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Lemańska-Perek A, Krzyżanowska-Gołąb D, Dragan B, Tyszko M, Adamik B. Fibronectin as a Marker of Disease Severity in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091566. [PMID: 35563870 PMCID: PMC9100231 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 virus alters the expression of genes for extracellular matrix proteins, including fibronectin. The aim of the study was to establish the relationship between different forms of fibronectin, such as plasma (pFN), cellular (EDA-FN), and proteolytic FN-fragments, and disease severity and mortality of critically ill patients treated in the intensive care unit. The levels of pFN, EDA-FN, and FN-fragments were measured in patients with a viral (N = 43, COVID-19) or bacterial (N = 41, sepsis) infection, using immunoblotting and ELISA. The level of EDA-FN, but not pFN, was related to the treatment outcome and was significantly higher in COVID-19 Non-survivors than in Survivors. Furthermore, EDA-FN levels correlated with APACHE II and SOFA scores. FN-fragments were detected in 95% of COVID-19 samples and the amount was significantly higher in Non-survivors than in Survivors. Interestingly, FN-fragments were present in only 56% of samples from patients with bacterial sepsis, with no significant differences between Non-survivors and Survivors. The new knowledge gained from our research will help to understand the differences in immune response depending on the etiology of the infection. Fibronectin is a potential biomarker that can be used in clinical settings to monitor the condition of COVID-19 patients and predict treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lemańska-Perek
- Department of Chemistry and Immunochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 48/50, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Dorota Krzyżanowska-Gołąb
- Department of Chemistry and Immunochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 48/50, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Barbara Dragan
- Clinical Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (B.D.); (M.T.); (B.A.)
| | - Maciej Tyszko
- Clinical Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (B.D.); (M.T.); (B.A.)
| | - Barbara Adamik
- Clinical Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (B.D.); (M.T.); (B.A.)
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Zandoná J, Ferreira CF, de Oliveira PG, Ferreira FV, Vasconcelos AO, Wender MCO. Early decrease in lean mass and bone mass in postmenopausal women: a cross-sectional study. Climacteric 2021; 25:96-102. [PMID: 34608839 DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2021.1978970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The effect of menopause transition in body composition was evaluated in a cross-sectional study. METHOD The study was carried out in an outpatient clinic of Brazil enrolling premenopausal (n = 64) and postmenopausal (n = 42) women aged between 44 and 52 years, with weight stability (±2 kg) for at least 6 months before evaluation. Participants answered a sociodemographic semi-structured questionnaire, the Menopause Rating Scale, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, 24-h dietary recall and a visual analogue scale of appetite. Blood biochemical, anthropometry and densitometry measurements were used for body composition estimation. RESULTS Most participants were overweight (31.4%) or obese (45.7%) and categorized as 'high active' in physical activity (65.7%). Lean mass and bone mass decreased in the first few years of menopause. A metabolic turn to an increase of lipids was observed, represented by greater total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Menopause transition did not alter body fat distribution. Total body fat, android fat and gynoid fat were positively related to smoking habit, and android fat was also positively related to waist circumference. CONCLUSION Taken together, early postmenopause can be considered a time window of opportunity for preventing ailments such as atherogenic profile, obesity, increased cardiovascular risk and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zandoná
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Ginecologia e Obstetrícia (PPGGO), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Faculdade de Medicina (FAMED), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brasil.,Grupo de Pesquisa: Climatério e Menopausa, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Faculdade de Medicina (FAMED), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - C F Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Ginecologia e Obstetrícia (PPGGO), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Faculdade de Medicina (FAMED), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brasil.,Grupo de Pesquisa: Climatério e Menopausa, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Faculdade de Medicina (FAMED), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - P G de Oliveira
- Grupo de Pesquisa: Climatério e Menopausa, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Faculdade de Medicina (FAMED), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Ciências Médicas (PPGCM), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Faculdade de Medicina (FAMED), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - F V Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Ginecologia e Obstetrícia (PPGGO), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Faculdade de Medicina (FAMED), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brasil.,Grupo de Pesquisa: Climatério e Menopausa, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Faculdade de Medicina (FAMED), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - A O Vasconcelos
- Departamento de Nutrição, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Faculdade de Medicina (FAMED), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - M C O Wender
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Ginecologia e Obstetrícia (PPGGO), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Faculdade de Medicina (FAMED), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brasil.,Grupo de Pesquisa: Climatério e Menopausa, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Faculdade de Medicina (FAMED), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Ciências Médicas (PPGCM), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Faculdade de Medicina (FAMED), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brasil
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The effects of MS-10 dietary supplement, mixture of Korean thistle and thyme extracts, on bone health, and symptoms in menopausal women. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Zago V, Miksztowicz V, Cacciagiú L, Basilio F, Berg G, Schreier L. High density lipoprotein is an inappropriate substrate for hepatic lipase in postmenopausal women. Clin Chim Acta 2012; 414:142-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2012.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Revised: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Miksztowicz V, Lucero D, Zago V, Cacciagiú L, Lopez G, Gonzalez Ballerga E, Sordá J, Fassio E, Schreier L, Berg G. Hepatic lipase activity is increased in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease beyond insulin resistance. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2012; 28:535-41. [PMID: 22539458 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Hepatic lipase is a lipolytic enzyme mostly synthesized and localized at the surface of liver sinusoidal capillaries, which hydrolyses triglycerides and phospholipids of intermediate density, large low density (LDL) and high density lipoproteins. Hepatic lipase activity is increased in insulin resistant states. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by insulin resistance. However, at present, no data are available regarding the behaviour of hepatic lipase with regard to the degree of hepatic steatosis. Our aim was to evaluate hepatic lipase activity in NAFLD patients and its relationship to the severity of hepatic steatosis. DESIGN AND PATIENTS We studied 48 patients with NAFLD (diagnosed by ultrasonography and confirmed by liver biopsy) and 30 controls. Steatosis was semi-quantitatively assessed and considered as mild or grade 1, moderate or grade 2 and severe or grade 3. MEASUREMENTS hepatic lipase activity, lipid and lipoprotein profile (including intermediate density lipoproteins and dense LDL), adiponectin, insulin, glucose and high sensitivity C-reactive protein were measured. Homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA) index was calculated. RESULTS Patients with hepatic steatosis presented with higher hepatic lipase activity, HOMA and dense LDL and lower levels of adiponectin, high density lipoproteins, cholesterol and apoA-I. Hepatic lipase activity positively correlated significantly with the severity of hepatic steatosis. Hepatic lipase correlated with a more atherogenic profile and persisted higher in patients even after corrected for age, gender, body mass index, HOMA and adiponectin. CONCLUSION The higher hepatic lipase activity in NAFLD patients contributes to a more atherogenic profile linked to increased cardiovascular risk, beyond the insulin resistance and the reduction in adiponectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Miksztowicz
- Laboratory of Lipids and Lipoproteins, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, INFIBIOC, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Abdominal Obesity and Metabolic Alterations in the Menopausal Transition. CURRENT OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY REPORTS 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13669-012-0011-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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HDL-associated enzymes and proteins in hemodialysis patients. Clin Biochem 2011; 45:243-8. [PMID: 22206739 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Revised: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 12/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate HDL-associated proteins and enzymes and their relation with lipoprotein profile and inflammatory markers in chronic renal patients on hemodialysis. DESIGN AND METHODS We studied 53 patients under hemodialysis and 32 healthy subjects as controls. We compared plasma lipids, Apoprotein-AI and hs-CRP, as a marker of chronic inflammation. We evaluated proteins and enzymes associated to HDL, involved in several points of lipoprotein metabolism: CETP, paraoxonase and LpPLA2 activities. Hepatic lipase was measured in postheparin plasma. RESULTS Patients showed higher triglycerides and lower LDL-, HDL- and total-cholesterol than controls (p<0.05). Also, in comparison with controls, Apoprotein-AI, paraoxonase and hepatic lipase were lower, while CETP was higher (p<0.03). LpPLA2 did not show changes between groups. CONCLUSION Beyond plasma lipid-lipoprotein profile, other factors could contribute to induce a pro-oxidative and pro-inflammatory status. The protective role of HDL does not only depend on its concentration, but also on its functionality.
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Muzzio ML, Miksztowicz V, Repetto EM, Brites F, Berg G, Schreier L. Increased MMP-2 in healthy postmenopausal women. Ann Clin Biochem 2011; 49:75-9. [DOI: 10.1258/acb.2011.011041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Matrix metalloproteases 2 (MMP-2) and 9 (MMP-9) are involved in the atherosclerosis process. The objective of the study was to evaluate MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities and other circulating inflammatory factors in healthy postmenopausal women (PMW) as a model of subclinical atherosclerosis. Methods Twenty-three PMW and 13 premenopausal women (PreMW) were selected following established criteria. The main measurements in plasma samples were: lipid–lipoprotein profile, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (immunoturbidimetry), soluble vascular cellular adhesion molecules (sVCAM-1) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and MMP activity by zymography. Results The relative areas of MMP-2 were increased in PMW: 1.1 (0.1) versus 0.6 (0.05), P < 0.02. MMP-9 was only detected in three PMW and one PreMW. MMP-2 correlated with HDL-cholesterol ( r = −0.51), triglycerides ( r = 0.67), apolipoprotein B ( r = 0.47), hs-CRP ( r = 0.42), homeostasis model assessment ( r = 0.53) and waist circumference ( r = 0.40), at least P < 0.02. sVCAM-1 showed no difference between groups: 28.7 (5.5) versus 35.5 (20) ng/mL, but correlated with MMP-2 and hs-CRP ( r = 0.46 and r = 0.48 respectively, P < 0.05). Conclusions In postmenopause, the increase in MMP-2 reflects the systemic specific inflammatory process that accompanies atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Luz Muzzio
- Laboratory of Lipids and Lipoproteins, Physiopathology and Clinical Biochemistry Institute, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Junin 956 (1113), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Veronica Miksztowicz
- Laboratory of Lipids and Lipoproteins, Physiopathology and Clinical Biochemistry Institute, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Junin 956 (1113), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Esteban Martín Repetto
- Laboratory of Lipids and Lipoproteins, Physiopathology and Clinical Biochemistry Institute, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Junin 956 (1113), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando Brites
- Laboratory of Lipids and Lipoproteins, Physiopathology and Clinical Biochemistry Institute, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Junin 956 (1113), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Berg
- Laboratory of Lipids and Lipoproteins, Physiopathology and Clinical Biochemistry Institute, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Junin 956 (1113), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura Schreier
- Laboratory of Lipids and Lipoproteins, Physiopathology and Clinical Biochemistry Institute, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Junin 956 (1113), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Berg G, Miksztowicz V, Schreier L. Metalloproteinases in metabolic syndrome. Clin Chim Acta 2011; 412:1731-9. [PMID: 21703252 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2011.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Revised: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 06/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Experimental and clinical evidence supports the concept that metalloproteinases (MMPs), beyond different physiologic functions, also play a role in the development and rupture of the atherosclerotic plaque. Interest in MMPs has been rapidly increasing during the last years, especially as they have been proposed as biomarkers of vulnerable plaques. Different components of the metabolic syndrome (MS) have been identified as possible stimulus for the synthesis and activity of MMPs, like pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant state, hyperglycemia, hypertension and dyslipidemia. On the other hand, anti-inflammatory cytokines like adiponectin are inversely associated with MMPs. Among the several MMPs studied, collagenases (MMP-1 and MMP-8) and gelatinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) are the most associated with MS. Our aim was to summarize and discuss the relation between different components of the MS on MMPs, as well as the effect of the cluster of the metabolic alterations itself. It also highlights the necessity of further studies, in both animals and humans, to elucidate the function of novel MMPs identified, as well as the role of the known enzymes in different steps of metabolic diseases. Understanding the mechanisms of MS impact on MMPs and vice versa is an interesting area of research that will positively enhance our understanding of the complexity of MS and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Berg
- Lipids and Lipoproteins Laboratory. Department of Clinical Biochemistry, INFIBIOC, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Corcoran MP, Meydani M, Lichtenstein AH, Schaefer EJ, Dillard A, Lamon-Fava S. Sex hormone modulation of proinflammatory cytokine and C-reactive protein expression in macrophages from older men and postmenopausal women. J Endocrinol 2010; 206:217-24. [PMID: 20484148 PMCID: PMC2954460 DOI: 10.1677/joe-10-0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation plays a central role in the development and progression of coronary heart disease (CHD). The sex hormones estrogen and testosterone have been shown to modify the inflammatory response by influencing cytokine expression in human macrophages obtained from younger individuals. The effect of these hormones on the expression of proinflammatory markers in macrophages obtained from a CHD age-relevant population has not been studied. Human monocyte-derived macrophages (HMDMs) were obtained from healthy normolipidemic men and postmenopausal women (age 50-70 years), and cultured in autologous serum along with both physiological and supraphysiological concentrations of estrogen or testosterone. HMDMs were stimulated with oxidized low-density lipoproteins, and the expression of the cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha or TNF), interleukin (IL)6, and IL-1 beta (IL1B) and of the acute-phase protein C-reactive protein (CRP) was measured. Both physiological and supraphysiological concentrations of testosterone reduced the expression and secretion of TNF-alpha and reduced the expression of IL-1 beta, but did not affect the expression of IL6 or CRP. Estrogen did not modify the expression of TNF-alpha, IL6, and IL-1 beta. Estrogen caused a variable response in CRP expression that was positively associated with the plasma small dense LDL-cholesterol concentration of the donors. There were no gender differences in any of the observed effects. Our results indicate that testosterone may exert anti-inflammatory effects by reducing macrophage TNF-alpha expression, while the effects of estrogen on macrophage CRP expression may depend upon the extracellular lipid environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P. Corcoran
- Lipid Metabolism Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston. MA 02111
| | - Mohsen Meydani
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston. MA 02111
| | - Alice H. Lichtenstein
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston. MA 02111
| | - Ernst J. Schaefer
- Lipid Metabolism Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston. MA 02111
| | - Alice Dillard
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston. MA 02111
| | - Stefania Lamon-Fava
- Lipid Metabolism Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston. MA 02111
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Vekic J, Zeljkovic A, Jelic-Ivanovic Z, Spasojevic-Kalimanovska V, Bogavac-Stanojevic N, Memon L, Spasic S. Small, dense LDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein B: Relationship with serum lipids and LDL size. Atherosclerosis 2009; 207:496-501. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2009] [Revised: 06/24/2009] [Accepted: 06/30/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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O’Connor MF, Bower JE, Cho HJ, Creswell JD, Dimitrov S, Hamby ME, Hoyt MA, Martin JL, Robles TF, Sloan EK, Thomas KS, Irwin MR. To assess, to control, to exclude: effects of biobehavioral factors on circulating inflammatory markers. Brain Behav Immun 2009; 23:887-97. [PMID: 19389469 PMCID: PMC2749909 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2009.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 390] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2009] [Revised: 04/14/2009] [Accepted: 04/14/2009] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Behavioral scientists have increasingly included inflammatory biology as mechanisms in their investigation of psychosocial dynamics on the pathobiology of disease. However, a lack of standardization of inclusion and exclusion criteria and assessment of relevant control variables impacts the interpretation of these studies. The present paper reviews and discusses human biobehavioral factors that can affect the measurement of circulating markers of inflammation. Keywords relevant to inflammatory biology and biobehavioral factors were searched through PubMed. Age, sex, and hormonal status, socioeconomic status, ethnicity and race, body mass index, exercise, diet, caffeine, smoking, alcohol, sleep disruption, antidepressants, aspirin, and medications for cardiovascular disease are all reviewed. A tiered set of recommendations as to whether each variable should be assessed, controlled for, or used as an exclusion criteria is provided. These recommendations provide a framework for observational and intervention studies investigating linkages between psychosocial and behavioral factors and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary-Frances O’Connor
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA)
| | - Julie E. Bower
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Department of Psychology, UCLA
| | - Hyong Jin Cho
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA)
| | | | - Stoyan Dimitrov
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA)
| | - Mary E. Hamby
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA)
| | | | - Jennifer L. Martin
- Department of Medicine, UCLA and Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Geriatrics Research, Education and Clinical Center
| | | | - Erica K. Sloan
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA)
| | - KaMala S. Thomas
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA)
| | - Michael R. Irwin
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA)
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Impact of age and menopausal status on the postprandial triacylglycerol response in healthy women. Atherosclerosis 2009; 208:246-52. [PMID: 19640535 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2009] [Revised: 06/02/2009] [Accepted: 06/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the impact of age and the natural menopause on the postprandial triacylglycerol (TAG) response in healthy women. METHODS AND RESULTS Thirty-seven premenopausal and sixty-one postmenopausal women underwent a sequential meal postprandial investigation, in which blood samples were taken at regular intervals after a test breakfast and lunch given at 0 and 330 min respectively. Lipids and glucose were measured in the fasting sample, with TAG analysed in the postprandial samples. Postmenopausal women were shown to have higher fasting total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and glucose (P<0.02). Marked differences in the postprandial TAG response were evident between the groups, with a greater incremental area under the curve (IAUC) and maximum TAG concentration in the postmenopausal women (P<0.04). Multivariate regression analysis revealed both age and fasting TAG to be independently associated with the summary measures of the postprandial TAG response in the premenopausal women only. Interestingly, sub-division of the women into both younger and older pre- and postmenopausal subgroups, showed the most marked difference in TAG-IAUC to be between the younger and the older premenopausal women, whereas differences in fasting LDL-C were most evident between the older premenopausal and the younger postmenopausal women. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest a divergence in the relationship of age and menopausal status with fasting LDL-C and postprandial TAG which may reflect differences in the metabolic effects of age and the menopause on these lipid risk markers or a greater impact of early oestrogen decline on pathways of TAG rather than LDL metabolism.
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Rizzo M, Rizvi AA, Rini GB, Berneis K. The therapeutic modulation of atherogenic dyslipidemia and inflammatory markers in the metabolic syndrome: what is the clinical relevance? Acta Diabetol 2009; 46:1-11. [PMID: 18925358 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-008-0057-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2008] [Accepted: 09/03/2008] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome consists of a constellation of clinical and biochemical risk factors that cluster together and heighten the risk for atherogenesis, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes. Established risk cardiovascular factors like hypertension, atherogenic dyslipidaemia, and glucose intolerance occur in the setting of insulin resistance and central adiposity, with genetic and environmental influences modulating the ultimate risk. Chronic insults to the endothelium take its toll in the form of silent as well as clinically evident cardiovascular events. The cellular and vascular accompaniments have shed some light into the underlying pathophysiology. Heightened, low-grade inflammatory processes as well as a continuum of vascular insults ranging from early endothelial derangements to advanced atherosclerosis have been examined. In recent years there has been an explosion of basic and clinical knowledge related to the metabolic syndrome. Although dyslipidaemia is considered a traditional risk component for the syndrome, its qualitative aspects, genetically determined subfractions, and variation in proatherogenic tendency have generated renewed interest and debate. New targets within the dyslipidaemic spectrum that have differing clinical relevance are being evaluated. The effect of heredity, lifestyle changes, pharmacotherapeutic agents, and supplements is being investigated. Further research into the impact of dyslipidemia and inflammation as both pathophysiologic risk factors and objects for targeted therapy in the metabolic syndrome should deepen our understanding and unravel answers to the underlying dynamics in this global epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfredi Rizzo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Emerging Diseases, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Metalloproteases 2 and 9, Lp-PLA2 and Lipoprotein Profile in Coronary Patients. Arch Med Res 2009; 40:48-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2008.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2008] [Accepted: 10/13/2008] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Alber HF, Wanitschek MM, de Waha S, Ladurner A, Suessenbacher A, Dörler J, Dichtl W, Frick M, Ulmer H, Pachinger O, Weidinger F. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, C-reactive protein, and prevalence and severity of coronary artery disease in 5641 consecutive patients undergoing coronary angiography. Eur J Clin Invest 2008; 38:372-80. [PMID: 18489399 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2008.01954.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and C-reactive protein (CRP) are well-established predictors for future cardiovascular events, little information is available regarding their correlation with the prevalence and severity of angiographically evaluated coronary artery disease (CAD). MATERIAL AND METHODS Five thousand six hundred forty-one consecutive patients undergoing coronary angiography for the evaluation of CAD were analysed. Cardiovascular risk factors were assessed by routine blood chemistry and questionnaire. CAD severity was graded by visual estimation of lumen diameter stenosis with significant stenoses defined as lumen diameter reduction of >or= 70%. Coronary angiograms were graded as one-, two- or three-vessel disease, as nonsignificant CAD (lumen irregularities < 70%) or non-CAD. RESULTS HDL-C (60.3 +/- 18.5 vs. 51.9 +/- 15.3 mg dL(-1); P < 0.001) was higher and CRP was lower (0.65 +/- 1.68 vs. 1.02 +/- 2.38 mg dL(-1); P < 0.001) in non-CAD (n = 1517) compared to overall CAD patients (n = 4124). CAD patients were older (65.2 +/- 10.5 years vs. 59.9 +/- 11.4 years), more often diabetics (19.2% vs. 10.6%) and hypertensives (79.2% vs. 66.0%) and included more smokers (18.8% vs. 16.5%) (all P < 0.005). Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (124.5 +/- 38.3 vs. 126.0 +/- 36.3 mg dL(-1); P = NS) was similar in overall CAD and non-CAD patients with more statin users (43.4% vs. 27.9%; P < 0.001) among CAD patients. Comparing non-CAD with different CAD severities using analysis of variance, results did not change substantially. In a multivariate analysis, HDL-C and CRP remained independently associated with the prevalence of CAD. In addition, HDL-C is also a potent predictor for the severity of CAD. CONCLUSIONS In this large consecutive patient cohort, HDL-C and CRP are independently associated with the prevalence of CAD. In this analysis, HDL-C is an even stronger predictor for CAD than some other major classical risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- H F Alber
- Division of Cardiology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Shoji T, Hatsuda S, Tsuchikura S, Shinohara K, Kimoto E, Koyama H, Emoto M, Nishizawa Y. Small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration and carotid atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2008; 202:582-8. [PMID: 18492490 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2008] [Revised: 04/24/2008] [Accepted: 04/24/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and the small dense LDL (SdLDL) phenotype are both predictors for ischemic heart disease. We examined whether cholesterol of SdLDL (SdLDL-C) is more closely associated with carotid artery intima-media thickness (CA-IMT), a surrogate measure of atherosclerosis, than LDL-C and other lipid parameters. The subjects were 326 consecutive participants including those with dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and smokers. SdLDL-C was quantified by a newly developed precipitation method, and CA-IMT by high-resolution B-mode ultrasound. In univariate analysis, CA-IMT was most strongly correlated with SdLDL-C (Spearman's r=0.441, P<0.001), followed by apolipoprotein (apo) B, LDL-C, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (Non-HDL-C), and plasma triglycerides (TG). HDL-C and apo A-I correlated inversely with CA-IMT. Non-lipid variables that were associated with CA-IMT were age, sex, presence of diabetes mellitus, presence of hypertension, estimate glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and C-reactive protein (CRP). Even after adjustment for age, sex, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, smoking, eGFR and CRP, the positive association of CA-IMT with SdLDL-C remained significant, and again stronger than the associations with others lipid parameters. Further analyses revealed that the level of SdLDL-C was elevated in subgroups of the subjects including men, older subjects, smokers, those with higher CRP levels, those with diabetes mellitus, and hypertensive patients. These results indicate that SdLDL-C was the best marker of carotid atherosclerosis among the lipid parameters tested, and suggest that quantitative measurement of SdLDL-C gives useful information in the risk assessment for atherosclerotic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Shoji
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
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