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Wang Z, Mei L, Guo C, Huang S, Shi WQ, Li X, Feng W, Li X, Yang C, Yuan L. Supramolecular Shish Kebabs: Higher Order Dimeric Structures from Ring-in-Rings Complexes with Conformational Adaptivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216690. [PMID: 36652350 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Use of abiotic chemical systems for understanding higher order superstructures is challenging. Here we report a ring-in-ring(s) system comprising a hydrogen-bonded macrocycle and cyclobis(paraquat-o-phenylene) tetracation (o-Box) or cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene) tetracation (CBPQT4+ , p-Box) that assembles to construct discrete higher order structures with adaptive conformation. As indicated by mass spectrometry, computational modeling, NMR spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, this ring-in-ring(s) system features the box-directed aggregation of multiple macrocycles, leading to generation of several stable species such as H4G (1 a/o-Box) and H5G (1 a/o-Box). Remarkably, a dimeric shish-kebab-like ring-in-rings superstructure H7G2 (1 a/o-Box) or H8G2 (1 a/p-Box) is formed from the coaxial stacking of two ring-in-rings units. The formation of such unique dimeric superstructures is attributed to the large π-surface of this 2D planar macrocycle and the conformational variation of both host and guest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwen Wang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, China) (The first email address should be
| | - Lei Mei
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chenxing Guo
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518071, China
| | - Song Huang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, China) (The first email address should be
| | - Wei-Qun Shi
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, China) (The first email address should be
| | - Wen Feng
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, China) (The first email address should be
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518071, China.,University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, China) (The first email address should be
| | - Lihua Yuan
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, China) (The first email address should be
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Benchimol E, Nguyen BNT, Ronson TK, Nitschke JR. Transformation networks of metal-organic cages controlled by chemical stimuli. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:5101-5135. [PMID: 35661155 PMCID: PMC9207707 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00801j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The flexibility of biomolecules enables them to adapt and transform as a result of signals received from the external environment, expressing different functions in different contexts. In similar fashion, coordination cages can undergo stimuli-triggered transformations owing to the dynamic nature of the metal-ligand bonds that hold them together. Different types of stimuli can trigger dynamic reconfiguration of these metal-organic assemblies, to switch on or off desired functionalities. Such adaptable systems are of interest for applications in switchable catalysis, selective molecular recognition or as transformable materials. This review highlights recent advances in the transformation of cages using chemical stimuli, providing a catalogue of reported strategies to transform cages and thus allow the creation of new architectures. Firstly we focus on strategies for transformation through the introduction of new cage components, which trigger reconstitution of the initial set of components. Secondly we summarize conversions triggered by external stimuli such as guests, concentration, solvent or pH, highlighting the adaptation processes that coordination cages can undergo. Finally, systems capable of responding to multiple stimuli are described. Such systems constitute composite chemical networks with the potential for more complex behaviour. We aim to offer new perspectives on how to design transformation networks, in order to shed light on signal-driven transformation processes that lead to the preparation of new functional metal-organic architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie Benchimol
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
| | - Bao-Nguyen T Nguyen
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
| | - Tanya K Ronson
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
| | - Jonathan R Nitschke
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
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Zhang L, Sun LY, Chang JP, Xie HY, Zhang YW, Zhang YF, Han YF. A trefoil-shaped macrocycle with 12 imidazolium cations. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.01.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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