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Gomila Pelegri N, Stanczak AM, Bottomley AL, Milthorpe BK, Gorrie CA, Padula MP, Santos J. Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Spontaneously Express Neural Markers When Grown in a PEG-Based 3D Matrix. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12139. [PMID: 37569515 PMCID: PMC10418654 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological diseases are among the leading causes of disability and death worldwide and remain difficult to treat. Tissue engineering offers avenues to test potential treatments; however, the development of biologically accurate models of brain tissues remains challenging. Given their neurogenic potential and availability, adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are of interest for creating neural models. While progress has been made in differentiating ADSCs into neural cells, their differentiation in 3D environments, which are more representative of the in vivo physiological conditions of the nervous system, is crucial. This can be achieved by modulating the 3D matrix composition and stiffness. Human ADSCs were cultured for 14 days in a 1.1 kPa polyethylene glycol-based 3D hydrogel matrix to assess effects on cell morphology, cell viability, proteome changes and spontaneous neural differentiation. Results showed that cells continued to proliferate over the 14-day period and presented a different morphology to 2D cultures, with the cells elongating and aligning with one another. The proteome analysis revealed 439 proteins changed in abundance by >1.5 fold. Cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNPase) markers were identified using immunocytochemistry and confirmed with proteomics. Findings indicate that ADSCs spontaneously increase neural marker expression when grown in an environment with similar mechanical properties to the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neus Gomila Pelegri
- Advanced Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Biology Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; (N.G.P.); (B.K.M.)
- Neural Injury Research Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia;
| | - Aleksandra M. Stanczak
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; (A.M.S.); (M.P.P.)
| | - Amy L. Bottomley
- Microbial Imaging Facility, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia;
| | - Bruce K. Milthorpe
- Advanced Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Biology Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; (N.G.P.); (B.K.M.)
| | - Catherine A. Gorrie
- Neural Injury Research Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia;
| | - Matthew P. Padula
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; (A.M.S.); (M.P.P.)
| | - Jerran Santos
- Advanced Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Biology Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; (N.G.P.); (B.K.M.)
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2
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Li Q, Kang X, Liu L, Xiao Y, Xu D, Zhuang H, Liu H, Zhao J, Zou H, Yang J, Zhan X, Li T, Wang X, Liu L. Adult mice with noise-induced hearing loss exhibited temporal ordering memory deficits accompanied by microglia-associated neuroplastic changes in the medial prefrontal cortex. Neurobiol Dis 2023:106181. [PMID: 37271287 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acquired peripheral hearing loss in midlife is considered the primary modifiable risk factor for dementia, while the underlying pathological mechanism remains poorly understood. Excessive noise exposure is the most common cause of acquired peripheral hearing loss in modern society. This study was designed to investigate the impact of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) on cognition, with a focus on the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), a brain region that is involved in both auditory and cognitive processes and is highly affected in patients with cognitive impairment. Adult C57BL/6 J mice were randomly assigned to a control group and seven noise groups: 0HPN, 12HPN, 1DPN, 3DPN, 7DPN, 14DPN, and 28DPN, which were exposed to broadband noise at a 123 dB sound pressure level (SPL) for 2 h and sacrificed immediately (0 h), 12 h, or 1, 3, 7, 14, or 28 days post-noise exposure (HPN, DPN), respectively. Hearing assessment, behavioral tests, and neuromorphological studies in the mPFC were performed in control and 28DPN mice. All experimental animals were included in the time-course analysis of serum corticosterone (CORT) levels and mPFC microglial morphology. The results illustrated that noise exposure induced early-onset transient serum CORT elevation and permanent moderate-to-severe hearing loss in mice. 28DPN mice, in which permanent NIHL has been verified, exhibited impaired performance in temporal order object recognition tasks concomitant with reduced structural complexity of mPFC pyramidal neurons. The time-course immunohistochemical analysis in the mPFC revealed significantly higher morphological microglial activation at 14 and 28 DPN, preceded by a remarkably higher amount of microglial engulfed postsynaptic marker PSD95 at 7 DPN. Additionally, lipid accumulation in microglia was observed in 7DPN, 14DPN and 28DPN mice, suggesting a driving role of lipid handling deficits following excessive phagocytosis of synaptic elements in delayed and sustained microglial abnormalities. These findings provide fundamentally novel information concerning mPFC-related cognitive impairment in mice with NIHL and empirical evidence suggesting the involvement of microglial malfunction in the mPFC neurodegenerative consequences of NIHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaomin Kang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Linchen Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yu Xiao
- Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Dan Xu
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hong Zhuang
- Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Haiqing Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Jingyi Zhao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Han Zou
- Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jianing Yang
- Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xindi Zhan
- Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Tianxiao Li
- Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xinchen Wang
- Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lijie Liu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Beyond Moco Biosynthesis-Moonlighting Roles of MoaE and MOCS2. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27123733. [PMID: 35744859 PMCID: PMC9228816 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Molybdenum cofactor (Moco) biosynthesis requires iron, copper, and ATP. The Moco-containing enzyme sulfite oxidase catalyzes terminal oxidation in oxidative cysteine catabolism, and another Moco-containing enzyme, xanthine dehydrogenase, functions in purine catabolism. Thus, molybdenum enzymes participate in metabolic pathways that are essential for cellular detoxication and energy dynamics. Studies of the Moco biosynthetic enzymes MoaE (in the Ada2a-containing (ATAC) histone acetyltransferase complex) and MOCS2 have revealed that Moco biosynthesis and molybdenum enzymes align to regulate signaling and metabolism via control of transcription and translation. Disruption of these functions is involved in the onset of dementia and neurodegenerative disease. This review provides an overview of the roles of MoaE and MOCS2 in normal cellular processes and neurodegenerative disease, as well as directions for future research.
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Guo G, Kang L, Geng D, Han S, Li S, Du J, Wang C, Cui H. Testosterone modulates structural synaptic plasticity of primary cultured hippocampal neurons through ERK - CREB signalling pathways. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 503:110671. [PMID: 31805308 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Although hippocampus-derived androgens play an important role in hippocampal synaptic plasticity, studies at the cellular level have received relatively less attention. Furthermore, the underlying signalling pathways associated with synaptic plasticity remain unclear. Results of the present study demonstrated that testosterone treatment of primary cultured rat hippocampal neurons resulted in a rapid increase in spine density, accompanied by the elevation of protein and messenger RNA levels of synaptophysin, developmentally regulated brain protein (Drebrin), and the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor NR1 subunit. Testosterone treatment also increased the phosphorylation levels of extracellular-regulated protein kinase (ERK)1/2 and cAMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB), rather than p38 and Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). U0126 significantly reversed the testosterone-mediated phosphorylation of CREB. Importantly, the increase in spine density was not induced by testosterone under U0126 treatment. These findings suggest that the ERK1/2-CREB signalling pathway plays an important role in testosterone-mediated rapid spinogenesis of cultured rat hippocampal neurons. Results of this study will be helpful in further clarifying the physiological function of testosterone and related signalling pathways in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxin Guo
- Department of Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lin Kang
- Department of Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Dandan Geng
- Department of Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shuo Han
- Department of Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Sha Li
- Department of Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Human Brain Bank, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Human Brain Bank, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chang Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Huixian Cui
- Department of Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Human Brain Bank, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
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5
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He JT, LI XY, Yang L, Zhao X. Astroglial connexins and cognition: memory formation or deterioration? Biosci Rep 2020; 40:BSR20193510. [PMID: 31868207 PMCID: PMC6954363 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20193510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Connexins are the membrane proteins that form high-conductance plasma membrane channels and are the important constituents of gap junctions and hemichannels. Among different types of connexins, connexin 43 is the most widely expressed and studied gap junction proteins in astrocytes. Due to the key involvement of astrocytes in memory impairment and abundant expression of connexins in astrocytes, astroglial connexins have been projected as key therapeutic targets for Alzheimer's disease. On the other hand, the role of connexin gap junctions and hemichannels in memory formation and consolidation has also been reported. Moreover, deletion of these proteins and loss of gap junction communication result in loss of short-term spatial memory. Accordingly, both memory formation and memory deteriorating functions of astrocytes-located connexins have been documented. Physiologically expressed connexins may be involved in the memory formation, while pathologically increased expression of connexins with consequent excessive activation of astrocytes may induce neuronal injury and cognitive decline. The present review describes the memory formation as well as memory deteriorating functions of astroglial connexins in memory disorders of different etiology with possible mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ting He
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xiao-Yan LI
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Le Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The People’s Hospital of Jilin Province, Changchun 130031, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Paediatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
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6
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Vitamin D in Synaptic Plasticity, Cognitive Function, and Neuropsychiatric Illness. Trends Neurosci 2019; 42:293-306. [PMID: 30795846 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Over a billion people worldwide are affected by vitamin D deficiency. Although vitamin D deficiency is associated with impaired cognition, the mechanisms mediating this link are poorly understood. The extracellular matrix (ECM) has now emerged as an important participant of synaptic plasticity and a new hypothesis is that vitamin D may interact with aggregates of the ECM, perineuronal nets (PNNs), to regulate brain plasticity. Dysregulation of PNNs caused by vitamin D deficiency may contribute to the presentation of cognitive deficits. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underpinning the role of vitamin D in brain plasticity and cognition could help identify ways to treat cognitive symptoms in schizophrenia and other neuropsychiatric conditions.
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7
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Ginosyan AA, Grintsevich EE, Reisler E. Neuronal drebrin A directly interacts with mDia2 formin to inhibit actin assembly. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 30:646-657. [PMID: 30625038 PMCID: PMC6589693 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-10-0639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic spines (DS) are actin-rich postsynaptic terminals of neurons that are critical for higher-order brain functions. Maturation of DS is accompanied by a change in actin architecture from linear to branched filamentous structures. Presumably, the underlying cause of this is a switch in a mode of actin assembly from formin-driven to Arp2/3-mediated via an undefined mechanism. Here we present data suggesting that neuron-specific actin-binding drebrin A may be a part of such a switch. It is well documented that DS are highly enriched in drebrin A, which is critical for their plasticity and function. At the same time, mDia2 is known to mediate the formation of filopodia-type (immature) spines. We found that neuronal drebrin A directly interacts with mDia2 formin. Drebrin inhibits formin-mediated nucleation of actin and abolishes mDia2-induced actin bundling. Using truncated protein constructs we identified the domain requirements for drebrin–mDia2 interaction. We hypothesize that accumulation of drebrin A in DS (that coincides with spine maturation) leads to inhibition of mDia2-driven actin polymerization and, therefore, may contribute to a change in actin architecture from linear to branched filaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anush A Ginosyan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Elena E Grintsevich
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Emil Reisler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095.,Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
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8
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Suganuma T, Swanson SK, Gogol M, Garrett TJ, Conkright-Fincham J, Florens L, Washburn MP, Workman JL. MPTAC Determines APP Fragmentation via Sensing Sulfur Amino Acid Catabolism. Cell Rep 2018; 24:1585-1596. [PMID: 30089268 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic disorder has been suggested to underlie Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the decisive molecular linkages remain unclear. We discovered that human Molybdopterin Synthase Associating Complex, MPTAC, promotes sulfur amino acid catabolism to prevent oxidative damage from excess sulfur amino acids, which, in turn, advances fatty acid oxidation and acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) synthesis. The association of MPTAC with Protein arginine (R) Methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) complex and small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (SNRP) splicing factors enables SNRPs to sense metabolic states through their methylation. This promotes the splicing fidelity of amyloid precursor protein (APP) pre-mRNA and proper APP fragmentation, abnormalities of which have been observed in the platelets of AD patients. The functions of MPTAC are crucial to maintain expression of drebrin 1, which is required for synaptic plasticity, through prevention from oxidative damage. Thus, adjustment of sulfur amino acid catabolism by MPTAC prevents events that occur early in the onset of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamaki Suganuma
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 E. 50th Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA.
| | - Selene K Swanson
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 E. 50th Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Madelaine Gogol
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 E. 50th Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Timothy J Garrett
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, College of Medicine, P.O. Box 100275, Gainesville, FL 32610-0275, USA
| | | | - Laurence Florens
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 E. 50th Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Michael P Washburn
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 E. 50th Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Jerry L Workman
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 E. 50th Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
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Hua K, Ferland RJ. Primary Cilia Reconsidered in the Context of Ciliopathies: Extraciliary and Ciliary Functions of Cilia Proteins Converge on a Polarity theme? Bioessays 2018; 40:e1700132. [PMID: 29882973 PMCID: PMC6239423 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201700132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Once dismissed as vestigial organelles, primary cilia have garnered the interest of scientists, given their importance in development/signaling, and for their implication in a new disease category known as ciliopathies. However, many, if not all, "cilia" proteins also have locations/functions outside of the primary cilium. These extraciliary functions can complicate the interpretation of a particular ciliopathy phenotype: it may be a result of defects at the cilium and/or at extraciliary locations, and it could be broadly related to a unifying cellular process for these proteins, such as polarity. Assembly of a cilium has many similarities to the development of other polarized structures. This evolutionarily preserved process for the assembly of polarized cell structures offers a perspective on how the cilium may have evolved. We hypothesize that cilia proteins are critical for cell polarity, and that core polarity proteins may have been specialized to form various cellular protrusions, including primary cilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiet Hua
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA, 12208
| | - Russell J Ferland
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA, 12208
- Department of Neurology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA, 12208
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10
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Tai LM, Balu D, Avila-Munoz E, Abdullah L, Thomas R, Collins N, Valencia-Olvera AC, LaDu MJ. EFAD transgenic mice as a human APOE relevant preclinical model of Alzheimer's disease. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:1733-1755. [PMID: 28389477 PMCID: PMC5580905 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r076315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Identified in 1993, APOE4 is the greatest genetic risk factor for sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD), increasing risk up to 15-fold compared with APOE3, with APOE2 decreasing AD risk. However, the functional effects of APOE4 on AD pathology remain unclear and, in some cases, controversial. In vivo progress to understand how the human (h)-APOE genotypes affect AD pathology has been limited by the lack of a tractable familial AD-transgenic (FAD-Tg) mouse model expressing h-APOE rather than mouse (m)-APOE. The disparity between m- and h-apoE is relevant for virtually every AD-relevant pathway, including amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition and clearance, neuroinflammation, tau pathology, neural plasticity and cerebrovascular deficits. EFAD mice were designed as a temporally useful preclinical FAD-Tg-mouse model expressing the h-APOE genotypes for identifying mechanisms underlying APOE-modulated symptoms of AD pathology. From their first description in 2012, EFAD mice have enabled critical basic and therapeutic research. Here we review insights gleaned from the EFAD mice and summarize future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon M Tai
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Deebika Balu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Evangelina Avila-Munoz
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | | | - Riya Thomas
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Nicole Collins
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | | | - Mary Jo LaDu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612.
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11
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Daugherty D, Goldberg J, Fischer W, Dargusch R, Maher P, Schubert D. A novel Alzheimer's disease drug candidate targeting inflammation and fatty acid metabolism. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2017; 9:50. [PMID: 28709449 PMCID: PMC5513091 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-017-0277-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background CAD-31 is an Alzheimer’s disease (AD) drug candidate that was selected on the basis of its ability to stimulate the replication of human embryonic stem cell-derived neural precursor cells as well as in APPswe/PS1ΔE9 AD mice. To move CAD-31 toward the clinic, experiments were undertaken to determine its neuroprotective and pharmacological properties, as well as to assay its therapeutic efficacy in a rigorous mouse model of AD. Results CAD-31 has potent neuroprotective properties in six distinct nerve cell assays that mimic toxicities observed in the old brain. Pharmacological and preliminary toxicological studies show that CAD-31 is brain-penetrant and likely safe. When fed to old, symptomatic APPswe/PS1ΔE9 AD mice starting at 10 months of age for 3 additional months in a therapeutic model of the disease, there was a reduction in the memory deficit and brain inflammation, as well as an increase in the expression of synaptic proteins. Small-molecule metabolic data from the brain and plasma showed that the major effect of CAD-31 is centered on fatty acid metabolism and inflammation. Pathway analysis of gene expression data showed that CAD-31 had major effects on synapse formation and AD energy metabolic pathways. Conclusions All of the multiple physiological effects of CAD-31 were favorable in the context of preventing some of the toxic events in old age-associated neurodegenerative diseases. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13195-017-0277-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Daugherty
- Cellular Neuroendocrinology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037-1002, USA
| | - Joshua Goldberg
- Cellular Neuroendocrinology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037-1002, USA
| | - Wolfgang Fischer
- Cellular Neuroendocrinology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037-1002, USA
| | - Richard Dargusch
- Cellular Neuroendocrinology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037-1002, USA
| | - Pamela Maher
- Cellular Neuroendocrinology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037-1002, USA
| | - David Schubert
- Cellular Neuroendocrinology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037-1002, USA.
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12
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Cho C, MacDonald R, Shang J, Cho MJ, Chalifour LE, Paudel HK. Early growth response-1-mediated down-regulation of drebrin correlates with loss of dendritic spines. J Neurochem 2017; 142:56-73. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chulmin Cho
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery; McGill University; Montreal Quebec Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research; Jewish General Hospital; Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Ryen MacDonald
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery; McGill University; Montreal Quebec Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research; Jewish General Hospital; Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Jijun Shang
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research; Jewish General Hospital; Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Moon Jeong Cho
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery; McGill University; Montreal Quebec Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research; Jewish General Hospital; Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Lorraine E. Chalifour
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research; Jewish General Hospital; Montreal Quebec Canada
- Department of Medicine; McGill University; Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Hemant K. Paudel
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery; McGill University; Montreal Quebec Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research; Jewish General Hospital; Montreal Quebec Canada
- Department of Medicine; McGill University; Montreal Quebec Canada
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13
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Shirao T, Hanamura K, Koganezawa N, Ishizuka Y, Yamazaki H, Sekino Y. The role of drebrin in neurons. J Neurochem 2017; 141:819-834. [PMID: 28199019 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Drebrin is an actin-binding protein that changes the helical pitch of actin filaments (F-actin), and drebrin-decorated F-actin shows slow treadmilling and decreased rate of depolymerization. Moreover, the characteristic morphology of drebrin-decorated F-actin enables it to respond differently to the same signals from other actin cytoskeletons. Drebrin consists of two major isoforms, drebrin E and drebrin A. In the developing brain, drebrin E appears in migrating neurons and accumulates in the growth cones of axons and dendrites. Drebrin E-decorated F-actin links lamellipodium F-actin to microtubules in the growth cones. Then drebrin A appears at nascent synapses and drebrin A-decorated F-actin facilitates postsynaptic molecular assembly. In the adult brain, drebrin A-decorated F-actin is concentrated in the central region of dendritic spines. During long-term potentiation initiation, NMDA receptor-mediated Ca2+ influx induces the transient exodus of drebrin A-decorated F-actin via myosin II ATPase activation. Because of the unique physical characteristics of drebrin A-decorated F-actin, this exodus likely contributes to the facilitation of F-actin polymerization and spine enlargement. Additionally, drebrin reaccumulation in dendritic spines is observed after the exodus. In our drebrin exodus model of structure-based synaptic plasticity, reestablishment of drebrin A-decorated F-actin is necessary to keep the enlarged spine size during long-term potentiation maintenance. In this review, we introduce the genetic and biochemical properties of drebrin and the roles of drebrin in early stage of brain development, synaptic formation and synaptic plasticity. Further, we discuss the pathological relevance of drebrin loss in Alzheimer's disease. This article is part of the mini review series "60th Anniversary of the Japanese Society for Neurochemistry".
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Shirao
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Kenji Hanamura
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Noriko Koganezawa
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yuta Ishizuka
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamazaki
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yuko Sekino
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan.,Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
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Li S, Yan Y, Jiao Y, Gao Z, Xia Y, Kong L, Yao Y, Tao Z, Song J, Yan Y, Zhang G, Yang J. Neuroprotective Effect of Osthole on Neuron Synapses in an Alzheimer's Disease Cell Model via Upregulation of MicroRNA-9. J Mol Neurosci 2016; 60:71-81. [PMID: 27394443 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-016-0793-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) in the brain plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). It has been reported that osthole exerts its neuroprotective effect on neuronal synapses, but its exact mechanism is obscure. Recently, microRNAs have been demonstrated to play a crucial role in inducing synaptotoxicity by Aβ, implying that targeting microRNAs could be a therapeutic approach of AD. In the present study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of osthole on a cell model of AD by transducing APP695 Swedish mutant (APP695swe, APP) into mouse cortical neurons and human SH-SY5Y cells. In this study, the cell counting kit CCK-8, apoptosis assay, immunofluorescence analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot assay were used. We found that osthole could enhance cell viability, prevent cell death, and reverse the reduction of synaptic proteins (synapsin-1, synaptophysin, and postsynaptic density-95) in APP-overexpressed cells, which was attributed to increases in microRNA-9 (miR-9) expression and subsequent decreases in CAMKK2 and p-AMPKα expressions. These results demonstrated that osthole plays a neuroprotective activity role in part through upregulating miR-9 in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoheng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, Liaoning, 116600, China
| | - Yuhui Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, Liaoning, 116600, China
| | - Yanan Jiao
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, Liaoning, 116600, China
| | - Zhong Gao
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, Liaoning, 116033, China
| | - Yang Xia
- Department of Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3LZ, UK
| | - Liang Kong
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, Liaoning, 116600, China
| | - Yingjia Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, Liaoning, 116600, China
| | - Zhenyu Tao
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, Liaoning, 116600, China
| | - Jie Song
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, Liaoning, 116600, China
| | - Yaping Yan
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Guangxian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Jingxian Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, Liaoning, 116600, China.
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