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Tu WC, Ding LF, Song LD, Li YJ, Yan RC, Wu Y, Feng WY, Wu XD. Structurally diverse diterpenoids from the seeds of Caesalpinia minax Hance and their bioactivities. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2024; 225:114189. [PMID: 38905919 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2024.114189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Eight previously undescribed diterpenoids, caesamins A-H (1-8), were separated and identified from the seeds of Caesalpinia minax Hance. Their structures were characterized by extensive spectroscopic data and X-ray crystallographic analysis. Structurally, caesamin A (1) is the first cassane-type diterpenoid with a C23 carbon skeleton containing an unusual isopropyl. Caesamin F (6) represents the first example of cleistanthane diterpenoid from the genus Caesalpinia. Caesamins B (2) and F (6) exhibited inhibitory activity against LPS-induced nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 macrophages with IC50 values of 45.67 ± 0.92 and 42.99 ± 0.24 μM, comparable to positive control 43.69 ± 2.62 μM of NG-Monomethyl-L-arginine. Furthermore, the chemotaxonomic significance of the isolates was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chao Tu
- Key Laboratory of Ethnic Medicine Resource Chemistry, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650504, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Lin-Fen Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China; College of Modern Biomedical Industry, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Liu-Dong Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yong-Jiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Ethnic Medicine Resource Chemistry, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650504, China
| | - Run-Cheng Yan
- Key Laboratory of Ethnic Medicine Resource Chemistry, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650504, China
| | - Yun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Ethnic Medicine Resource Chemistry, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650504, China
| | - Wei-Yang Feng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Xing-De Wu
- Key Laboratory of Ethnic Medicine Resource Chemistry, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650504, China.
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Dembitsky VM. Naturally Occurring Norsteroids and Their Design and Pharmaceutical Application. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1021. [PMID: 38790983 PMCID: PMC11117879 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12051021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The main focus of this review is to introduce readers to the fascinating class of lipid molecules known as norsteroids, exploring their distribution across various biotopes and their biological activities. The review provides an in-depth analysis of various modified steroids, including A, B, C, and D-norsteroids, each characterized by distinct structural alterations. These modifications, which range from the removal of specific methyl groups to changes in the steroid core, result in unique molecular architectures that significantly impact their biological activity and therapeutic potential. The discussion on A, B, C, and D-norsteroids sheds light on their unique configurations and how these structural modifications influence their pharmacological properties. The review also presents examples from natural sources that produce a diverse array of steroids with distinct structures, including the aforementioned A, B, C, and D-nor variants. These compounds are sourced from marine organisms like sponges, soft corals, and starfish, as well as terrestrial entities such as plants, fungi, and bacteria. The exploration of these steroids encompasses their biosynthesis, ecological significance, and potential medical applications, highlighting a crucial area of interest in pharmacology and natural product chemistry. The review emphasizes the importance of researching these steroids for drug development, particularly in addressing diseases where conventional medications are inadequate or for conditions lacking sufficient therapeutic options. Examples of norsteroid synthesis are provided to illustrate the practical applications of this research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery M Dembitsky
- Centre for Applied Research, Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Lethbridge College, 3000 College Drive South, Lethbridge, AB T1K 1L6, Canada
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Fei DQ, Li HH, Chen XH, Cui WB, Zhang ZP, Zhan XQ, Wang MJ, Qi FM, Zhang ZX, Li EW. Caesalpinbondin A, a Novel Diterpenoid Lactone With an Unprecedented Carbon Skeleton from the Seeds of Caesalpinia bonduc. Front Chem 2022; 10:911543. [PMID: 35815214 PMCID: PMC9263540 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.911543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
One novel diterpenoid lactone named caesalpinbondin A (1) that possesses an unprecedented tetracyclic ring system in which a 6/6/5-fused tricyclic ring and a 4,5-dimethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one were connected by a C-C single bond comprising a 5-(naphtho [2,3-b]furan-7-yl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one moiety was isolated from the seeds of Caesalpinia bonduc. Its chemical structure was established by extensive spectroscopic methods, and its absolute configuration was further determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and electronic circular dichroism calculation. The biological evaluation suggested that compound 1 demonstrated potent anti-Alzheimer’s disease (AD) bioactivity, which could delay paralysis of transgenic AD Caenorhabditis elegans. A possible biogenetic pathway of 1 was also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Qing Fei
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Dong-Qing Fei, ; Zhan-Xin Zhang, ; Er-Wei Li,
| | - Hui-Hong Li
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Translational Medicine Center, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Han Chen
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wen-Bo Cui
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zong-Ping Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Zhan
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mei-Jie Wang
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Feng-Ming Qi
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhan-Xin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Dong-Qing Fei, ; Zhan-Xin Zhang, ; Er-Wei Li,
| | - Er-Wei Li
- Institutional Center for Shared Technologies and Facilities, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Dong-Qing Fei, ; Zhan-Xin Zhang, ; Er-Wei Li,
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Xu Y, Feng Z, Zhang T, Lv P, Cao J, Li D, Peng C, Lin L. Pimarane Diterpenoids from the Seeds of Caesalpinia minax as PTP1B Inhibitors and Insulin Sensitizers. Molecules 2020; 25:E4674. [PMID: 33066298 PMCID: PMC7587383 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) has been considered as a promising target for treating insulin resistance. In searching for naturally occurring PTB1B antagonists, two new pimarane diterpenoids, named 2α-hydroxy-7-oxo-pimara-8(9),15-diene (1) and 19-hydroxy-2α-acetoxy-7-oxo-pimara-8(9),15-diene (2), were isolated from the seeds of Caesalpinia minax. Their structures were determined by extensive analysis of NMR and HR-ESIMS data, and their absolute configurations were determined by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. Compound 1 was disclosed as a competitive inhibitor of PTP1B with an IC50 (the half-maximal inhibitory concentration) value of 19.44 ± 2.39 µM and a Ki (inhibition constant) value of 13.69 ± 2.72 μM. Moreover, compound 1 dose-dependently promoted insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in C2C12 myotubes through activating insulin signaling pathway. Compound 1 might be further developed as an insulin sensitizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunshao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China; (Y.X.); (Z.F.); (T.Z.); (P.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Zheling Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China; (Y.X.); (Z.F.); (T.Z.); (P.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Tian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China; (Y.X.); (Z.F.); (T.Z.); (P.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Peng Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China; (Y.X.); (Z.F.); (T.Z.); (P.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Jun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China; (Y.X.); (Z.F.); (T.Z.); (P.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China; (D.L.); (C.P.)
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China; (D.L.); (C.P.)
| | - Ligen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China; (Y.X.); (Z.F.); (T.Z.); (P.L.); (J.C.)
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China; (D.L.); (C.P.)
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Jing W, Zhang X, Zhou H, Wang Y, Yang M, Long L, Gao H. Naturally occurring cassane diterpenoids (CAs) of Caesalpinia: A systematic review of its biosynthesis, chemistry and pharmacology. Fitoterapia 2019; 134:226-249. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2019.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Wu ZF, Bao H, Zhou FY, Liu JX, Meng FC, Feng L, Lu JJ, Zhang QW, Ye Y, Lin LG. Cytotoxic cassane diterpenoids from the seeds of Caesalpinia sappan. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2017.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Abstract
This review covers the isolation and chemistry of diterpenoids from terrestrial as opposed to marine sources and includes labdanes, clerodanes, abietanes, pimaranes, kauranes, cembranes and their cyclization products. The literature from January to December, 2016 is reviewed.
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