients points towards the modification of IgG under patho-physiological conditions in RA that generate neo-epitopes and eventually cause the generation of auto antibodies that circulate in the patient sera. Further studies on this aspect may possibly lead to the development of a biomarker for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidra Islam
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawarharlal Nehru Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh 202002, India
| | - Abdul Rouf Mir
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawarharlal Nehru Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh 202002, India
| | - Mir Yasir Arfat
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawarharlal Nehru Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh 202002, India
| | - Farzana Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawarharlal Nehru Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh 202002, India
| | - Masihuz Zaman
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh 202002, India
| | - Asif Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawarharlal Nehru Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh 202002, India
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Wei B, Berning K, Quan C, Zhang YT. Glycation of antibodies: Modification, methods and potential effects on biological functions. MAbs 2017; 9:586-594. [PMID: 28272973 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2017.1300214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycation is an important protein modification that could potentially affect bioactivity and molecular stability, and glycation of therapeutic proteins such as monoclonal antibodies should be well characterized. Glycated protein could undergo further degradation into advance glycation end (AGE) products. Here, we review the root cause of glycation during the manufacturing, storage and in vivo circulation of therapeutic antibodies, and the current analytical methods used to detect and characterize glycation and AGEs, including boronate affinity chromatography, charge-based methods, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and colorimetric assay. The biological effects of therapeutic protein glycation and AGEs, which ranged from no affect to loss of activity, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingchuan Wei
- a Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Kelsey Berning
- a Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Cynthia Quan
- a Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech , South San Francisco , CA , USA
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Islam S, Mir AR, Raghav A, Khan F, Alam K, Ali A, Uddin M. Neo-Epitopes Generated on Hydroxyl Radical Modified GlycatedIgG Have Role in Immunopathology of Diabetes Type 2. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169099. [PMID: 28046123 PMCID: PMC5207762 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycoxidation plays a crucial role in diabetes and its associated complications. Among the glycoxidation agents, methylglyoxal (MG) is known to have very highglycationpotential witha concomitant generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during its synthesis and degradation. The presentstudy probes the MG and ROSinduced structural damage to immunoglobulin G (IgG) and alterations in its immunogenicity in diabetes type 2 patients (T2DM). Human IgG was first glycated with MG followed by hydroxyl radical (OH•) modification. Glycoxidation mediated effects on IgG were evaluated by various physicochemical techniques likeultraviolet (UV) and fluorescence spectroscopy, 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid (ANS) binding studies, carbonyl andfree sulfhydryl groups assay, matrix assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry-time of flight (MALDI-TOF), red blood cell (RBC) haemolysis assay, Congored (CR) staining analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results revealed hyperchromicityin UV, advanced glycation end product (AGE)specific and ANS fluorescence, quenching in tyrosine and tryptophan fluorescence intensity,enhanced carbonyl content,reduction in free sulfhydryl groups,pronounced shift in m/z value of IgGand decrease in antioxidant activity in RBC induced haemolysis assayupon glycoxidation. SEM and CRstaining assay showed highly altered surface morphology in glycoxidised sample as compared to the native. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and band shift assay were performed to assess the changes in immunogenicity of IgG upon glyoxidation and its role in T2DM. The serum antibodies derived from T2DM patients demonstrated strong affinity towards OH• treated MG glycatedIgG (OH•-MG-IgG) when compared to native IgG (N-IgG) or IgGs treated with MG alone (MG-IgG) or OH• alone (OH•-IgG). This study shows the cumulating effect of OH• on the glycation potential of MG. The results point towards the modification of IgG in diabetes patients under the effect of glycoxidative stress, leading to the generation of neo-epitopes on theIgG molecule and rendering it immunogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidra Islam
- Department of Biochemistry, J.N. Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abdul Rouf Mir
- Department of Biotechnology, Government Degree College Baramulla, University of Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Alok Raghav
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Farzana Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, J.N. Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Khursheed Alam
- Department of Biochemistry, J.N. Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Asif Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, J.N. Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Moin Uddin
- Department of Biochemistry, J.N. Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
- * E-mail: ,
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Gugliucci A. Formation of Fructose-Mediated Advanced Glycation End Products and Their Roles in Metabolic and Inflammatory Diseases. Adv Nutr 2017; 8:54-62. [PMID: 28096127 PMCID: PMC5227984 DOI: 10.3945/an.116.013912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fructose is associated with the biochemical alterations that promote the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and type 2 diabetes. Its consumption has increased in parallel with MetS. It is metabolized by the liver, where it stimulates de novo lipogenesis. The triglycerides synthesized lead to hepatic insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. Fructose-derived advanced glycation end products (AGEs) may be involved via the Maillard reaction. Fructose has not been a main focus of glycation research because of the difficulty in measuring its adducts, and, more importantly, because although it is 10 times more reactive than glucose, its plasma concentration is only 1% of that of glucose. In this focused review, I summarize exogenous and endogenous fructose metabolism, fructose glycation, and in vitro, animal, and human data. Fructose is elevated in several tissues of diabetic patients where the polyol pathway is active, reaching the same order of magnitude as glucose. It is plausible that the high reactivity of fructose, directly or via its metabolites, may contribute to the formation of intracellular AGEs and to vascular complications. The evidence, however, is still unconvincing. Two areas that have been overlooked so far and should be actively explored include the following: 1) enteral formation of fructose AGEs, generating an inflammatory response to the receptor for AGEs (which may explain the strong association between fructose consumption and asthma, chronic bronchitis, and arthritis); and 2) inactivation of hepatic AMP-activated protein kinase by a fructose-mediated increase in methylglyoxal flux (perpetuating lipogenesis, fatty liver, and insulin resistance). If proven correct, these mechanisms would put the fructose-mediated Maillard reaction in the limelight again as a contributing factor in chronic inflammatory diseases and MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Gugliucci
- Glycation, Oxidation, and Disease Laboratory, Department of Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Touro University California, Vallejo, CA
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18
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He Z, Tong C, Sheng L, Ma M, Cai Z. Monitoring glycation-induced structural and biofunctional changes in chicken immunoglobulin Y by different monosaccharides. Poult Sci 2016; 95:2715-2723. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Allarakha S, Ahmad P, Ishtikhar M, Zaheer MS, Siddiqi SS, Moinuddin, Ali A. Fructosylation generates neo-epitopes on human serum albumin. IUBMB Life 2015; 67:338-47. [PMID: 25914162 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia is the defining feature of diabetes mellitus. The persistently high levels of reducing sugars like glucose and fructose cause glycation of various macromolecules in the body. Human serum albumin (HSA), the most abundant serum protein with a myriad of functions, is prone to glycation and consequent alteration in its structural and biological properties. This study aimed to assess the role of fructose-modified human serum albumin as a marker of diabetic pathophysiology. We carried out modification of HSA with fructose and the changes induced were studied by various physicochemical studies. Fructose modified-HSA showed hyperchromicity in UV spectrum and increased AGE-specific fluorescence as well as quenching of tryptophan fluorescence. In SDS-PAGE protein aggregation was seen. Amadori products were detected by NBT. The fructose modified HSA had higher content of carbonyls along with perturbations in secondary structure as revealed by CD and FT-IR. A greater hydrodynamic radius of fructose-modified HSA was evident by DLS measurement. The fructose-modified HSA induced high titre antibodies in experimental animals exhibiting high specificity towards the immunogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaziya Allarakha
- Department of Biochemistry, J. N. Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Parvez Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, J. N. Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohd Ishtikhar
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohammad Shoaib Zaheer
- Department of Medicine, J.N. Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sheelu Shafiq Siddiqi
- Rajeev Gandhi Centre for Diabetes and Endocrinology, J.N. Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Moinuddin
- Department of Biochemistry, J. N. Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Asif Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, J. N. Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Ashraf JM, Ahmad S, Rabbani G, Hasan Q, Jan AT, Lee EJ, Khan RH, Alam K, Choi I. 3-Deoxyglucosone: a potential glycating agent accountable for structural alteration in H3 histone protein through generation of different AGEs. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116804. [PMID: 25689368 PMCID: PMC4331494 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are heterogeneous group of compounds, known to be implicated in diabetic complications. One of the consequences of the Maillard reaction is attributed to the production of reactive intermediate products such as α-oxoaldehydes. 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG), an α-oxoaldehyde has been found to be involved in accelerating vascular damage during diabetes. In the present study, calf thymus histone H3 was treated with 3-deoxyglucosone to investigate the generation of AGEs (Nε-carboxymethyllysine, pentosidine), by examining the degree of side chain modifications and formation of different intermediates and employing various physicochemical techniques. The results clearly indicate the formation of AGEs and structural changes upon glycation of H3 by 3-deoxyglucosone, which may hamper the normal functioning of H3 histone, that may compromise the veracity of chromatin structures and function in secondary complications of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saheem Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Gulam Rabbani
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Qambar Hasan
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Arif Tasleem Jan
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ju Lee
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Rizwan Hasan Khan
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Khursheed Alam
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Inho Choi
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
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Ashraf JM, Ahmad S, Rabbani G, Jan AT, Lee EJ, Khan RH, Choi I. Physicochemical analysis of structural alteration and advanced glycation end products generation during glycation of H2A histone by 3-deoxyglucosone. IUBMB Life 2014; 66:686-93. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.1318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Saheem Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology; Integral University; Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Gulam Rabbani
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit; Aligarh Muslim University; Aligarh Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Arif Tasleem Jan
- School of Biotechnology; Yeungnam University; Gyeongsan Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ju Lee
- School of Biotechnology; Yeungnam University; Gyeongsan Republic of Korea
| | - Rizwan Hasan Khan
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit; Aligarh Muslim University; Aligarh Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Inho Choi
- School of Biotechnology; Yeungnam University; Gyeongsan Republic of Korea
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Hmiel LK, Brorson KA, Boyne MT. Post-translational structural modifications of immunoglobulin G and their effect on biological activity. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 407:79-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8108-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Alam S, Arif Z, Alam K. Glycated-H2A histone is better bound by serum anti-DNA autoantibodies in SLE patients: Glycated-histones as likely trigger for SLE? Autoimmunity 2014; 48:19-28. [DOI: 10.3109/08916934.2014.941059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Arfat MY, Ashraf JM, Arif Z, Alam K. Fine characterization of glucosylated human IgG by biochemical and biophysical methods. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 69:408-15. [PMID: 24953604 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.05.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nonenzymatic glycosylation of proteins finally generates advanced glycation end products (AGEs). The Schiff's base and Amadori adduct are stages of early glycation. AGE-modified IgG may undergo conformational alterations and the final entity of the process may be involved in the pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). In this study, glycation of human IgG was carried out with varying concentrations of glucose. Effect of incubation period on glycation of IgG has also been studied. Amadori adduct was detected by nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) dye. The glucose mediated structural alterations in IgG were studied by UV, fluorescence, CD, FT-IR, DLS and DSC spectroscopy, and SDS-PAGE. Glycation-induced aggregation in AGE-IgG was reported in the form of binding of thioflavin T and congo red. Furthermore, AGE-modified IgG exhibited hyperchromicity, decrease of tryptophan fluorescence accompanied by increase in AGE specific fluorescence, loss of β-sheet, appearance of new peak in FT-IR, increase in hydrodynamic size and melting temperature. SDS-PAGE results showed decrease in the band intensity of glycosylated-IgG compared to native IgG. Glycation-induced modifications and aggregation of IgG might be important in the pathogenesis of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mir Yasir Arfat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, UP, India
| | - Jalaluddin M Ashraf
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, UP, India
| | - Zarina Arif
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, UP, India
| | - Khursheed Alam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, UP, India.
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Studies on glycation of human low density lipoprotein: A functional insight into physico-chemical analysis. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 62:167-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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26
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Immunological studies on glycated human IgG. Life Sci 2012; 90:980-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2012.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Revised: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Ahmad S, Moinuddin, Khan RH, Ali A. Physicochemical studies on glycation-induced structural changes in human IgG. IUBMB Life 2012; 64:151-6. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Monitoring nonenzymatic glycation of human immunoglobulin G by methylglyoxal and glyoxal: A spectroscopic study. Anal Biochem 2010; 408:59-63. [PMID: 20816660 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2010.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2010] [Revised: 08/23/2010] [Accepted: 08/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation of dicarbonyl compounds, methylglyoxal (MG) and glyoxal (G), has been observed in diabetic conditions. They are formed from nonoxidative mechanisms in anaerobic glycolysis and lipid peroxidation, and they act as advanced glycation endproduct (AGE) precursors. The objective of this study was to monitor and characterize the AGE formation of human immunoglobulin G (hIgG) by MG and G using ultraviolet (UV) and fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD), and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS). hIgG was incubated over time with MG and G at different concentrations. Formation of AGE was monitored by UV and fluorescence spectroscopy. The effect of AGE formation on secondary structure of hIgG was studied by CD. Comparison of AGE profile for MG and G was performed by MALDI-MS. Both MG and G formed AGE, with MG being nearly twice as reactive as G. The combination of these techniques is a convenient method for evaluating and characterizing the AGE proteins.
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Jairajpuri DS, Fatima S, Saleemuddin M. Complexing of glucose oxidase with anti-glucose oxidase antibodies or the F(ab)'(2)/F(ab)' fragments derived therefrom protects both the enzyme and antibody/antibody fragments against glycation. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2009; 73:1235-41. [PMID: 19120028 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297908110102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Incubation of Aspergillus niger glucose oxidase with glucose, fructose, or ribose results in remarkable inactivation of the enzyme. Glucose oxidase incubated with the sugars migrated as a diffuse band of low intensity and silver stained poorly after SDS-PAGE. Purified anti-glucose oxidase antibodies and F(ab)'(2) or F(ab)' derived therefrom were effective in restricting the inactivation of the enzyme induced by the sugars, providing up to 90% protection. The sugars also caused remarkable changes in the electrophoretic behavior of anti-glucose oxidase antibodies and the fragments, but complexing with glucose oxidase restricted the changes both in the enzyme and the antibody/antibody fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Jairajpuri
- Department of Biochemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
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Abstract
Heterogeneity of monoclonal antibodies is common due to the various modifications introduced over the lifespan of the molecules from the point of synthesis to the point of complete clearance from the subjects. The vast number of modifications presents great challenge to the thorough characterization of the molecules. This article reviews the current knowledge of enzymatic and nonenzymatic modifications of monoclonal antibodies including the common ones such as incomplete disulfide bond formation, glycosylation, N-terminal pyroglutamine cyclization, C-terminal lysine processing, deamidation, isomerization, and oxidation, and less common ones such as modification of the N-terminal amino acids by maleuric acid and amidation of the C-terminal amino acid. In addition, noncovalent associations with other molecules, conformational diversity and aggregation of monoclonal antibodies are also discussed. Through a complete understanding of the heterogeneity of monoclonal antibodies, strategies can be employed to better identify the potential modifications and thoroughly characterize the molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongcheng Liu
- Process Sciences Department, Abbott Bioresearch Center, 100 Research Drive, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA.
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