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Tang Y, Xie T, Guo Y, Liu S, Li C, Liu T, Zhao P, Yang L, Li Z, Yang H, Zhang X. Analysis of Diffusion-Weighted and T2-Weighted Imaging in the Prediction of Distinct Granulation Patterns of Somatotroph Adenomas. World Neurosurg 2024; 182:e334-e343. [PMID: 38052365 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.11.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The heterogeneity of the somatotroph adenomas, especially for sparsely granulated (SG) and densely granulated (DG) subtypes, has attracted great attention in identifying their imaging biomarker. The purpose of the current study was to compare the diagnostic performance of diffusion-weighted and T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences for preoperatively distinguishing the granulation patterns of somatotroph adenomas. METHODS Thirty-two patients with a clinical diagnosis of somatotroph adenomas from October 2018 to March 2023 were included in this study. Coronal diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and T2-weighted MRI sequence data were collected from 3.0T MRI and compared between SG and DG groups. The immunohistochemistry was used to confirm the electron microscopy pathologic subtypes and Ki67 expression levels of somatotroph adenomas postoperatively. RESULTS Patients in the SG group had significantly higher signal intensity (SI) ratio of DWI (rDWI) (P < 0.001), lower SI ratio of apparent diffusion coefficient (rADC) (P < 0.001), and higher SI ratio of T2-weighted imaging (P = 0.011). The combined diagnosis index of rDWI and rADC had the highest diagnostic efficiency in predicting SG adenomas (sensitivity, 93.3%; specificity, 88.2%; P < 0.001). The rDWI and rADC values had positive and negative correlations with the Ki67 index and tumor maximum diameter, respectively. Lower rADC×103 was an independent predictor for SG adenomas. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that compared with previously used T2-weighted imaging, the DWI sequence, especially the combined diagnosis index of rDWI and rADC, could more efficiently distinguish the granulation patterns of somatotroph adenomas preoperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; The Innovation and Translation Alliance of Neuroendoscopy in the Yangtze River Delta, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinglong Guo
- Department of Radiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tengfei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Puyuan Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - LiangLiang Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zeyang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hantao Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaobiao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Digital Medical Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; The Innovation and Translation Alliance of Neuroendoscopy in the Yangtze River Delta, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention, Shanghai, China.
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Wu S, Li R, Jiang Y, Yu J, Zheng J, Li Z, Li M, Xin K, Wang Y, Xu Z, Li S, Chen X. Liquid biopsy in urothelial carcinoma: Detection techniques and clinical applications. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115027. [PMID: 37354812 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The types of urothelial carcinoma (UC) include urothelial bladder cancer and upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Current diagnostic techniques cannot meet the needs of patients. Liquid biopsy is an accurate method of determining the molecular profile of UC and is a cutting-edge and popular technique that is expected to complement existing detection techniques and benefit patients with UC. Circulating tumor cells, cell-free DNA, cell-free RNA, extracellular vesicles, proteins, and metabolites can be found in the blood, urine, or other bodily fluids and are examined during liquid biopsies. This article focuses on the components of liquid biopsies and their clinical applications in UC. Liquid biopsies have tremendous potential in multiple aspects of precision oncology, from early diagnosis and treatment monitoring to predicting prognoses. They may therefore play an important role in the management of UC and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Wu
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Yuanhong Jiang
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Jiazheng Yu
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Jianyi Zheng
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Zeyu Li
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Mingyang Li
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Kerong Xin
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, China.
| | - Zhenqun Xu
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China.
| | - Shijie Li
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China.
| | - Xiaonan Chen
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China.
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Liquid Biopsy and Circulating Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Precancerous and Cancerous Oral Lesions. Noncoding RNA 2022; 8:ncrna8040060. [PMID: 36005828 PMCID: PMC9414906 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna8040060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide, accounting for 2% of all cases annually and 1.8% of all cancer deaths. To date, tissue biopsy and histopathological analyses are the gold standard methods for the diagnosis of oral cancers. However, oral cancer is generally diagnosed at advanced stages with a consequent poor 5-year survival (~50%) due to limited screening programs and inefficient physical examination strategies. To address these limitations, liquid biopsy is recently emerging as a novel minimally invasive tool for the early identification of tumors as well as for the evaluation of tumor heterogeneity and prognosis of patients. Several studies have demonstrated that liquid biopsy in oral cancer could be useful for the detection of circulating biomarkers including circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), microRNAs (miRNAs), proteins, and exosomes, thus improving diagnostic strategies and paving the way to personalized medicine. However, the application of liquid biopsy in oral cancer is still limited and further studies are needed to better clarify its clinical impact. The present manuscript aims to provide an updated overview of the potential use of liquid biopsy as an additional tool for the management of oral lesions by describing the available methodologies and the most promising biomarkers.
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Gong YW, Wang YR, Fan GR, Niu Q, Zhao YL, Wang H, Svatek R, Rodriguez R, Wang ZP. Diagnostic and prognostic role of BTA, NMP22, survivin and cytology in urothelial carcinoma. Transl Cancer Res 2022; 10:3192-3205. [PMID: 35116626 PMCID: PMC8798616 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-21-386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Cytology is a recommended noninvasive urine test for the detection and surveillance of bladder cancer and upper-tract urothelial carcinoma. It is however characterized by poor sensitivity in low-grade tumors. This study aims to determine the diagnostic and prognostic role of BTA, BTA-stat, NMP22, and Survivin. Methods Urine samples were collected from a total of 105 patients (bladder cancer (n=61), upper-tract urothelial carcinoma (n=44), and controls (n=52). The samples were directly assessed using cytology, BTA-stat (Qualitative test), BTA (chemiluminescence test), NMP22 (Qualitative test), and Survivin (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Cancer progression and recurrence were assessed after a median follow-up of 32 months (4–47 months). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression. Results The triple combination of Survivin + BTA + Cytology was the most promising model for discriminating bladder cancer or upper-tract urothelial carcinoma from controls (UTUC group: the area under the curve value 0.97, sensitivity 86%, specificity 96%; BC group: the area under the curve value 0.86 sensitivity 67%, specificity 96%). Univariate survival analysis, showed Cytology (P=0.02; HR=5.35) and Survivin (HR=3.24; P=0.03) to have a significant association with the progression-free survival, while Survivin (HR=4.15; P=0.04) was statistically associated with cancer-specific survival in the bladder cancer group. The multivariable analysis did not show any of these markers as independent prognostic factors. Conclusions These biomarkers showed a higher sensitivity than cytology, but a poorer specificity. All biomarkers exhibited good diagnostic performance in both bladder cancer and upper-tract urothelial carcinoma. Combining Survivin + BTA + Cytology was superior to the use of a single marker or combining other biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wen Gong
- Institute of Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Key Laboratory of Urological Disease of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yi-Ran Wang
- Institute of Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Key Laboratory of Urological Disease of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guang-Rui Fan
- Institute of Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Key Laboratory of Urological Disease of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qian Niu
- Institute of Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Key Laboratory of Urological Disease of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - You-Li Zhao
- Institute of Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Key Laboratory of Urological Disease of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hanzhang Wang
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA
| | - Robert Svatek
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA
| | - Ronald Rodriguez
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA
| | - Zhi-Ping Wang
- Institute of Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Key Laboratory of Urological Disease of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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Zhu RJ, Zhou J, Liang PQ, Xiang XX, Ran J, Xie TA, Guo XG. Accuracy of cytokeratin 19 fragment in the diagnosis of bladder cancer. Biomark Med 2022; 16:197-216. [PMID: 35112920 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2021-0754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: CYFRA21-1 is a biomarker of cancer and has a promising future in the diagnosis of bladder cancer. The purpose of this study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of CYFRA21-1 for bladder cancer. Methods: We included articles from the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PubMed and Embase. Meta-DiSc 1.4 and Stata 12.0 were used for data analysis. Results: Twenty-eight articles were analyzed, and the results are as follows: sensitivity, specificity, PLR, NLR, DOR and AUC were 0.69 (95% CI [0.67, 0.71]), 0.81 (95% CI [0.80, 0.83]), 5.99 (95% CI [4.42, 8.11]), 0.31 (95% CI [0.25, 0.38]), 24.58 (95% CI [15.15, 39.89]) and 0.8917, respectively. Conclusion: CYFRA21-1 has a high diagnostic efficiency for bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Jue Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Pan-Qiao Liang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Xiao-Xiu Xiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Jie Ran
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Tian-Ao Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Xu-Guang Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.,Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction & Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
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6
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Comparison of the clinical usefulness of different urinary tests for the initial detection of bladder cancer: a systematic review. Curr Urol 2021; 15:22-32. [PMID: 34084118 PMCID: PMC8137038 DOI: 10.1097/cu9.0000000000000012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The standard initial approach in patients with hematuria or other symptoms suggestive of bladder cancer (BC) is a combination of cystoscopy and urine cytology (UC); however, UC has low sensitivity particularly in low-grade tumors. The aim of the present review was to critically analyze and compare results in the literature of promising molecular urinary tests for the initial diagnosis of BC. Methods: We searched in the Medline and Cochrane Library databases for literature from January 2009 to January 2019, following the PRISMAguidelines. Results: In terms of sensitivity, ImmunoCyt showed the highest mean and median value, higher than UC. All tests analyses showed higher mean and median sensitivity when compared with UC. In terms of specificity, only UroVysion and Microsatellite analyses showed mean and median values similar to those of UC, whereas for all other tests, the specificity was lower than UC. It is evident that the sensitivity of UC is particularly low in low grade BC. Urinary tests mainly had improved sensitivity when compared to UC, and ImmunoCyt and UroVysion had the highest improvement in low grade tumors. Conclusions: Most of the proposed molecular markers were able to improve the sensitivity with similar or lower specificity when compared to UC. However, variability of results among the different studies was strong. Thus, as of now, none of these markers presented evidences so as to be accepted by international guidelines for diagnosis of BC.
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7
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Chen CJ, Chou CY, Shu KH, Chen HC, Wang MC, Chang CC, Hsu BG, Wu MS, Yang YL, Liao WL, Yang C, Hsiao YT, Huang CC. Discovery of Novel Protein Biomarkers in Urine for Diagnosis of Urothelial Cancer Using iTRAQ Proteomics. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:2953-2963. [PMID: 33780252 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is the ninth most prevalent malignancy worldwide. Noninvasive and efficient biomarkers with high accuracy are imperative for the surveillance and diagnosis of UC. CKD patients were enrolled as a control group in this study for the discovery of highly specific urinary protein markers of UC. An iTRAQ-labeled quantitative proteomic approach was used to discover novel potential markers. These markers were further validated with 501 samples by ELISA assay, and their diagnostic accuracies were compared to those of other reported UC markers. BRDT, CYBP, GARS, and HDGF were identified as novel urinary UC biomarkers with a high discrimination ability in a population comprising CKD and healthy subjects. The diagnostic values of the four novel UC markers were better than that of a panel of well-known or FDA-approved urinary protein markers CYFR21.1, Midkine, and NUMA1. Three of our discovered markers (BRDT, HDGF, GARS) and one well-known marker (CYFR21.1) were finally selected and combined as a marker panel having AUC values of 0.962 (95% CI, 0.94-0.98) and 0.860 (95% CI, 0.83-0.89) for the discrimination between UC and normal groups and UC and control (healthy + CKD) groups, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Jung Chen
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan.,Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404332, Taiwan
| | - Che-Yi Chou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asia University Hospital, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.,Department of Post-baccalaureate Veterinary Medicine, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Nephrology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404332, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsiung Shu
- Division of Nephrology, Lin Shin Hospital, Taichung 40867, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chun Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Kaohsiung Medical University and Hospitals, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Cheng Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 70403, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chu Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung 43303, Taiwan
| | - Bang-Gee Hsu
- Division of Nephrology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien 43303, Taiwan
| | - Mai-Szu Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Taipei Medical University and Hospitals, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Lung Yang
- Division of Urology, St. Mary's Hospital, Yilan 26546, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ling Liao
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan.,Center for Personalized Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404332, Taiwan
| | - Chieh Yang
- Division of Nephrology and the Kidney Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University and Hospitals, Taichung 404332, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tien Hsiao
- Division of Nephrology and the Kidney Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University and Hospitals, Taichung 404332, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Ching Huang
- Division of Nephrology and the Kidney Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University and Hospitals, Taichung 404332, Taiwan
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Gruba N, Stachurski L, Lesner A. Non‐Proteasomal Urine Activity in Bladder Cancer. Chem Biodivers 2021; 18:e2000981. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202000981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Gruba
- University of Gdansk Faculty of Chemistry Wita Stwosza 63 Street PL 80-308 Gdańsk Poland
| | - Lech Stachurski
- City Hospital St. Vincent de Paul Wójta Radtkiego 1 Street PL 81-348 Gdynia Poland
| | - Adam Lesner
- University of Gdansk Faculty of Chemistry Wita Stwosza 63 Street PL 80-308 Gdańsk Poland
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Hong M, He G, Goh S, Low AWX, Tay KJ, Lim TKH, Yeong J, Khor LY, Lim TS. Biomarkers for Precision Urothelial Carcinoma Diagnosis: Current Approaches and the Application of Single-Cell Technologies. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020260. [PMID: 33445605 PMCID: PMC7827267 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is the most frequently diagnosed cancer of the urinary tract and is ranked the sixth most diagnosed cancer in men worldwide. About 70–75% of newly diagnosed UCs are non-invasive or low grade. Different tests such as urine cytology and cystoscopy are used to detect UC. If abnormal tissue is found during cystoscopy, then a biopsy will be performed. Cytology has low sensitivity for low-grade cancer while cystoscopy is invasive and costly. Detecting UC early improves the chances of treatment success. Therefore, many researchers have painstakingly identified urine biological markers for non-invasive UC diagnosis. In this review, we summarize some of the latest and most promising biological markers (including FDA-approved and investigational markers). We also discuss some new technologies that can aid research efforts in biological marker discovery for early UC detection. Abstract Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is the most frequent malignancy of the urinary system and is ranked the sixth most diagnosed cancer in men worldwide. Around 70–75% of newly diagnosed UC manifests as the non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) subtype, which can be treated by a transurethral resection of the tumor. However, patients require life-long monitoring due to its high rate of recurrence. The current gold standard for UC diagnosis, prognosis, and disease surveillance relies on a combination of cytology and cystoscopy, which is invasive, costly, and associated with comorbidities. Hence, there is considerable interest in the development of highly specific and sensitive urinary biomarkers for the non-invasive early detection of UC. In this review, we assess the performance of current diagnostic assays for UC and highlight some of the most promising biomarkers investigated to date. We also highlight some of the recent advances in single-cell technologies that may offer a paradigm shift in the field of UC biomarker discovery and precision diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Hong
- A. Menarini Biomarkers Singapore Pte Ltd., Singapore 117440, Singapore;
| | - George He
- Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169856, Singapore; (G.H.); (S.G.); (T.K.H.L.)
| | - Siting Goh
- Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169856, Singapore; (G.H.); (S.G.); (T.K.H.L.)
| | - Alvin Wei Xiang Low
- Department of Urology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169854, Singapore; (A.W.X.L.); (K.J.T.)
| | - Kae Jack Tay
- Department of Urology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169854, Singapore; (A.W.X.L.); (K.J.T.)
| | - Tony Kiat Hon Lim
- Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169856, Singapore; (G.H.); (S.G.); (T.K.H.L.)
| | - Joe Yeong
- Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169856, Singapore; (G.H.); (S.G.); (T.K.H.L.)
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore
- Correspondence: (J.Y.); (L.Y.K.); (T.S.L.)
| | - Li Yan Khor
- Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169856, Singapore; (G.H.); (S.G.); (T.K.H.L.)
- Correspondence: (J.Y.); (L.Y.K.); (T.S.L.)
| | - Tong Seng Lim
- A. Menarini Biomarkers Singapore Pte Ltd., Singapore 117440, Singapore;
- Correspondence: (J.Y.); (L.Y.K.); (T.S.L.)
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10
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Jeong S, Son DS, Cho M, Lee N, Song W, Shin S, Park SH, Lee DJ, Park MJ. Evaluation of Combined Cancer Markers With Lactate Dehydrogenase and Application of Machine Learning Algorithms for Differentiating Benign Disease From Malignant Ovarian Cancer. Cancer Control 2021; 28:10732748211033401. [PMID: 34923833 PMCID: PMC8704186 DOI: 10.1177/10732748211033401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The differential diagnosis of ovarian cancer is important, and there has been ongoing research to identify biomarkers with higher performance. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic utility of combinations of cancer markers classified by machine learning algorithms in patients with early stage ovarian cancer, which has rarely been reported. METHODS In total, 730 serum samples were assayed for lactate dehydrogenase (LD), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), cancer antigen 125 (CA125), and risk of ovarian malignancy algorithm (ROMA). Among them, 53 were diagnosed with early stage ovarian cancer, and the remaining 677 were diagnosed with benign disease. RESULTS The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC-AUCs) of the ROMA, HE4, CA125, LD, and NLR for discriminating ovarian cancer from non-cancerous disease were .707, .680, .643, .657, and .624, respectively. ROC-AUC of the combination of ROMA and LD (.709) was similar to that of single ROMA in the total population. In the postmenopausal group, ROC-AUCs of HE4 and CA125 combined with LD presented the highest value (.718). When machine learning algorithms were applied to ROMA combined with LD, the ROC-AUC of random forest was higher than that of other applied algorithms in the total population (.757), showing acceptable performance. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that the combinations of ovarian cancer-specific markers with LD classified by random forest may be a useful tool for predicting ovarian cancer, particularly in clinical settings, due to easy accessibility and cost-effectiveness. Application of an optimal combination of cancer markers and algorithms would facilitate appropriate management of ovarian cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seri Jeong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dae-Soon Son
- School of Big Data Science, Data Science Convergence Research Center, Hallym University, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, South Korea
| | - Minseob Cho
- School of Big Data Science, Data Science Convergence Research Center, Hallym University, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, South Korea
| | - Nuri Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Wonkeun Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Saeam Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Jin Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Research Center of Artificial Intelligence, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min-Jeong Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Papadaki V, Asada K, Watson JK, Tamura T, Leung A, Hopkins J, Dellett M, Sasai N, Davaapil H, Nik-Zainal S, Longbottom R, Nakakido M, Torii R, Veerakumarasivam A, Kaneko S, Sagoo MS, Murphy G, Mitani A, Tsumoto K, Kelly JD, Hamamoto R, Ohnuma SI. Two Secreted Proteoglycans, Activators of Urothelial Cell-Cell Adhesion, Negatively Contribute to Bladder Cancer Initiation and Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3362. [PMID: 33202923 PMCID: PMC7697838 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteomodulin (OMD) and proline/arginine-rich end leucine repeat protein (PRELP) are secreted extracellular matrix proteins belonging to the small leucine-rich proteoglycans family. We found that OMD and PRELP were specifically expressed in umbrella cells in bladder epithelia, and their expression levels were dramatically downregulated in all bladder cancers from very early stages and various epithelial cancers. Our in vitro studies including gene expression profiling using bladder cancer cell lines revealed that OMD or PRELP application suppressed the cancer progression by inhibiting TGF-β and EGF pathways, which reversed epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), activated cell-cell adhesion, and inhibited various oncogenic pathways. Furthermore, the overexpression of OMD in bladder cancer cells strongly inhibited the anchorage-independent growth and tumorigenicity in mouse xenograft studies. On the other hand, we found that in the bladder epithelia, the knockout mice of OMD and/or PRELP gene caused partial EMT and a loss of tight junctions of the umbrella cells and resulted in formation of a bladder carcinoma in situ-like structure by spontaneous breakdowns of the umbrella cell layer. Furthermore, the ontological analysis of the expression profiling of an OMD knockout mouse bladder demonstrated very high similarity with those obtained from human bladder cancers. Our data indicate that OMD and PRELP are endogenous inhibitors of cancer initiation and progression by controlling EMT. OMD and/or PRELP may have potential for the treatment of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Papadaki
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK; (V.P.); (T.T.); (A.L.); (J.H.); (M.D.); (N.S.); (H.D.); (R.L.); (M.N.); (M.S.S.)
- Institute of Fundamental Biological Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center “Alexander Fleming”, 16672 Vari, Greece
| | - Ken Asada
- Division of Molecular Modification and Cancer Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; (K.A.); (S.K.)
- Cancer Translational Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, 1-4-1 Nihonbashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0027, Japan
| | - Julie K. Watson
- The Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2XZ, UK; (J.K.W.); (A.V.); (G.M.); (J.D.K.)
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
- Stem Cell Technologies, Building 7100, Cambridge Research Park, Beach Drive, Waterbeach, Cambridge CB25 9TL, UK
| | - Toshiya Tamura
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK; (V.P.); (T.T.); (A.L.); (J.H.); (M.D.); (N.S.); (H.D.); (R.L.); (M.N.); (M.S.S.)
- Integrated Biology, Research Division Axcelead Drug Discovery Partners, Inc. 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-0012, Japan
| | - Alex Leung
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK; (V.P.); (T.T.); (A.L.); (J.H.); (M.D.); (N.S.); (H.D.); (R.L.); (M.N.); (M.S.S.)
| | - Jack Hopkins
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK; (V.P.); (T.T.); (A.L.); (J.H.); (M.D.); (N.S.); (H.D.); (R.L.); (M.N.); (M.S.S.)
| | - Margaret Dellett
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK; (V.P.); (T.T.); (A.L.); (J.H.); (M.D.); (N.S.); (H.D.); (R.L.); (M.N.); (M.S.S.)
- C-TRIC, Altnagelvin Hospital Campus, NI Centre for Stratified Medicine, Glenshane Road, Derry/Londonderry BT47 6SB, UK
| | - Noriaki Sasai
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK; (V.P.); (T.T.); (A.L.); (J.H.); (M.D.); (N.S.); (H.D.); (R.L.); (M.N.); (M.S.S.)
- Developmental Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5, Takayama-cho, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Hongorzul Davaapil
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK; (V.P.); (T.T.); (A.L.); (J.H.); (M.D.); (N.S.); (H.D.); (R.L.); (M.N.); (M.S.S.)
- Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Wellcome—MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Serena Nik-Zainal
- MRC Cancer Unit University of Cambridge Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Box 197, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK;
- Academic Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Box 238, Lv 6 Addenbrooke’s Treatment Centre, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Rebecca Longbottom
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK; (V.P.); (T.T.); (A.L.); (J.H.); (M.D.); (N.S.); (H.D.); (R.L.); (M.N.); (M.S.S.)
- Critical Care, University College London Hospital, 3rd floor, 235 Euston Road, London NW1 2PG, UK
| | - Makoto Nakakido
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK; (V.P.); (T.T.); (A.L.); (J.H.); (M.D.); (N.S.); (H.D.); (R.L.); (M.N.); (M.S.S.)
- Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan;
| | - Ryo Torii
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK;
| | - Abhi Veerakumarasivam
- The Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2XZ, UK; (J.K.W.); (A.V.); (G.M.); (J.D.K.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia
| | - Syuzo Kaneko
- Division of Molecular Modification and Cancer Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; (K.A.); (S.K.)
| | - Mandeep S. Sagoo
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK; (V.P.); (T.T.); (A.L.); (J.H.); (M.D.); (N.S.); (H.D.); (R.L.); (M.N.); (M.S.S.)
- Retinoblastoma Service, Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel Road, London E1 1BB, UK
- Ocular Oncology Service, Moorfields Eye Hospital, City Road, London EC1V 2PD, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, City Road, London EC1V 2PD, UK
| | - Gillian Murphy
- The Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2XZ, UK; (J.K.W.); (A.V.); (G.M.); (J.D.K.)
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Akihisa Mitani
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan;
| | - Kohei Tsumoto
- Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan;
| | - John D. Kelly
- The Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2XZ, UK; (J.K.W.); (A.V.); (G.M.); (J.D.K.)
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, 74 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6AU, UK
| | - Ryuji Hamamoto
- Division of Molecular Modification and Cancer Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; (K.A.); (S.K.)
- Cancer Translational Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, 1-4-1 Nihonbashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0027, Japan
- The Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2XZ, UK; (J.K.W.); (A.V.); (G.M.); (J.D.K.)
- Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan;
| | - Shin-ichi Ohnuma
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK; (V.P.); (T.T.); (A.L.); (J.H.); (M.D.); (N.S.); (H.D.); (R.L.); (M.N.); (M.S.S.)
- The Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2XZ, UK; (J.K.W.); (A.V.); (G.M.); (J.D.K.)
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12
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Othman HO, Salehnia F, Hosseini M, Hassan R, Faizullah A, Ganjali MR. Fluorescence immunoassay based on nitrogen doped carbon dots for the detection of human nuclear matrix protein NMP22 as biomarker for early stage diagnosis of bladder cancer. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.104966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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13
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Jiang Q, Han T, Ren H, Aziz AUR, Li N, Zhang H, Zhang Z, Liu B. Bladder cancer hunting: A microfluidic paper-based analytical device. Electrophoresis 2020; 41:1509-1516. [PMID: 32530061 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Bladder cancer is the fourth most common cancer in men, and it is becoming a prevalent malignancy. Most of the regular clinical examinations are prompt evaluations with cystoscopy, renal function testing, which require high-precision instrument, well-trained operators, and high cost. In this study, a microfluidic paper-based analytical device (μPAD) was fabricated to detect nuclear matrix protein 22 (NMP22) and bladder cancer antigen (BTA) from the urine samples. Urine samples were collected from 11 bladder cancer patients and 10 well-beings as experiment and control groups, respectively, to verify the working efficiency of μPAD. A remarkable checkout efficiency of up to 90.91% was found from the results. Meanwhile, this method is feasible for home-based self-detection from urine samples within 10 min for the total process, which provides a new way for quick, economical, and convenient tumor diagnosis, prognosis evaluation, and drug response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyun Jiang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology. Key Laboratory of Integrated Circuit and Biomedical Electronic System, Liaoning Province, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Han
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology. Key Laboratory of Integrated Circuit and Biomedical Electronic System, Liaoning Province, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Haijun Ren
- General Surgery, Dalian Friendship Hospital, Liaoning Province, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Aziz Ur Rehman Aziz
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology. Key Laboratory of Integrated Circuit and Biomedical Electronic System, Liaoning Province, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Na Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology. Key Laboratory of Integrated Circuit and Biomedical Electronic System, Liaoning Province, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Hangyu Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology. Key Laboratory of Integrated Circuit and Biomedical Electronic System, Liaoning Province, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Zhengyao Zhang
- School of Life Science & Pharmacy, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Bo Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology. Key Laboratory of Integrated Circuit and Biomedical Electronic System, Liaoning Province, Dalian, P. R. China
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14
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Li Y, Zeng B, Yang Y, Liang H, Yang Y, Yuan Q. Design of high stability thin-film transistor biosensor for the diagnosis of bladder cancer. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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15
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Matuszczak M, Salagierski M. Diagnostic and Prognostic Potential of Biomarkers CYFRA 21.1, ERCC1, p53, FGFR3 and TATI in Bladder Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093360. [PMID: 32397531 PMCID: PMC7247579 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The high occurrence of bladder cancer and its tendency to recur in combination with a lifelong surveillance make the treatment of superficial bladder cancer one of the most expensive and time-consuming. Moreover, carcinoma in situ often leads to muscle invasion with an unfavorable prognosis. Currently, invasive methods including cystoscopy and cytology remain a gold standard. The aim of this study was to explore urine-based biomarkers to find the one with the best specificity and sensitivity, which would allow optimizing the treatment plan. In this review, we sum up the current knowledge about Cytokeratin fragments (CYFRA 21.1), Excision Repair Cross-Complementation 1 (ERCC1), Tumour Protein p53 (Tp53), Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3 (FGFR3), Tumor-Associated Trypsin Inhibitor (TATI) and their potential applications in clinical practice.
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16
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Management of tumors has become more complex owing to tumor heterogeneity. Fewer studies have been performed on intra-tumor heterogeneity of endometrial cancer (EC) until now. Therefore, it is of great clinical value to explore the intra-tumor heterogeneity of EC based on clinical features and gene expression profiles. METHODS A total of 1688 patients with EC were screened and 114 patients were finally selected, including specimens from 84 patients with primary EC without relapse (PE) and the paired metastases (P-M) specimens, as well as specimens from 30 patients with primary EC with relapse (RPE) and the paired relapsed EC (P-RE) specimens. Microarray and RNA-seq were used to detect gene expression of EC samples. Clinicopathological characteristics and molecular data were compared between PE and P-M groups and between RPE and P-RE groups to explore the intra-tumor heterogeneity of EC. RESULTS The clinical intra-tumor spatial heterogeneity of pathological type, grade, ER status, and PR status between PE and P-M were 17.9%, 13.1%, 28.6%, and 28.6%, respectively. The clinical intra-tumor spatiotemporal heterogeneity of pathological type, grade, ER status, and PR status between RPE and P-RE were 16.7%, 33.3%, 25.0%, and 37.5%, respectively. Cluster analysis sorts EC samples based on progression type of lesion and their pathological type. There were differentially expressed genes between PE and P-M and between RPE and P-RE, of which gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis were mainly enriched in cell proliferation, the p53 signaling pathway, etc. CONCLUSIONS:: Clinical and molecular data showed that there was spatiotemporal heterogeneity in intra-tumor of EC, which may add to the complexity of diagnosis and therapeutics for EC. Considering the intra-tumor heterogeneity, sequential chemotherapy and precision medicine may be a more suitable treatment plan for EC.
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17
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Oeyen E, Hoekx L, De Wachter S, Baldewijns M, Ameye F, Mertens I. Bladder Cancer Diagnosis and Follow-Up: The Current Status and Possible Role of Extracellular Vesicles. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040821. [PMID: 30769831 PMCID: PMC6412916 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Diagnostic methods currently used for bladder cancer are cystoscopy and urine cytology. Cystoscopy is an invasive tool and has low sensitivity for carcinoma in situ. Urine cytology is non-invasive, is a low-cost method, and has a high specificity but low sensitivity for low-grade urothelial tumors. Despite the search for urinary biomarkers for the early and non-invasive detection of bladder cancer, no biomarkers are used at the present in daily clinical practice. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been recently studied as a promising source of biomarkers because of their role in intercellular communication and tumor progression. In this review, we give an overview of Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved urine tests to detect bladder cancer and why their use is not widespread in clinical practice. We also include non-FDA approved urinary biomarkers in this review. We describe the role of EVs in bladder cancer and their possible role as biomarkers for the diagnosis and follow-up of bladder cancer patients. We review recently discovered EV-derived biomarkers for the diagnosis of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline Oeyen
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), 2400 Mol, Belgium.
- Centre for Proteomics (CFP), University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Lucien Hoekx
- Urology Department, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), 2650 Edegem, Belgium.
| | - Stefan De Wachter
- Urology Department, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), 2650 Edegem, Belgium.
| | - Marcella Baldewijns
- Pathological Anatomy Department, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), 2650 Edegem, Belgium.
| | - Filip Ameye
- Urology Department, General Hospital Maria Middelares Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Inge Mertens
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), 2400 Mol, Belgium.
- Centre for Proteomics (CFP), University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
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Li S, Yue S, Yu C, Chen Y, Yuan D, Yu Q. A label-free immunosensor for the detection of nuclear matrix protein-22 based on a chrysanthemum-like Co-MOFs/CuAu NWs nanocomposite. Analyst 2018; 144:649-655. [PMID: 30480684 DOI: 10.1039/c8an01590b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a new, simple, and label-free electrochemical immunosensor was presented for the detection of nuclear matrix protein-22 (NMP-22). In order to accurately monitor very small amounts of NMP-22, it was advantageous to use highly efficient nanomaterials as signals. For this reason, we synthesized a chrysanthemum-like nanocomposite (Co-MOFs/CuAu NWs), using Co-based metal-organic frameworks (Co-MOFs) as carriers and copper gold nanowires (CuAu NWs) wrapped around their surface, which was applied for modifying a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The Co-MOFs/CuAu NWs possessed outstanding catalytic capabilities, which served as signal materials and simultaneously carried the anti-NMP-22 antibody (Ab). When different concentrations of the NMP-22 antigen (Ag) were specifically attached to the immunosensor, the current responses decreased by varying degrees. The designed biosensor used the principle to establish a linear regression equation and achieve an accurate quantification of NMP-22. After optimization, the NMP-22 sensor exhibited a good linear response over a concentration range from 0.1 pg mL-1 to 1 ng mL-1, with a lower detection limit of 33 fg mL-1 (based on S/N = 3). The proposed biosensor demonstrated the advantages of ultra-sensitivity, high specificity and acceptable reproducibility, suggesting that the proposed strategy has the potential for the quantification of NMP-22 in human urine samples. Moreover, the novel nanocomposite Co-MOFs/CuAu NWs are promising materials for electrochemical sensors to detect other biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Li
- Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China.
| | - Song Yue
- Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China.
| | - Chao Yu
- Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China.
| | - Yiyu Chen
- Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China.
| | - Dong Yuan
- Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China.
| | - Qiubo Yu
- Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China.
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19
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Lodewijk I, Dueñas M, Rubio C, Munera-Maravilla E, Segovia C, Bernardini A, Teijeira A, Paramio JM, Suárez-Cabrera C. Liquid Biopsy Biomarkers in Bladder Cancer: A Current Need for Patient Diagnosis and Monitoring. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2514. [PMID: 30149597 PMCID: PMC6163729 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder Cancer (BC) represents a clinical and social challenge due to its high incidence and recurrence rates, as well as the limited advances in effective disease management. Currently, a combination of cytology and cystoscopy is the routinely used methodology for diagnosis, prognosis and disease surveillance. However, both the poor sensitivity of cytology tests as well as the high invasiveness and big variation in tumour stage and grade interpretation using cystoscopy, emphasizes the urgent need for improvements in BC clinical guidance. Liquid biopsy represents a new non-invasive approach that has been extensively studied over the last decade and holds great promise. Even though its clinical use is still compromised, multiple studies have recently focused on the potential application of biomarkers in liquid biopsies for BC, including circulating tumour cells and DNA, RNAs, proteins and peptides, metabolites and extracellular vesicles. In this review, we summarize the present knowledge on the different types of biomarkers, their potential use in liquid biopsy and clinical applications in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Lodewijk
- Molecular Oncology Unit, CIEMAT (Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas), Avenida Complutense nº 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Institute I+12, University Hospital "12 de Octubre", Av Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marta Dueñas
- Molecular Oncology Unit, CIEMAT (Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas), Avenida Complutense nº 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Institute I+12, University Hospital "12 de Octubre", Av Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carolina Rubio
- Molecular Oncology Unit, CIEMAT (Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas), Avenida Complutense nº 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Institute I+12, University Hospital "12 de Octubre", Av Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ester Munera-Maravilla
- Molecular Oncology Unit, CIEMAT (Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas), Avenida Complutense nº 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Institute I+12, University Hospital "12 de Octubre", Av Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Cristina Segovia
- Molecular Oncology Unit, CIEMAT (Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas), Avenida Complutense nº 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Institute I+12, University Hospital "12 de Octubre", Av Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alejandra Bernardini
- Molecular Oncology Unit, CIEMAT (Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas), Avenida Complutense nº 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Institute I+12, University Hospital "12 de Octubre", Av Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alicia Teijeira
- Molecular Oncology Unit, CIEMAT (Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas), Avenida Complutense nº 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jesús M Paramio
- Molecular Oncology Unit, CIEMAT (Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas), Avenida Complutense nº 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Institute I+12, University Hospital "12 de Octubre", Av Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Cristian Suárez-Cabrera
- Molecular Oncology Unit, CIEMAT (Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas), Avenida Complutense nº 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Institute I+12, University Hospital "12 de Octubre", Av Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain.
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Evaluation of an Automated Screening Assay, Compared to Indirect Immunofluorescence, an Extractable Nuclear Antigen Assay, and a Line Immunoassay in a Large Cohort of Asian Patients with Antinuclear Antibody-Associated Rheumatoid Diseases: A Multicenter Retrospective Study. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:9094217. [PMID: 29854849 PMCID: PMC5954951 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9094217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We assessed the diagnostic utility of the connective tissue disease (CTD) screen as an automated screening test, in comparison with the indirect immunofluorescence (IIF), EliA extractable nuclear antigen (ENA), and line immunoassay (LIA) for patients with antinuclear antibody- (ANA-) associated rheumatoid disease (AARD). A total of 1115 serum samples from two university hospitals were assayed using these four autoantibody-based methods. The AARD group consisted of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic sclerosis (SSc), Sjögren's syndrome (SS), and mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD). The qualitative results of all four autoantibody assays showed a significant association with AARDs, compared to controls (P < 0.0001 for all). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC-AUCs) of the CTD screen for differentiating total AARDs, SLE, SSc, SS, and MCTD from controls were 0.89, 0.93, 0.73, 0.93, and 0.95, respectively. The ROC-AUCs of combination testing with LIA were slightly higher in patients with AARDs (0.92) than those of CTD screen alone. Multivariate analysis indicated that all four autoantibody assays could independently predict AARDs. CTD screening alone and in combination with IIF, EliA ENA, and LIA are potentially valuable diagnostic approaches for predicting AARDs. Combining CTD screen with LIA might be effective for AARD patients.
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Stefan-van Staden RI, Comnea-Stancu IR, Yanık H, Göksel M, Alexandru A, Durmuş M. Phthalocyanine-BODIPY dye: synthesis, characterization, and utilization for pattern recognition of CYFRA 21-1 in whole blood samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:6195-6203. [PMID: 28852796 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0560-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Phthalocyanine-BODIPY dye (BODIPY = boron dipyrromethene) was synthesized, fully characterized, and used for molecular recognition of CYFRA 21-1, a lung cancer biomarker, from whole blood samples. Thin films of three magnesium oxides ((MgO) n , where n = 8, 9, or 10)) were deposited on a paper substrate, and they were immersed in a solution of phthalocyanine-BODIPY dye (1.17 × 10-3 mol/L) for the design of stochastic sensors. Limits of determination of picograms per milliliter magnitude order were recorded for the proposed stochastic sensors. CYFRA 21-1 was reliably identified and determined with recoveries higher than 95% and RSD lower than 1% in whole blood samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raluca-Ioana Stefan-van Staden
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry and PATLAB Bucharest, National Institute of Research for Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, 202 Splaiul Independentei St., 060021, Bucharest, Romania. .,Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 1-7 Polizu St., 011061, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Ionela Raluca Comnea-Stancu
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry and PATLAB Bucharest, National Institute of Research for Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, 202 Splaiul Independentei St., 060021, Bucharest, Romania.,Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 1-7 Polizu St., 011061, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Hülya Yanık
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, PO Box 141, 41400, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Meltem Göksel
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, PO Box 141, 41400, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey.,Kosekoy Vocational School, Kocaeli University, PO Box 141, 41135, Kartepe, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Anghel Alexandru
- Low Temperature Plasma Laboratory, National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics (NILPRP), 409 Atomistilor St., 077125, Magurele, Romania
| | - Mahmut Durmuş
- Kosekoy Vocational School, Kocaeli University, PO Box 141, 41135, Kartepe, Kocaeli, Turkey
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22
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Jeong S, Yang H, Hwang H. Evaluation of an automated connective tissue disease screening assay in Korean patients with systemic rheumatic diseases. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173597. [PMID: 28273146 PMCID: PMC5342238 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic utilities of the automated connective tissues disease screening assay, CTD screen, in patients with systemic rheumatic diseases. A total of 1093 serum samples were assayed using CTD screen and indirect immunofluorescent (IIF) methods. Among them, 162 were diagnosed with systemic rheumatic disease, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and mixed connective tissue disease (MCT). The remaining 931 with non-systemic rheumatic disease were assigned to the control group. The median ratios of CTD screen tests were significantly higher in the systemic rheumatic disease group than in the control group. The positive likelihood ratios of the CTD screen were higher than those of IIF in patients with total rheumatic diseases (4.1 vs. 1.6), including SLE (24.3 vs. 10.7). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC-AUCs) of the CTD screen for discriminating total rheumatic diseases, RA, SLE, and MCT from controls were 0.68, 0.56, 0.92 and 0.80, respectively. The ROC-AUCs of the combinations with IIF were significantly higher in patients with total rheumatic diseases (0.72) and MCT (0.85) than in those of the CTD screen alone. Multivariate analysis indicated that both the CTD screen and IIF were independent variables for predicting systemic rheumatic disease. CTD screen alone and in combination with IIF were a valuable diagnostic tool for predicting systemic rheumatic diseases, particularly for SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seri Jeong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeyoung Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gyeonggi Provincial Medical Center Paju Hospital, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunyong Hwang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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23
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Lim DH, Lee JH, Kim JW. Feasibility of CYFRA 21-1 as a serum biomarker for the detection of colorectal adenoma and advanced colorectal adenoma in people over the age of 45. J Clin Lab Anal 2017; 32. [PMID: 28186354 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colon adenoma (CA) is a premalignant lesion of colorectal cancer, and its early removal is closely associated with more prolonged survival in the general population. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between diverse biologic markers and a newly diagnosed CA and to predict the clinical possibility of cytokeratin-19 soluble in serum fragment (CYFRA 21-1) as a screening tool in asymptomatic adults aged over 45 years. METHODS Four hundred and seventy-nine patients with a histologically confirmed CA or benign colon polyp (BCP), 76 patients with only benign colorectal diseases and 223 negative controls with no CA or BCP detected on colonofibroscopy were investigated. Multiple tumor markers and biochemical markers were simultaneously checked by radioimmunoassay and enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS The CYFRA 21-1 alone showed significant stepwise contrastive potential among the three groups (P<.001). Based on the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, Area under the curve (AUC) for CYFRA 21-1, with a value of 0.732 (95% confidence interval, 0.656-0.809, P<.001) for differentiating between negative controls and patients with advanced colon adenoma, was comparatively the highest among all analyzed factors. The sensitivity of CYFRA 21-1 was significantly higher than that of the other tumor markers in the diagnosis of CA and advanced CA, respectively (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS Considering the results of our study, CYFRA 21-1 showed a significant diagnostic performance and significant stepwise comparative potential in differentiating patients with CA from benign controls. CYFRA 21-1 could be a simple and effective screening test for the diagnosis of CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Hyoung Lim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Jai Hyuen Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Jong Wan Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, South Korea
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24
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Highly sensitive and selective lateral flow immunoassay based on magnetic nanoparticles for quantitative detection of carcinoembryonic antigen. Talanta 2016; 161:205-210. [PMID: 27769397 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is an important biomarker in cancer diagnosis. Here, we present an efficient, selective lateral-flow immunoassay (LFIA) based on magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) for in situ sensitive and accurate point-of-care detection of CEA. Signal amplification mechanism involved linking of detection MNPs with signal MNPs through biotin-modified single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and streptavidin. To verify the effectiveness of this modified LFIA system, the sensitivity and specificity were evaluated. Sensitivity evaluation showed a broad detection range of 0.25-1000ng/ml for CEA protein by the modified LFIA, and the limit of detection (LOD) of the modified LFIA was 0.25ng/ml, thus producing significant increase in detection threshold compared with the traditional LFIA. The modified LFIA could selectively recognize CEA in presence of several interfering proteins. In addition, this newly developed assay was applied for quantitative detection of CEA in human serum specimens collected from 10 randomly selected patients. The modified LFIA system detected minimum 0.27ng/ml of CEA concentration in serum samples. The results were consistent with the clinical data obtained using commercial electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) (p<0.01). In conclusion, the MNPs based LFIA system not only demonstrated enhanced signal to noise ratio, it also detected CEA with higher sensitivity and selectivity, and thus has great potential to be commercially applied as a sensitive tumor marker filtration system.
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25
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D’Costa JJ, Goldsmith JC, Wilson JS, Bryan RT, Ward DG. A Systematic Review of the Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Urinary Protein Biomarkers in Urothelial Bladder Cancer. Bladder Cancer 2016; 2:301-317. [PMID: 27500198 PMCID: PMC4969711 DOI: 10.3233/blc-160054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
For over 80 years, cystoscopy has remained the gold-standard for detecting tumours of the urinary bladder. Since bladder tumours have a tendency to recur and progress, many patients are subjected to repeated cystoscopies during long-term surveillance, with the procedure being both unpleasant for the patient and expensive for healthcare providers. The identification and validation of bladder tumour specific molecular markers in urine could enable tumour detection and reduce reliance on cystoscopy, and numerous classes of biomarkers have been studied. Proteins represent the most intensively studied class of biomolecule in this setting. As an aid to researchers searching for better urinary biomarkers, we report a comprehensive systematic review of the literature and a searchable database of proteins that have been investigated to date. Our objective was to classify these proteins as: 1) those with robustly characterised sensitivity and specificity for bladder cancer detection; 2) those that show potential but further investigation is required; 3) those unlikely to warrant further investigation; and 4) those investigated as prognostic markers. This work should help to prioritise certain biomarkers for rigorous validation, whilst preventing wasted effort on proteins that have shown no association whatsoever with the disease, or only modest biomarker performance despite large-scale efforts at validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie J. D’Costa
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - James C. Goldsmith
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jayne S. Wilson
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Richard T. Bryan
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Douglas G. Ward
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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26
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Guo XG, Long JJ. Cytokeratin-19 fragment in the diagnosis of bladder carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:14329-14330. [PMID: 27448817 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5223-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The results of previous studies evaluated the accuracy of serum, and urinary measurements of cytokeratin-19 fragment (CYFRA 21-1) for the diagnosis of bladder cancer were inconsistent. We read with great interest the recent systematic review of diagnostic accuracy of CYFRA 21-1 for bladder cancer by Huang et al. The systematic analysis demonstrated that the pooled sensitivities and specificities for serum and urine CYFRA 21-1 were 0.42 (95 % confidence interval (CI), 0.33-0.51), 0.82 (95 % CI, 0.70-0.90), 0.94 (95 % CI, 0.90-0.96), and 0.80 (95 % CI, 0.73-0.86), respectively. Areas under the summary receiver-operating-characteristic curves for serum and urine CYFRA 21-1 were 0.88 (95 % CI, 0.85-0.91) and 0.87 (95%CI, 0.84-0.90), respectively. The authors considered that both serum and urine CYFRA 21-1 served as efficient indexes for bladder-cancer diagnosis. We congratulate and applaud their important work, but several important issues should be noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Guang Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510150, China. .,Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Medical College of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510150, China. .,Center for Severe Maternal Treatment of Guangzhou City, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510150, China.
| | - Jia-Jie Long
- KingMed College of Laboratory Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China.,Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
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27
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Darwiche F, Parekh DJ, Gonzalgo ML. Biomarkers for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: Current tests and future promise. Indian J Urol 2015; 31:273-82. [PMID: 26604437 PMCID: PMC4626910 DOI: 10.4103/0970-1591.166448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The search continues for optimal markers that can be utilized to improve bladder cancer detection and to predict disease recurrence. Although no single marker has yet replaced the need to perform cystoscopy and urine cytology, many tests have been evaluated and are being developed. In the future, these promising markers may be incorporated into standard practice to address the challenge of screening in addition to long-term surveillance of patients who have or are at risk for developing bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadi Darwiche
- Department of Urology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Dipen J Parekh
- Department of Urology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Mark L Gonzalgo
- Department of Urology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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28
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Gogalic S, Sauer U, Doppler S, Preininger C. Bladder cancer biomarker array to detect aberrant levels of proteins in urine. Analyst 2015; 140:724-35. [PMID: 25427191 DOI: 10.1039/c4an01432d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BCa) is a serious malignancy of the urinary tract worldwide and also prominent for its high rate of recurrence incorporating 50% of all treated patients. To reduce relapse of BCa, lifelong surveillance of patients is essential leading to high treatment costs. The gold standard for the diagnosis of bladder cancer is cystoscopy. It is very sensitive, but due to high costs and its invasive nature this method for routine diagnosis of bladder cancer remains questionable. Because of this and the required surveillance of patients suffering from bladder cancer, urine based markers represent a new potential field of investigation. Literature at the National Center of Biological Information (NCBI) was retrieved for a potential marker panel offering specific protein signatures and used to develop a sensitive and accurate chip assay to monitor BCa. Discovery of possible bladder cancer protein markers is compiled by extensive literature search including 1077 recently (15.01.2008-20.03.2014) published research articles. Validation of this literature is done by selection based on prior defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. A set of six putative biomarkers (VEGF, IL-8, MMP-9, MMP-7, survivin and Cyfra 21.1) was identified and a non-invasive microarray developed to be used for further clinical validation. Investigation regarding optimized urine preparation and assay development, to enhance assay sensitivity for the marker panel, was carried out. This protein based BCa chip enables the fast (within 5 h), simultaneous, easy to operate, cheap, early and non-invasive determination of BCa and is ready for clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gogalic
- Health & Environment Department, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Bioresources, Konrad Lorenz Straße 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
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29
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Guo H, Zhou X, Lu Y, Xie L, Chen Q, Keller ET, Liu Q, Zhou Q, Zhang J. Translational progress on tumor biomarkers. Thorac Cancer 2015; 6:665-71. [PMID: 26557902 PMCID: PMC4632916 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.12294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need to apply basic research achievements to the clinic. In particular, mechanistic studies should be developed by bench researchers, depending upon clinical demands, in order to improve the survival and quality of life of cancer patients. To date, translational medicine has been addressed in cancer biology, particularly in the identification and characterization of novel tumor biomarkers. This review focuses on the recent achievements and clinical application prospects in tumor biomarkers based on translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-Related Diseases, Ministry of Education Nanning, China ; Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University Nanning, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-Related Diseases, Ministry of Education Nanning, China ; Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University Nanning, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-Related Diseases, Ministry of Education Nanning, China ; Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University Nanning, China
| | - Liye Xie
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-Related Diseases, Ministry of Education Nanning, China ; Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University Nanning, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-Related Diseases, Ministry of Education Nanning, China ; Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University Nanning, China
| | - Evan T Keller
- Department of Urology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Qian Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Tianjin, China
| | - Qinghua Zhou
- Lung Cancer Center, Huaxi Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-Related Diseases, Ministry of Education Nanning, China ; Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University Nanning, China ; Department of Urology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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30
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Huang YL, Chen J, Yan W, Zang D, Qin Q, Deng AM. Diagnostic accuracy of cytokeratin-19 fragment (CYFRA 21-1) for bladder cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:3137-45. [PMID: 25854170 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3352-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have evaluated the accuracy of serum and urinary measurements of cytokeratin-19 fragment (CYFRA 21-1) for the diagnosis of bladder cancer; however, the results have been inconsistent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the overall accuracy of CYFRA 21-1 for the diagnosis of bladder cancer. We performed a search for English-language publications reporting on the detection of CYFRA21-1 levels for the diagnosis of bladder cancer through November 2, 2014, using public medical databases, including EMBASE, Web of Science, and Medline. The quality of the studies was assessed by revised QUADAS tools. The performance characteristics were pooled and analyzed using a bivariate model. Publication bias was explored with the Deek's test. Sixteen studies, with a total 1,262 bladder-cancer patients and 1,233 non-bladder-cancer patients, were included in the study. The pooled sensitivities for serum and urine CYFRA 21-1 were 0.42 (95 % confidence interval (CI), 0.33-0.51) and 0.82 (95 % CI, 0.70-0.90), respectively. The corresponding specificities were 0.94 (95 % CI, 0.90-0.96) and 0.80 (95 % CI, 0.73-0.86), respectively. The areas under the summary receiver-operating-characteristic curves for serum and urine CYFRA 21-1 were 0.88 (95 % CI, 0.85-0.91) and 0.87 (95 % CI, 0.84-0.90), respectively. The major design deficiencies of the included studies were participant-selection bias, potential review, and verification bias. Therefore, we concluded that both serum and urine CYFRA 21-1 served as efficient indexes for bladder-cancer diagnosis. Additional, well-designed studies should be performed to rigorously evaluate the diagnostic value of CYFRA 21-1 for bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Lan Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, NO.455 Hospital of PLA, 338 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai, 200052, People's Republic of China
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31
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Wu HH, Wang PH, Yeh JY, Chen YJ, Yen MS, Huang RL, Tsai YJ, Yuan CC. Serum cytokeratin-19 fragment (Cyfra 21-1) is a prognostic indicator for epithelial ovarian cancer. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2015; 53:30-4. [PMID: 24767643 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cytokeratin 19 is significant for indicating cancer cells, and Cyfra 21-1 is a fragment of cytokeratin 19. This retrospective study was designed to define the prognostic value of serum Cyfra 21-1 in epithelial ovarian cancers (EOC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Serum Cyfra 21-1 concentration was obtained from 42 patients with EOC prior to treatment. Various prognostic aspects were examined using univariable and multivariable analyses. The standard serum marker cancer antigen 125 was measured simultaneously and compared in this analysis. RESULTS Serum levels of both Cyfra 21-1 and cancer antigen 125 were associated with positive retroperitoneal lymph nodes and platinum resistance; higher levels of Cyfra 21-1 (3.0 ng/mL as the cut-off) were associated with shorter disease-free survival (16 months vs. 28 months, p = 0.001) and overall survival (29 months vs. 41 months, p = 0.007) than lower levels. Further univariable analysis showed that Cyfra 21-1, poor differentiation, and retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis were related to platinum resistance and mortality. Multivariable analysis indicated retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis and serum Cyfra 21-1 were independent risk factors for both disease-free survival and overall survival. CONCLUSION The pretreatment level of serum Cyfra 21-1 had remarkable prognostic significance for EOC, indicating poor survival when it was elevated above 3.0 ng/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Hsi Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Peng-Hui Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Immunology Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Yih Yeh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shyen Yen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Rui-Lan Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Ju Tsai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chiou-Chung Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
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32
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Guan Z, Zeng J, Wang Z, Xie H, Lv C, Ma Z, Xu S, Wang X, He D, Li L. Urine tenascin‑C is an independent risk factor for bladder cancer patients. Mol Med Rep 2013; 9:961-6. [PMID: 24366195 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Urine biomarkers offer a non‑invasive method of detecting bladder cancer, monitoring disease progression and predicting disease recurrence and therapeutic treatment efficacy. Tenascin‑C (TN‑C), as a component of the extracellular matrix, is vital in the progression of bladder cancer. However, there is little to report with regard to urine TN‑C and its correlation with bladder cancer grade, stage, recurrence and prognosis. In the present study, 66 samples of voided urine from patients with bladder cancer and 42 samples from volunteers were obtained. The urine TN‑C concentration was determined using an ELISA assay. The correlation between the urine TN‑C concentration and the tumor grade, stage and time from bladder cancer diagnosis to recurrence was analyzed by a rank correlation analysis. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression was used for finding the main life‑threatening factors among age, gender, tumor grade, stage, relapse and the urine TN‑C concentration. At the end, the Kaplan‑Meier method was used to evaluate the survival rate affected by urine TN‑C as a single factor. The results indicated that the urine TN‑C concentration in the bladder cancer patients was higher compared with the healthy control volunteers (22.5 times higher). Among all the patients, urine TN‑C concentration had a positive correlation with the bladder cancer grade and stage, with correlation coefficients of 0.905 and 0.308, respectively; however, this correlation was negative between urine TN‑C concentration and the time from bladder cancer diagnosis to recurrence. Moreover, the multivariate Cox proportional hazards model analysis indicated that urine TN‑C, like tumor grade and recurrence, may be an independent risk factor for bladder cancer patient survival. However, it is noteworthy that inflammation may affect the concentration of urine TN‑C. The results of the present study indicate that urine TN‑C may be used as a biomarker for monitoring the recurrence of bladder cancer in patients and for predicting its prognosis. However, inflammation of the urinary tract should be excluded first.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfeng Guan
- Oncology Research Lab, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Jin Zeng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second People's Hospital of Yinchuan City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, P.R. China
| | - Hongjun Xie
- Oncology Research Lab, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Chuan Lv
- Oncology Research Lab, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Zhenkun Ma
- Oncology Research Lab, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Shan Xu
- Oncology Research Lab, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Xinyang Wang
- Oncology Research Lab, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Dalin He
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
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33
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Lorenzi T, Lorenzi M, Altobelli E, Marzioni D, Mensà E, Quaranta A, Paolinelli F, Morroni M, Mazzucchelli R, De Luca A, Procopio AD, Baldi A, Muzzonigro G, Montironi R, Castellucci M. HtrA1 in human urothelial bladder cancer: a secreted protein and a potential novel biomarker. Int J Cancer 2013; 133:2650-61. [PMID: 23712470 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Our aim was to analyze the expression of the serine protease HtrA1 in human bladder tissue and urine in order to point out its possible association with the presence of urothelial bladder cancer. Bladder tissue and urine specimens from cancer patients with different tumor grades and stages (n = 68) and from individuals with cystitis (n = 16) were collected along with biopsy specimens and urine from healthy individuals (n = 68). For the first time, we demonstrated by immunohistochemistry that HtrA1 protein is produced by bladder urothelium in both physiological and inflammatory conditions, whereas it is not detectable in urothelial cancer cells regardless of tumor grade and stage. A different HtrA1 expression between normal-looking and neoplastic bladder tissue, despite similar HtrA1 mRNA levels, was also found by western blotting, which disclosed the presence of two forms of HtrA1, a native form of ∼50 kDa and an autocatalytic form of ∼38 kDa. Our investigations documented the presence of the two forms of HtrA1 also in urine. The ∼38 kDa form was significantly down-regulated in neoplastic tissue, whereas significantly higher amounts of both HtrA1 forms were found in urine from cancer patients compared with both healthy subjects and patients with cystitis. Our findings suggest that HtrA1 is a downexpressed molecule since an early stage of bladder urothelial carcinoma development and that urinary HtrA1 protein may be considered, if successfully validated, as an early and highly sensitive and specific biomarker for this neoplasia (the sensitivity and specificity of HtrA1 are 92.65% and 95.59%, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Lorenzi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Tronto 10/a, Ancona, 60020, Italy
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Frantzi M, Zoidakis J, Papadopoulos T, Zürbig P, Katafigiotis I, Stravodimos K, Lazaris A, Giannopoulou I, Ploumidis A, Mischak H, Mullen W, Vlahou A. IMAC fractionation in combination with LC-MS reveals H2B and NIF-1 peptides as potential bladder cancer biomarkers. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:3969-79. [PMID: 23924207 DOI: 10.1021/pr400255h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Improvement in bladder cancer (BC) management requires more effective diagnosis and prognosis of disease recurrence and progression. Urinary biomarkers attract special interest because of the noninvasive means of urine collection. Proteomic analysis of urine entails the adoption of a fractionation methodology to reduce sample complexity. In this study, we applied immobilized metal affinity chromatography in combination with high-resolution LC-MS/MS for the discovery of native urinary peptides potentially associated with BC aggressiveness. This approach was employed toward urine samples from patients with invasive BC, noninvasive BC, and benign urogenital diseases. A total of 1845 peptides were identified, corresponding to a total of 638 precursor proteins. Specific enrichment for proteins involved in nucleosome assembly and for zinc-finger transcription factors was observed. The differential expression of two candidate biomarkers, histone H2B and NIF-1 (zinc finger 335) in BC, was verified in independent sets of urine samples by ELISA and by immunohistochemical analysis of BC tissue. The results collectively support changes in the expression of both of these proteins with tumor progression, suggesting their potential role as markers for discriminating BC stages. In addition, the data indicate a possible involvement of NIF-1 in BC progression, likely as a suppressor and through interactions with Sox9 and HoxA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Frantzi
- Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
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35
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Lee JH. Clinical Usefulness of Serum CYFRA 21-1 in Patients with Colorectal Cancer. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2013; 47:181-7. [PMID: 24900105 DOI: 10.1007/s13139-013-0218-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Among diverse tumor markers, pretreatment evaluation and follow-up detection of recurrence in colorectal cancer are generally evaluated by serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels. However, there have been some reports about the low accuracy and high false-positive results of CEA in colorectal cancer. We investigated the clinical utilities of CYFRA 21-1 by comparing CEA and cancer antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) in pretreatment and recurrent colorectal cancer. METHODS Using a solid-phase immunoradiometric assay, serum levels of CYFRA 21-1, CEA and CA 19-9 were analyzed in 132 patients with primary colorectal cancer, 124 healthy controls, 104 patients with benign colorectal disease and 19 patients with recurrent colorectal cancer. We determined three different cutoff values to evaluate the sensitivity of diagnostic performance in pretreatment and recurrent colorectal cancer. RESULTS CYFRA 21-1 (≥ 1.13 ng/ml) had a sensitivity of 47 %, compared with 37 % for CEA (≥ 3.05 ng/ml) and 32.6 % for CA 19-9 (≥ 23.1 ng/ml) in the initial staging of primary colorectal cancer. Using different cutoff values, CYFRA 21-1 showed higher sensitivity for pretreatment colorectal cancer than CEA and CA 19-9 in adenocarcinoma and adenosquamous carcinoma of this study. A mildly significant correlative relationship was noted between Dukes' stages and three tumor markers (p < 0.01). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves of CYFRA 21-1, CEA and CA 19-9 were 0.81 ± 0.03, 0.74 ± 0.03 and 0.62 ± 0.04, respectively, for discriminating colorectal cancer patients from patients with benign colorectal disease. In addition, CYFRA 21-1 was determined as the most sensitive tumor marker for evaluating recurrent colorectal cancer for all cutoff values. CONCLUSION This study showed that CYFRA 21-1 could be a useful and dependable tumor marker for pretreatment and recurrent colorectal cancer. Further prospective studies on its usefulness with respect to the prognosis and utility of combined tumor markers are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jai Hyuen Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Dankook University Medical College, Dongnam-ku, Anseo-dong, Cheonan, 330-715 Republic of Korea
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Zhang H, Li G, Liao L, Mao H, Jin Q, Zhao J. Direct detection of cancer biomarkers in blood using a "place n play" modular polydimethylsiloxane pump. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2013; 7:34105. [PMID: 24404025 PMCID: PMC3676392 DOI: 10.1063/1.4807803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Cancer biomarkers have significant potential as reliable tools for the early detection of the disease and for monitoring its recurrence. However, most current methods for biomarker detection have technical difficulties (such as sample preparation and specific detector requirements) which limit their application in point of care diagnostics. We developed an extremely simple, power-free microfluidic system for direct detection of cancer biomarkers in microliter volumes of whole blood. CEA and CYFRA21-1 were chosen as model cancer biomarkers. The system automatically extracted blood plasma from less than 3 μl of whole blood and performed a multiplex sample-to-answer assay (nano-ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) technique) without the use of external power or extra components. By taking advantage of the nano-ELISA technique, this microfluidic system detected CEA at a concentration of 50 pg/ml and CYFRA21-1 at a concentration of 60 pg/ml within 60 min. The combination of PnP polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) pump and nano-ELISA technique in a single microchip system shows great promise for the detection of cancer biomarkers in a drop of blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changning Road 865, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Gang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changning Road 865, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Lingying Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changning Road 865, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Hongju Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changning Road 865, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Qinghui Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changning Road 865, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Jianlong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changning Road 865, Shanghai 200050, China
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