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Cao J, Wang M, Han Y, Wang M, Yan H. Hydrophilic molecularly imprinted resin-hexagonal boron nitride composite as a new adsorbent for selective extraction and determination of a carcinoid tumor biomarker in urine. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1294:342289. [PMID: 38336412 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The detection of disease biomarkers in biological samples plays an important role in early diagnosis and treatment of carcinoid tumor. However, due to the complexity of biological samples and the extremely low concentration of disease biomarkers, sample pretreatment is still the bottleneck of achieving accurate quantitative determination. In this work, new hydrophilic molecularly imprinted resin-hexagonal boron nitride (HMIR-h-BN) composites were developed and used as a new solid phase extraction (SPE) adsorbent for selective detection of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), a biomarker of carcinoid tumor, in urine. RESULTS Twenty-two types of HMIR-h-BN were successfully synthesized through growing hydrophilic molecularly imprinted resin on surface of activated two-dimensional h-BN nanosheets, and preparation parameters affecting the adsorption performance of HMIR-h-BN were investigated and optimized through adsorption experiments. HMIR-h-BN #19 (the ratio of resorcinol to hexamethylenetetramine: 6:3; the dosage of h-BN: 300 mg; the dosage of dummy template: 0.12 mmol; the imprinting time: 4 h) has demonstrated to be the optimal material for efficient separation and extraction of 5-HIAA. Combined with HPLC-UV, the limit of detection and the limit of quantification of 5-HIAA in real urine samples were 9.4 ng mL-1 and 31.3 ng mL-1, respectively, the coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.9996 in the linear range of 0.1-300 μg mL-1 and the relative recoveries ranged from 86.9 % to 97.7 % with RSD ≤5.1 %. Moreover, after being processed by HMIR-h-BN-SPE, there are no interferences from other peaks at the peak position of 5-HIAA. SIGNIFICANCE The HMIR-h-BN composite has been demonstrated to be capable of selective extraction of 5-HIAA from urine samples and have a significant purification effect. Based on the established HMIR-h-BN-SPE-HPLC-UV method, accurate quantitative determination of 5-HIAA in urine samples was achieved, which is expected to be applied in the early diagnostic of carcinoid tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiankun Cao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, School of Life Science, College of Public Health, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China; State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Mingwei Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, School of Life Science, College of Public Health, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Yehong Han
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, School of Life Science, College of Public Health, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Mingyu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
| | - Hongyuan Yan
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, School of Life Science, College of Public Health, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China; State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
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Zou K, Li Q, Li D, Jiao Y, Wang L, Li L, Wang J, Li Y, Gao R, Li F, He E, Ye T, Tang W, Song J, Lu J, Li X, Zhang H, Cao X, Zhang Y. A Highly Selective Implantable Electrochemical Fiber Sensor for Real-Time Monitoring of Blood Homovanillic Acid. ACS NANO 2024; 18:7485-7495. [PMID: 38415599 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c11641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Homovanillic acid (HVA) is a major dopamine metabolite, and blood HVA is considered as central nervous system (CNS) dopamine biomarker, which reflects the progression of dopamine-associated CNS diseases and the behavioral response to therapeutic drugs. However, facing blood various active substances interference, particularly structurally similar catecholamines and their metabolites, real-time and accurate monitoring of blood HVA remains a challenge. Herein, a highly selective implantable electrochemical fiber sensor based on a molecularly imprinted polymer is reported to accurately monitor HVA in vivo. The sensor exhibits high selectivity, with a response intensity to HVA 12.6 times greater than that of catecholamines and their metabolites, achieving 97.8% accuracy in vivo. The sensor injected into the rat caudal vein tracked the real-time changes of blood HVA, which paralleled the brain dopamine fluctuations and indicated the behavioral response to dopamine increase. This study provides a universal design strategy for improving the selectivity of implantable electrochemical sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuangyi Zou
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qianming Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yiding Jiao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lie Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Luhe Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jiacheng Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yiran Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Rui Gao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Fangyan Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Er He
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tingting Ye
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wentao Tang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jie Song
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jiang Lu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xusong Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hanting Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xinyin Cao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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Hassanpour-Sabet R, Seyfinejad B, Marzi Khosrowshahi E, Nemati M, Afshar Mogaddam MR, Jouyban A. UiO-66-based metal-organic framework for dispersive solid-phase extraction of vanillylmandelic acid from urine before analysis by capillary electrophoresis. RSC Adv 2022; 12:28728-28737. [PMID: 36320520 PMCID: PMC9549476 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02916b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dispersive solid-phase extraction (DSPE) was developed for the extraction of vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) in urine samples prior to capillary electrophoresis with diode array detection (CE-DAD). Extraction of VMA by DSPE was carried out by direct addition of 7.5 mg of synthesized amino-functionalized UiO-66 (Zr) metal-organic framework adsorbent into the 5 mL sample solution (pH 4.0), followed by sonication and centrifugation. The supernatant layer was discarded, then the sedimented adsorbent was eluted using borate buffer (75 mM, pH 10). Effective extraction parameters including the amount of adsorbent, sample pH, adsorption and desorption time, type, volume and pH of eluent, and type of adsorbent dispersion method were systematically investigated. Under the optimized conditions, linearity of the method was from 40 to 2000 μg L-1 with a correlation coefficient over 0.9948. The method detection and quantification limits were 12 and 40 μg L-1, respectively. The relative standard deviations for intra-and inter-day precision were 2.4 and 2.8% (n = 5), respectively. The extraction recovery and enrichment factor values were 90% and 9.0 respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roghayeh Hassanpour-Sabet
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran+98 41 31773333+98 41 33372250
| | - Behruoz Seyfinejad
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Elnaz Marzi Khosrowshahi
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran+98 41 31773333+98 41 33372250
| | - Mahboob Nemati
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran+98 41 31773333+98 41 33372250
| | - Mohammad Reza Afshar Mogaddam
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran+98 41 31773333+98 41 33372250,Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Abolghasem Jouyban
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran,Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East UniversityPO BOX: 99138 NicosiaMersin 10North CyprusTurkey
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Quantification of 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid in Urine by Ultra-performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2546:195-204. [PMID: 36127590 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2565-1_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) is a neurotransmitter produced in excess by carcinoid tumors, which develop from enterochromaffin cells. 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) is the primary urinary metabolite of serotonin, making measurement of 5-HIAA useful in the diagnosis and management of carcinoid tumors. Here we describe a simple, inexpensive, and fast method for the detection and quantification of 5-HIAA in urine. Samples are prepared by simple 1:1 dilution. The instrumental analysis is performed by chromatographic separation on a reverse-phase analytical column followed by detection using a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer with electrospray ionization in positive ion mode. Data are acquired by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM).
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Salvadori K, Páleš JM, Shishkanova TV, Trchová M, Fajgar R, Matějka P, Cuřínová P. An Electrochemical Sensor for Detection of Neuroblastoma Markers: Complexation Studies as a Tool for the Selection of a Suitable Receptor for Electrode Coating. Chempluschem 2022; 87:e202200165. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202200165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karolína Salvadori
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals Czech Academy of Sciences: Ustav chemickych procesu Akademie Ved Ceske Republiky analytical chemistry Rozvojová 135 16502 Prague CZECH REPUBLIC
| | - Jakub Marián Páleš
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals Czech Academy of Sciences: Ustav chemickych procesu Akademie Ved Ceske Republiky analytical chemistry Rozvojová 135 16502 Prague CZECH REPUBLIC
| | - Tatiana V. Shishkanova
- University of Chemistry and Technology Prague: Vysoka skola chemicko-technologicka v Praze analytical chemistry Technická 5 16628 Prague CZECH REPUBLIC
| | - Miroslava Trchová
- University of Chemistry and Technology Prague: Vysoka skola chemicko-technologicka v Praze analytical chemistry Technická 5 16628 Prague CZECH REPUBLIC
| | - Radek Fajgar
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals Czech Academy of Sciences: Ustav chemickych procesu Akademie Ved Ceske Republiky analytical chemistry Rozvojová 135 16502 Prague CZECH REPUBLIC
| | - Pavel Matějka
- University of Chemistry and Technology Prague: Vysoka skola chemicko-technologicka v Praze physical chemistry Technická 5 16628 Prague CZECH REPUBLIC
| | - Petra Cuřínová
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals Czech Academy of Sciences: Ustav chemickych procesu Akademie Ved Ceske Republiky analytical chemistry Rozvojová 135 16502 Praha CZECH REPUBLIC
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Shen Y, Luo X, Guan Q, Cheng L. Development, validation and standardization of urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid determination by LC-MS/MS for implementation in quality-controlled environments. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1203:123315. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Patel K, Phipps WS, Luu HS, Rakheja D. Laboratory testing in pediatric cancer patients. Cancer Biomark 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-824302-2.00010-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Moncer F, Adhoum N, Catak D, Monser L. Electrochemical sensor based on MIP for highly sensitive detection of 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid carcinoid cancer biomarker in human biological fluids. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1181:338925. [PMID: 34556226 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
An electrochemically synthetized nano-sensor based on molecularly imprinted polypyrrole (MIPPy) was successfully developed for the detection of 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA) in human biological fluids namely serum, urine, and plasma. The imprinted glassy carbon electrode was prepared by electropolymerisation of pyrrole via cyclic voltammetry (C.V). After completely leaching the imprinted molecules from the polymeric network, complementary cavities are created. The developed MIPPy sensor, under optimized conditions, shows a high sensitivity towards the target molecule (LOQ = 5 × 10-11 M). Moreover, it presents a wide linear response in the range of 5 × 10-11 - 5 × 10-5 M (R2 > 0.999) with a detection limit of 15 × 10-12 M. In order to evaluate the selectivity of the MIPPy film, several structural analogues and compounds forming the real matrices were tested. The obtained results show an excellent recovery rate (between 98.86 and 101.52%) proving the promising application of the proposed nano-sensor in the detection of 5-HIAA in human biological fluids without any significant interference recorded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Moncer
- EcoChimie Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, Carthage University, Tunisia; Laboratory of Electrochemistry, Materials, and Environment, UR16ES02, Preparatory School for Engineering Studies, Kairouan University, Tunisia.
| | - Nafaâ Adhoum
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry, Materials, and Environment, UR16ES02, Preparatory School for Engineering Studies, Kairouan University, Tunisia
| | - Darmin Catak
- National Centre for Nano Fabrication and Characterization, DTU Nanolab, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Lotfi Monser
- EcoChimie Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, Carthage University, Tunisia; Laboratory of Electrochemistry, Materials, and Environment, UR16ES02, Preparatory School for Engineering Studies, Kairouan University, Tunisia.
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Hu D, Cui Y, Zhang J. Nervonic Acid Ameliorates Motor Disorder in Mice with Parkinson’s Disease. NEUROCHEM J+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712421030065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Njoku K, Campbell AE, Geary B, MacKintosh ML, Derbyshire AE, Kitson SJ, Sivalingam VN, Pierce A, Whetton AD, Crosbie EJ. Metabolomic Biomarkers for the Detection of Obesity-Driven Endometrial Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040718. [PMID: 33578729 PMCID: PMC7916512 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Endometrial cancer is the commonest cancer of the female genital tract and obesity is its main modifiable risk factor. Over 80% of endometrial cancers develop in the context of obesity-induced metabolic changes. This study focuses on the potential of plasma-based metabolites to enable the early detection of endometrial cancer in a cohort of women with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2. Specific lipid metabolites including phospholipids and sphingolipids (sphingomyelins) demonstrated good accuracy for the detection of endometrial cancer, especially when combined in a diagnostic model. This study advances our knowledge of the role of metabolomics in endometrial cancer and provides a basis for the minimally invasive screening of women with elevated BMI. Abstract Endometrial cancer is the most common malignancy of the female genital tract and a major cause of morbidity and mortality in women. Early detection is key to ensuring good outcomes but a lack of minimally invasive screening tools is a significant barrier. Most endometrial cancers are obesity-driven and develop in the context of severe metabolomic dysfunction. Blood-derived metabolites may therefore provide clinically relevant biomarkers for endometrial cancer detection. In this study, we analysed plasma samples of women with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2 and endometrioid endometrial cancer (cases, n = 67) or histologically normal endometrium (controls, n = 69), using a mass spectrometry-based metabolomics approach. Eighty percent of the samples were randomly selected to serve as a training set and the remaining 20% were used to qualify test performance. Robust predictive models (AUC > 0.9) for endometrial cancer detection based on artificial intelligence algorithms were developed and validated. Phospholipids were of significance as biomarkers of endometrial cancer, with sphingolipids (sphingomyelins) discriminatory in post-menopausal women. An algorithm combining the top ten performing metabolites showed 92.6% prediction accuracy (AUC of 0.95) for endometrial cancer detection. These results suggest that a simple blood test could enable the early detection of endometrial cancer and provide the basis for a minimally invasive screening tool for women with a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelechi Njoku
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, 5th Floor Research, St Mary’s Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WL, UK; (K.N.); (M.L.M.); (A.E.D.); (S.J.K.); (V.N.S.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
- Stoller Biomarker Discovery Centre, Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (A.E.C.); (B.G.)
| | - Amy E. Campbell
- Stoller Biomarker Discovery Centre, Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (A.E.C.); (B.G.)
| | - Bethany Geary
- Stoller Biomarker Discovery Centre, Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (A.E.C.); (B.G.)
| | - Michelle L. MacKintosh
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, 5th Floor Research, St Mary’s Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WL, UK; (K.N.); (M.L.M.); (A.E.D.); (S.J.K.); (V.N.S.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Abigail E. Derbyshire
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, 5th Floor Research, St Mary’s Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WL, UK; (K.N.); (M.L.M.); (A.E.D.); (S.J.K.); (V.N.S.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Sarah J. Kitson
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, 5th Floor Research, St Mary’s Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WL, UK; (K.N.); (M.L.M.); (A.E.D.); (S.J.K.); (V.N.S.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Vanitha N. Sivalingam
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, 5th Floor Research, St Mary’s Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WL, UK; (K.N.); (M.L.M.); (A.E.D.); (S.J.K.); (V.N.S.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Andrew Pierce
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Palatine Road, Manchester M20 3LJ, UK;
| | - Anthony D. Whetton
- Stoller Biomarker Discovery Centre, Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (A.E.C.); (B.G.)
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Palatine Road, Manchester M20 3LJ, UK;
- Correspondence: (A.D.W.); (E.J.C.); Tel.: +44-161-275-0038 (A.D.W.); +44-161-701-6942 (E.J.C.)
| | - Emma J. Crosbie
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, 5th Floor Research, St Mary’s Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WL, UK; (K.N.); (M.L.M.); (A.E.D.); (S.J.K.); (V.N.S.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
- Correspondence: (A.D.W.); (E.J.C.); Tel.: +44-161-275-0038 (A.D.W.); +44-161-701-6942 (E.J.C.)
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Hu D, Cui Y, Zhang J. Nervonic acid amends motor disorder in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Transl Neurosci 2021; 12:237-246. [PMID: 34055392 PMCID: PMC8149914 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2020-0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Parkinson's disease (PD) is a kind of common neurodegenerative disease in the world. Previous studies have proved that nervonic acid (NA), extracted from Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge, has the potentials of neuroprotection. However, the effect of NA on the PD remained unknown. This study was designed to investigate the NA's potential function and relative mechanism on motor disorder. METHODS 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) was used for producing parkinsonism motor disorder on male C57BL/6 mice. Toxicity experiments and behavioral assay were performed to evaluate the effect of NA. Besides, the expression levels of tyrosine hydroxylase and α-synuclein, as well as striatal dopamine (DA), serotonin, and their metabolites were explored through immunoblotting and chromatography after NA treatment in vivo. RESULTS We found that NA could alleviate the MPTP-induced behavioral deficits dose-dependently. Moreover, NA has no toxic effects on the mouse liver and kidney. Of note, we found that NA significantly reduced the impact of MPTP impairment and striatal DA, serotonin, and metabolites were remained unaffected. In addition, tyrosine hydroxylase was upregulated while α-synuclein being downregulated and the oxidative stress was partially repressed evidenced by the upregulation of superoxide dismutase and glutathione activity after NA treatment. CONCLUSION Our findings unveil NA's potential for protecting motor system against motor disorder in the PD mouse model without any side effects, indicating NA as an alternative strategy for PD symptom remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandong Hu
- School of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Yanqing District Food and Drug Safety Monitoring Center, Beijing Yanqing Center for Diseases Prevention and Control, Beijing, 102100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yujuan Cui
- School of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Yanqing District Food and Drug Safety Monitoring Center, Beijing Yanqing Center for Diseases Prevention and Control, Beijing, 102100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ji Zhang
- School of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, People’s Republic of China
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Němečková-Makrlíková A, Barek J, Navrátil T, Fischer J, Vyskočil V, Dejmková H. Simultaneous determination of tumour biomarkers homovanillic acid, vanillylmandelic acid, and 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid in human urine using single run HPLC with a simple wall-jet glassy carbon electrochemical detector. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Xiong X, Zhang Y. A new approach for urinary vanillylmandelic acid determination using eVol microextraction by packed sorbent coupled to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Anal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s40543-020-00226-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractVanillylmandelic acid (VMA) is one of the most important catecholamine metabolites, and it is usually used to aid in diagnosis of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma. A new digital control microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS) procedure coupled to liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method has been developed to determine VMA in human urine. We evaluated important parameters influencing MEPS efficiency, including stationary phase, extracting cycles, and sample dilution. In optimized MEPS conditions, Only 10 μL of sample volume and 3 min preparation time for one sample were needed. Chromatographic separation was achieved with a hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) column using gradient elution. VMA was detected using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) with an electrospray source operating in negative ion mode. The method was validated for linearity, limit of quantification, accuracy, imprecision, matrix effect, and interference. Linearity was 0.5–100 μg/mL for VMA. Intra-assay, inter-assay, and total imprecision were less than 9.6%. Interferences precluding quantitation of VMA in dilute-and-shoot approach were reduced significantly using a MEPS approach. Method comparison of LC-MS/MS and homogeneous enzyme immunoassay was performed, and the reference interval was established. The developed MEPS-LC-MS/MS method certainly contributes to method robustness and makes it suitable for measurement of urinary VMA in routine clinical biochemistry laboratories.
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Amante E, Salomone A, Alladio E, Vincenti M, Porpiglia F, Bro R. Untargeted Metabolomic Profile for the Detection of Prostate Carcinoma-Preliminary Results from PARAFAC2 and PLS-DA Models. Molecules 2019; 24:E3063. [PMID: 31443574 PMCID: PMC6749415 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24173063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is the main biomarker for the screening of prostate cancer (PCa), which has a high sensibility (higher than 80%) that is negatively offset by its poor specificity (only 30%, with the European cut-off of 4 ng/mL). This generates a large number of useless biopsies, involving both risks for the patients and costs for the national healthcare systems. Consequently, efforts were recently made to discover new biomarkers useful for PCa screening, including our proposal of interpreting a multi-parametric urinary steroidal profile with multivariate statistics. This approach has been expanded to investigate new alleged biomarkers by the application of untargeted urinary metabolomics. Urine samples from 91 patients (43 affected by PCa; 48 by benign hyperplasia) were deconjugated, extracted in both basic and acidic conditions, derivatized with different reagents, and analyzed with different gas chromatographic columns. Three-dimensional data were obtained from full-scan electron impact mass spectra. The PARADISe software, coupled with NIST libraries, was employed for the computation of PARAFAC2 models, the extraction of the significative components (alleged biomarkers), and the generation of a semiquantitative dataset. After variables selection, a partial least squares-discriminant analysis classification model was built, yielding promising performances. The selected biomarkers need further validation, possibly involving, yet again, a targeted approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Amante
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
- Centro Regionale Antidoping e di Tossicologia "A. Bertinaria", Regione Gonzole 10/1, 10043 Orbassano, Italy
| | - Alberto Salomone
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
- Centro Regionale Antidoping e di Tossicologia "A. Bertinaria", Regione Gonzole 10/1, 10043 Orbassano, Italy
| | - Eugenio Alladio
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
- Centro Regionale Antidoping e di Tossicologia "A. Bertinaria", Regione Gonzole 10/1, 10043 Orbassano, Italy
| | - Marco Vincenti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy.
- Centro Regionale Antidoping e di Tossicologia "A. Bertinaria", Regione Gonzole 10/1, 10043 Orbassano, Italy.
| | - Francesco Porpiglia
- Division of Urology, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital and University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Italy
| | - Rasmus Bro
- Department of food science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, 1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Grouzmann E, Centeno C, Eugster PJ. Quantification of vanillylmandelic acid, homovanillic acid and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in urine using a dilute-and-shoot and ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method. Clin Chem Lab Med 2019; 56:1533-1541. [PMID: 29708876 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2017-1120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urinary vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) and homovanillic acid (HVA) are biomarkers for the diagnosis and follow-up of neuroblastoma, whereas urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) is used to assess a carcinoid tumor. These analytes are conventionally analyzed in a single run by chromatography (LC) coupled with electrochemical detection (LC-ECD) using commercial kits. A rapid dilute-and-shoot LC tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay was validated in order to replace the LC-ECD method and therefore improve analytical specificity and throughput. METHODS Sample preparation was carried out by dilution of the urine sample with a solution containing the deuterated internal standards. The separation was achieved on an ultra-high pressure LC system with MS detection using a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. The method was validated according to the current EMA and FDA guidelines. RESULTS The full chromatographic run was achieved in 8 min. The method validation showed excellent linearity (r2>0.999 for all three analytes), precision (CV <15%), negligible matrix effect (recoveries >90%), low carryover (<1%) and LLOQ of 0.25, 0.4 and 0.4 μM for VMA, HVA and 5-HIAA, respectively. Deming fits and Bland-Altman analyses showed no significant differences between the values obtained between the two assays. CONCLUSIONS The LC-MS/MS method proposed in this study is fast and robust, and the simple sample preparation saves time and avoids the additional costs of dedicated kits used for the LC-ECD assays by switching to LC-MS/MS. Additionally, the near-perfect correlation observed herein between both assays allows the previously established reference ranges to be maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Grouzmann
- Laboratoire des Catecholamines et Peptides, Service de Pharmacologie Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Centeno
- Laboratoire des Catecholamines et Peptides, Service de Pharmacologie Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philippe J Eugster
- Laboratoire des Catecholamines et Peptides, Service de Pharmacologie Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
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The role of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid adsorption in the oxidation of homovanillic acid at a glassy carbon rotating disc electrode. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.01.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Xie Z, Lorkiewicz P, Riggs DW, Bhatnagar A, Srivastava S. Comprehensive, robust, and sensitive UPLC-MS/MS analysis of free biogenic monoamines and their metabolites in urine. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1099:83-91. [PMID: 30248561 PMCID: PMC6398444 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Biogenic monoamines, including catecholamines and serotonin are important hormones and neurotransmitters. Abnormal urinary levels of biogenic monoamines and their metabolites are associated with smoking, neuroendocrine tumors, as well as neurological and cardiovascular diseases. Measurements of free biogenic monoamines and their metabolites have been challenging because of low concentrations in complex biological matrices. Current methods require extensive enrichment and removal of interfering substances and can analyze only basic or acidic compounds in a single run. We developed a simple and robust dilute-and-shoot method capable of measuring 10 analytes, including free biogenic monoamines and their metabolites in human urine. The assay enables sensitive measurements of analytes within expected sample concentration ranges. To assess the assay's efficacy, we measured urinary levels of free biogenic monoamines and their metabolites in 255 non-smokers and 191 smokers. Our data show that while smokers had significantly higher urinary levels of free catecholamines and metanephrines, there was a decrease in levels of biogenic amine metabolites synthesized through the monoamine oxidase pathway - homovanillic acid and vanillylmandelic acid. The method could be used for high throughput measurement of the range of free biogenic amines and their metabolites in urine under a variety of different conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengzhi Xie
- American Heart Association - Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Superfund Research Center and Diabetes and Obesity Center, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, 580 South Preston Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, United States of America
| | - Pawel Lorkiewicz
- American Heart Association - Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Superfund Research Center and Diabetes and Obesity Center, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, 580 South Preston Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, United States of America; Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, 2320 S. Brook St., Louisville, KY, 40292, United States of America
| | - Daniel W Riggs
- American Heart Association - Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Superfund Research Center and Diabetes and Obesity Center, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, 580 South Preston Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, United States of America
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- American Heart Association - Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Superfund Research Center and Diabetes and Obesity Center, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, 580 South Preston Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, United States of America
| | - Sanjay Srivastava
- American Heart Association - Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Superfund Research Center and Diabetes and Obesity Center, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, 580 South Preston Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, United States of America.
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Němečková-Makrlíková A, Matysik FM, Navrátil T, Barek J, Vyskočil V. Determination of three Tumor Biomarkers (Homovanillic Acid, Vanillylmandelic Acid, and 5-Hydroxyindole-3-Acetic Acid) Using Flow Injection Analysis with Amperometric Detection. ELECTROANAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201800540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Němečková-Makrlíková
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Analytical Chemistry; UNESCO Laboratory of Environmental Electrochemistry; Hlavova 2030/8, CZ- 128 43 Prague 2 Czech Republic
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the AS CR, v.v.i.; Dolejškova 2155/3 CZ-182 23 Prague 8 Czech Republic
| | - Frank-Michael Matysik
- University of Regensburg; Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors; Universitätsstraße 31 D-93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Tomáš Navrátil
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the AS CR, v.v.i.; Dolejškova 2155/3 CZ-182 23 Prague 8 Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Barek
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Analytical Chemistry; UNESCO Laboratory of Environmental Electrochemistry; Hlavova 2030/8, CZ- 128 43 Prague 2 Czech Republic
| | - Vlastimil Vyskočil
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Analytical Chemistry; UNESCO Laboratory of Environmental Electrochemistry; Hlavova 2030/8, CZ- 128 43 Prague 2 Czech Republic
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Baluchová S, Barek J, Tomé LI, Brett CM, Schwarzová-Pecková K. Vanillylmandelic and Homovanillic acid: Electroanalysis at non-modified and polymer-modified carbon-based electrodes. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Konieczna L, Roszkowska A, Stachowicz-Stencel T, Synakiewicz A, Bączek T. Bioanalysis of a panel of neurotransmitters and their metabolites in plasma samples obtained from pediatric patients with neuroblastoma and Wilms' tumor. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1074-1075:99-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Yang Y, Liu F, Wan Y. Simultaneous determination of 4-hydroxyphenyl lactic acid, 4-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid, and 3,4-hydroxyphenyl propionic acid in human urine by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:2117-2122. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Yang
- College of Chemistry; Nanchang University; Nanchang Jiangxi P. R. China
| | - Fan Liu
- Center of Analysis and Testing; Nanchang University; Nanchang Jiangxi P. R. China
| | - Yiqun Wan
- College of Chemistry; Nanchang University; Nanchang Jiangxi P. R. China
- Center of Analysis and Testing; Nanchang University; Nanchang Jiangxi P. R. China
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Clark ZD, Cutler JM, Pavlov IY, Strathmann FG, Frank EL. Simple dilute-and-shoot method for urinary vanillylmandelic acid and homovanillic acid by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Clin Chim Acta 2017; 468:201-208. [PMID: 28263737 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroblastomas are pediatric tumors characterized by overproduction of catecholamines. The catecholamine metabolites, vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) and homovanillic acid (HVA), are used in clinical evaluation of neuroblastoma. Tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is an effective analytical method for measurement of VMA and HVA in urine. METHODS Dilute-and-shoot sample preparation was performed in a 96-well format using a liquid handler. Chromatographic separation was achieved using a reverse phase column; detection was accomplished by triple quadrupole mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization in positive mode. Data were acquired by multiple reaction monitoring. Two transitions, quantifier and qualifier, were monitored for each analyte and its stable isotope-labeled internal standard. Analytical specificity studies were performed. RESULTS Injection-to-injection time was 4min. The method was validated for linearity, limit of quantification, imprecision, accuracy, and interference. Linearity was 0.5-100mg/l for both analytes. Within-run, between-day, and total imprecision were 1.0-4.1% for VMA and 0.8-3.8% for HVA. The method correlated well with our established HPLC method. Interferences precluding quantitation of VMA in 3% of specimens were reduced significantly (to 0.1% of specimens) using a modified LC gradient to reanalyze affected samples. CONCLUSIONS A simple, robust, economical, fast LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for measurement of urinary VMA and HVA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zlatuse D Clark
- ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, United States
| | | | - Igor Y Pavlov
- ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, United States
| | - Frederick G Strathmann
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States
| | - Elizabeth L Frank
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States.
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Clark ZD, Cutler JM, Frank EL. Practical LC-MS/MS Method for 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid in Urine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 1:387-399. [DOI: 10.1373/jalm.2016.021675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Makrlíková A, Ktena E, Economou A, Fischer J, Navrátil T, Barek J, Vyskočil V. Voltammetric Determination of Tumor Biomarkers for Neuroblastoma (Homovanillic Acid, Vanillylmandelic Acid, and 5-Hydroxyindole-3-acetic Acid) at Screen-printed Carbon Electrodes. ELECTROANAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201600534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Makrlíková
- Charles University; Faculty of Science; Department of Analytical Chemistry; UNESCO Laboratory of Environmental Electrochemistry; Hlavova 8 128 43 Prague 2 Czech Republic
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the AS CR, v.v.i.; Dolejškova 3 182 23 Prague 8 Czech Republic
| | - Evangelia Ktena
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Department of Chemistry; Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry; Panepistimiopolis, Zografou 157 71 Athens Greece
| | - Anastasios Economou
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Department of Chemistry; Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry; Panepistimiopolis, Zografou 157 71 Athens Greece
| | - Jan Fischer
- Charles University; Faculty of Science; Department of Analytical Chemistry; UNESCO Laboratory of Environmental Electrochemistry; Hlavova 8 128 43 Prague 2 Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Navrátil
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the AS CR, v.v.i.; Dolejškova 3 182 23 Prague 8 Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Barek
- Charles University; Faculty of Science; Department of Analytical Chemistry; UNESCO Laboratory of Environmental Electrochemistry; Hlavova 8 128 43 Prague 2 Czech Republic
| | - Vlastimil Vyskočil
- Charles University; Faculty of Science; Department of Analytical Chemistry; UNESCO Laboratory of Environmental Electrochemistry; Hlavova 8 128 43 Prague 2 Czech Republic
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Eisenhofer G, Peitzsch M, McWhinney BC. Impact of LC-MS/MS on the laboratory diagnosis of catecholamine-producing tumors. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Cherubini E, Di Napoli A, Noto A, Osman GA, Esposito MC, Mariotta S, Sellitri R, Ruco L, Cardillo G, Ciliberto G, Mancini R, Ricci A. Genetic and Functional Analysis of Polymorphisms in the Human Dopamine Receptor and Transporter Genes in Small Cell Lung Cancer. J Cell Physiol 2016; 231:345-56. [PMID: 26081799 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The regulatory role of dopamine (DA) in endocrine, cardiovascular and renal functions has been extensively studied and used for clinical purposes. More recently DA has been indicated as a regulatory molecule for immune cells and malignant cell proliferation. We assessed the expression and the functional role DA, DA receptors, and transporters in primary small cell lung cancer (SCLC). By HPLC DA plasma levels were more elevated in SCLC patients in comparison with NSCLC patients and healthy controls. SCLC cell expressed DA D1- and D2-like receptors and membrane and vesicular transporters at protein and mRNA levels. We also investigated the effects of independent D1- or D2-like receptor stimulation on SCLC cell cultures. DA D1 receptor agonist SKF38393 induced the increase of cAMP levels and DARPP-32 protein expression without affecting SCLC growth rate. Cell treatment with the DA D1 receptor antagonist SCH23390 inhibited SKF38393 effects. In contrast, the DA D2 receptor agonist quinpirole (10 μM) counteracted, in a dose and time dependent way, SCLC cell proliferation, it did not affect cAMP levels and decreased phosphorylated AKT that was induced by DA D2 receptor antagonist sulpiride. However, in only one SCLC line, stimulation of DA D2 receptor failed to inhibit cell proliferation in vitro. This effect was associated to the existence of rs6275 and rs6277 polymorphisms in the D2 gene. These results gave more insight into DA control of lung cancer cell behavior and suggested the existence of different SCLC phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Cherubini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Molecolare, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Di Napoli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Molecolare, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Noto
- Dipartimento di Chirurgia Pietro Valdoni, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Giorgia Amira Osman
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Molecolare, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Salvatore Mariotta
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Molecolare, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Sellitri
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Molecolare, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Ruco
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Molecolare, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Gennaro Ciliberto
- IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Rita Mancini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Molecolare, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy.,Dipartimento di Chirurgia Pietro Valdoni, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Ricci
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Molecolare, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
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Marcos J, Renau N, Valverde O, Aznar-Laín G, Gracia-Rubio I, Gonzalez-Sepulveda M, Pérez-Jurado LA, Ventura R, Segura J, Pozo OJ. Targeting tryptophan and tyrosine metabolism by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1434:91-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Libansky M, Zima J, Barek J, Dejmkova H. Voltammetric determination of homovanillic acid and vanillylmandelic acid on a disposable electrochemical measuring cell system with integrated carbon composite film electrodes. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-015-1583-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Determination of urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid by combining Dμ-SPE using carbon coated TiO2 nanotubes and LC–MS/MS. Bioanalysis 2015; 7:2857-67. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.15.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: In this article, carbon coated titanium dioxide nanotubes (TiO2-NT@C) are employed for the determination of 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid in urine by LC–MS/MS. Results: All the variables involved in the extraction have been studied and optimized in depth. The method has been analytically characterized on the basis of its linearity, accuracy, sensitivity and precision. The LOD is 155.8 μg/l while the repeatability and the reproducibility, expressed as RSD, are better than 5.42 and 5.25%, respectively. The obtained relative recovery is 115%. Conclusion: TiO2-NT@C permit the efficient extraction of 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid from complex biological samples such as urine allowing its sensitive determination by LC–MS/MS.
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Shen Y, Lu J, Tang Q, Guan Q, Sun Z, Li H, Cheng L. Rapid, easy analysis of urinary vanillylmandelic acid for diagnostic testing of pheochromocytoma by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 1002:92-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Xanthomegnin detection does not discriminate between Trichophyton rubrum and T. mentagrophytes complexes. J Microbiol Methods 2015; 111:122-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2015.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Tohmola N, Itkonen O, Sane T, Markkanen H, Joenväärä S, Renkonen R, Hämäläinen E. Analytical and preanalytical validation of a new mass spectrometric serum 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid assay as neuroendocrine tumor marker. Clin Chim Acta 2014; 428:38-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2013.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Zhang HT, Li Z, Zhang JB, Zhang Y, Ye JN, Chu QC, Zhang MJ. Simultaneous determination of catecholamines and related metabolites by capillary electrophoresis with amperometric detection. Chem Res Chin Univ 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-013-3132-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Analysis of vanillylmandelic acid and homovanillic acid by UPLC–MS/MS in serum for diagnostic testing for neuroblastoma. Clin Chim Acta 2013; 424:253-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2013.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Zhou Y, Yan H, Xie Q, Huang S, Liu J, Li Z, Ma M, Yao S. Simultaneous analysis of dopamine and homovanillic acid by high-performance liquid chromatography with wall-jet/thin-layer electrochemical detection. Analyst 2013; 138:7246-53. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an01437a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Monteleone M, Naccarato A, Sindona G, Tagarelli A. A reliable and simple method for the assay of neuroendocrine tumor markers in human urine by solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 759:66-73. [PMID: 23260678 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Revised: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Homovanillic acid (HVA), vanylmandelic acid (VMA), and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) are the metabolites of some catecholamines such as epinephrine, nor-epinephrine, dopamine and serotonin and their quantification is used in the diagnosis and management of patients with neurocrine tumors. A novel approach in the assay of these biomarkers in human urine samples by solid phase microextraction (SPME) combined with gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-QqQ-MS) is presented. A preliminary derivatization with ethyl chloroformate/ethanol was used and the corresponding derivatives were then extracted by SPME in immersion mode. The performance of five SPME fibers and three chloroformates were evaluated in univariate mode and the best results were obtained using the polyacrylate fiber and ethyl chloroformate. The variables affecting the efficiency of SPME analysis were optimized by the multivariate approach of "Experimental design" and, in particular, a central composite design (CCD) was applied. The optimum working conditions in terms of response values were achieved by performing analysis at room temperature with addition of NaCl (9.5%) and with an extraction time of 25.8 min. Identification and quantification of analytes were carried out by using a gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-QqQ MS) system in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) acquisition. An evaluation of all analytical parameters shows that the proposed method provides satisfactory results. Very good linearities were, in fact, achieved in the tested calibration ranges with correlation coefficient values >0.99 for all the analytes and accuracies and RSDs calculated for between-run and tested at concentrations of 1, 10, and 80 mg L(-1) were ranging from 91.3% to 106.6%, and from 0.5 to 8.9%, respectively. Moreover, the LOD values obtained can be considered very satisfactory (1.3, 0.046 and 24.3 μg L(-1) for HVA, VMA and 5-HIAA, respectively). The developed protocol represents, therefore, a simple, rapid and selective tool for assaying these acidic biomarkers in urine samples for neuroendocrine cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Monteleone
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università della Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci Cubo 12/C, I-87030 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
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The coming of age of liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry in the endocrinology laboratory. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 883-884:50-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 08/19/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Kim MJ, Kim BK, Kim SM, Park JS, Hong JK. Profiling analysis of catecholamines and polyamines in biological samples. ANALYTICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2011. [DOI: 10.5806/ast.2011.24.5.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Zhao J, Chen H, Ni P, Xu B, Luo X, Zhan Y, Gao P, Zhu D. Simultaneous determination of urinary tryptophan, tryptophan-related metabolites and creatinine by high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet and fluorimetric detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:2720-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2011] [Revised: 07/25/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Chirita RI, Finaru AL, Elfakir C. Evaluation of fused-core and monolithic versus porous silica-based C18 columns and porous graphitic carbon for ion-pairing liquid chromatography analysis of catecholamines and related compounds. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:633-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2010] [Revised: 01/24/2011] [Accepted: 01/30/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Combet E, Lean ME, Boyle JG, Crozier A, Davidson DF. Dietary flavonols contribute to false-positive elevation of homovanillic acid, a marker of catecholamine-secreting tumors. Clin Chim Acta 2011; 412:165-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2010.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2010] [Revised: 09/29/2010] [Accepted: 09/29/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Current status and future developments of LC-MS/MS in clinical chemistry for quantification of biogenic amines. Clin Biochem 2011; 44:95-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2010.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2010] [Revised: 07/01/2010] [Accepted: 07/04/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Gao Y, Zhang J, Zhang L, Guo Y. Using Chemical Derivatization to Determine the Human Urinary Acidic Catecholamine Metabolites Quantitatively by Liquid Chromatography/Electrospray Ionization-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. CHINESE J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201090288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Li Q, Batchelor-McAuley C, Compton RG. Electrooxidative Decarboxylation of Vanillylmandelic Acid: Voltammetric Differentiation between the Structurally Related Compounds Homovanillic Acid and Vanillylmandelic Acid. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:9713-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp104137p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Batchelor-McAuley
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Richard G. Compton
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
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Saracino MA, Gerra G, Somaini L, Colombati M, Raggi MA. Chromatographic analysis of serotonin, 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid and homovanillic acid in dried blood spots and platelet poor and rich plasma samples. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:4808-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2010] [Revised: 05/14/2010] [Accepted: 05/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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46
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Manickum T. Simultaneous analysis of neuroendocrine tumor markers by HPLC-electrochemical detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2009; 877:4140-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2009] [Revised: 09/21/2009] [Accepted: 09/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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47
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Slater S, Villalba MM, Davis J. Key neurochemical markers for the prevention of suicide. Trends Analyt Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2009.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ferreira FD, Silva LI, Freitas A, Rocha-Santos TA, Duarte A. High performance liquid chromatography coupled to an optical fiber detector coated with laccase for screening catecholamines in plasma and urine. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:7049-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.08.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2009] [Revised: 08/19/2009] [Accepted: 08/27/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Sakaguchi Y, Yoshida H, Todoroki K, Nohta H, Yamaguchi M. Separation-Oriented Derivatization of Native Fluorescent Compounds through Fluorous Labeling Followed by Liquid Chromatography with Fluorous-Phase. Anal Chem 2009; 81:5039-45. [DOI: 10.1021/ac9005952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Sakaguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Johnan, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Yoshida
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Johnan, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Todoroki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Johnan, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nohta
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Johnan, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Yamaguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Johnan, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
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