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Zhang Y, Li S, Qiao X, Guan Q, Li W. Efficient and stable N-heterocyclic ketone-Cu complex catalysts for acetylene hydrochlorination: the promotion effect of ligands revealed from DFT calculations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:25581-25593. [PMID: 37721015 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02514d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Cu-based catalysts are a promising alternative to toxic mercury catalysts for acetylene hydrochlorination, but their effectiveness is limited due to the poor dispersion and deactivation caused by reduction, agglomeration, and carbon deposition. In this study, the activity and stability of carbon-supported CuCl2 catalysts were largely improved by introducing N-heterocyclic ketones. Remarkably, N-methyl-2-pyridone (NM2P) coordinated Cu-based catalysts exhibited over 95% acetylene conversion with better stability under the reaction conditions of T = 180 °C, GHSV (C2H2) of 80 h-1, and VHCl/VC2H2 = 1.2. The combined results of characterization and exhaustive density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that the O-Cu coordination between the NM2P ligand and Cu cation strengthened the combination of reactants and Cu active sites, lowering the key reaction energy barrier, thereby leading to high activity. Meanwhile, the addition of the NM2P ligand significantly inhibited the reduction of Cu2+ to Cu+/Cu0, avoiding the formation of CuCl aggregates and the coking caused by Cu0, enhancing the catalytic stability. Overall, our study provides important insights into the design and optimization of Cu-based catalysts for acetylene hydrochlorination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Zhang
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Nankai University, No. 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China.
| | - Sen Li
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Nankai University, No. 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China.
| | - Xianliang Qiao
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Nankai University, No. 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China.
| | - Qingxin Guan
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Nankai University, No. 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Li
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Nankai University, No. 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China.
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2
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Wang B, Yue Y, Pang X, Yu M, Wang T, Chang R, Pan Z, Zhao J, Li X. Nature of HCl oxidation Au anomalies and activation of non-carbon-material-supported Au catalyst. J Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2021.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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3
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Dawson SR, Pattisson S, Malta G, Dummer NF, Smith LR, Lazaridou A, Allen CS, Davies TE, Freakley SJ, Kondrat SA, Kiely CJ, Johnston P, Hutchings GJ. Sulfur Promotion in Au/C Catalyzed Acetylene Hydrochlorination. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2007221. [PMID: 33629821 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202007221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The formation of highly active and stable acetylene hydrochlorination catalysts is of great industrial importance. The successful replacement of the highly toxic mercuric chloride catalyst with gold has led to a flurry of research in this area. One key aspect, which led to the commercialization of the gold catalyst is the use of thiosulphate as a stabilizing ligand. This study investigates the use of a range of sulfur containing compounds as promoters for production of highly active Au/C catalysts. Promotion is observed across a range of metal sulfates, non-metal sulfates, and sulfuric acid treatments. This observed enhancement can be optimized by careful consideration of either pre- or post-treatments, concentration of dopants used, and modification of washing steps. Pre-treatment of the carbon support with sulfuric acid (0.76 m) resulted in the most active Au/C in this series with an acetylene conversion of ≈70% at 200 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon R Dawson
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF103 AT, UK
| | - Samuel Pattisson
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF103 AT, UK
| | - Grazia Malta
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF103 AT, UK
| | - Nicholas F Dummer
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF103 AT, UK
| | - Louise R Smith
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF103 AT, UK
| | - Anna Lazaridou
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF103 AT, UK
| | - Christopher S Allen
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK
- Electron Physical Sciences Imaging Centre, Diamond Light Source Ltd., Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Thomas E Davies
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF103 AT, UK
| | | | - Simon A Kondrat
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Christopher J Kiely
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA
| | - Peter Johnston
- Process Technologies, Johnson Matthey, Billingham, TS23 1LB, UK
| | - Graham J Hutchings
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF103 AT, UK
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Wang P, Yang X, Zhang Y, Gao Y, Zhang J. A structured catalyst with high dispersity of Au species based on hollow SiC foam with porous walls for acetylene hydrochlorination. RSC Adv 2021; 11:19819-19826. [PMID: 35479249 PMCID: PMC9033650 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra02533c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
It is essential to improve the catalytic stability of Au-based catalysts for acetylene hydrochlorination. In this study, a novel hollow SiC foam with porous walls (HSFp) is proposed to modify the Au catalyst distribution on the foam-based structured catalyst. The scanning electron microscopy and 3D X-ray tomography results showed that the hollow structure and the porous ceramic wall of HSFp were successfully obtained. An Au/AC/HSF structured catalyst was prepared by the slurry-coating and impregnation method. Then the effects of the wall pore structure of HSFp on the distribution of Au species and the stability of the catalyst were studied by comparison with a hollow SiC foam with compact walls (HSFc). The HSFp with 3D interconnected hollow channel structure was demonstrated to have a promotion effect on the reaction stability due to its ability to refine the catalyst particles during the impregnation and drying processes. The result indicates that the time on stream of acetylene conversion above 90% over the Au/AC/HSFp structured catalyst reaches about 380 h at an acetylene gaseous hourly space velocity of 130 h−1, which is much longer than that of the Au/AC/HSFc. In addition, a bidirectional diffusion effect that can enhance the catalyst distribution by the porous wall of HSF was proposed in this paper. This may have positive significance in the field of preparation of structured catalysts. A bidirectional drying to achieve high dispersity of structured catalysts using hollow SiC foam with porous walls.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Northeastern University
- Shenyang 110819
- China
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science
| | - Xiaodan Yang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science
- Institute of Metal Research
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shenyang 110016
- China
| | - Ye Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Northeastern University
- Shenyang 110819
- China
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science
| | - Yong Gao
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science
- Institute of Metal Research
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shenyang 110016
- China
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science
- Institute of Metal Research
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shenyang 110016
- China
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5
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Adsorption Behavior and Electron Structure Engineering of Pd-Based Catalysts for Acetylene Hydrochlorination. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adsorption and activation for substrates and the stability of Pd species in Pd-based catalysts are imperative for their wider adoption in industrial and practical applications. However, the influence factor of these aspects has remained unclear. This indicates a need to understand the various perceptions of the structure–function relationship that exists between microstructure and catalytic performance. Herein, we revisit the catalytic performance of supported-ionic-liquid-phase stabilized Pd-based catalysts with nitrogen-containing ligands as a promoter for acetylene hydrochlorination, and try to figure out their regulation. We found that the absolute value of the differential energy, |Eads(C2H2)-Eads(HCl)|, is negative correlated with the stability of palladium catalysts. These findings imply that the optimization of the electron structure provides a new strategy for designing highly active yet durable Pd-based catalysts.
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6
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Synergy between Ionic Liquids and CuCl2 in Gas–Liquid Phase Reactions of Acetylene Hydrochlorination. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9060504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the acetylene hydrochlorination in gas–liquid phase reactions using ionic liquids (IL) as the reaction media and CuCl2 as the catalyst. The Cu-IL catalyst showed strong synergy between the IL and the Cu(II) active catalytic species. For [PrMIm]Cl, the Cu-IL catalyst exhibited significant enhancement of the catalytic activity in comparison with the CuCl2 catalyst supported on activated carbon and the IL alone as the catalyst. We have also performed DFT calculations of the reaction process, which provides a good explanation of our experimental results and for the synergetic effect. Our result suggests that ILs may be used to improve the activity of other metallic catalysts for the hydrochlorination reaction of acetylene.
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Zhao J, Wang B, Yue Y, Sheng G, Lai H, Wang S, Yu L, Zhang Q, Feng F, Hu ZT, Li X. Nitrogen- and phosphorus-codoped carbon-based catalyst for acetylene hydrochlorination. J Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2019.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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He H, Zhao J, Wang B, Yue Y, Sheng G, Wang Q, Yu L, Hu ZT, Li X. Highly Active AuCu-Based Catalysts for Acetylene Hydrochlorination Prepared Using Organic Aqua Regia. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12081310. [PMID: 31013614 PMCID: PMC6515409 DOI: 10.3390/ma12081310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Development of a sustainable process for designing and synthesising an active and stable catalyst for hydrochlorination of acetylene is challenging, yet crucial, for industrial vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) production. Herein, direct synthesis of bimetallic AuCu catalysts using organic aqua regia (OAR) preparation methods was investigated. In comparison with conventional aqua regia (AR), bimetallic AuCu catalysts synthesised from OAR exhibit enhanced activity and stability. After careful characterisation of the catalyst samples using X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD), Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), this observation was justified for the following reasons: 1) the existence of sulphur and nitrogen atoms stabilised the cationic Au active sites, and 2) OAR helped to sustain the function of the Cu promotor by stabilising it. Advanced understanding on the importance of promoter stability has unveiled new perspectives for this research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihua He
- Industrial Catalysis Institute, Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
- Pharmaceutical and Material Engineering School, Jin Hua Polytechnic, Jinhua 321007, China.
| | - Jia Zhao
- Industrial Catalysis Institute, Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Bolin Wang
- Industrial Catalysis Institute, Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Yuxue Yue
- Industrial Catalysis Institute, Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Gangfeng Sheng
- Industrial Catalysis Institute, Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Qingtao Wang
- Industrial Catalysis Institute, Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Lu Yu
- Industrial Catalysis Institute, Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Zhong-Ting Hu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Xiaonian Li
- Industrial Catalysis Institute, Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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9
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Li L, Chen Q, Xiong X, Zhang C, Qian J, Shi J, An Q, Zhang M. Synthesis of polysubstituted pyrroles via a gold(I)-catalyzed tandem three-component reaction at room temperature. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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10
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Xu H, Luo G. Green production of PVC from laboratory to industrialization: State-of-the-art review of heterogeneous non-mercury catalysts for acetylene hydrochlorination. J IND ENG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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11
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Li G, Li W, Zhang J, Zhang W, Zhou H, Si C. The Effect of N‐Doping in Activated Carbon‐Supported Au‐Sr Catalysts for Acetylene Hydrochlorination to Vinyl Chloride. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201800136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangbi Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and ChemistryCollege of Chemical Engineering and Materials ScienceTianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin 300457 P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin University Tianjin 300350 P.R. China
| | - Jinli Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin University Tianjin 300350 P.R. China
| | - Wu Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and ChemistryCollege of Chemical Engineering and Materials ScienceTianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin 300457 P.R. China
| | - Huan Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and ChemistryCollege of Chemical Engineering and Materials ScienceTianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin 300457 P.R. China
| | - Chuan‐Ling Si
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and PaperCollege of Papermaking Science and TechnologyTianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin 300457 P.R. China
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12
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Shang S, Zhao W, Wang Y, Li X, Zhang J, Han Y, Li W. Highly Efficient Ru@IL/AC To Substitute Mercuric Catalyst for Acetylene Hydrochlorination. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Shang
- School of Chemical Engineering
and Technology, Tianjin University; Collaborative Innovation Center
of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Research and Development, Zhuhai Coslight
Battery Co., Ltd, Zhuhai 519100, P. R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering
and Technology, Tianjin University; Collaborative Innovation Center
of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- School of Chemical Engineering
and Technology, Tianjin University; Collaborative Innovation Center
of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Jinli Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering
and Technology, Tianjin University; Collaborative Innovation Center
of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - You Han
- School of Chemical Engineering
and Technology, Tianjin University; Collaborative Innovation Center
of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Chemical Engineering
and Technology, Tianjin University; Collaborative Innovation Center
of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
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13
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Malta G, Freakley SJ, Kondrat SA, Hutchings GJ. Acetylene hydrochlorination using Au/carbon: a journey towards single site catalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:11733-11746. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc05986h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The replacement of mercuric chloride in the production of vinyl chloride monomer, a precursor to PVC, would greatly reduce the environmental impact of this large scale industrial process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Malta
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute
- School of Chemistry
- Cardiff University
- Cardiff
- UK
| | - Simon J. Freakley
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute
- School of Chemistry
- Cardiff University
- Cardiff
- UK
| | - Simon A. Kondrat
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute
- School of Chemistry
- Cardiff University
- Cardiff
- UK
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