1
|
Zheng X, Sun R, Dai Z, He L, Li C. Distribution and risk assessment of microplastics in typical ecosystems in the South China Sea. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 883:163678. [PMID: 37100141 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic pollution in the marine environment has attracted worldwide attention. The South China Sea is considered a hotspot for microplastic pollution due to the developed industries and high population density around the South China Sea. The accumulation of microplastics in ecosystems can adversely affect the health of the environment and organisms. This paper reviews the recent microplastic studies conducted in the South China Sea, which novelty summarizes the abundance, types, and potential hazards of microplastics in coral reef ecosystems, mangrove ecosystems, seagrass bed ecosystems, and macroalgal ecosystems. A summary of the microplastic pollution status of four ecosystems and a risk assessment provides a more comprehensive understanding of the impact of microplastic pollution on marine ecosystems in the South China Sea. Microplastic abundances of up to 45,200 items/m3 were reported in coral reef surface waters, 5738.3 items/kg in mangrove sediments, and 927.3 items/kg in seagrass bed sediments. There are few studies of microplastics in the South China Sea macroalgae ecosystems. However, studies from other areas indicate that macroalgae can accumulate microplastics and are more likely to enter the food chain or be consumed by humans. Finally, this paper compared the current risk levels of microplastics in the coral reef, mangrove, and seagrass bed ecosystems based on available studies. Pollution load index (PLI) ranges from 3 to 31 in mangrove ecosystems, 5.7 to 11.9 in seagrass bed ecosystems, and 6.1 to 10.2 in coral reef ecosystems, respectively. The PLI index varies considerably between mangroves depending on the intensity of anthropogenic activity around the mangrove. Further studies on seagrass beds and macroalgal ecosystems are required to extend our understanding of microplastic pollution in marine environments. Recent microplastic detection in fish muscle tissue in mangroves requires more research to further the biological impact of microplastic ingestion and the potential food safety risks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuanjing Zheng
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518108, China; School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Ruikun Sun
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Zhenqing Dai
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518108, China.
| | - Lei He
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Chengyong Li
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518108, China; School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhao H, Chen Y, Zheng Y, Xu J, Zhang C, Fu M, Xiong K. Conjunctival sac microbiome in anophthalmic patients: Flora diversity and the impact of ocular prosthesis materials. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1117673. [PMID: 36960044 PMCID: PMC10027910 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1117673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To explore the changes of bacterial flora in anophthalmic patients wearing ocular prosthesis (OP) and the microbiome diversity in conditions of different OP materials. Methods A cross-sectional clinical study was conducted, involving 19 OP patients and 23 healthy subjects. Samples were collected from the upper, lower palpebral, caruncle, and fornix conjunctiva. 16S rRNA sequencing was applied to identify the bacterial flora in the samples. The eye comfort of each OP patient was determined by a questionnaire. In addition, demographics information of each participant was also collected. Results The diversity and richness of ocular flora in OP patients were significantly higher than that in healthy subjects. The results of flora species analysis also indicated that in OP patients, pathogenic microorganisms such as Escherichia Shigella and Fusobacterium increased significantly, while the resident flora of Lactobacillus and Lactococcus decreased significantly. Within the self-comparison of OP patients, compared with Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA), prosthetic material of glass will lead to the increased colonization of opportunistic pathogens such as Alcaligenes, Dermabacter and Spirochaetes, while gender and age have no significant impact on ocular flora. Conclusions The ocular flora of OP patients was significantly different from that of healthy people. Abundant colonization of pathogenic microorganisms may have an important potential relationship with eye discomfort and eye diseases of OP patients. PMMA, as an artificial eye material, demonstrated potential advantages in reducing the colonization of opportunistic pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hejia Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanjun Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yixu Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chenyu Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Ke Xiong, ; Min Fu,
| | - Ke Xiong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Ke Xiong, ; Min Fu,
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tiecco G, Degli Antoni M, Storti S, Marchese V, Focà E, Torti C, Castelli F, Quiros-Roldan E. A 2021 Update on Syphilis: Taking Stock from Pathogenesis to Vaccines. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10111364. [PMID: 34832520 PMCID: PMC8620723 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10111364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2021 the scientific community’s efforts have been focused on solving the back-breaking challenge of the COVID-19 pandemic, but sexually transmitted infections (STI) are still one of the most common global health problems. Syphilis is a systemic disease caused by the spirochaete Treponema pallidum (TP) and is one of the oldest known diseases. Its incidence has increased in the last few years and syphilis still remains a contemporary plague that continues to afflict millions of people worldwide. Despite research improvements, syphilis pathogenesis is not completely clear; clinical presentation is very heterogeneous and the diagnosis can sometimes be difficult. Furthermore, few therapeutic options are available, and a vaccine has not been found yet. In this review, we describe the most recent evidence concerning the clinical manifestation, diagnosis, treatment and vaccine prospectives for this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Tiecco
- Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, ASST Spedali di Brescia, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (G.T.); (M.D.A.); (S.S.); (V.M.); (E.F.); (F.C.)
| | - Melania Degli Antoni
- Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, ASST Spedali di Brescia, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (G.T.); (M.D.A.); (S.S.); (V.M.); (E.F.); (F.C.)
| | - Samuele Storti
- Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, ASST Spedali di Brescia, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (G.T.); (M.D.A.); (S.S.); (V.M.); (E.F.); (F.C.)
| | - Valentina Marchese
- Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, ASST Spedali di Brescia, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (G.T.); (M.D.A.); (S.S.); (V.M.); (E.F.); (F.C.)
| | - Emanuele Focà
- Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, ASST Spedali di Brescia, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (G.T.); (M.D.A.); (S.S.); (V.M.); (E.F.); (F.C.)
| | - Carlo Torti
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Francesco Castelli
- Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, ASST Spedali di Brescia, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (G.T.); (M.D.A.); (S.S.); (V.M.); (E.F.); (F.C.)
| | - Eugenia Quiros-Roldan
- Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, ASST Spedali di Brescia, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (G.T.); (M.D.A.); (S.S.); (V.M.); (E.F.); (F.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-(030)-399-5677
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xie H, Chen J, Feng L, He L, Zhou C, Hong P, Sun S, Zhao H, Liang Y, Ren L, Zhang Y, Li C. Chemotaxis-selective colonization of mangrove rhizosphere microbes on nine different microplastics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 752:142223. [PMID: 33207502 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics pollution poses a new threat to the environment of intertidal zone. The sea forest, mangrove, has been polluted by a large number of plastic debris worldwide. To fill the gaps in knowledge of mangrove rhizosphere microbes connected with the 'plasticsphere', a semi-controlled in situ exposure experiment for nine different types of microplastics were conducted in mangrove ecosystem. A sign of biodegrading was observed on polyethylene, polyamide 6 and polyvinyl chloride microplastics surface after 3 months exposure. We discovered that the metabolic activities of the dominant bacteria on certain microplastics were related to the specific groups on polymers molecule. The selective colonization may be driven by the chemotaxis of bacteria. Specially, microplastics biofilms of polyethylene, polyamide 6, polyvinyl chloride and expanded polystyrene possess distinctive dominant bacteria assemblages which have great significance in ecosystem processes involving carbon cycle or sulfur cycle. Community of mangrove soil microorganism and microplastic biofilm varies as the seasons changes. As a new niche, microplastics has higher inclusivity to bacteria than surrounding soil. Additionally, pathogens for human beings (Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Escherichia-Shigella) were detected both in microplastics and soil. We stress that the interaction between microplastics and rhizosphere microorganisms may affect the growth and health of mangrove plants. Besides, we point out that mangrove rhizosphere microorganism can be an ideal candidate for plastics-degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huifeng Xie
- School of Chemistry and Environment, School of Food Science and Technology, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China
| | - Jinjun Chen
- School of Chemistry and Environment, School of Food Science and Technology, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China
| | - Limin Feng
- School of Chemistry and Environment, School of Food Science and Technology, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China
| | - Lei He
- School of Chemistry and Environment, School of Food Science and Technology, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China
| | - Chunxia Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Environment, School of Food Science and Technology, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China; Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518120, PR China
| | - Pengzhi Hong
- School of Chemistry and Environment, School of Food Science and Technology, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China; Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518120, PR China
| | - Shengli Sun
- School of Chemistry and Environment, School of Food Science and Technology, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China
| | - Hui Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Environment, School of Food Science and Technology, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China
| | - Yanqiu Liang
- School of Chemistry and Environment, School of Food Science and Technology, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China
| | - Lei Ren
- School of Chemistry and Environment, School of Food Science and Technology, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China
| | - Yueqin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Environment, School of Food Science and Technology, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China
| | - Chengyong Li
- School of Chemistry and Environment, School of Food Science and Technology, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China; Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518120, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|