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Li J, Cao H, Wang Q, Zhang H, Liu Q, Chen C, Shi Z, Li G, Kong Y, Cai Y, Shen J, Wu Y, Lai Z, Han Y, Zhang J. Space-Confined Synthesis of Monolayer Graphdiyne in MXene Interlayer. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2308429. [PMID: 37865868 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Graphdiyne (GDY) is an artificial carbon allotrope that is conceptually similar to graphene but composed of sp- and sp2 -hybridized carbon atoms. Monolayer GDY (ML-GDY) is predicted to be an ideal 2D semiconductor material with a wide range of applications. However, its synthesis has posed a significant challenge, leading to difficulties in experimentally validating theoretical properties. Here, it is reported that in situ acetylenic homocoupling of hexaethynylbenzene within the sub-nanometer interlayer space of MXene can effectively prevent out-of-plane growth or vertical stacking of the material, resulting in ML-GDY with in-plane periodicity. The subsequent exfoliation process successfully yields free-standing GDY monolayers with micrometer-scale lateral dimensions. The fabrication of field-effect transistor on free-standing ML-GDY makes the first measurement of its electronic properties possible. The measured electrical conductivity (5.1 × 103 S m-1 ) and carrier mobility (231.4 cm2 V-1 s-1 ) at room temperature are remarkably higher than those of the previously reported multilayer GDY materials. The space-confined synthesis using layered crystals as templates provides a new strategy for preparing 2D materials with precisely controlled layer numbers and long-range structural order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqiang Li
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haicheng Cao
- Division of Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qingxiao Wang
- Imaging and Characterization Core Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hui Zhang
- Electron Microscopy Center, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Cailing Chen
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Guanxing Li
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ya Kong
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yichen Cai
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jie Shen
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ying Wu
- Division of Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhiping Lai
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yu Han
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Electron Microscopy Center, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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Abstract
Graphdiyne (GDY) is a two-dimensional (2D) electron-rich full-carbon planar material composed of sp2- and sp-hybridized carbon atoms, which features highly conjugated structures, uniformly distributed pores, tunable electronic characteristics and high specific surface areas. The synthesis strategy of GDY by facile coupling reactions under mild conditions provides more convenience for the functional modification of GDY and offers opportunities for realizing the special preparation of GDY according to the desired structure and unique properties. These structural characteristics and excellent physical and chemical properties of GDY have attracted increasing attention in the field of electrocatalysis. Herein, the research progress in the synthesis of atomic-level functionalized GDYs and their electrocatalytic applications are summarized. Special attention was paid to the research progress of metal-atom-anchored and nonmetallic-atom-doped GDYs for applications in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalytic processes. In addition, several potential development prospects and challenges of these 2D highly conjugated electron-rich full-carbon materials in the field of electrocatalysis are presented.
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