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Weber D, Koller M, Theuns D, Yap S, Kühne M, Sticherling C, Reichlin T, Szili-Torok T, Osswald S, Schaer B. Predicting defibrillator benefit in patients with cardiac resynchronization therapy: A competing risk study. Heart Rhythm 2019; 16:1057-1064. [PMID: 30710738 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2019.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) reduces morbidity and mortality in selected heart failure patients, but decision-making regarding selection of CRT-defibrillator or CRT-pacemaker is an ongoing debate. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to construct predictive models and scoring systems for implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) therapy and death without ICD therapy (prior death). METHODS We pooled 2 prospective cohorts of CRT-D patients with primary prevention indication and used Fine and Gray models to develop independent prognostic models for time to first ICD therapy (event of interest) or death without prior ICD therapy (competing event). We defined CRT-D benefit as a high probability of ICD therapy combined with moderate/low probability of prior death. RESULTS Seven hundred twenty patients were included. Median follow-up was 7.2 years, and 247 patients (34%) died. Cumulative incidence of ICD therapy/prior death at 5 years was 24%/17%. In multivariable models, higher New York Heart Association classes, diuretic use, and ischemic cardiomyopathy were predictors of ICD therapy (hazard ratio 1.89 [1.30-2.75], 1.91 [1.12-3.24], and 1.40[1.02-1.92], respectively) but not of prior death. Males with comorbidities (cancer, renal failure, peripheral artery disease, body mass index >30) or systolic blood pressure ≤100 were at higher risk for prior death. Higher age was associated with lower risk of ICD therapy but higher risk of prior death. One-quarter of patients had low predicted benefit from CRT-D implantation using a scoring system for the dual prediction of appropriate ICD therapy and death without appropriate ICD-therapy. CONCLUSION Different factors predict ICD therapy or prior death in CRT-D patients using competing risk models. Scoring allows identifying patients with predicted low benefit of CRT-D (low chance of ICD therapy, high chance of prior death).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea Weber
- Swiss Transplant Cohort, University Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Koller
- Swiss Transplant Cohort, University Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dominic Theuns
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sing Yap
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Kühne
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Sticherling
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Reichlin
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tamas Szili-Torok
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Osswald
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Beat Schaer
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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Gunten SV, Theuns DA, Kühne M, Reichlin T, Sticherling C, Schaer B. Predictors for early mortality and arrhythmic events in patients with cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator: A two center cohort study. Cardiol J 2018; 26:711-716. [PMID: 30484267 DOI: 10.5603/cj.a2018.0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Guidelines of heart failure therapy include cardiac resynchronization as standard of care in patients with severely depressed left ventricular function and wide QRS complex. It has been shown that patients benefit regarding mortality and morbidity. However, early mortality precludes longterm benefits from the device. The aim of the study was to identify predictors for early occurrence of both death and first-ever implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) therapy using a large combined database of patients with cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator (CRT-D). METHODS From two registries (tertiary care centers) 904 patients were identified, no single patient was excluded. Early death was defined as death occurring within the 3 years after implantation whereas early ICD therapy as such occurring within the first year. 33 baseline parameters were compared using uni- and multivariate analysis with the Cox model and binary logistic regression. RESULTS The population was predominantly male (77%), with mean age of 63 ± 11 years and primary prevention indication in 80%. Mean follow-up was 55 ± 38 months. 256 (28%) patients had ICD therapies whereof the first-ever event occurred early in 52%. 270 (30%) patients died after 41 ± ± 31 months, mostly from advancing heart failure (41%), 141 (52%) patients of them early. Independent predictors for early ICD therapy were secondary prevention and renal failure. Independent predictors for early mortality were a history of percutaneous coronary intervention and of peripheral vascular disease. CONCLUSIONS Predictors for early mortality after CRT-D implantation were a history of percutaneous coronary intervention and peripheral vascular disease, present in only a minority of patients, thus limiting their use in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon von Gunten
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dominic A Theuns
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Kühne
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Reichlin
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Beat Schaer
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.
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Narducci ML, Biffi M, Ammendola E, Vado A, Campana A, Potenza DR, Iori M, Zanon F, Zacà V, Zoni Berisso M, Bertini M, Lissoni F, Bandini A, Malacrida M, Crea F. Appropriate implantable cardioverter-defibrillator interventions in cardiac resynchronization therapy–defibrillator (CRT-D) patients undergoing device replacement: time to downgrade from CRT-D to CRT-pacemaker? Insights from real-world clinical practice in the DECODE CRT-D analysis. Europace 2018; 20:1475-1483. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/eux323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lucia Narducci
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Catholic University of Sacred Heart Rome, Via Largo Francesco Vito, 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Biffi
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Sant’Orsola Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Andrea Campana
- A.O. Universitaria S. Giovanni Di Dio E Ruggi D’Aragona, Salerno, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Iori
- A.O. IRCCS Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova Di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | | | - Valerio Zacà
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico S. Maria Delle Scotte, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Bertini
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Di Ferrara Arcispedale S. Anna, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Filippo Crea
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Catholic University of Sacred Heart Rome, Via Largo Francesco Vito, 1, Rome, Italy
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Hong M, Chen ZG, Yang L, Zou YC, Dargusch MS, Wang H, Zou J. Realizing zT of 2.3 in Ge 1-x-y Sb x In y Te via Reducing the Phase-Transition Temperature and Introducing Resonant Energy Doping. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018. [PMID: 29349887 DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201701797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
GeTe with rhombohedral-to-cubic phase transition is a promising lead-free thermoelectric candidate. Herein, theoretical studies reveal that cubic GeTe has superior thermoelectric behavior, which is linked to (1) the two valence bands to enhance the electronic transport coefficients and (2) stronger enharmonic phonon-phonon interactions to ensure a lower intrinsic thermal conductivity. Experimentally, based on Ge1-x Sbx Te with optimized carrier concentration, a record-high figure-of-merit of 2.3 is achieved via further doping with In, which induces the distortion of the density of states near the Fermi level. Moreover, Sb and In codoping reduces the phase-transition temperature to extend the better thermoelectric behavior of cubic GeTe to low temperature. Additionally, electronic microscopy characterization demonstrates grain boundaries, a high-density of stacking faults, and nanoscale precipitates, which together with the inevitable point defects result in a dramatically decreased thermal conductivity. The fundamental investigation and experimental demonstration provide an important direction for the development of high-performance Pb-free thermoelectric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hong
- Materials Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
- Centre for Future Materials, The University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, Queensland, 4300, Australia
| | - Zhi-Gang Chen
- Materials Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
- Centre for Future Materials, The University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, Queensland, 4300, Australia
| | - Lei Yang
- Materials Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Yi-Chao Zou
- Materials Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Matthew S Dargusch
- Materials Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Hao Wang
- Centre for Future Materials, The University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, Queensland, 4300, Australia
| | - Jin Zou
- Materials Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
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