Catalyst-free, direct electrochemical trifluoromethylation/cyclization of N-arylacrylamides using TfNHNHBoc as a CF3 source

Synthesis of (E)-2-(1-(methoxyimino)ethyl)-2-phenylbenzofuran-3(2H)-ones from (E)-1-(benzofuran-2-yl)ethan-1-one O-methyl oximes and iodobenzenes via a palladium-catalyzed dearomative arylation/oxidation reaction

A new method has been successfully developed that offers a facile and reliable approach for synthesizing (E)-2-(1-(methoxyimino)ethyl)-2-phenylbenzofuran-3(2H)-one, providing 28 compounds. This optimized process enables efficient preparation of a wide range of compounds using readily available (E)-1-(benzofuran-2-yl)ethan-1-one O-methyl oxime and iodobenzene, and provides alternative ideas for the structural modification of benzofuran ketones.

Catalyst-free electrochemical trifluoromethylation of coumarins using CF3SO2NHNHBoc as the CF3 source

An efficient electrochemical trifluoromethylation of coumarins using CF₃SO₂NHNHBoc as the source of the trifluoromethyl group was developed. Under catalyst-free and external oxidant-free electrolysis conditions, a range of 3-trifluoromethyl coumarins were obtained in moderate to good yields. The method could be easily scaled up with moderate efficiency.

Electrochemical monofluoroalkylation cyclization of N-arylacrylamides to construct monofluorinated 2-oxindoles

An electrochemical monofluoroalkylation cyclization of N-arylacrylamides to synthesize monofluorinated 2-oxindoles has been developed, which employs common dimethyl 2-fluoromalonate as a monofluoroalkyl radical precursor and obviates the use of prefunctionalized monofluoroalkylation reagents and sacrificial oxidants. A variety of monofluorinated nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds were efficiently obtained with satisfactory yields from readily available materials.

Synergistic mechanism of supported Mn-Ce oxide in catalytic ozonation of nitrofurazone wastewater

In this study, the catalytic materials of MnO_x/γ-Al₂O₃, CeO₂/γ-Al₂O₃, and Mn_xCe_1-xO₂/γ-Al₂O₃ for catalytic ozonation were synthesized. The catalysts were used in heterogeneous catalytic ozonation of the wastewater containing ntrofurazone (NFZ). The effects of the catalytic ozonation operational factors were systematically evaluated in terms of ozone dosing, catalyst dosing, initial NFZ concentration, and pH. The results showed that the catalytic activity of the Mn_xCe_1-xO₂/γ-Al₂O₃ was higher than that of the MnO_x/γ-Al₂O₃ and CeO₂/γ-Al₂O₃. The kinetics analysis revealed that bimetallic loading has a synergistic effect and the mechanism of this effect was investigated in the catalytic ozonation system. The catalysts were characterized by FESEM, EDS, XRD, XPS, IR, and BET. The characteristics of the catalysts revealed that Mn could alter the oxide species on the metal surface and interfere with the formation of CeO₂ crystals, which led to smaller grains, enhanced adsorption oxygen, and greater specific surface area. The Mn_xCe_1-xO₂/γ-Al₂O₃ crystals could form a solid solution, which helps higher catalytic activity. This study adds to the understanding of the synergistic mechanism of the loaded Ce-Mn oxide catalysts in the heterogeneous catalytic ozonation system and provides a feasible method for degrading pharmaceutical wastewater.

Electro-organic synthesis: an environmentally benign alternative for heterocycle synthesis

Heterocyclic compounds are considered to be one of the most established structural classes due to their extensive application in agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals and organic materials. Over the past few years, the development of heterocyclic compounds has gone through a considerable renaissance from conventional traditional methodologies to non-conventional electro-organic synthesis. Replacing metal catalysts, strong oxidants and multi-step methodologies with metal and strong oxidant-free single-step protocols has revolutionized the field of sustainable organic synthesis. Electro-organic synthesis has evolved as a scalable and sustainable approach in different synthetic protocols in an environment-benign manner. The current review outlines the recent developments in C-C, C-N, C-S and C-O/Se bond formation for heterocycle synthesis using electrochemical methods. Different synthetic strategies and their detailed mechanistic description are presented to enlighten the future applications of electrochemistry in heterocycle synthesis.