1
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van Straten D, Sork H, van de Schepop L, Frunt R, Ezzat K, Schiffelers RM. Biofluid specific protein coronas affect lipid nanoparticle behavior in vitro. J Control Release 2024; 373:481-492. [PMID: 39032575 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have successfully entered the clinic for the delivery of mRNA- and siRNA-based therapeutics, most recently as vaccines for COVID-19. Nevertheless, there is a lack of understanding regarding their in vivo behavior, in particular cell targeting. Part of this LNP tropism is based on the adherence of endogenous protein to the particle surface. This protein forms a so-called corona that can change, amongst other things, the circulation time, biodistribution and cellular uptake of these particles. The formation of this protein corona, in turn, is dependent on the nanoparticle properties (e.g., size, charge, surface chemistry and hydrophobicity) as well as the biological environment from which it is derived. With the potential of gene therapy to target virtually any disease, administration sites other than intravenous route are considered, resulting in tissue specific protein coronas. For neurological diseases, intracranial administration of LNPs results in a cerebral spinal fluid derived protein corona, possibly changing the properties of the lipid nanoparticle compared to intravenous administration. Here, the differences between plasma and CSF derived protein coronas on a clinically relevant LNP formulation were studied in vitro. Protein analysis showed that LNPs incubated in human CSF (C-LNPs) developed a protein corona composition that differed from that of LNPs incubated in plasma (P-LNPs). Lipoproteins as a whole, but in particular apolipoprotein E, represented a higher percentage of the total protein corona on C-LNPs than on P-LNPs. This resulted in improved cellular uptake of C-LNPs compared to P-LNPs, regardless of cell origin. Importantly, the higher LNP uptake did not directly translate into more efficient cargo delivery, underlining that further assessment of such mechanisms is necessary. These findings show that biofluid specific protein coronas alter LNP functionality, suggesting that the site of administration could affect LNP efficacy in vivo and needs to be considered during the development of the formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demian van Straten
- CDL Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Helena Sork
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Rowan Frunt
- CDL Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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2
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Barz M, Parak WJ, Zentel R. Concepts and Approaches to Reduce or Avoid Protein Corona Formation on Nanoparticles: Challenges and Opportunities. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2402935. [PMID: 38976560 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202402935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
This review describes the formation of a protein corona (or its absence) on different classes of nanoparticles, its basic principles, and its consequences for nanomedicine. For this purpose, it describes general concepts to control (guide/minimize) the interaction between artificial nanoparticles and plasma proteins to reduce protein corona formation. Thereafter, methods for the qualitative or quantitative determination of protein corona formation are presented, as well as the properties of nanoparticle surfaces, which are relevant for protein corona prevention (or formation). Thereby especially the role of grafting density of hydrophilic polymers on the surface of the nanoparticle is discussed to prevent the formation of a protein corona. In this context also the potential of detergents (surfactants) for a temporary modification as well as grafting-to and grafting-from approaches for a permanent modification of the surface are discussed. The review concludes by highlighting several promising avenues. This includes (i) the use of nanoparticles without protein corona for active targeting, (ii) the use of synthetic nanoparticles without protein corona formation to address the immune system, (iii) the recollection of nanoparticles with a defined protein corona after in vivo application to sample the blood proteome and (iv) further concepts to reduce protein corona formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Barz
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, NL-2333 CC, Netherlands
| | - Wolfgang J Parak
- Institut für Nanostruktur- und Festkörperphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rudolf Zentel
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128, Mainz, Germany
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3
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Gül D, Önal Acet B, Lu Q, Stauber RH, Odabaşı M, Acet Ö. Revolution in Cancer Treatment: How Are Intelligently Designed Nanostructures Changing the Game? Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5171. [PMID: 38791209 PMCID: PMC11120744 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) are extremely important tools to overcome the limitations imposed by therapeutic agents and effectively overcome biological barriers. Smart designed/tuned nanostructures can be extremely effective for cancer treatment. The selection and design of nanostructures and the adjustment of size and surface properties are extremely important, especially for some precision treatments and drug delivery (DD). By designing specific methods, an important era can be opened in the biomedical field for personalized and precise treatment. Here, we focus on advances in the selection and design of nanostructures, as well as on how the structure and shape, size, charge, and surface properties of nanostructures in biological fluids (BFs) can be affected. We discussed the applications of specialized nanostructures in the therapy of head and neck cancer (HNC), which is a difficult and aggressive type of cancer to treat, to give an impetus for novel treatment approaches in this field. We also comprehensively touched on the shortcomings, current trends, and future perspectives when using nanostructures in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Désirée Gül
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (B.Ö.A.); (Q.L.); (R.H.S.)
| | - Burcu Önal Acet
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (B.Ö.A.); (Q.L.); (R.H.S.)
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Arts and Science, Aksaray University, Aksaray 68100, Turkey;
| | - Qiang Lu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (B.Ö.A.); (Q.L.); (R.H.S.)
| | - Roland H. Stauber
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (B.Ö.A.); (Q.L.); (R.H.S.)
| | - Mehmet Odabaşı
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Arts and Science, Aksaray University, Aksaray 68100, Turkey;
| | - Ömür Acet
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (B.Ö.A.); (Q.L.); (R.H.S.)
- Pharmacy Services Program, Vocational School of Health Science, Tarsus University, Tarsus 33100, Turkey
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4
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Önal Acet B, Gül D, Stauber RH, Odabaşı M, Acet Ö. A Review for Uncovering the "Protein-Nanoparticle Alliance": Implications of the Protein Corona for Biomedical Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:823. [PMID: 38786780 PMCID: PMC11124003 DOI: 10.3390/nano14100823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Understanding both the physicochemical and biological interactions of nanoparticles is mandatory for the biomedical application of nanomaterials. By binding proteins, nanoparticles acquire new surface identities in biological fluids, the protein corona. Various studies have revealed the dynamic structure and nano-bio interactions of the protein corona. The binding of proteins not only imparts new surface identities to nanoparticles in biological fluids but also significantly influences their bioactivity, stability, and targeting specificity. Interestingly, recent endeavors have been undertaken to harness the potential of the protein corona instead of evading its presence. Exploitation of this 'protein-nanoparticle alliance' has significant potential to change the field of nanomedicine. Here, we present a thorough examination of the latest research on protein corona, encompassing its formation, dynamics, recent developments, and diverse bioapplications. Furthermore, we also aim to explore the interactions at the nano-bio interface, paving the way for innovative strategies to advance the application potential of the protein corona. By addressing challenges and promises in controlling protein corona formation, this review provides insights into the evolving landscape of the 'protein-nanoparticle alliance' and highlights emerging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Önal Acet
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Chemistry Department, Aksaray University, Aksaray 68100, Turkey; (B.Ö.A.); (M.O.)
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Désirée Gül
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Roland H. Stauber
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Mehmet Odabaşı
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Chemistry Department, Aksaray University, Aksaray 68100, Turkey; (B.Ö.A.); (M.O.)
| | - Ömür Acet
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
- Vocational School of Health Science, Pharmacy Services Program, Tarsus University, Tarsus 33100, Turkey
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5
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Boselli L, Castagnola V, Armirotti A, Benfenati F, Pompa PP. Biomolecular Corona of Gold Nanoparticles: The Urgent Need for Strong Roots to Grow Strong Branches. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306474. [PMID: 38085683 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are largely employed in diagnostics/biosensors and are among the most investigated nanomaterials in biology/medicine. However, few GNP-based nanoformulations have received FDA approval to date, and promising in vitro studies have failed to translate to in vivo efficacy. One key factor is that biological fluids contain high concentrations of proteins, lipids, sugars, and metabolites, which can adsorb/interact with the GNP's surface, forming a layer called biomolecular corona (BMC). The BMC can mask prepared functionalities and target moieties, creating new surface chemistry and determining GNPs' biological fate. Here, the current knowledge is summarized on GNP-BMCs, analyzing the factors driving these interactions and the biological consequences. A partial fingerprint of GNP-BMC analyzing common patterns of composition in the literature is extrapolated. However, a red flag is also risen concerning the current lack of data availability and regulated form of knowledge on BMC. Nanomedicine is still in its infancy, and relying on recently developed analytical and informatic tools offers an unprecedented opportunity to make a leap forward. However, a restart through robust shared protocols and data sharing is necessary to obtain "stronger roots". This will create a path to exploiting BMC for human benefit, promoting the clinical translation of biomedical nanotools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Boselli
- Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Morego 30, Genova, 16163, Italy
| | - Valentina Castagnola
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, Genova, 16132, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, Genova, 16132, Italy
| | - Andrea Armirotti
- Analytical Chemistry Lab, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genova, 16163, Italy
| | - Fabio Benfenati
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, Genova, 16132, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, Genova, 16132, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Pompa
- Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Morego 30, Genova, 16163, Italy
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6
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Mancuso G, Trinchera M, Midiri A, Zummo S, Vitale G, Biondo C. Novel Antimicrobial Approaches to Combat Bacterial Biofilms Associated with Urinary Tract Infections. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:154. [PMID: 38391540 PMCID: PMC10886225 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13020154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are prevalent bacterial infections in both community and healthcare settings. They account for approximately 40% of all bacterial infections and require around 15% of all antibiotic prescriptions. Although antibiotics have traditionally been used to treat UTIs for several decades, the significant increase in antibiotic resistance in recent years has made many previously effective treatments ineffective. Biofilm on medical equipment in healthcare settings creates a reservoir of pathogens that can easily be transmitted to patients. Urinary catheter infections are frequently observed in hospitals and are caused by microbes that form a biofilm after a catheter is inserted into the bladder. Managing infections caused by biofilms is challenging due to the emergence of antibiotic resistance. Biofilms enable pathogens to evade the host's innate immune defences, resulting in long-term persistence. The incidence of sepsis caused by UTIs that have spread to the bloodstream is increasing, and drug-resistant infections may be even more prevalent. While the availability of upcoming tests to identify the bacterial cause of infection and its resistance spectrum is critical, it alone will not solve the problem; innovative treatment approaches are also needed. This review analyses the main characteristics of biofilm formation and drug resistance in recurrent uropathogen-induced UTIs. The importance of innovative and alternative therapies for combatting biofilm-caused UTI is emphasised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Mancuso
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Marilena Trinchera
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Angelina Midiri
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiana Zummo
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Giulia Vitale
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Carmelo Biondo
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
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7
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Mallineni SK, Sakhamuri S, Kotha SL, AlAsmari ARGM, AlJefri GH, Almotawah FN, Mallineni S, Sajja R. Silver Nanoparticles in Dental Applications: A Descriptive Review. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:327. [PMID: 36978718 PMCID: PMC10044905 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10030327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles have been a recent focus of many researchers in dentistry, and their potential uses and benefits have drawn attention in dentistry and medicine. The fabrication and utilization of nanoscale substances and structures are at the core of the rapidly developing areas of nanotechnology. They are often used in the dental industry because they prevent bacteria from making nanoparticles, oxides, and biofilms. They also stop the metabolism of bacteria. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are a type of zero-dimensional material with different shapes. Dentistry has to keep up with changing patient needs and new technology. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) can be used in dentistry for disinfection and preventing infections in the oral cavity. One of the most interesting metallic nanoparticles used in biomedical applications is silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The dental field has found promising uses for silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in the elimination of plaque and tartar, as well as the elimination of bacterial and fungal infections in the mouth. The incorporation of AgNPs into dental materials has been shown to significantly enhance patients' oral health, leading to their widespread use. This review focuses on AgNP synthesis, chemical properties, biocompatibility, uses in various dental fields, and biomaterials used in dentistry. With an emphasis on aspects related to the inclusion of silver nanoparticles, this descriptive review paper also intends to address the recent developments of AgNPs in dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreekanth Kumar Mallineni
- Pediatric Dentistry, Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib Hospital, Ar Rayyan, Riyadh 14212, Saudi Arabia
- Division for Globalization Initiative, Liaison Center for Innovative Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research (CFTR), Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Srinivasulu Sakhamuri
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Narayana Dental College and Hospital, Nellore 523004, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sree Lalita Kotha
- Department of Basic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Fatmah Nasser Almotawah
- Preventive Dentistry Department, Pediatric Dentistry Division, College of Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh 13244, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sahana Mallineni
- Department of Periodontology, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Nellore 523001, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Rishitha Sajja
- Clinical Data Management, Global Data Management and Centralized Monitoring, Global Development Operations, Bristol Myers Squibb, Pennington, NJ 07922, USA
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8
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Abarca-Cabrera L, Xu L, Berensmeier S, Fraga-García P. Competition at the Bio-nano Interface: A Protein, a Polysaccharide, and a Fatty Acid Adsorb onto Magnetic Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:146-156. [PMID: 36503228 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles are an attractive bioseparation tool due to their magnetic susceptibility and high adsorption capacity for different types of molecules. A major challenge for separation is to generate selectivity for a target molecule, or for a group of molecules in complex environments such as cell lysates. It is crucial to understand the factors that determine the targets' adsorption behavior in mixtures for triggering intended interactions and selectivity. Here we use a model system containing three molecules, each of them a common representative of the more abundant types of macromolecules in living systems: sodium oleate (SO), a fatty acid; bovine serum albumin (BSA), a protein; and dextran, a polysaccharide. Our results show that (a) the BSA adsorption capacity on the iron oxide material depends markedly on the pH, with the maximum capacity at the pI of the protein (0.39 g gMNP-1 ); (b) sodium oleate, a strongly negatively charged molecule, an organic anion, renders a maximum adsorption capacity of 0.40 g gMNP-1, even at pHs at which oleate as well as the nanoparticle surface are negatively charged; (c) the adsorbed masses of dextran, a neutral sugar, are lower than for the other two molecules, between 0.09 and 0.13 g gMNP-1, regardless of the system's pH. We observe an unexpected behavior in mixtures: SO completely prevents the adsorption of BSA, and dextran decreases the adsorption of the other competitors, SO and BSA, while adsorbing at the same capacities, unaffected by either the presence of the other two molecules or the pH. BSA does not decrease the oleate adsorption capacity. We demonstrate the essential role of pH in the adsorption of BSA (a protein) and SO (a fatty acid), as well as its impact in the structural organization of the oleate molecules in water. Moreover, we present exciting data on the adsorption of the molecules in competition, revealing the need to focus on interaction studies in more complex environments. This study attempts to open the scope of the current research of bio-nano interactions to not only proteins but also to mixtures, and generally to molecules with other physicochemical characteristics. Furthermore, we contribute to the understanding of multicomponent systems with the vision set in enhancing biomass exploitation and biofractionation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Abarca-Cabrera
- Bioseparation Engineering Group, Department of Energy and Process Engineering, TUM School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Lianxin Xu
- Bioseparation Engineering Group, Department of Energy and Process Engineering, TUM School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Sonja Berensmeier
- Bioseparation Engineering Group, Department of Energy and Process Engineering, TUM School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Paula Fraga-García
- Bioseparation Engineering Group, Department of Energy and Process Engineering, TUM School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Garching 85748, Germany
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9
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Park HY, Chung C, Eiken MK, Baumgartner KV, Fahy KM, Leung KQ, Bouzos E, Asuri P, Wheeler KE, Riley KR. Silver nanoparticle interactions with glycated and non-glycated human serum albumin mediate toxicity. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2023; 5:1081753. [PMID: 36926649 PMCID: PMC10011623 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2023.1081753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Biomolecules bind to and transform nanoparticles, mediating their fate in biological systems. Despite over a decade of research into the protein corona, the role of protein modifications in mediating their interaction with nanomaterials remains poorly understood. In this study, we evaluated how glycation of the most abundant blood protein, human serum albumin (HSA), influences the formation of the protein corona on 40 nm silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and the toxicity of AgNPs to the HepG2 human liver cell line. Methods: The effects of glycation on AgNP-HSA interactions were quantified using circular dichroism spectroscopy to monitor protein structural changes, dynamic light scattering to assess AgNP colloidal stability, zeta potential measurements to measure AgNP surface charge, and UV-vis spectroscopy and capillary electrophoresis (CE) to evaluate protein binding affinity and kinetics. The effect of the protein corona and HSA glycation on the toxicity of AgNPs to HepG2 cells was measured using the WST cell viability assay and AgNP dissolution was measured using linear sweep stripping voltammetry. Results and Discussion: Results from UV-vis and CE analyses suggest that glycation of HSA had little impact on the formation of the AgNP protein corona with protein-AgNP association constants of ≈2x107 M-1 for both HSA and glycated HSA (gHSA). The formation of the protein corona itself (regardless of whether it was formed from HSA or glycated HSA) caused an approximate 2-fold decrease in cell viability compared to the no protein AgNP control. While the toxicity of AgNPs to cells is often attributed to dissolved Ag(I), dissolution studies showed that the protein coated AgNPs underwent less dissolution than the no protein control, suggesting that the protein corona facilitated a nanoparticle-specific mechanism of toxicity. Overall, this study highlights the importance of protein coronas in mediating AgNP interactions with HepG2 cells and the need for future work to discern how protein coronas and protein modifications (like glycation) may alter AgNP reactivity to cellular organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Yon Park
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA, United States
| | - Christopher Chung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA, United States
| | - Madeline K Eiken
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA, United States
| | - Karl V Baumgartner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA, United States
| | - Kira M Fahy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA, United States
| | - Kaitlyn Q Leung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA, United States
| | - Evangelia Bouzos
- Department of Bioengineering, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA, United States
| | - Prashanth Asuri
- Department of Bioengineering, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA, United States
| | - Korin E Wheeler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA, United States
| | - Kathryn R Riley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA, United States
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10
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Kim W, Ly NK, He Y, Li Y, Yuan Z, Yeo Y. Protein corona: Friend or foe? Co-opting serum proteins for nanoparticle delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 192:114635. [PMID: 36503885 PMCID: PMC9812987 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
For systemically delivered nanoparticles to reach target tissues, they must first circulate long enough to reach the target and extravasate there. A challenge is that the particles end up engaging with serum proteins and undergo immune cell recognition and premature clearance. The serum protein binding, also known as protein corona formation, is difficult to prevent, even with artificial protection via "stealth" coating. Protein corona may be problematic as it can interfere with the interaction of targeting ligands with tissue-specific receptors and abrogate the so-called active targeting process, hence, the efficiency of drug delivery. However, recent studies show that serum protein binding to circulating nanoparticles may be actively exploited to enhance their downstream delivery. This review summarizes known issues of protein corona and traditional strategies to control the corona, such as avoiding or overriding its formation, as well as emerging efforts to enhance drug delivery to target organs via nanoparticles. It concludes with a discussion of prevailing challenges in exploiting protein corona for nanoparticle development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woojun Kim
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Nhu Ky Ly
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Université Paris Cité, Faculté de Santé, 4 Avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Yanying He
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Yongzhe Li
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Zhongyue Yuan
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Yoon Yeo
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 South Martin Jischke Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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11
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Esmaeilpour D, Broscheit JA, Shityakov S. Cyclodextrin-Based Polymeric Materials Bound to Corona Protein for Theranostic Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13505. [PMID: 36362293 PMCID: PMC9656986 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclodextrins (CDs) are cyclic oligosaccharide structures that could be used for theranostic applications in personalized medicine. These compounds have been widely utilized not only for enhancing drug solubility, stability, and bioavailability but also for controlled and targeted delivery of small molecules. These compounds can be complexed with various biomolecules, such as peptides or proteins, via host-guest interactions. CDs are amphiphilic compounds with water-hating holes and water-absorbing surfaces. Architectures of CDs allow the drawing and preparation of CD-based polymers (CDbPs) with optimal pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. These polymers can be cloaked with protein corona consisting of adsorbed plasma or extracellular proteins to improve nanoparticle biodistribution and half-life. Besides, CDs have become famous in applications ranging from biomedicine to environmental sciences. In this review, we emphasize ongoing research in biomedical fields using CD-based centered, pendant, and terminated polymers and their interactions with protein corona for theranostic applications. Overall, a perusal of information concerning this novel approach in biomedicine will help to implement this methodology based on host-guest interaction to improve therapeutic and diagnostic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donya Esmaeilpour
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 8174673441, Iran
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz 713451583, Iran
| | - Jens Albert Broscheit
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Wuerzburg, Oberduerrbacher Str. 6, 97080 Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Sergey Shityakov
- Laboratory of Chemoinformatics, Infochemistry Scientific Center, ITMO University, 191002 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
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12
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Magnetic Levitation Patterns of Microfluidic-Generated Nanoparticle–Protein Complexes. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12142376. [PMID: 35889600 PMCID: PMC9324036 DOI: 10.3390/nano12142376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic levitation (MagLev) has recently emerged as a powerful method to develop diagnostic technologies based on the exploitation of the nanoparticle (NP)–protein corona. However, experimental procedures improving the robustness, reproducibility, and accuracy of this technology are largely unexplored. To contribute to filling this gap, here, we investigated the effect of total flow rate (TFR) and flow rate ratio (FRR) on the MagLev patterns of microfluidic-generated graphene oxide (GO)–protein complexes using bulk mixing of GO and human plasma (HP) as a reference. Levitating and precipitating fractions of GO-HP samples were characterized in terms of atomic force microscopy (AFM), bicinchoninic acid assay (BCA), and one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (1D SDS-PAGE), and nanoliquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (nano-LC-MS/MS). We identified combinations of TFR and FRR (e.g., TFR = 35 μL/min and FRR (GO:HP) = 9:1 or TFR = 3.5 μL/min and FRR (GO:HP) = 19:1), leading to MagLev patterns dominated by levitating and precipitating fractions with bulk-like features. Since a typical MagLev experiment for disease detection is based on a sequence of optimization, exploration, and validation steps, this implies that the optimization (e.g., searching for optimal NP:HP ratios) and exploration (e.g., searching for MagLev signatures) steps can be performed using samples generated by bulk mixing. When these steps are completed, the validation step, which involves using human specimens that are often available in limited amounts, can be made by highly reproducible microfluidic mixing without any ex novo optimization process. The relevance of developing diagnostic technologies based on MagLev of coronated nanomaterials is also discussed.
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13
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Huppertsberg A, Leps C, Alberg I, Rosenauer C, Morsbach S, Landfester K, Tenzer S, Zentel R, Nuhn L. Squaric Ester-Based Nanogels Induce No Distinct Protein Corona but Entrap Plasma Proteins into their Porous Hydrogel Network. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200318. [PMID: 35687083 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
After intravenous administration of nanocarriers, plasma proteins may rapidly adsorb onto their surfaces. This process hampers the prediction of the nanocarriers' pharmacokinetics as it determines their physiological identity in a complex biological environment. Toward clinical translation it is therefore an essential prerequisite to investigate the nanocarriers' interaction with plasma proteins. Here, this work evaluates a highly "PEGylated" squaric ester-based nanogel with inherent prolonged blood circulation properties. After incubation with human blood plasma, the nanogels are isolated by asymmetrical flow-field flow fractionation. Multiangle light scattering measurements confirm the absence of significant size increases as well as aggregation upon plasma incubation. However, proteomic analyses by gel electrophoresis find minor absolute amounts of proteins (3 wt%), whereas label-free liquid chromatography mass spectrometry identify 65 enriched proteins. Interestingly, the relative abundance of these proteins is almost similar to their proportion in pure native plasma. Due to the nanogels' hydrated and porous network morphology, it is concluded that the detected proteins rather result from passive diffusion into the nanogel network than from specific interactions at the plasma particle interface. Consequently, these results do not indicate a classical surface protein corona but rather reflect the highly outer and inner stealth-like behavior of the porous hydrogel network.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Leps
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center of Mainz, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Irina Alberg
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Svenja Morsbach
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Tenzer
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center of Mainz, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Rudolf Zentel
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Lutz Nuhn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128, Mainz, Germany.,Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Julius Maximilian University Würzburg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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14
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Quagliarini E, Digiacomo L, Caputo D, Coppola A, Amenitsch H, Caracciolo G, Pozzi D. Magnetic Levitation of Personalized Nanoparticle-Protein Corona as an Effective Tool for Cancer Detection. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12091397. [PMID: 35564106 PMCID: PMC9104194 DOI: 10.3390/nano12091397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Unprecedented opportunities for early stage cancer detection have recently emerged from the characterization of the personalized protein corona (PC), i.e., the protein cloud that surrounds nanoparticles (NPs) upon exposure to a patients’ bodily fluids. Most of these methods require “direct characterization” of the PC., i.e., they necessitate protein isolation, identification, and quantification. Each of these steps can introduce bias and affect reproducibility and inter-laboratory consistency of experimental data. To fulfill this gap, here we develop a nanoparticle-enabled blood (NEB) test based on the indirect characterization of the personalized PC by magnetic levitation (MagLev). The MagLev NEB test works by analyzing the levitation profiles of PC-coated graphene oxide (GO) NPs that migrate along a magnetic field gradient in a paramagnetic medium. For the test validation, we employed human plasma samples from 15 healthy individuals and 30 oncological patients affected by four cancer types, namely breast cancer, prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Over the last 15 years prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, and PDAC have continuously been the second, third, and fourth leading sites of cancer-related deaths in men, while breast cancer, colorectal cancer, and PDAC are the second, third and fourth leading sites for women. This proof-of-concept investigation shows that the sensitivity and specificity of the MagLev NEB test depend on the cancer type, with the global classification accuracy ranging from 70% for prostate cancer to an impressive 93.3% for PDAC. We also discuss how this tool could benefit from several tunable parameters (e.g., the intensity of magnetic field gradient, NP type, exposure conditions, etc.) that can be modulated to optimize the detection of different cancer types with high sensitivity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Quagliarini
- NanoDelivery Lab, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.Q.); (L.D.); (G.C.)
| | - Luca Digiacomo
- NanoDelivery Lab, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.Q.); (L.D.); (G.C.)
| | - Damiano Caputo
- Department of Surgery, University Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy;
- General Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Coppola
- General Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy;
| | - Heinz Amenitsch
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/IV, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Giulio Caracciolo
- NanoDelivery Lab, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.Q.); (L.D.); (G.C.)
| | - Daniela Pozzi
- NanoDelivery Lab, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.Q.); (L.D.); (G.C.)
- Correspondence:
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15
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Cortez‐Jugo C, Czuba‐Wojnilowicz E, Tan A, Caruso F. A Focus on "Bio" in Bio-Nanoscience: The Impact of Biological Factors on Nanomaterial Interactions. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100574. [PMID: 34170631 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bio-nanoscience research encompasses studies on the interactions of nanomaterials with biological structures or what is commonly referred to as the biointerface. Fundamental studies on the influence of nanomaterial properties, including size, shape, composition, and charge, on the interaction with the biointerface have been central in bio-nanoscience to assess nanomaterial efficacy and safety for a range of biomedical applications. However, the state of the cells, tissues, or biological models can also influence the behavior of nanomaterials at the biointerface and their intracellular processing. Focusing on the "bio" in bio-nano, this review discusses the impact of biological properties at the cellular, tissue, and whole organism level that influences nanomaterial behavior, including cell type, cell cycle, tumor physiology, and disease states. Understanding how the biological factors can be addressed or exploited to enhance nanomaterial accumulation and uptake can guide the design of better and suitable models to improve the outcomes of materials in nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Cortez‐Jugo
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Ewa Czuba‐Wojnilowicz
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Abigail Tan
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Frank Caruso
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
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16
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Barbir R, Jiménez RR, Martín-Rapún R, Strasser V, Domazet Jurašin D, Dabelić S, de la Fuente JM, Vinković Vrček I. Interaction of Differently Sized, Shaped, and Functionalized Silver and Gold Nanoparticles with Glycosylated versus Nonglycosylated Transferrin. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:27533-27547. [PMID: 34082528 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c04063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of nanomaterials (NMs) to biological medium results in their direct interaction with biomolecules and the formation of a dynamic biomolecular layer known as the biomolecular corona. Despite numerous published data on nano-biointeractions, the role of protein glycosylation in the formation, characteristics, and fate of such nano-biocomplexes has been almost completely neglected, although most serum proteins are glycosylated. This study aimed to systematically investigate the differences in interaction of metallic NPs with glycosylated vs nonglycosylated transferrin. To reach this aim, we compared interaction mechanisms between differently sized, shaped, and surface-functionalized silver NMs and gold NMs to commercially available human transferrin (TRF), a glycosylated protein, and to its nonglycosylated recombinant form (ngTRF). Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was also included in the study for comparative purposes. Characterization of NMs was performed using transmission electron microscopy and dynamic and electrophoretic light scattering techniques. Fluorescence quenching and circular dichroism methods were used to evaluate protein binding constants on the nanosurface and conformational changes after the protein-NM interactions, respectively. Competitive binding of TRF, ngTRF, and BSA to the surface of different NMs was evaluated by separating them after extraction from protein corona by gel electrophoresis following quantification with a commercial protein assay. The results showed that the binding strength between NMs and transferrin and the changes in the secondary protein structure largely depend not only on NM physicochemical properties but also on the protein glycosylation status. Data gained by this study highlight the relevance of protein glycosylation for all future design, development, and efficacy and safety assessment of NMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinea Barbir
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, Zagreb 10 000, Croatia
| | - Rafael Ramírez Jiménez
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), Universidad de Zaragoza - CSIC and CIBER-BBN, Zaragoza 50018, Spain
| | - Rafael Martín-Rapún
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), Universidad de Zaragoza - CSIC and CIBER-BBN, Zaragoza 50018, Spain
| | - Vida Strasser
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, Zagreb 10 000, Croatia
| | - Darija Domazet Jurašin
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, Zagreb 10 000, Croatia
| | - Sanja Dabelić
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Ante Kovačića 1, Zagreb 10 000, Croatia
| | - Jesus M de la Fuente
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), Universidad de Zaragoza - CSIC and CIBER-BBN, Zaragoza 50018, Spain
| | - Ivana Vinković Vrček
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, Zagreb 10 000, Croatia
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17
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Kamali Shahri SM, Sharifi S, Mahmoudi M. Interdependency of influential parameters in therapeutic nanomedicine. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2021; 18:1379-1394. [PMID: 33887999 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2021.1921732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction:Current challenges to successful clinical translation of therapeutic nanomedicine have discouraged many stakeholders, including patients. Significant effort has been devoted to uncovering the reasons behind the less-than-expected success, beyond failures or ineffectiveness, of therapeutic nanomedicine products (e.g. cancer nanomedicine). Until we understand and address the factors that limit the safety and efficacy of NPs, both individually and in combination, successful clinical development will lag.Areas covered:This review highlights the critical roles of interdependent factors affecting the safety and therapeutic efficacy of therapeutic NPs for drug delivery applications.Expert opinion:Deep analysis of the current nanomedical literature reveals ahistory of unanticipated complexity by awide range of stakeholders including researchers. In the manufacture of nanomedicines themselves, there have been persistent difficulties with reproducibility and batch-to-batch variation. The unanticipated complexity and interdependency of nano-bio parameters has delayed our recognition of important factors affecting the safety and therapeutic efficacy of nanomedicine products. These missteps have had many factors including our lack of understanding of the interdependency of various factors affecting the biological identity and fate of NPs and biased interpretation of data. All these issues could raise significant concern regarding the reproducibility- or even the validity- of past publications that in turn formed the basis of many clinical trials of therapeutic nanomedicines. Therefore, the individual and combined effects of previously overlooked factors on the safety and therapeutic efficacy of NPs need to be fully considered in nanomedicine reports and product development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mehdi Kamali Shahri
- Department of Radiology and Precision Health Program, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Shahriar Sharifi
- Department of Radiology and Precision Health Program, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Morteza Mahmoudi
- Department of Radiology and Precision Health Program, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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18
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Abarca-Cabrera L, Fraga-García P, Berensmeier S. Bio-nano interactions: binding proteins, polysaccharides, lipids and nucleic acids onto magnetic nanoparticles. Biomater Res 2021; 25:12. [PMID: 33883044 PMCID: PMC8059211 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-021-00212-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The major interest in nanoparticles as an application platform for biotechnology arises from their high surface-to-volume ratio. Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are particularly appealing due to their superparamagnetic behavior, which enables bioseparation using external magnetic fields. In order to design advanced biomaterials, improve binding capacities and develop innovative processing solutions, a thorough understanding of the factors governing organic-inorganic binding in solution is critical but has not yet been achieved, given the wide variety of chemical and physical influences. This paper offers a critical review of experimental studies of the interactions between low cost IONPs (bare iron oxides, silica-coated or easily-functionalized surfaces) and the main groups of biomolecules: proteins, lipids, nucleic acids and carbohydrates. Special attention is devoted to the driving forces and interdependencies responsible of interactions at the solid-liquid interface, to the unique structural characteristics of each biomolecular class, and to environmental conditions influencing adsorption. Furthermore, studies focusing on mixtures, which are still rare, but absolutely necessary to understand the biocorona, are also included. This review concludes with a discussion of future work needed to fill the gaps in knowledge of bio-nano interactions, seeking to improve nanoparticles' targeting capabilities in complex systems, and to open the door for multipurpose recognition and bioseparation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Abarca-Cabrera
- Bioseparation Engineering Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Paula Fraga-García
- Bioseparation Engineering Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching bei München, Germany.
| | - Sonja Berensmeier
- Bioseparation Engineering Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching bei München, Germany
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19
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Cevaal PM, Ali A, Czuba-Wojnilowicz E, Symons J, Lewin SR, Cortez-Jugo C, Caruso F. In Vivo T Cell-Targeting Nanoparticle Drug Delivery Systems: Considerations for Rational Design. ACS NANO 2021; 15:3736-3753. [PMID: 33600163 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c09514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
T cells play an important role in immunity and repair and are implicated in diseases, including blood cancers, viral infections, and inflammation, making them attractive targets for the treatment and prevention of diseases. Over recent years, the advent of nanomedicine has shown an increase in studies that use nanoparticles as carriers to deliver therapeutic cargo to T cells for ex vivo and in vivo applications. Nanoparticle-based delivery has several advantages, including the ability to load and protect a variety of drugs, control drug release, improve drug pharmacokinetics and biodistribution, and site- or cell-specific targeting. However, the delivery of nanoparticles to T cells remains a major technological challenge, which is primarily due to the nonphagocytic nature of T cells. In this review, we discuss the physiological barriers to effective T cell targeting and describe the different approaches used to deliver cargo-loaded nanoparticles to T cells for the treatment of disease such as T cell lymphoma and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In particular, engineering strategies that aim to improve nanoparticle internalization by T cells, including ligand-based targeting, will be highlighted. These nanoparticle engineering approaches are expected to inspire the development of effective nanomaterials that can target or manipulate the function of T cells for the treatment of T cell-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ewa Czuba-Wojnilowicz
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | | | - Sharon R Lewin
- Victorian Infectious Diseases, Royal Melbourne Hospital at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Christina Cortez-Jugo
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Frank Caruso
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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20
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Imperlini E, Celia C, Cevenini A, Mandola A, Raia M, Fresta M, Orrù S, Di Marzio L, Salvatore F. Nano-bio interface between human plasma and niosomes with different formulations indicates protein corona patterns for nanoparticle cell targeting and uptake. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:5251-5269. [PMID: 33666624 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr07229j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Unraveling the proteins interacting with nanoparticles (NPs) in biological fluids, such as blood, is pivotal to rationally design NPs for drug delivery. The protein corona (PrC), formed on the NP surface, represents an interface between biological components and NPs, dictating their pharmacokinetics and biodistribution. PrC composition depends on biological environments around NPs and on their intrinsic physicochemical properties. We generated different formulations of non-ionic surfactant/non-phospholipid vesicles, called niosomes (NIOs), using polysorbates which are biologically safe, cheap, non-toxic and scarcely immunogenic. PrC composition and relative protein abundance for all designed NIOs were evaluated ex vivo in human plasma (HP) by quantitative label-free proteomics. We studied the correlation of the relative protein abundance in the corona with cellular uptake of the PrC-NIOs in healthy and cancer human cell lines. Our results highlight the effects of polysorbates on nano-bio interactions to identify a protein pattern most properly aimed to drive the NIO targeting in vivo, and assess the best conditions of PrC-NIO NP uptake into the cells. This study dissected the biological identity in HP of polysorbate-NIOs, thus contributing to shorten their passage from preclinical to clinical studies and to lay the foundations for a personalized PrC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Celia
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Chieti-Pescara "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy.
| | - Armando Cevenini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, Italy. and CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate S.c.a r.l., Napoli, Italy.
| | - Annalisa Mandola
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate S.c.a r.l., Napoli, Italy. and Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere, Università "Parthenope", Napoli, Italy
| | - Maddalena Raia
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate S.c.a r.l., Napoli, Italy.
| | - Massimo Fresta
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università "Magna Graecia" di Catanzaro, Campus Universitario "S. Venuta", Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefania Orrù
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate S.c.a r.l., Napoli, Italy. and Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere, Università "Parthenope", Napoli, Italy
| | - Luisa Di Marzio
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Chieti-Pescara "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy.
| | - Francesco Salvatore
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, Italy. and CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate S.c.a r.l., Napoli, Italy.
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21
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Peñas-Martínez J, Barrachina MN, Cuenca-Zamora EJ, Luengo-Gil G, Bravo SB, Caparrós-Pérez E, Teruel-Montoya R, Eliseo-Blanco J, Vicente V, García Á, Martínez-Martínez I, Ferrer-Marín F. Qualitative and Quantitative Comparison of Plasma Exosomes from Neonates and Adults. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041926. [PMID: 33672065 PMCID: PMC7919666 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that contain nucleic acids, lipids and metabolites, and play a critical role in health and disease as mediators of intercellular communication. The majority of extracellular vesicles in the blood are platelet-derived. Compared to adults, neonatal platelets are hyporeactive and show impaired granule release, associated with defects in Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion Attachment protein REceptor (SNARE) proteins. Since these proteins participate in biogenesis of exosomes, we investigated the potential differences between newborn and adult plasma-derived exosomes. Plasma-derived exosomes were isolated by ultracentrifugation of umbilical cord blood from full-term neonates or peripheral blood from adults. Exosome characterization included size determination by transmission electron microscopy and quantitative proteomic analysis. Plasma-derived exosomes from neonates were significantly smaller and contained 65% less protein than those from adults. Remarkably, 131 proteins were found to be differentially expressed, 83 overexpressed and 48 underexpressed in neonatal (vs. adult) exosomes. Whereas the upregulated proteins in plasma exosomes from neonates are associated with platelet activation, coagulation and granule secretion, most of the underexpressed proteins are immunoglobulins. This is the first study showing that exosome size and content change with age. Our findings may contribute to elucidating the potential “developmental hemostatic mismatch risk” associated with transfusions containing plasma exosomes from adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Peñas-Martínez
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30003 Murcia, Spain; (J.P.-M.); (E.J.C.-Z.); (G.L.-G.); (E.C.-P.); (R.T.-M.); (V.V.)
| | - María N. Barrachina
- Platelet Proteomics Group, Centro Singular de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela e Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (M.N.B.); (Á.G.)
| | - Ernesto José Cuenca-Zamora
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30003 Murcia, Spain; (J.P.-M.); (E.J.C.-Z.); (G.L.-G.); (E.C.-P.); (R.T.-M.); (V.V.)
| | - Ginés Luengo-Gil
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30003 Murcia, Spain; (J.P.-M.); (E.J.C.-Z.); (G.L.-G.); (E.C.-P.); (R.T.-M.); (V.V.)
- Grupo de Investigación en Patología Molecular y Farmacogenética, Departamento de Dermatología, Estomatología, Radiología y Medicina Física, Hospital General Universitario Santa Lucía, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30202 Cartagena, Spain
| | - Susana Belén Bravo
- Servicio de Proteomica, e Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Hospital ClínicoUniversitario de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Eva Caparrós-Pérez
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30003 Murcia, Spain; (J.P.-M.); (E.J.C.-Z.); (G.L.-G.); (E.C.-P.); (R.T.-M.); (V.V.)
| | - Raúl Teruel-Montoya
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30003 Murcia, Spain; (J.P.-M.); (E.J.C.-Z.); (G.L.-G.); (E.C.-P.); (R.T.-M.); (V.V.)
- U-765-CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Eliseo-Blanco
- Servicio de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Hospital Clínico Virgen de la Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Vicente Vicente
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30003 Murcia, Spain; (J.P.-M.); (E.J.C.-Z.); (G.L.-G.); (E.C.-P.); (R.T.-M.); (V.V.)
- U-765-CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel García
- Platelet Proteomics Group, Centro Singular de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela e Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (M.N.B.); (Á.G.)
| | - Irene Martínez-Martínez
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30003 Murcia, Spain; (J.P.-M.); (E.J.C.-Z.); (G.L.-G.); (E.C.-P.); (R.T.-M.); (V.V.)
- U-765-CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28220 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (I.M.-M.); (F.F.-M.); Tel.: +34-968341990 (I.M-M. & F.F.-M.)
| | - Francisca Ferrer-Marín
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30003 Murcia, Spain; (J.P.-M.); (E.J.C.-Z.); (G.L.-G.); (E.C.-P.); (R.T.-M.); (V.V.)
- U-765-CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28220 Madrid, Spain
- Grado de Medicina, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
- Correspondence: (I.M.-M.); (F.F.-M.); Tel.: +34-968341990 (I.M-M. & F.F.-M.)
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22
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Mishra RK, Ahmad A, Vyawahare A, Alam P, Khan TH, Khan R. Biological effects of formation of protein corona onto nanoparticles. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 175:1-18. [PMID: 33508360 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Administration of nanomaterials based medicinal and drug carrier systems into systemic circulation brings about interaction of blood components e.g. albumin and globulin proteins with these nanosystems. These blood or serum proteins either get loosely attached over these nanocarriers and form soft protein corona or are tightly adsorbed over nanoparticles and hard protein corona formation occurs. Formation of protein corona has significant implications over a wide array of physicochemical and medicinal attributes. Almost all pharmacological, toxicological and carrier characteristics of nanoparticles get prominently touched by the protein corona formation. It is this interaction of nanoparticle protein corona that decides and influences fate of nanomaterials-based systems. In this article, authors reviewed several diverse aspects of protein corona formation and its implications on various possible outcomes in vivo and in vitro. A brief description regarding formation and types of protein corona has been included along with mechanisms and pharmacokinetic, pharmacological behavior and toxicological profiles of nanoparticles has been described. Finally, significance of protein corona in context of its in vivo and in vitro behavior, involvement of biomolecules at nanoparticle plasma interface and other interfaces and effects of protein corona on biocompatibility characteristics have also been touched upon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar Mishra
- Department of Nano-Therapeutics, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Habitat Centre, Phase 10, Sector 64, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Anas Ahmad
- Department of Nano-Therapeutics, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Habitat Centre, Phase 10, Sector 64, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Akshay Vyawahare
- Department of Nano-Therapeutics, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Habitat Centre, Phase 10, Sector 64, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Pravej Alam
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, PO box 173, Alkharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Rehan Khan
- Department of Nano-Therapeutics, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Habitat Centre, Phase 10, Sector 64, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India.
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23
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Pujol-Vila F, Aveling Jenkins AT, Muñoz-Berbel X, Mas Gordi J. Nanoplasmonic Paper-Based Platform for General Screening of Biomacromolecules. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E2335. [PMID: 33255587 PMCID: PMC7760946 DOI: 10.3390/nano10122335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hygiene assessment in industrial and clinical environments is crucial in the prevention of health risks. Current technologies for routine cleanliness evaluation rely on the detection of specific biomolecules, thus requiring more than one test for broad-range screening. Herein, the modulation of the catalytic activity of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) by biomacromolecules was employed to develop a nanoplasmonic platform for general hygiene screening. AuNPs were immobilized on cellulose paper by simple adsorption. When ferricyanide was dispensed onto the paper, the AuNPs catalysed the ferricyanide's dissociation, releasing free cyanide ions that dissolved them. The AuNP dissolution produced an intense colour shift detectable with the naked eye. When biomacromolecules (e.g., proteins and polysaccharides) were present, they spontaneously attached to AuNPs, forming a biomolecular corona (biocorona), reducing their catalytic activity until complete suppression when the NPs were fully covered by molecules. The concentration-dependent decrease in the catalytic activity was here used to quantify biomacromolecules and complex samples such as milk, eggs, soy sauce and yeast extract (in 20 min), with detection limits comparable to those of standard methods, i.e., 0.25 µg mL-1 for albumin. This nano-enabled technology may be applied as a broad-range (unspecific) alert system for inexpensive cleanliness evaluation, with potential applications in sensitive sectors including productive industries and hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferran Pujol-Vila
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
| | | | - Xavier Muñoz-Berbel
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Jordi Mas Gordi
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
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24
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Abstract
Nanomedicine is an interdisciplinary field of research, comprising science, engineering, and medicine. Many are the clinical applications of nanomedicine, such as molecular imaging, medical diagnostics, targeted therapy, and image-guided surgery. Despite major advances during the past 20 years, many efforts must be done to understand the complex behavior of nanoparticles (NPs) under physiological conditions, the kinetic and thermodynamic principles, involved in the rational design of NP. Once administrated in physiological environment, NPs interact with biomolecules and they are surrounded by protein corona (PC) or biocorona. PC can trigger an immune response, affecting NPs toxicity and targeting capacity. This review aims to provide a detailed description of biocorona and of parameters that are able to control PC formation and composition. Indeed, the review provides an overview about the role of PC in the modulation of both cytotoxicity and immune response as well as in the control of targeting capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Fasoli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
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25
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Richtering W, Alberg I, Zentel R. Nanoparticles in the Biological Context: Surface Morphology and Protein Corona Formation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2002162. [PMID: 32856393 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202002162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A recent paper demonstrated that the formation of a protein corona is not a general property of all types of nanosized objects. In fact, it varies between a massive aggregation of plasma proteins onto the nanoparticle down to traces (e.g., a few proteins per 10 nanoparticles), which can only be determined by mass spectrometry in comparison to appropriate negative controls and background subtraction. Here, differences between various types of nanosized objects are discussed in order to determine general structure-property-relations from a physico-chemical viewpoint. It is highlighted that "not all nanoparticles are alike" and shown that their internal morphology, especially the difference between a strongly hydrated/swollen shell versus a sharp "hard" surface and its accessibility, is most relevant for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Richtering
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Irina Alberg
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Rudolf Zentel
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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26
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Identification of a Profile of Neutrophil-Derived Granule Proteins in the Surface of Gold Nanoparticles after Their Interaction with Human Breast Cancer Sera. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10061223. [PMID: 32586001 PMCID: PMC7353125 DOI: 10.3390/nano10061223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that the interaction of a nanomaterial with a biological fluid leads to the formation of a protein corona (PC) surrounding the nanomaterial. Using standard blood analyses, alterations in protein patterns are difficult to detect. PC acts as a “nano-concentrator” of serum proteins with affinity for nanoparticles’ surface. Consequently, characterization of PC could allow detection of otherwise undetectable changes in protein concentration at an early stage of a disease, such as breast cancer (BC). Here, we employed gold nanoparticles (AuNPsdiameter: 10.02 ± 0.91 nm) as an enrichment platform to analyze the human serum proteome of BC patients (n = 42) and healthy controls (n = 42). Importantly, the analysis of the PC formed around AuNPs after their interaction with serum samples of BC patients showed a profile of proteins that could differentiate breast cancer patients from healthy controls. These proteins developed a significant role in the immune and/or innate immune system, some of them being neutrophil-derived granule proteins. The analysis of the PC also revealed serum proteome alterations at the subtype level.
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27
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Elechalawar CK, Hossen MN, McNally L, Bhattacharya R, Mukherjee P. Analysing the nanoparticle-protein corona for potential molecular target identification. J Control Release 2020; 322:122-136. [PMID: 32165239 PMCID: PMC7675788 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
When nanoparticles are introduced into biological systems, host proteins tend to associate on the particle surface to form a protein layer termed the "protein corona" (PC). Identifying the proteins that constitute the PC can yield useful information about nanoparticle processing, bio-distribution, toxicity and clearance. Similarly, characterizing and identifying proteins within the PC from patient samples provides opportunities to probe disease proteomes and identify molecules that influence the disease process. Thus, nanoparticles represent unique probing tools for discovery of molecular targets for diseases. Here, we report a first review on target identification using nanoparticles in biological samples based on analysing physico chemical interactions. We also summarize the evolution of the PC surrounding various nano-systems, comment on PC signature, address PC complexity in fluids, and outline challenges associated with analysing the PC. In addition, the influence on PC formation of various nanoparticle parameters is summarized; nanoparticle characteristics considered include size, charge, temperature, and surface modifications for both organic and inorganic nanomaterials. We also discuss the advantages of nanotechnology, over other more invasive and laborious methods, for identifying potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Md Nazir Hossen
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Lacey McNally
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Resham Bhattacharya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Priyabrata Mukherjee
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- Munishwar Nath Gupta
- Former Professor, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Ipsita Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
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