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Zhou QF, Lu QY, Dai Y, Chen QJ, He XS, Chen S, Zhao JT, Zhang FR, Lu L, Yang F. The value of phenylalanine in predicting atrial fibrillation risk in chronic heart failure. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1392548. [PMID: 39228663 PMCID: PMC11368762 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1392548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common complication of chronic heart failure (HF). Serum phenylalanine (Phe) levels are related to inflammation disorder. It is meaningful to study the circulating Phe with AF occurrence in HF. Methods The cross-sectional study recruited 300 patients (78.0% male; mean age, 65 ± 13 years) with HF (left ventricular ejection fraction of ≤50%, containing 70 AF patients) and 100 normal controls. Serum Phe value was measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to measure the association between Phe and AF risk in HF. The association between Phe and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) was assessed by simple correlation analysis. In the prospective study, the 274 HF subjects (76.6% male; mean age, 65 ± 13 years) were followed up for a mean year (10.99 ± 3.00 months). Results Serum Phe levels increased across the control, the HF without AF, and the HF with AF groups (77.60 ± 8.67 umol/L vs. 95.24 ± 28.58 umol/L vs. 102.90 ± 30.43 umol/L, ANOVA P < 0.001). Serum Phe value was the independent risk factor for predicting AF in HF [odds ratio (OR), 1.640; 95% CI: 1.150-2.339; P = 0.006]. Phe levels were correlated positively with hsCRP value in HF patients with AF (r = 0.577, P < 0.001). The elevated Phe levels were associated with a higher risk of HF endpoint events in HF patients with AF (log-rank P = 0.005). Conclusions In HF with AF subjects, elevated Phe value confers an increased risk for prediction AF and was more related to poor HF endpoint events. Phe can be a valuable index of AF in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Fen Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiu-Ya Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Dai
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiu-Jing Chen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Shuang He
- Department of Pharmacy, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Tao Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng-Ru Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Lu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Wang T, Zhang Y, Jia L, Li Y, Wang L, Zhu Y, Jiang Y, Zhao F, Wang S, Song D. LC-MS/MS-based bioanalysis of branched-chain and aromatic amino acids in human serum. Bioanalysis 2024; 16:693-704. [PMID: 39157863 PMCID: PMC11389736 DOI: 10.1080/17576180.2024.2387467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and aromatic amino acids (AAAs) were suggested as potential biomarkers in liver disease. This study aimed to develop and validate a simple and rapid LC-MS/MS method to simultaneously measure serum BCAAs and AAAs levels in patients with liver injury, and further establish reference intervals of Chinese healthy adult populations.Patients & methods: Samples were prepared by a one-step protein precipitation and analysis time was 4 min per run.Results: The validation results showed good linearity (r2 >0.9969), satisfactory accuracy (94.44% - 107.75%) and precision (0.10% - 5.90%).Conclusion: This method proved to be suitable for high-throughput routine clinical use and could be a valuable adjunct diagnosis tool for liver injury and other clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Wang
- Department of GCP, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yalian Zhang
- Dalian Boyuan Medical Technology Co. Ltd, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Luan Jia
- Dalian Boyuan Medical Technology Co. Ltd, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Ying Li
- Dalian Boyuan Medical Technology Co. Ltd, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Lu Wang
- Dalian Boyuan Medical Technology Co. Ltd, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Yanru Zhu
- Dalian Boyuan Medical Technology Co. Ltd, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Yuxin Jiang
- Dalian Boyuan Medical Technology Co. Ltd, Dalian, P.R. China
- Dalian Runsheng Kangtai Medical Lab Co. Ltd, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Furong Zhao
- Dalian Boyuan Medical Technology Co. Ltd, Dalian, P.R. China
- Dalian Runsheng Kangtai Medical Lab Co. Ltd, Dalian, P.R. China
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Oncology Metabonomics, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Dan Song
- Dalian Boyuan Medical Technology Co. Ltd, Dalian, P.R. China
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Oncology Metabonomics, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, P.R. China
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Kipura T, Hotze M, Hofer A, Egger AS, Timpen LE, Opitz CA, Townsend PA, Gethings LA, Thedieck K, Kwiatkowski M. Automated Liquid Handling Extraction and Rapid Quantification of Underivatized Amino Acids and Tryptophan Metabolites from Human Serum and Plasma Using Dual-Column U(H)PLC-MRM-MS and Its Application to Prostate Cancer Study. Metabolites 2024; 14:370. [PMID: 39057693 PMCID: PMC11279291 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14070370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Amino acids (AAs) and their metabolites are important building blocks, energy sources, and signaling molecules associated with various pathological phenotypes. The quantification of AA and tryptophan (TRP) metabolites in human serum and plasma is therefore of great diagnostic interest. Therefore, robust, reproducible sample extraction and processing workflows as well as rapid, sensitive absolute quantification are required to identify candidate biomarkers and to improve screening methods. We developed a validated semi-automated robotic liquid extraction and processing workflow and a rapid method for absolute quantification of 20 free, underivatized AAs and six TRP metabolites using dual-column U(H)PLC-MRM-MS. The extraction and sample preparation workflow in a 96-well plate was optimized for robust, reproducible high sample throughput allowing for transfer of samples to the U(H)PLC autosampler directly without additional cleanup steps. The U(H)PLC-MRM-MS method, using a mixed-mode reversed-phase anion exchange column with formic acid and a high-strength silica reversed-phase column with difluoro-acetic acid as mobile phase additive, provided absolute quantification with nanomolar lower limits of quantification within 7.9 min. The semi-automated extraction workflow and dual-column U(H)PLC-MRM-MS method was applied to a human prostate cancer study and was shown to discriminate between treatment regimens and to identify metabolites responsible for discriminating between healthy controls and patients on active surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Kipura
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Madlen Hotze
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alexa Hofer
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anna-Sophia Egger
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lea E. Timpen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christiane A. Opitz
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Metabolic Crosstalk in Cancer and the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), DKFZ Core Center Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paul A. Townsend
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Manchester Cancer Research Center, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Center, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Lee A. Gethings
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
- Waters Corporation, Wilmslow SK9 4AX, UK
| | - Kathrin Thedieck
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics, Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department Metabolism, Senescence and Autophagy, Research Center One Health Ruhr, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Marcel Kwiatkowski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Zhou QF, Yang F, Dai Y, Chen S, Zhang FR, Lu L, Lu QY. Tyrosine to threonine ratio was related to heart failure with reduced or mildly reduced ejection fraction. ESC Heart Fail 2024; 11:1567-1579. [PMID: 38361178 PMCID: PMC11098665 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS We aim to explore the associations between serum tyrosine (Tyr) to threonine (Thr) ratio and chronic heart failure (HF) with reduced or mildly reduced ejection fraction (EF) (HFrEF or HFmrEF). METHODS AND RESULTS The study recruited 418 subjects (77.5% males, mean age 65.2 ± 12.5 years), including 318 HF subjects (HFrEF or HFmrEF) and 100 cardiovascular subjects without acute or chronic HF [including heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF)] as controls. Serum levels of 21 kinds of amino acids (AAs) were measured by mass spectrometry. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to measuring the association between the AAs levels and the presence of HF. Event-free survival was determined by Kaplan-Meier curves and differences in survival were assessed using log-rank tests. Cox regression analysis was used to assess the prognostic value of AAs in HF. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve was performed to further confirm regression analysis. Along with the control, HFmrEF, and HFrEF subjects, serum tyrosine (Tyr) gradually increased (64.43 ± 15.28 μmol/L vs. 71.79 ± 18.74 μmol/L vs. 77.32 ± 25.90 μmol/L, P < 0.001) while serum threonine (Thr) decreased (165.21 ± 40.09 μmol/L vs. 144.93 ± 44.56 μmol/L vs. 135.25 ± 41.25 μmol/L, P < 0.001). Tyr/Thr ratio was the independent risk factor for the presence of HF in all subjects [odds ratio (OR), 3.510; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.445-5.040; P < 0.001]. After following up for a mean year (11.10 ± 2.80 months) in 269 HF subjects (75.1% males, mean age 65.2 ± 12.8 years), the higher Tyr/Thr ratio was associated with a higher risk of HF endpoint events in HF subjects [hazard ratio (HR), 2.901; 95% CI: 1.228-6.851; P = 0.015]. By comparing the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC), Tyr/Thr ratio was superior to Fischer's ratio (FR) in predicting HF occurrence (0.767:0.573, P < 0.001) or cardiovascular (CV) death (0.715:0.550, P = 0.047). CONCLUSIONS Circulating elevated Tyr/Thr ratio confer an increased risk for the presence of HF and poor prognosis. Tyr/Thr index outweighs FR index in predicting HF occurrence or CV death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Fen Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yang Dai
- Institution of Cardiovascular DiseaseShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Shuai Chen
- Institution of Cardiovascular DiseaseShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Feng Ru Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Lin Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Institution of Cardiovascular DiseaseShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Qiu Ya Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
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Zayed S, Belal F, Barghash S, Fouad F. Simultaneous determination of selected ionophoric coccidiostats and amino acids in feed premixes using high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection method. J Sep Sci 2024; 47:e2300761. [PMID: 38403454 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The combination of ionophoric coccidiostats and amino acids (AAs) is important in poultry feeding to enhance immunity and improve the growth and feed efficiency of birds suffering from coccidiosis. A simple, rapid, and economical high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV) method for the simultaneous determination of three ionophoric coccidiostats, namely salinomycin (SAL), maduramicin (MAD), and monensin (MON) in addition to three AAs; L-tryptophan (L-TRP), alpha-ketoleucin (KLEU), and L-valine (L-VAL) in feed premixes was developed and validated. Chromatographic separation was achieved in less than 12 min using a phenyl hexyl column with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile/methanol/water (25:20:55, v/v/v) adjusted to pH 3 using phosphoric acid. Isocratic elution was performed at a flow rate of 1 mL/min with UV detection at 210 nm. The method showed good linearity in the ranges 0.50-5.0 mg/mL for MON, 0.20-2.0 mg/mL for MAD and SAL, 10.0-100.0 μg/mL for L-TRP and KLEU, and 50.0-500.0 μg/mL for VAL. The developed method was successfully applied to determine the studied analytes in feed premixes with good recoveries and precision. The good validation criteria of the proposed method allow its utilization in quality control laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Zayed
- Unit of Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Fathalla Belal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Sona Barghash
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fatma Fouad
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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6
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Rabti H, Amrane M, Lalaouna A, Flilissa A, Benguerba Y. Optimization and validation of a bioanalytical HPLC-UV technique for simultaneous determination of underivatized phenylalanine and tyrosine in the blood for phenylketonuria diagnosis and monitoring. Biomed Chromatogr 2024; 38:e5758. [PMID: 37795814 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop a fast, accurate, and precise high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection method for simultaneous analysis of underivatized phenylalanine (Phe) and tyrosine (Tyr) in biological samples. Separation of the analytes was accomplished using a Discovery HS F5-3 column, which offered better retention and peak symmetry for the tested analytes. Chromatographic conditions were optimized using central composite experimental design, and three factors were investigated: the concentration of ammonium acetate (A), the acetonitrile proportion in the mobile phase (B) and the column oven temperature (C). The approach was verified using β-expectation tolerance intervals for total error measurement that did not exceed 15%. Optimal settings were A = 50 mm, B = 24% and C = 28°C. The method applicability was determined using human plasma from 75 volunteers. The limits of detection and quantification of the technique were satisfactory at 9 and 29 μm for Phe and 4 and 13 μm for Tyr. The mean analytical bias in spiking levels was acceptable, ranging from -1.649 to +1.659% for both substances, with RSD <5% in all instances. The suggested approach was successfully used to analyze Phe and Tyr in human blood samples and calculate the Phe/Tyr ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadjira Rabti
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases with Genetic and Nutritional Origin (LMCGN), Ferhat Abbas-Setif 1 University, Setif, Algeria
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Process Engineering, Salah Boubnider-Constantine 3 University, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Mounira Amrane
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases with Genetic and Nutritional Origin (LMCGN), Ferhat Abbas-Setif 1 University, Setif, Algeria
- Mokhtari Abdelghani Cancer Center, Elbez, Setif, Algeria
| | - Abdeldjalil Lalaouna
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Medicine, Salah Boubnider-Constantine 3 University, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Abdenacer Flilissa
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases with Genetic and Nutritional Origin (LMCGN), Ferhat Abbas-Setif 1 University, Setif, Algeria
| | - Yacine Benguerba
- Biopharmacy and Pharmatechnie Laboratory (LBPT), Ferhat ABBAS University- Setif 1, Setif, Algeria
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Németh K, Szatmári I, Tőkési V, Szabó PT. Application of Normal-Phase Silica Column in Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography Mode for Simultaneous Determination of Underivatized Amino Acids from Human Serum Samples via Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:9354-9367. [PMID: 38132432 PMCID: PMC10741747 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45120586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In neonatal screening, amino acids have a significant diagnostic role. Determination of their values may identify abnormal conditions. Early diagnosis and continuous monitoring of amino acid disorders results in a better disease outcome. An easy and simple LC-MS/MS method was developed for the quantitation of underivatized amino acids. Amino acids were separated using a normal-phase HPLC column having a totally porous silica stationary phase and using classical reversed-phase eluents. Mass spectrometry in multiple reaction monitoring mode was used for the analysis, providing high selectivity and sensitivity. A standard addition calibration model was applied for quantitation using only one isotope-labeled internal standard for all amino acids. Five calibration points were used for quantitation, and the method was successfully validated. The slopes of the calibration curves of the individual amino acids in parallel measurements were found to be similar. Since the measured slopes were reproducible, one serum sample could represent every series of serum samples of a given day. The method was tested on human serum samples and adequate results were obtained. This new method can be easily applied in clinical laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina Németh
- MS Metabolomics Research Laboratory, Centre for Structural Science, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Research Network, Magyar Tudósok Krt. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary;
- Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter u. 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Szatmári
- Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Bókay János u. 54, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Viktória Tőkési
- Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Bókay János u. 54, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Pál Tamás Szabó
- MS Metabolomics Research Laboratory, Centre for Structural Science, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Research Network, Magyar Tudósok Krt. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary;
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Tsiasioti A, Tzanavaras PD. Developments in on-line, post separation sample manipulation in the last 22 years: Pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 235:115654. [PMID: 37611457 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
On-line post separation sample manipulation is a powerful approach increasing the sensitivity and selectivity in chemical analysis. Post separation sample manipulation includes the treatment of the analytes after their separation through a suitable separation technique, mainly liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. Typically, post separation approaches include either the addition of a reagent/solvent to derivatize the analyte/enhance the sensitivity, pH change, or the conversion of the analyte through a photochemical/electrochemical system (reagent-free systems). This review focuses on the developed methods using post-column manipulation of sample with pharmaceuticals and biomedical applications, covering the period from 2000 to midle-2023. Chemistries combined with fluorescence, UV-vis and mass spectrometric detection are discussed employing both liquid chromatography and electrophoretic techniques for separation. Noteworthy instrumental modifications are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apostolia Tsiasioti
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Greece
| | - Paraskevas D Tzanavaras
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Greece.
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9
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Ferraro S, Cereda C, Zuccotti G, Marcovina S, Plebani M, Biganzoli EM. Striving for a pragmatic contribution of biomarkers results to lifelong health care. Clin Chem Lab Med 2023; 61:1395-1403. [PMID: 36798037 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2022-1294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increased role of preventive medicine in healthcare and the rapid technological advancements, have deeply changed the landscape of laboratory medicine. In particular, increased investments in newborn screening tests and policies have been observed. Aim of this paper is to characterize how laboratory professionals engaged in clinical chemistry or newborn screening, in collaboration with experts in econometric, bioinformatics, and biostatistics may address a pragmatic use of laboratory results in the decision-making process oriented toward improvement of health care outcomes. CONTENT The effectiveness of biomarkers on healthcare depends on several factors such as analytical performance, prevalence of the disease, integration of the test within the diagnostic algorithm, associated costs, and social/economic impact of false positive and false negative results. Cost-effectiveness analysis needs to be performed and reliability achieved, by overcoming analytical pitfalls and by improving interpretative criteria. These are challenging issues common to clinical chemistry and newborn screening tests. Following the experience in clinical chemistry, one of the main issues to be approached in newborn screening tests, is the lack of harmonization of results obtained by different methods and the limited healthcare effectiveness. SUMMARY The focus on prevention is a crucial opportunity for laboratory medicine to change how to approach the effectiveness of biomarkers on healthcare. The consolidation within clinical laboratories of professionals with different technical and methodological expertise coupled with the need to produce and manage large sets of data, require the cooperation of professionals from other disciplines to characterize the impact of the tests on epidemiological outcomes for health care policy making process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Ferraro
- Department of Pediatrics, Center of Functional Genomics and Rare Diseases, Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pediatrics, Center of Functional Genomics and Rare Diseases, Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Cereda
- Department of Pediatrics, Center of Functional Genomics and Rare Diseases, Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Mario Plebani
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Elia Mario Biganzoli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, Medical Statistics Unit, "Luigi Sacco" University Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Eid SM, Farag MA, Bawazeer S. Underivatized Amino Acid Chromatographic Separation: Optimized Conditions for HPLC-UV Simultaneous Quantification of Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Threonine, Histidine, Valine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Tryptophan, and Tyrosine in Dietary Supplements. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:31106-31114. [PMID: 36092579 PMCID: PMC9453785 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Amino acids (AAs) are considered as the building blocks of life. Unlike nonessential AAs, the human body cannot synthesize essential AAs and should be supplied in food or dietary supplements. The aim of the work is simultaneous HPLC-UV determination of 10 structurally related AAs without pre- or postderivatization in powdered dietary supplements (PDSs). This was challenging, especially because PDS has no standardized procedures for its quality control. HPLC-UV chromatograms of the 10 AAs were recorded using a gradient elution of the mobile phase on a CLC-C18 column at 225 nm. The elution started with 100% of phosphate buffer (pH 7.4, 10 mM) for 10 min; then, the concentration of acetonitrile increased linearly to reach 50% for another 15 min at room temperature. Good separation was achieved within a 25 min run time without pre- or postderivatization. The method was carefully validated according to the ICH guidelines over the linearity range of 100-200, 50-200, 20-150, 50-400, 20-250, 75-175, 50-250, 50-250, 50-300, and 5-100 μg/mL for l-lysine, l-threonine, l-histidine, l-valine, l-methionine, l-isoleucine, l-leucine, l-tyrosine, l-phenylalanine, and l-tryptophan, respectively, with mean recoveries ranges between 98.91 and 100.77. The method was found to be precise, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was found to be between 0.28 and 1.92 with recoveries between 97.91 and 101.11. The method was found to be robust that resists deliberate changes in pH, flow rate, and mobile-phase percentages. It was successfully applied for the analysis of PDSs. The proposed method could be very useful for the quality control of the 10 structurally related AAs during their synthesis and for testing raw materials and pharmaceutical preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif M. Eid
- Analytical
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, 6 October
City 12511, Giza, Egypt
- ,
| | - Mohamed A. Farag
- Pharmacognosy
Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Sami Bawazeer
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Umm Al-Qura University,
Faculty of Pharmacy, Makkah 21421, Saudi Arabia
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Jin Y, Xu M, Jin Y, Deng S, Tao N, Qiu W. Simultaneous Detection and Analysis of Free Amino Acids and Glutathione in Different Shrimp. Foods 2022; 11:foods11172599. [PMID: 36076785 PMCID: PMC9455249 DOI: 10.3390/foods11172599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
An amino acid analyzer method for the simultaneous determination of 20 free amino acids (FAAs) and glutathione (GSH) in Penaeus vannamei (PV), Penaeus vannamei, Penaeus hidulis (PH) and Penaeus japonicus (PJ) were developed. The effects of different concentrations of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) and ethanol on the extraction of free amino acids were investigated, and 120 g·L−1 TCA was found to be ideal. The target analytes were eluted in sodium citrate buffer B1 (pH = 3.3) containing 135 mL·L−1 ethanol and 1 mol·L−1 sodium hydroxide (7 mL) and at the optimizing conversion time of sodium citrate buffer B2 (pH = 3.2) and sodium citrate buffer B3 (pH = 4.0) of 5.6 min, and the effective separation was achieved within 29.5 min. The developed method showed good linearity (R2 ≥ 0.9991) in the range of 1–250 µg·mL−1 with good intra-day and inter-day precision (relative standard deviations ≤ 2.38%) and spike recovery (86.42–103.64%). GSH and cysteine were used to identify marine prawn and freshwater shrimp. Hydroxyproline and serine were used to distinguish PV and Macrobrachium nipponense (MN) from others, respectively. The highest content of the total FAAs was found in PV, and principal component analysis revealed that PV had the highest comprehensive score for FAAs and GSH. Arginine was found to have the greatest influence on shrimp flavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinzhe Jin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Minhua Xu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yingshan Jin
- College of Bioscience and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 277600, China
| | - Shanggui Deng
- College of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316000, China
| | - Ningping Tao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Correspondence: (N.T.); (W.Q.)
| | - Weiqiang Qiu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Correspondence: (N.T.); (W.Q.)
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12
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Fecal amine metabolite analysis before onset of severe necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants: a prospective case-control study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12310. [PMID: 35853977 PMCID: PMC9296556 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16351-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Infants developing necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) have a different metabolomic profile compared to controls. The potential of specific metabolomics, i.e. amino acids and amino alcohols (AAA), as early diagnostic biomarkers for NEC is largely unexplored. In this multicenter prospective case-control study, longitudinally collected fecal samples from preterm infants (born <30 weeks of gestation) from 1-3 days before diagnosis of severe NEC (Bell's stage IIIA/IIIB), were analyzed by targeted high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Control samples were collected from gestational and postnatal age-matched infants. Thirty-one NEC cases (15 NEC IIIA;16 NEC IIIB) with 1:1 matched controls were included. Preclinical samples of infants with NEC were characterized by five increased essential amino acids-isoleucine, leucine, methionine, phenylalanine and valine. Lysine and ethanolamine ratios were lower prior to NEC, compared to control samples. A multivariate model was rendered based on isoleucine, lysine, ethanolamine, tryptophan and ornithine, modestly discriminating cases from controls (AUC 0.67; p < 0.001). Targeted HPLC pointed to several specific AAA alterations in samples collected 1-3 days before NEC onset, compared to controls. Whether this reflects metabolic alterations and has a role in early biomarker development for NEC, has yet to be elucidated.
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13
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Liu K, Li J, Long T, Wang Y, Yin T, Long J, Shen Y, Cheng L. Changes in serum amino acid levels in non-small cell lung cancer: a case-control study in Chinese population. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13272. [PMID: 35469201 PMCID: PMC9034703 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have shown the alteration of amino acid (AA) profile in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, there is little data regarding AA profile in NSCLC in Chinese population. The aim of this study was to evaluate AA profile in Chinese NSCLC patients, explore its utility in sample classification and further discuss its related metabolic pathways. Methods The concentrations of 22 AAs in serum samples from 200 patients with NSCLC and 202 healthy controls were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS). AA levels in different tumor stages and histological types were also discussed. The performance of AA panel in classifying the cases and controls was evaluated in the training data set and validation data set based on the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and the important metabolic pathways were identified. Results The concentrations of tryptophan (Trp), phenylalanine (Phe), isoleucine (Ile), glycine (Gly), serine (Ser), aspartic acid (Asp), asparagine (Asn), cystein (Cys), glutamic acid (Glu), ornithine (Orn) and citrulline (Cit) were significantly altered in NSCLC patients compared with controls (all P-FDR < 0.05). Among these, four AAs including Asp, Cys, Glu and Orn were substantially up-regulated in NSCLC patients (FC ≥ 1.2). AA levels were significantly altered in patients with late-stage NSCLC, but not in those with early-stage when comparing with healthy controls. In terms of histological type, these AAs were altered in both adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. For discrimination of NSCLC from controls, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.80 (95% CI [0.74-0.85]) in the training data set and 0.79 (95%CI [0.71-0.87]) in the validation data set. The AUCs for early-stage and late-stage NSCLC were 0.75 (95% CI [0.68-0.81]) and 0.86 (95% CI [0.82-0.91]), respectively. Moreover, the model showed a better performance in the classification of squamous cell carcinoma (AUC = 0.90, 95% CI [0.85-0.95]) than adenocarcinoma (AUC = 0.77, 95% CI [0.71-0.82]) from controls. Three important metabolic pathways were involved in the alteration of AA profile, including Gly, Ser and Thr metabolism; Ala, Asp and Glu metabolism; and Arg biosynthesis. Conclusions The levels of several AAs in serum were altered in Chinese NSCLC patients. These altered AAs may be utilized to classify the cases from the controls. Gly, Ser and Thr metabolism; Ala, Asp and Glu metabolism and Arg biosynthesis pathways may play roles in metabolism of the NSCLC patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaoyuan Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tingting Long
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tongxin Yin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jieyi Long
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Shen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liming Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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14
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Sikonja J, Brecelj J, Zerjav Tansek M, Repic Lampret B, Drole Torkar A, Klemencic S, Lipovec N, Stefanova Kralj V, Bertok S, Kovac J, Faganel Kotnik B, Tesarova M, Remec ZI, Debeljak M, Battelino T, Groselj U. Clinical and genetic characteristics of two patients with tyrosinemia type 1 in Slovenia – A novel fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (FAH) intronic disease-causing variant. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2022; 30:100836. [PMID: 35242570 PMCID: PMC8856938 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2021.100836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinemia type 1 (HT1) is an inborn error of tyrosine catabolism that leads to severe liver, kidney, and neurological dysfunction. Newborn screening (NBS) can enable a timely diagnosis and early initiation of treatment. We presented the follow up of the only two Slovenian patients diagnosed with HT1. Metabolic control was monitored by measuring tyrosine, phenylalanine and succinylacetone from dried blood spots (DBSs). Retrograde screening of HT1 was performed from DBSs taken at birth using tandem mass spectrometry. First patient was diagnosed at the age of 6 months in the asymptomatic phase due to an abnormal liver echogenicity, the other presented at 2.5 months with an acute liver failure and needed a liver transplantation. The first was a compound heterozygote for a novel FAH intronic variant c.607-21A>G and c.192G>T whereas the second was homozygous for c.192G>T. At the non-transplanted patient, 66% of tyrosine and 79% of phenylalanine measurements were in strict reference ranges of 200–400 μmol/L and >30 μmol/L, respectively, which resulted in a favorable cognitive outcome at 3.6 years. On retrograde screening, both patients had elevated SA levels; on the other hand, tyrosine was elevated only at one. We showed that non-coding regions should be analyzed when clinical and biochemical markers are characteristic of HT1. DBSs represent a convenient sample type for frequent amino acid monitoring. Retrograde diagnosis of HT1 was possible after more than three years of birth with SA as a primary marker, complemented by tyrosine. Non-coding region variants of FAH gene can result in a symptomatic HT1. Retrograde screening for HT1 is technically possible even three years after birth. DBS are convenient for monitoring HT1 patients and are family-friendly. Regular monitoring in HT1 patients can result in a favorable cognitive outcome.
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15
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Er S, Laraib U, Arshad R, Sargazi S, Rahdar A, Pandey S, Thakur VK, Díez-Pascual AM. Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins: Implications for Nanotechnological Applications in Biosensing and Drug/Gene Delivery. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:3002. [PMID: 34835766 PMCID: PMC8622868 DOI: 10.3390/nano11113002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Over various scientific fields in biochemistry, amino acids have been highlighted in research works. Protein, peptide- and amino acid-based drug delivery systems have proficiently transformed nanotechnology via immense flexibility in their features for attaching various drug molecules and biodegradable polymers. In this regard, novel nanostructures including carbon nanotubes, electrospun carbon nanofibers, gold nanoislands, and metal-based nanoparticles have been introduced as nanosensors for accurate detection of these organic compounds. These nanostructures can bind the biological receptor to the sensor surface and increase the surface area of the working electrode, significantly enhancing the biosensor performance. Interestingly, protein-based nanocarriers have also emerged as useful drug and gene delivery platforms. This is important since, despite recent advancements, there are still biological barriers and other obstacles limiting gene and drug delivery efficacy. Currently available strategies for gene therapy are not cost-effective, and they do not deliver the genetic cargo effectively to target sites. With rapid advancements in nanotechnology, novel gene delivery systems are introduced as nonviral vectors such as protein, peptide, and amino acid-based nanostructures. These nano-based delivery platforms can be tailored into functional transformation using proteins and peptides ligands based nanocarriers, usually overexpressed in the specified diseases. The purpose of this review is to shed light on traditional and nanotechnology-based methods to detect amino acids, peptides, and proteins. Furthermore, new insights into the potential of amino protein-based nanoassemblies for targeted drug delivery or gene transfer are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simge Er
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova-Izmir 35100, Turkey;
| | - Ushna Laraib
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan;
| | - Rabia Arshad
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan;
| | - Saman Sargazi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan 9816743463, Iran;
| | - Abbas Rahdar
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zabol, Zabol 538-98615, Iran
| | - Sadanand Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea;
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Centre, Scotland’s Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK;
- School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ana M. Díez-Pascual
- Universidad de Alcalá, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 33.6, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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16
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Qian X, Nie L, Dai Z, Ma S. Determination of Free Amino Acids in Banlangen Granule and its Fractions by Solid Phase Extraction Combined with Ion-pair Hig-h Perfor mance Liquid Chromatography using a Corona-charged Aerosol Detector (SPE-HPLC-CAD). CURR PHARM ANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412916999200526120449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Banlangen granules are broad-spectrum effective antiviral drugs, and have a
large clinical demand in China. Free amino acid is one of the main antiviral active ingredients of Banlangen
granules. The pre-processing of samples by the existing pre-column derivatization reversed-
HPLC method is complicated. Therefore, the determination of free amino acids (AAs) by underivatized
ion-pair HPLC-CAD is advantageous for simplifying the preparation process and improving sensitivity.
Objective:
To better optimize AAs analysis methods, here a sensitive SPE-HPLC-CAD method with a
better resolution was established for the determination of underivatized AAs in Banlangen Granule for
the first time.
Method:
The analytes were separated only by HPLC using a Hypercarb column with gradient elution of solvent A (20
mM nonafluorovaleric Acid in water) and solvent B (0.3% trifluoroacetic acid in acetonitrile-0.3% trifluoroacetic acid
in water (1:9, v/v)) at a flow rate of 0.15 mL/min. N2 gas pressure and evaporation temperature of CAD were held at a
constant 58.6 psi and 60 ℃, respectively.
Results:
This method was linear over the respective concentration range of six amino acids. The precision, accuracy,
stability and recovery were satisfactory in all samples examined. And the method was successfully applied to
determination of free amino acids in Banlangen granules and its fractions. The total contents of six amino acids in 28
batches of Banlangen Granule were between 1.36 mg/g-11.62 mg/g.
Conclusion:
The proposed method could be a simple, accurate and sensitive alternative approach for the determination
of free AAs in Banlangen Granule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyu Qian
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050,China
| | - Lixing Nie
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050,China
| | - Zhong Dai
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050,China
| | - Shuangcheng Ma
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050,China
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17
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Carling RS, John K, Churchus R, Turner C, Dalton RN. Validation of a rapid, comprehensive and clinically relevant amino acid profile by underivatised liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Clin Chem Lab Med 2021; 58:758-768. [PMID: 31622240 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2019-0604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Quantification of plasma amino acids is key to the diagnosis of inherited defects of amino acid synthesis, catabolism and transport, many of which present as clinical emergencies. The utility of this test is limited by the long analysis time and subsequent inability of laboratories to provide results in real-time. Traditionally, analysis has been performed by ion exchange chromatography (IEC) but recently there has been a move towards liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) which provides the potential for faster analysis. However, the necessity to derivatise the sample and/or utilise an ion-pair reagent, combined with lack of commercially available stable isotope internal standards (IS) has prevented laboratories fully exploiting the benefits of this methodology. We describe an underivatised LC-MS/MS method enabling patient results to be reported with an improved turnaround time (<1 h). Methods Methanolic IS was added to plasma (10 μL) to precipitate protein. Following centrifugation amino acids were analysed by LC-MS/MS using selected reaction monitoring (SRM) for each analyte and corresponding IS. Results Patient samples (n = 57) and external quality assessment (EQA) material (n = 11) were analysed and results compared with IEC. Comparable accuracy and precision were obtained with 15-min analysis time. Conclusions This method enables the analysis of a clinically comprehensive amino acid profile without the need for derivatisation/ion-pair reagents and benefitting from improved analytical quantitation through multipoint calibration and use of stable isotope IS. The analysis time is fast in comparison to IEC, improves efficiency of laboratory workflow and enables stat analysis of clinically urgent samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel S Carling
- Biochemical Sciences, Viapath, Guys and St Thomas' NHSFT, London, UK.,GKT School of Medical Education, King's College, London, UK
| | - Kate John
- Biochemical Sciences, Viapath, Guys and St Thomas' NHSFT, London, UK
| | - Richard Churchus
- Biochemical Sciences, Viapath, Guys and St Thomas' NHSFT, London, UK
| | - Charles Turner
- SpOtOn Clinical Diagnostics Ltd, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - R Neil Dalton
- SpOtOn Clinical Diagnostics Ltd, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
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18
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Bruno C, Veyrat-Durebex C, Lumbu Lukuntonda CH, Andres CR, Moreau C, Bendavid C, Homedan C, Labarthe F, Tardieu M, Bigot A, Maillot F, Benz-de Bretagne I, Blasco H. Validation of plasma amino acid profile using UHPLC-mass spectrometer (QDa) as a screening method in a metabolic disorders reference centre: Performance and accreditation concerns. Clin Biochem 2021; 92:34-45. [PMID: 33736999 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Amino acid (AA) analysis in plasma is essential for diagnosis and monitoring of inborn errors of metabolism (IEM). The efficacy of patient management is governed by the rapidity of AA profile availability, along with the robustness of the method. French quality guidelines and progress made in analytical techniques have led biologists to develop AA profile exploration via mass spectrometry (MS). OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to validate an analytical method with a single quadrupole mass spectrometer (MS) and to suggest reference values in regard to French quality and IEM society recommendations. DESIGN AND METHODS Plasma samples from patients were deproteinised and derivatised with AccqTag™ reagent. Analysis was performed by reverse-phase chromatography coupled to QDA detector. We evaluated accuracy, intra-days and inter-days precision and limit of quantification by the β-expectation tolerance interval method for 27 AA. Method comparison was performed with the standard method (ion exchange chromatography, IEC) on Jeol Aminotac® and to tandem MS. Reference values were established on AA concentrations of the cohort of patients who had no IEM. RESULTS Our method allowed the separations of almost all amino acids with a total run time of 12 min. Separation of isoleucine and alloisoleucine was incomplete (R = 0.55) but without impact on biological interpretation. Precision, accuracy and quantification were satisfactory (intra-days coefficient of variation (CV) was <5%, inter-days precision CV <10% and accuracy <15%). The limits of quantification were validated between 1 and 900 µmol/L. Results were comparable between the new method and IEC. CONCLUSION Ultimately, we validated a rapid method on plasma for quantifying 27 amino acids that can be used in routine practice, according to French quality laboratories and SFEIM (French Society of Inborn Error of Metabolism) recommendations. Furthermore, estimated reference values were similar to those found in published studies focusing on other methods. Despite a lower specificity compared to tandem MS, the simplicity and rapidity of our method are the main advantage of this technique and place it as a major tool in IEM diagnosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bruno
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France; Unité INSERM U1253, équipe "neurogénomique et physiopathologie neuronale", Université de Tours, Tours, France; Centre de référence des maladies héréditaires de métabolisme - filière G2M, France.
| | - C Veyrat-Durebex
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France; Unité INSERM U1253, équipe "neurogénomique et physiopathologie neuronale", Université de Tours, Tours, France; Centre de référence des maladies héréditaires de métabolisme - filière G2M, France
| | - C H Lumbu Lukuntonda
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France; Centre de référence des maladies héréditaires de métabolisme - filière G2M, France
| | - C R Andres
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France; Unité INSERM U1253, équipe "neurogénomique et physiopathologie neuronale", Université de Tours, Tours, France; Centre de référence des maladies héréditaires de métabolisme - filière G2M, France
| | - C Moreau
- Laboratoire de biochimie-toxicologie, Hôpital Pontchaillou CHU Rennes, France; Université de Rennes, Inserm, Inra, Institut NuMeCan, CHU Rennes, France
| | - C Bendavid
- Laboratoire de biochimie-toxicologie, Hôpital Pontchaillou CHU Rennes, France
| | - C Homedan
- Laboratoire de biochimie et génétique, Centre hospitalier universitaire, Angers, France
| | - F Labarthe
- Service de Médecine pédiatrique, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France; UMR INSERM U 1069 - Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer (N2C), Université de Tours, Tours, France; Centre de référence des maladies héréditaires de métabolisme - filière G2M, France
| | - M Tardieu
- Service de Médecine pédiatrique, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France; Centre de référence des maladies héréditaires de métabolisme - filière G2M, France
| | - A Bigot
- Service de Médecine Interne, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France; Centre de référence des maladies héréditaires de métabolisme - filière G2M, France
| | - F Maillot
- Unité INSERM U1253, équipe "neurogénomique et physiopathologie neuronale", Université de Tours, Tours, France; Service de Médecine Interne, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France; Centre de référence des maladies héréditaires de métabolisme - filière G2M, France
| | - I Benz-de Bretagne
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France; Unité INSERM U1253, équipe "neurogénomique et physiopathologie neuronale", Université de Tours, Tours, France; Centre de référence des maladies héréditaires de métabolisme - filière G2M, France
| | - H Blasco
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France; Unité INSERM U1253, équipe "neurogénomique et physiopathologie neuronale", Université de Tours, Tours, France; Centre de référence des maladies héréditaires de métabolisme - filière G2M, France
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19
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Carling RS, McDonald BA, Austin D, Burden D, Correia J, Leung J, Mayers B, John C. Challenging the status quo: A comparison of ion exchange chromatography with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry methods for the measurement of amino acids in human plasma. Ann Clin Biochem 2021; 57:277-290. [PMID: 32438818 DOI: 10.1177/0004563220933303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasma amino acid analysis is key to the diagnosis and monitoring of inherited disorders of amino acid synthesis, catabolism and transport. Ion exchange chromatography (IEC) is widely accepted as the gold standard method of analysis, but with the introduction of liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) methods, this should now be questioned. METHODS The analytical performance of three commercially available reagent kits, Waters AccQ Tag™ ULTRA LC-MS, SpOtOn Amino Acids LC-MS/MS and Chromsystems MassChrom® Amino Acid Analysis LC-MS/MS, were evaluated and compared with Biochrom Physiological Amino Acids ion exchange chromatography. Correlation with IEC was assessed by Passing-Bablok regression, concordance correlation coefficients (CCC) and Bland-Altman analysis for 21 common amino acids. Calculation of the total error from imprecision and bias was also used to benchmark performance. RESULTS The MassChrom® and SpOtOn kits demonstrated acceptable inter-batch imprecision (CV < 10%) and accuracy (mean bias < 10%), whereas the AccQ Tag™ ULTRA kit did not. Good correlation (CCC > 0.95) with Biochrom IEC was demonstrated for 10/21 analytes in both the MassChrom® and SpOtOn kits and 6/21 in the AccQ Tag™ ULTRA kit. CONCLUSIONS The LC-MS assay demonstrated variable analytical performance and correlated poorly with ion exchange chromatography. Both LC-MS/MS assays demonstrated comparable analytical performance and reasonable correlation with ion exchange chromatography. They also confer practical advantages which cannot be realized by ion exchange chromatography, superior specificity and significantly faster analysis time, suggesting that ion exchange chromatography should no longer be described as the gold standard method for plasma amino acid analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel S Carling
- Biochemical Sciences, Viapath, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK.,GKT School Medical Education, Kings College London, London, UK
| | | | - Donna Austin
- Biochemical Sciences, Viapath, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Deborah Burden
- Biochemical Sciences, Viapath, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Joana Correia
- Biochemical Sciences, Viapath, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Jenny Leung
- Biochemical Sciences, Viapath, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Beverley Mayers
- Biochemical Sciences, Viapath, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Catharine John
- Biochemical Sciences, Viapath, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
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20
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Free amino acids in African indigenous vegetables: Analysis with improved hydrophilic interaction ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and interactive machine learning. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1637:461733. [PMID: 33385745 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A hydrophilic interaction (HILIC) ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) with triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the quantification of 21 free amino acids (AAs). Compared to published reports, our method renders collectively improved sensitivity with lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) at 0.5~42.19 ng/mL with 0.3 μL injection volume (or equivalently 0.15~12.6 pg injected on column), robust linear range from LLOQ up to 3521~5720 ng/mL (or 1056 ~ 1716 pg on column) and a high throughput with total time of 6 min per sample, as well as easier experimental setup, less maintenance and higher adaptation flexibility. Ammonium formate in the mobile phase, though commonly used in HILIC, was found unnecessary in our experimental setup, and its removal from mobile phase was key for significant improvement in sensitivity (4~74 times higher than with 5 mM ammonium formate). Addition of 10 (or up to100 mM) hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the sample diluent was crucial to keep response linearity for basic amino acids of histidine, lysine and arginine. Different HCl concentration (10~100 mM) in sample diluent also excreted an effect on detection sensitivity, and it is of importance to keep the final prepared sample and calibrators in the same HCl level. Leucine and isoleucine were distinguished using different transitions. Validated at seven concentration levels, accuracy was bound within 75~125%, matrix effect generally within 90~110%, and precision error mostly below 2.5%. Using this newly developed method, the free amino acids were then quantified in a total of 544 African indigenous vegetables (AIVs) samples from African nightshades (AN), Ethiopian mustards (EM), amaranths (AM) and spider plants (SP), comprising a total of 8 identified species and 43 accessions, cultivated and harvested in USA, Kenya and Tanzania over several years, 2013~2018. The AN, EM, AM and SP were distinguished based on free AAs profile using machine learning methods (ML) including principle component analysis, discriminant analysis, naïve Bayes, elastic net-regularized logistic regression, random forest and support vector machine, with prediction accuracy achieved at ca. 83~97% on the test set (train/test ratio at 7/3). An interactive ML platform was constructed using R Shiny at https://boyuan.shinyapps.io/AIV_Classifier/ for modeling train-test simulation and category prediction of unknown AIV sample(s). This new method presents a robust and rapid approach to quantifying free amino acids in plants for use in evaluating plants, biofortification, botanical authentication, safety, adulteration and with applications to nutrition, health and food product development.
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David V, Moldoveanu SC, Galaon T. Derivatization procedures and their analytical performances for HPLC determination in bioanalysis. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 35:e5008. [PMID: 33084080 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Derivatization, or chemical structure modification, is often used in bioanalysis performed by liquid chromatography technique in order to enhance detectability or to improve the chromatographic performance for the target analytes. The derivatization process is discussed according to the analytical procedure used to achieve the reaction between the reagent and the target compounds (containing hydroxyl, thiol, amino, carbonyl and carboxyl as the main functional groups involved in derivatization). Important procedures for derivatization used in bioanalysis are in situ or based on extraction processes (liquid-liquid, solid-phase and related techniques) applied to the biomatrix. In the review, chiral, isotope-labeling, hydrophobicity-tailored and post-column derivatizations are also included, based on representative publications in the literature during the last two decades. Examples of derivatization reagents and brief reaction conditions are included, together with some bioanalytical applications and performances (chromatographic conditions, detection limit, stability and sample biomatrix).
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor David
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Toma Galaon
- National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology - ECOIND, Bucharest-6, Romania
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