1
|
Wojcik R, Morris A. Aiming to Improve Equity in Lung Health: Sex and Gender. Clin Chest Med 2023; 44:613-622. [PMID: 37517839 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccm.2023.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Sex and gender impact risk factors, presentations of, and response to therapy in lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, lung cancer, interstitial lung disease, and obstructive sleep apnea. Many physicians lack training in the impact of sex and gender on lung disease, resulting in diagnostic delays. Scales and indices taught in the health care system are largely validated in male populations, thereby limiting their application to females. For transgender and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning + patients, high rates of bias in health care may limit patients' willingness to seek health care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Wojcik
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alison Morris
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bencina G, Chami N, Hughes R, Weston G, Baxter C, Salomonsson S, Demedts I. Indirect Costs Due to Lung Cancer-Related Premature Mortality in Four European Countries. Adv Ther 2023; 40:3056-3069. [PMID: 37195488 PMCID: PMC10189212 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-023-02509-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lung cancer accounts for approximately 20% of all cancer-related deaths and for the loss of 3.2 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) annually across Europe. The present study investigated the productivity losses resulting from premature deaths due to lung cancer in four European countries. METHODS The human capital approach (HCA) was used to estimate indirect cost of productivity losses due to premature death due to lung cancer (ICD-10 codes C33-34 malignant neoplasm of trachea, bronchus, and lung) in Belgium, the Netherlands, Norway, and Poland. Years of productive life lost (YPLL) and present value of future lost productivity (PVFLP) were calculated using national age-specific mortality, wages, and employment rates. Data were sourced from the World Health Organization, Eurostat, and the World Bank. RESULTS In 2019, there were 41,468 lung cancer deaths in the included countries resulting in 59,246 YPLL and more than €981 million in productivity losses due to premature mortality. From 2010 to 2015, the PVFLP of lung cancer decreased by 14% in Belgium, 13% in the Netherlands, 33% in Norway, and 19% in Poland. From 2015 to 2019, the PVFLP of lung cancer decreased by 26% in Belgium, 27% in the Netherlands, 14% in Norway, and 38% in Poland. CONCLUSION The results from this study illustrate a decreasing trend in productivity costs of premature mortality due to lung cancer, as illustrated by the decreasing PVFLP between 2010 and 2019. This trend could be driven by a shift in the distribution of deaths towards older age groups due to advancements in the preventative and treatment landscape. These results provide an economic measure of the lung cancer burden which may assist decision-makers in allocating scarce resources amongst competing priorities in the included countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Goran Bencina
- Center for Observational and Real-World Evidence, MSD Spain, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Stina Salomonsson
- MSD, Center for Observational and Real-World Evidence, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingel Demedts
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, AZ Delta, Roeselare, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tiberi J, Cesarini V, Stefanelli R, Canterini S, Fiorenza MT, Rosa PL. Sex differences in antioxidant defence and the regulation of redox homeostasis in physiology and pathology. Mech Ageing Dev 2023; 211:111802. [PMID: 36958540 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2023.111802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a term that defines a group of unstable compounds derived from exogenous sources or endogenous metabolism. Under physiological conditions, low levels of ROS play a key role in the regulation of signal transduction- or transcription-mediated cellular responses. In contrast, excessive and uncontrolled loading of ROS results in a pathological state known as oxidative stress (OS), a leading contributor to aging and a pivotal factor for the onset and progression of many disorders. Evolution has endowed cells with an antioxidant system involved in stabilizing ROS levels to a specific threshold, preserving ROS-induced signalling function and limiting negative side effects. In mammals, a great deal of evidence indicates that females defence against ROS is more proficient than males, determining a longer lifespan and lower incidence of most chronic diseases. In this review, we will summarize the most recent sex-related differences in the regulation of redox homeostasis. We will highlight the peculiar aspects of the antioxidant defence in sex-biased diseases whose onset or progression is driven by OS, and we will discuss the molecular, genetic, and evolutionary determinants of female proficiency to cope with ROS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Tiberi
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; PhD program in Behavioral Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeriana Cesarini
- Department of Biomedicine Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Stefanelli
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Sonia Canterini
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; European Center for Brain Research, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Fiorenza
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; European Center for Brain Research, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Piergiorgio La Rosa
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; European Center for Brain Research, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Trojnar A, Domagała-Kulawik J, Sienkiewicz-Ulita A, Zbytniewski M, Gryszko GM, Cackowski MM, Dziedzic M, Woźnica K, Orłowski TM, Dziedzic DA. Sex differences in clinico-pathologic characteristics and long-term survival among 17,192 surgically treated NSCLC patients: Nationwide population-based propensity score-matching study. Surg Oncol 2022; 45:101873. [DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2022.101873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
5
|
Zang X, Zhang J, Jiao P, Xue X, Lv Z. Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Detection and Subtyping by UPLC-HRMS-Based Tissue Metabolomics. J Proteome Res 2022; 21:2011-2022. [PMID: 35856400 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the prevalent histological subtype of lung cancer. In this study, we performed ultraperformance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS)-based metabolic profiling of 227 tissue samples from 79 lung cancer patients with adenocarcinoma (AC) or squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (oPLS-DA) analyses showed that AC, SCC, and NSCLC tumors were discriminated from adjacent noncancerous tissue (ANT) and distant noncancerous tissue (DNT) samples with good accuracies (91.3, 100, and 88.3%), sensitivities (85.7, 100, and 83.9%), and specificities (94.3, 100, and 90.7%), using 12, 4, and 7 discriminant metabolites, respectively. The discriminant panel for AC detection included valine, sphingosine, glutamic acid γ-methyl ester, and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) (16:0), levels of which in tumor tissues were significantly altered. Valine, sphingosine, LPC (18:1), and leucine derivatives were used for SCC detection. The discrimination between AC and SCC had 96.8% accuracy, 98.2% sensitivity, and 85.7% specificity using a five-metabolite panel, of which valine and creatine had significant differences. The classification models were further verified with external validation sets, showing a promising prospect for NSCLC tissue detection and subtyping.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Zang
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P. R. China
| | - Peng Jiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, P. R. China
| | - Xuyan Xue
- College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P. R. China
| | - Zhihua Lv
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Elshami M, Abukmail H, Aqel W, Alser M, Al-Slaibi I, Shurrab H, Qassem S, Usrof FD, Alruzayqat M, Nairoukh R, Mansour A, Kittaneh R, Sawafta N, Habes YMN, Ghanim O, Aabed WA, Omar O, Daraghmeh M, Aljbour J, Elian R, Zuhour A, Habes H, Al-Dadah M, Abu-El-Noor N, Bottcher B. Awareness of Palestinians about lung cancer symptoms: a national cross-sectional study. BMC Pulm Med 2022; 22:135. [PMID: 35395762 PMCID: PMC8991725 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-022-01923-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of lung cancer (LC) cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage. Poor awareness of LC symptoms is a contributor to late diagnosis. This study aimed to assess the awareness of LC symptoms among Palestinians, and to examine the factors associated with displaying good awareness. METHODS Participants were recruited from hospitals, primary healthcare centers and public spaces using convenience sampling. A translated-into-Arabic version of the validated LC awareness measure was used to assess recognition of 14 LC symptoms. One point was given for each recognized symptom. The total score was calculated and categorized based on the number of symptoms recognized: poor (0-4), fair (5-9), and good (10-14). Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the association between participant characteristics and having good awareness. The multivariable analysis adjusted for age-group, gender, education, monthly income, occupation, residence, marital status, any chronic disease, knowing someone with cancer, smoking history, and site of data collection. RESULTS Of 5174 potential participants approached, 4817 completed the questionnaire (response rate = 93.1%) and 4762 were included in the final analysis. Of these, 2742 (56.9%) were from the West Bank and Jerusalem (WBJ) and 2020 (43.1%) were from the Gaza Strip. Participants from the WBJ were older, had higher monthly income but lower education, and suffered from more chronic diseases. The most recognized respiratory LC symptom was 'worsening in an existing cough'(n = 3884, 81.6%) while the least recognized was 'a cough that does not go away for two or three weeks'(n = 2951, 62.0%). The most recognized non-respiratory LC symptom was 'persistent tiredness or lack of energy'(n = 3205, 67.3%) while the least recognized was 'persistent shoulder pain'(n = 1170, 24.6%). A total of 2466 participants (51.8%) displayed good awareness of LC symptoms. Participants from both the Gaza Strip and the WBJ had similar likelihoods to have good awareness levels. Factors associated with a higher likelihood to display good awareness included female gender, having post-secondary education, being employed, knowing someone with cancer, and visiting hospitals and primary healthcare centers. CONCLUSION About half of the study participants displayed a good level of awareness of LC symptoms. Further improvement in public awareness of LC symptoms by educational interventions might reduce LC mortality by promoting early diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamedraed Elshami
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Lakeside 7100, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA. .,Ministry of Health, Gaza, Palestine.
| | - Hanan Abukmail
- Ministry of Health, Gaza, Palestine.,Faculty of Medicine, Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza, Palestine
| | - Wafa Aqel
- Faculty of Medicine, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine
| | - Mohammed Alser
- The United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East, Gaza Strip, Palestine
| | | | - Hanan Shurrab
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University of Gaza, Gaza, Palestine
| | - Shahd Qassem
- Faculty of Medicine, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine
| | - Faten Darwish Usrof
- Department of a Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza City, Palestine
| | | | - Roba Nairoukh
- Faculty of Dentistry, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine
| | - Ahmad Mansour
- Faculty of Medicine, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine
| | - Rahaf Kittaneh
- Faculty of Nursing, An Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Nawras Sawafta
- Faculty of Medicine, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine
| | | | - Obaida Ghanim
- Faculty of Medicine, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine
| | | | - Ola Omar
- Faculty of Medicine, Al Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Motaz Daraghmeh
- Faculty of Medicine, Al Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Jomana Aljbour
- Faculty of Medicine, Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza, Palestine
| | - Razan Elian
- Faculty of Medicine, Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza, Palestine
| | - Areen Zuhour
- Faculty of Medicine, Al Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Haneen Habes
- Faculty of Medicine, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine
| | | | | | - Bettina Bottcher
- Faculty of Medicine, Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza, Palestine
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Elshami M, Abukmail H, Aqel W, Alser M, Al-Slaibi I, Shurrab H, Qassem S, Usrof FD, Alruzayqat M, Nairoukh R, Mansour A, Kittaneh R, Sawafta N, Habes YMN, Ghanim O, Aabed WA, Omar O, Daraghmeh M, Aljbour J, Elian R, Zuhour A, Habes H, Al-Dadah M, Abu-El-Noor N, Bottcher B. Awareness of Palestinians about lung cancer symptoms: a national cross-sectional study. BMC Pulm Med 2022; 22:135. [PMID: 35395762 PMCID: PMC8991725 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-022-01923-1 10.1186/s12890-022-01923-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of lung cancer (LC) cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage. Poor awareness of LC symptoms is a contributor to late diagnosis. This study aimed to assess the awareness of LC symptoms among Palestinians, and to examine the factors associated with displaying good awareness. METHODS Participants were recruited from hospitals, primary healthcare centers and public spaces using convenience sampling. A translated-into-Arabic version of the validated LC awareness measure was used to assess recognition of 14 LC symptoms. One point was given for each recognized symptom. The total score was calculated and categorized based on the number of symptoms recognized: poor (0-4), fair (5-9), and good (10-14). Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the association between participant characteristics and having good awareness. The multivariable analysis adjusted for age-group, gender, education, monthly income, occupation, residence, marital status, any chronic disease, knowing someone with cancer, smoking history, and site of data collection. RESULTS Of 5174 potential participants approached, 4817 completed the questionnaire (response rate = 93.1%) and 4762 were included in the final analysis. Of these, 2742 (56.9%) were from the West Bank and Jerusalem (WBJ) and 2020 (43.1%) were from the Gaza Strip. Participants from the WBJ were older, had higher monthly income but lower education, and suffered from more chronic diseases. The most recognized respiratory LC symptom was 'worsening in an existing cough'(n = 3884, 81.6%) while the least recognized was 'a cough that does not go away for two or three weeks'(n = 2951, 62.0%). The most recognized non-respiratory LC symptom was 'persistent tiredness or lack of energy'(n = 3205, 67.3%) while the least recognized was 'persistent shoulder pain'(n = 1170, 24.6%). A total of 2466 participants (51.8%) displayed good awareness of LC symptoms. Participants from both the Gaza Strip and the WBJ had similar likelihoods to have good awareness levels. Factors associated with a higher likelihood to display good awareness included female gender, having post-secondary education, being employed, knowing someone with cancer, and visiting hospitals and primary healthcare centers. CONCLUSION About half of the study participants displayed a good level of awareness of LC symptoms. Further improvement in public awareness of LC symptoms by educational interventions might reduce LC mortality by promoting early diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamedraed Elshami
- grid.443867.a0000 0000 9149 4843Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Lakeside 7100, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA ,Ministry of Health, Gaza, Palestine
| | - Hanan Abukmail
- Ministry of Health, Gaza, Palestine ,grid.442890.30000 0000 9417 110XFaculty of Medicine, Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza, Palestine
| | - Wafa Aqel
- grid.16662.350000 0001 2298 706XFaculty of Medicine, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine
| | - Mohammed Alser
- The United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East, Gaza Strip, Palestine
| | | | - Hanan Shurrab
- grid.133800.90000 0001 0436 6817Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University of Gaza, Gaza, Palestine
| | - Shahd Qassem
- grid.16662.350000 0001 2298 706XFaculty of Medicine, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine
| | - Faten Darwish Usrof
- grid.442890.30000 0000 9417 110XDepartment of a Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza City, Palestine
| | - Malik Alruzayqat
- grid.16662.350000 0001 2298 706XFaculty of Medicine, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine
| | - Roba Nairoukh
- grid.16662.350000 0001 2298 706XFaculty of Dentistry, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine
| | - Ahmad Mansour
- grid.16662.350000 0001 2298 706XFaculty of Medicine, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine
| | - Rahaf Kittaneh
- grid.11942.3f0000 0004 0631 5695Faculty of Nursing, An Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Nawras Sawafta
- grid.16662.350000 0001 2298 706XFaculty of Medicine, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine
| | - Yousef M. N. Habes
- grid.16662.350000 0001 2298 706XFaculty of Medicine, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine
| | - Obaida Ghanim
- grid.16662.350000 0001 2298 706XFaculty of Medicine, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine
| | - Wesam Almajd Aabed
- grid.133800.90000 0001 0436 6817Faculty of Dentistry, Al Azhar University of Gaza, Gaza, Palestine
| | - Ola Omar
- grid.11942.3f0000 0004 0631 5695Faculty of Medicine, Al Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Motaz Daraghmeh
- grid.11942.3f0000 0004 0631 5695Faculty of Medicine, Al Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Jomana Aljbour
- grid.442890.30000 0000 9417 110XFaculty of Medicine, Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza, Palestine
| | - Razan Elian
- grid.442890.30000 0000 9417 110XFaculty of Medicine, Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza, Palestine
| | - Areen Zuhour
- grid.11942.3f0000 0004 0631 5695Faculty of Medicine, Al Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Haneen Habes
- grid.16662.350000 0001 2298 706XFaculty of Medicine, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine
| | - Mohammed Al-Dadah
- grid.442890.30000 0000 9417 110XFaculty of Medicine, Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza, Palestine
| | - Nasser Abu-El-Noor
- grid.442890.30000 0000 9417 110XFaculty of Nursing, Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza, Palestine
| | - Bettina Bottcher
- grid.442890.30000 0000 9417 110XFaculty of Medicine, Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza, Palestine
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hoang PH, Landi MT. DNA Methylation in Lung Cancer: Mechanisms and Associations with Histological Subtypes, Molecular Alterations, and Major Epidemiological Factors. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14040961. [PMID: 35205708 PMCID: PMC8870477 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14040961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the major leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Multiple epigenetic factors-in particular, DNA methylation-have been associated with the development of lung cancer. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on DNA methylation alterations in lung tumorigenesis, as well as their associations with different histological subtypes, common cancer driver gene mutations (e.g., KRAS, EGFR, and TP53), and major epidemiological risk factors (e.g., sex, smoking status, race/ethnicity). Understanding the mechanisms of DNA methylation regulation and their associations with various risk factors can provide further insights into carcinogenesis, and create future avenues for prevention and personalized treatments. In addition, we also highlight outstanding questions regarding DNA methylation in lung cancer to be elucidated in future studies.
Collapse
|
9
|
Baiu I, Titan AL, Martin LW, Wolf A, Backhus L. The role of gender in non-small cell lung cancer: a narrative review. J Thorac Dis 2021; 13:3816-3826. [PMID: 34277072 PMCID: PMC8264700 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-20-3128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The role of gender in the development, treatment and prognosis of thoracic malignancies has been underappreciated and understudied. While most research has been grounded in tobacco-related malignancies, the incidence of non-smoking related lung cancer is on the rise and disproportionately affecting women. Recent research studies have unveiled critical differences between men and women with regard to risk factors, timeliness of diagnosis, incongruent screening practices, molecular and genetic mechanisms, as well as response to treatment and survival. These studies also highlight the increasingly recognized need for targeted therapies that account for variations in the response and complications as a function of gender. Similarly, screening recommendations continue to evolve as the role of gender is starting to be ellucidated. As women have been underrepresented in clinical trials until recently, the data regarding optimal care and outcomes is still lagging behind. Understanding the underlying similarities and differences between men and women is paramount to providing adequate care and prognostication to patients of either gender. This review provides an overview of the critical role that gender plays in the care of patients with non-small cell lung cancer and other thoracic malignancies, with an emphasis on the need for increased awareness and further research to continue elucidating these disparities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Baiu
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University Hospital, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ashley L Titan
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University Hospital, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Linda W Martin
- Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Andrea Wolf
- Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leah Backhus
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University Hospital, Stanford, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Amiri S. Worldwide prevalence of smoking in immigration: A global systematic review and meta-analysis. J Addict Dis 2020; 38:567-579. [PMID: 32780650 DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2020.1800888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sohrab Amiri
- Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Lifestyle Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hou Z, Liang X, Wang X, Zhou Z, Shi G. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells infiltration in non-small-cell lung cancer tumor and MAGE-A4 and NY-ESO-1 expression. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:3982-3992. [PMID: 32382343 PMCID: PMC7202317 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer/testis antigens melanoma-associated antigen 4 (MAGE-A4) and New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma-1 (NY-ESO-1) are of clinical interest as biomarkers and present valuable targets for immunotherapy; however, they are poor prognostic markers in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In addition, myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are recognized as a key element in tumor escape and progression. The aim of the present study was to investigate the diagnostic and prognostic value of MAGE-A4 and NY-ESO-1, and their association with MDSCs in NSCLC samples. The expression levels of MAGE-A4 and NY-ESO-1, and the infiltration of MDSCs (CD33+), were analyzed by immunohistochemistry of 67 tissue samples from patients with NSCLC. Overall, 58.33% of the NSCLC squamous cell carcinoma tissues and 94.7% of adenocarcinoma tissues were positive for MAGE-A4. NY-ESO-1 expression was observed in 52.78% of the squamous cell carcinoma tissues and 80% of the adenocarcinoma tissues. In primary adenocarcinoma tumor tissues, MAGE-A4 and NY-ESO-1 demonstrated a higher intensity of expression compared with the squamous cell carcinoma tissues. A total of 33 (91.7%) squamous cell carcinoma and 19 (95.0%) adenocarcinoma specimens were positive for CD33. The expression of MAGE-A4 and NY-ESO-1 antigens and infiltration of MDSCs was associated with poor prognosis of patients with NSCLC. Further studies investigating the association between these findings and underlying molecular mechanisms are required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenbo Hou
- Department of Pathology, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong 255000, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong 255000, P.R. China
| | - Xinmei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong 255000, P.R. China
| | - Ziqiang Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong 255000, P.R. China
| | - Guilan Shi
- Department of Immunology, School of Nursing, Zibo Vocational Institute, Zibo, Shandong 255314, P.R. China.,Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tsukazan MTR, Vigo Á, Silva VDD, Barrios CH, Rios JDO, Pinto JADF. Lung cancer: changes in histology, gender, and age over the last 30 years in Brazil. J Bras Pneumol 2018; 43:363-367. [PMID: 29160382 PMCID: PMC5790654 DOI: 10.1590/s1806-37562016000000339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To describe the trends in tumor histology, gender and age among patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with lung resection. The histology of lung cancer has changed in developed countries, and there is still little information available on the topic for developing countries. Methods: This was a retrospective study of 1,030 patients with NSCLC treated with lung resection between 1986 and 2015 at a university hospital in southern Brazil. Differences in histology, stage, and type of surgery were analyzed by gender and for three periods (1986-1995, 1996-2005, and 2006-2015). Results: Most (64.5%) of the patients were males, and the main histological types were squamous cell carcinoma (in 40.6%) and adenocarcinoma (in 44.5%). The mean age at surgery during the first period was 56.4 years for women and 58.9 years for men, compared with 62.2 for women and 64.6 for men in the third period (p < 0.001). The proportion of females increased from 26.6% in the first period to 44.1% in the third. From the first to the third period, the proportion of patients with squamous cell carcinoma decreased from 49.6% to 34.8% overall (p < 0.001), decreasing to an even greater degree (from 38.9% to 23.2%) among men. Among the NSCLC patients in our sample, females with adenocarcinoma accounted for 11.9% in the first period and 24.0% in the third period (p < 0.001). Conclusions: As has been seen in developed countries, the rates of lung cancer in females in southern Brazil have been rising over the last three decades, although they have yet to surpass those observed for males in the region. The incidence of squamous cell carcinoma has decreased in males, approaching adenocarcinoma rates, whereas adenocarcinoma has significantly increased among women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Ruiz Tsukazan
- . Serviço de Cirurgia Torácica, Hospital São Lucas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul - PUCRS - Porto Alegre (RS) Brasil.,. Departamento de Estatística e Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS - Porto Alegre (RS) Brasil
| | - Álvaro Vigo
- . Departamento de Estatística e Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS - Porto Alegre (RS) Brasil
| | | | | | - Jayme de Oliveira Rios
- . Serviço de Cirurgia Torácica, Hospital São Lucas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul - PUCRS - Porto Alegre (RS) Brasil
| | - José Antônio de Figueiredo Pinto
- . Serviço de Cirurgia Torácica, Hospital São Lucas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul - PUCRS - Porto Alegre (RS) Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Uzeloto JS, Ramos D, C F Freire AP, G D Christofaro D, Mara C Ramos E. Nasal mucociliary transportability of male and female smokers. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2017; 84:311-317. [PMID: 28442373 PMCID: PMC9449236 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Female smoker's present increased susceptibility to several diseases when compared to the opposite gender. However, there are no studies showing differences in nasal mucociliary transport behavior between male and female smokers. Objective To compare the nasal mucociliary transportability in male and female smokers and non-smokers, taking into consideration age, anthropometric data, smoking load and pulmonary function. Methods The analysis included 139 individuals (33 men and 37 women smokers and 32 men and 37 women non-smokers). All participants answered an initial interview to obtain personal data and smoking load. Anthropometric data and carbon monoxide in the exhaled air were assessed. Individuals also performed pulmonary function test and Saccharin Transit Time test. To compare saccharin transit time values between men and women, smokers and non-smokers, stratification of all independent variables was performed (sociodemographic, smoking and respiratory variables) into two categories: below and above the median values. Results There was no difference between men and women, smokers and non-smokers, regarding nasal mucociliary transportability. Significant differences were only observed between non-smokers. Among those with less forced vital capacity values (<97.37% of predicted), women presented mucociliary transport faster than men. Moreover, it was observed influence of BMI and COex (women smokers), FCV and FEV1 (men non-smokers) and FEF25–75% (women non-smokers) on saccharin transit time values. Conclusion Based on the findings of this study, nasal mucociliary transport in male and female adult smokers, apparently healthy, are similar.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Souza Uzeloto
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Dionei Ramos
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula C F Freire
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Diego G D Christofaro
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ercy Mara C Ramos
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Polymorphism rs144848 in BRCA2 may reduce lung cancer risk in women: a case-control study in southeast China. TUMORI JOURNAL 2016; 102:150-5. [PMID: 26979245 DOI: 10.5301/tj.5000473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Whereas lung cancer incidence among men has declined in recent years, the incidence rate among women has increased rapidly. Sex could affect DNA repair capacity. Although BRCA2 is important in DNA repair, few data are available on the association between BRCA2 polymorphisms and lung cancer in women. Therefore, we investigated this in a case-control study among Chinese women. METHODS We enrolled 226 women with lung cancer and 269 age-matched healthy controls in our study. Polymorphisms studied were genotyped by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. RESULTS Unconditional logistic regression showed no association between rs1799943 or rs1799944 and cancer risk. However, the AC and CC genotypes of rs144848 were significantly associated with reduced risk after adjustment for age and education, with adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of 0.66 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.45-0.97) and 0.37 (95% CI 0.16-0.78), respectively. The adjusted OR of carriers with the C allele was 0.62 (95% CI 0.44-0.81) compared with the A allele. CONCLUSIONS The rs144848 mutation may have a protective effect against lung cancer among women.
Collapse
|
15
|
Zakkouri FAZ, Saloua O, Halima A, Rachid R, Hind M, Hassan E. Smoking, passive smoking and lung cancer cell types among women in Morocco: analysis of epidemiological profiling of 101 cases. BMC Res Notes 2015; 8:530. [PMID: 26433364 PMCID: PMC4592748 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-015-1503-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recently women’s lung cancer mortality rates have dramatically increased in developed countries, contrasting with a levelling off or decrease among men. Descriptive epidemiological data on primary lung cancer in women is scarce in Morocco. The aim of this study, conducted in the National Institute of Oncology in Rabat, was to describe the epidemiological profiling especially for the smoking status, to determine the most frequent type of lung cancer, and to analyse the survival of Moroccan women with lung cancer diagnosis. Results We found 101 women among 1680 (male and female) cases of lung cancer. The never-smokers were estimated to 75 %. The proportion of adenocarcinoma among never and passive smokers was higher than that of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (69.4 versus 30.6 %), while among women who were smokers, the most frequent histological type was SCC (63.6 %). The Cox regression analysis showed that smoking and passive smoking were not significantly associated with survival [HR: 0.62 (95 % CI 0.31, 1.30); p = 0.19] [HR: 0.56 (95 % CI 0.29, 1.08); p = 0.08] respectively. Adenocarcinoma was significantly associated with shorter survival [HR: 1.73 (95 % CI 1.05, 2.85); p = 0.03]. Conclusions The majority Moroccan women affected by lung cancer have never smoked (75 %). Environmental exposures, genetic predisposition, hormonal factors, and viral infection may all play a role in lung cancer in this category. The relation between histological type and tobacco found in our series concurred with those reported in the literature—adenocarcinoma appears to be the most frequent cell type affecting never and passive smokers. Adenocarcinoma is significantly associated with poorer survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Az-zahra Zakkouri
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Institute of Oncology, Rabat, Morocco. .,Department of medical oncology, National Institute of Oncology, Agdal/Riad, 10000, Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Ouaouch Saloua
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Institute of Oncology, Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Abahssain Halima
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Institute of Oncology, Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Razine Rachid
- Laboratory of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Mrabti Hind
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Institute of Oncology, Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Errihani Hassan
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Institute of Oncology, Rabat, Morocco.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Peters SAE, Huxley RR, Woodward M. Do smoking habits differ between women and men in contemporary Western populations? Evidence from half a million people in the UK Biobank study. BMJ Open 2014; 4:e005663. [PMID: 25550291 PMCID: PMC4281541 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Several studies have shown that smoking may confer a greater excess risk for chronic diseases in women compared with men. The reasons for this excess risk of smoking in women are unclear, yet sex differences in smoking habits may play a role. We, thus, characterised sex differences in smoking habits in a contemporary Western population. DESIGN Cross-sectional population-based study. SETTING UK Biobank Resource. PARTICIPANTS 499,797 (54% women) individuals with data on smoking habits. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Women-to-men prevalence ratios in smoking status, and the women-minus-men mean difference in age at smoking initiation, number of cigarettes smoked daily and age at smoking cessation in 5-year birth cohort bands. RESULTS The women-to-men ever-smoking ratio ranged from 0.57 in the oldest to 0.87 in the youngest birth cohort. In the oldest cohort, born 1935-1939, women started smoking 1.9 years (95% CI 1.7 to 2.1) later than did men, but in those born after 1959 there was no difference in the age at initiation. The oldest women smoked 5.3 (95% CI 4.7 to 5.9) cigarettes per day fewer than did the oldest men, compared with 2.0 (95% CI 1.7 to 2.3) fewer cigarettes smoked per day in the youngest, born 1965-1969. Among quitters, women born before 1945 were, on average, 1.5 years older than their male contemporaries, but this differential was 1 year or less among people born after 1949. CONCLUSIONS Differences in smoking behaviour between women and men have decreased over time. Even past differentials are unlikely to explain the increased susceptibility to smoking-related chronic disease in women compared with men that has previously been observed. Future studies are required to determine whether sex differences in the physiological and biological effects of smoking are responsible for the differential impact of smoking on health in women and men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanne A E Peters
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, The George Institute for Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rachel R Huxley
- School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mark Woodward
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, The George Institute for Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kim SW, Kim MY, Lee YP, Ryu YJ, Lee SJ, Lee JH, Chang JH, Shim SS. Clinical features and prognostic factors in elderly koreans with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer in a tertiary referral hospital. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) 2013; 75:52-8. [PMID: 24023557 PMCID: PMC3766809 DOI: 10.4046/trd.2013.75.2.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background More than half of cases for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) occur in elderly patients with a median age at diagnosis of 70 years. The aim of our study was to examine the clinical features and prognostic factors contributing to mortality in elderly patients with advanced NSCLC. Methods Following a retrospective review of clinical data, 122 patients aged 70 years and over with a histopathological diagnosis of locally advanced (stage IIIB, n=32) and metastatic (stage IV, n=90) NSCLC between 2005 and 2011 were enrolled. Results The median age was 76 years (interquartile range, [IQR], 72-80 years), and 85 (70%) patients were male. Fifty-seven (46%) patients had never smoked, and 17 (19%) were in a malnourished state with a body mass index (BMI) of <18.5 kg/m2. The initial treatments included chemotherapy (40%) and radiotherapy (7%), but 57% of the patients received supportive care only. The 1-year survival rate was 32%, and the 3-year survival rate was 4%, with a median survival duration of 6.2 months (IQR, 2.5-15.3 months). Male gender (hazard ratio [HR], 2.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3-3.9; p=0.005), low BMI (HR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.3-3.9; p=0.004), and supportive care only (HR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.2-2.9; p=0.007) were independent predictors of shorter survival based on a Cox proportional hazards model. Conclusion Elderly patients with advanced NSCLC had a poor prognosis, particularly male patients, those with a low BMI, and those who received supportive care only.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seo Woo Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Medical Center and Ewha Medical Research Institute, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lother SA, Harding GA, Musto G, Navaratnam S, Pitz MW. Antiestrogen use and survival of women with non-small cell lung cancer in Manitoba, Canada. Discov Oncol 2013; 4:270-6. [PMID: 23715671 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-013-0149-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Sex differences in lung cancer incidence and survival are known. Female sex is an independent good prognostic factor. Estrogens appear to play a key role in lung cancer outcomes. Accordingly, antiestrogen use may also influence survival in female non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. In this study, we compared survival among antiestrogen users and nonusers. We performed a retrospective population-based study. Using the Manitoba Cancer Registry (MCR), we identified all women diagnosed with NSCLC from 2000 to 2007. The population-based Drug Program Information Network was accessed to establish which patients received antiestrogens. Demographic data (e.g., smoking patterns, stage, histology) were gathered from the MCR and by chart review. Survival differences between antiestrogen-exposed and not exposed groups were compared using multivariable Cox regression. Two thousand three hundred twenty women fit our patient criteria, of which 156 had received antiestrogens. Exposure to antiestrogens was associated with a significantly decreased mortality in those exposed both before and after the diagnosis of NSCLC (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.42, p = 0.0006). This association remained consistent across age and stage groups. Antiestrogen use before and after the diagnosis of NSCLC is associated with decreased mortality. This supports previous evidence that estrogens may play a key role in the biology and outcomes of NSCLC and suggests a potential therapeutic use for these agents in this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S A Lother
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, 260 Brodie Centre, 727 McDermot Ave, Winnipeg, MB, R3E3P5, Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yazarloo F, Shirkoohi R, Mobasheri MB, Emami A, Modarressi MH. Expression analysis of four testis-specific genes AURKC, OIP5, PIWIL2 and TAF7L in acute myeloid leukemia: a gender-dependent expression pattern. Med Oncol 2013; 30:368. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-012-0368-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
20
|
Hakim IA, Harris R, Garland L, Cordova CA, Mikhael DM, Sherry Chow HH. Gender Difference in Systemic Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Capacity in Current and Former Heavy Smokers. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012; 21:2193-200. [DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-12-0820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
21
|
Jacobs-Lawson JM, Schumacher MM, Hughes T, Arnold S. Gender differences in psychosocial responses to lung cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 7:137-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genm.2010.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
22
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research suggests that disparities in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) survival can be explained in part by disparities in the receipt of cancer treatment. Few studies, however, have considered race and sex disparities in the timing and appropriateness of treatment across stages of diagnosis. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relationship of sex and race with the receipt of timely and clinically appropriate NSCLC treatment for each stage of diagnosis. METHOD Surveillance Epidemiology and End Result data linked to Medicare claims for beneficiaries diagnosed with NSCLC between 1995 and 1999 were used to evaluate the relationship between race and sex with timely and appropriate NSCLC treatment while controlling for other demographic characteristics, comorbidities, socioeconomic status, and provider supply (N = 22,145). RESULTS Overall adjusted rates of timely and appropriate treatment are 37.2%, 58.1%, and 29.2% for Medicare beneficiaries diagnosed with stage I or II, III, and IV NSCLC, respectively. Among stage I or II patients, women were 25% less likely to receive timely surgical resection relative to men, and blacks were 66% less likely to receive timely and appropriate treatment than whites. Black men were least likely to receive resection (22.2% compared with 43.7% for white men). Blacks were 34% less likely to receive timely surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation for stage III disease and were 51% less likely to receive chemotherapy in a timely fashion for stage IV disease relative to whites. CONCLUSION Significant variations in appropriate timely treatment were found within and across stages of diagnosis, confirming that sex and race differences in NSCLC treatment exist.
Collapse
|
23
|
Vilar S, González-Díaz H, Santana L, Uriarte E. QSAR model for alignment-free prediction of human breast cancer biomarkers based on electrostatic potentials of protein pseudofolding HP-lattice networks. J Comput Chem 2008; 29:2613-22. [PMID: 18478581 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.21016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Network theory allows relationships to be established between numerical parameters that describe the molecular structure of genes and proteins and their biological properties. These models can be considered as quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) for biopolymers. The work described here concerns the first QSAR model for 122 proteins that are associated with human breast cancer (HBC), as identified experimentally by Sjöblom et al. (Science 2006, 314, 268) from over 10,000 human proteins. In this study, the 122 proteins related to HBC (HBCp) and a control group of 200 proteins that are not related to HBC (non-HBCp) were forced to fold in an HP lattice network. From these networks a series of electrostatic potential parameters (xi(k)) was calculated to describe each protein numerically. The use of xi(k) as an entry point to linear discriminant analysis led to a QSAR model to discriminate between HBCp and non-HBCp, and this model could help to predict the involvement of a certain gene and/or protein in HBC. In addition, validation procedures were carried out on the model and these included an external prediction series and evaluation of an additional series of 1000 non-HBCp. In all cases good levels of classification were obtained with values above 80%. This study represents the first example of a QSAR model for the computational chemistry inspired search of potential HBC protein biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Vilar
- Unit of Bioinformatics and Connectivity Analysis, Institute of Industrial Pharmacy, and Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Reichert J, Araújo AJD, Gonçalves CMC, Godoy I, Chatkin JM, Sales MDPU, Santos SRRDA. Diretrizes para cessação do tabagismo - 2008. J Bras Pneumol 2008; 34:845-80. [DOI: 10.1590/s1806-37132008001000014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2008] [Accepted: 08/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Estas diretrizes constituem uma ferramenta atualizada e abrangente para auxiliar o profissional de saúde na abordagem do tabagista, recomendando atitudes baseadas em evidências clínicas como a melhor forma de conduzir cada caso. De forma reduzida e mais objetiva possível, o texto final foi agrupado em dois grandes itens: Avaliação e Tratamento. Os dois itens apresentam comentários e níveis de recomendação das referências utilizadas, bem como algumas propostas de abordagem, como por exemplo, redução de danos, em situações específicas ainda pouco exploradas, como recaídas, tabagismo passivo, tabagismo na categoria médica e uso de tabaco em ambientes específicos.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alberto José de Araújo
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
In KH, Kwon YS, Oh IJ, Kim KS, Jung MH, Lee KH, Kim SY, Ryu JS, Lee SY, Jeong ET, Lee SY, Yum HK, Lee CG, Kim WS, Zo JI, Kim H, Kim YW, Kim SK, Lee JC, Kim YC. Lung cancer patients who are asymptomatic at diagnosis show favorable prognosis: a korean Lung Cancer Registry Study. Lung Cancer 2008; 64:232-7. [PMID: 18809225 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2008.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2008] [Revised: 07/31/2008] [Accepted: 08/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE AND METHODS The outcomes of lung cancer patients who were asymptomatic at diagnosis have never been reported as part of a large-scale study. A national survey of lung cancer in South Korea registered a total of 8788 patients diagnosed in 2005. We report the results herein, with an emphasis on the prognosis of the asymptomatic lung cancer patients. RESULTS Adenocarcinoma was the most frequent (36.1%) histopathologic type, followed by squamous cell carcinoma (32.1%), large cell carcinoma (1.5%), and small cell carcinoma (13.5%). In most cases, lung cancer was detected with subjective symptoms, but 6.5% of cases had no symptoms indicative of lung cancer at the time of diagnosis. Compared to symptomatic patients, asymptomatic patients were younger, more often female, non-smokers, and more frequently presented with adenocarcinoma. Initial treatments were surgery (22.1%), radiation therapy (7.8%), chemo-radiation therapy (5.4%), and chemotherapy (38%), while 26.6% of patients were recorded to have supportive care only. Asymptomatic patients received surgery in 60.0% of cases, and they showed significantly longer survival times than symptomatic patients. Absence of symptoms at diagnosis significantly reduced the risk of death from non-small cell lung cancer, regardless of patient age, patient gender, stage at diagnosis, smoking history, or whether treatment was performed, but did not reduce the risk of death from small cell lung cancer. CONCLUSIONS Adenocarcinoma has grown to be the leading histopathologic type of lung cancer in South Korea. Absence of symptom at diagnosis is a favorable prognostic factor for patients with non-small cell lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Ho In
- The Survey Committee of Korean Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Berardi R, Verdecchia L, Paolo MDP, Giampieri R, Scartozzi M, Pierantoni C, Bianconi M, Mazzanti P, Cascinu S. Women and lung cancer: clinical and molecular profiling as a determinate for treatment decisions: a literature review. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2008; 69:223-36. [PMID: 18722785 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2008.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2008] [Revised: 06/23/2008] [Accepted: 06/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past decade the incidence of lung cancer among women has risen, whereas among men it has slightly declined. Important differences in lung cancer have been demonstrated between men and women, although many areas still remain controversial. Some biologic differences may justify the increase in response of women to therapy for lung cancer and can partially explain the improved survival of women compared with men. We extensively reviewed the published scientific literature on this topic in order to investigate the clinical and genetic profiling underlying lung cancer in women and to use this information as a tool for medical therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Berardi
- Clinica di Oncologia Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti Umberto I - GM Lancisi - G Salesi di Ancona, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Martins RDC, Almeida SAD, Siciliano AADO, Landesmann MCPP, Silva FBD, Franco CADB, Fonseca LMBD. Valor do FDG[18F]-PET/TC como preditor de câncer em nódulo pulmonar solitário. J Bras Pneumol 2008; 34:473-80. [DOI: 10.1590/s1806-37132008000700007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2007] [Accepted: 10/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJETIVO: Determinar a acurácia diagnóstica da positron emission tomography (tomografia por emissão de pósitrons)/tomografia computadorizada (PET/TC) com deoxiglicose marcada com flúor-18, conhecida como fluorodeoxiglicose (FDG[18F]), na avaliação de nódulo pulmonar solitário (NPS). MÉTODOS: Análise prospectiva de 53 pacientes consecutivos que realizaram PET/TC para avaliação de NPS, entre março de 2005 e maio de 2007. Destes 32 preencheram os critérios de inclusão. As lesões foram avaliadas quanto a sua localização e tamanho, grau de captação do radiofármaco e o standardized uptake value (SUV, valor padronizado de captação) máximo das lesões. Os achados dos estudos de FDG-PET/TC foram correlacionados com outros preditores de malignidade (idade, sexo, tabagismo, tamanho e localização do nódulo). O diagnóstico definitivo foi estabelecido por confirmação histopatológica ou acompanhamento clínico-radiológico por um período mínimo de um ano. RESULTADOS: Encontrados 14 NPS malignos. Após análise da curva ROC, o SUV de 2,5 foi considerado o melhor ponto de corte que identificou corretamente 13 dos 14 NPS malignos. Os resultados abaixo deste ponto de corte mostraram um exame falso positivo para neoplasia num total de 14. O método semiquantitativo apresentou sensibilidade de 92,9%, especificidade de 72,2%, valor preditivo positivo de 72,2%, valor preditivo negativo de 92,9% e acurácia de 81,2%. Na análise multivariada, apenas a localização do nódulo nos lobos superiores (p = 0,048) e o SUV (p = 0,007) demonstraram significância estatística para malignidade no NPS. CONCLUSÕES: Os dados do estudo mostram que o SUV da FDG[18F] é um bom preditor de neoplasia em nódulos pulmonares e com alto valor preditivo negativo, o que oferece grande segurança em afastar presença de malignidade, indicando sua importância na abordagem diagnóstica do nódulo pulmonar.
Collapse
|
28
|
Shugarman LR, Bird CE, Schuster CR, Lynn J. Age and gender differences in medicare expenditures and service utilization at the end of life for lung cancer decedents. Womens Health Issues 2008; 18:199-209. [PMID: 18457755 PMCID: PMC2440649 DOI: 10.1016/j.whi.2008.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2007] [Revised: 02/15/2008] [Accepted: 02/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Gender and age differences in medical care are well documented. We examined age and gender differences in Medicare expenditures for lung cancer decedents in the last year of life (LYOL) through a cross-sectional study of Medicare administrative and claims data. METHODS Participants were aged Medicare beneficiaries (>or=68) with lung cancer, who were covered by Parts A and B for 36 months before death (1996-1999; n = 13,120). Regression techniques were used to estimate age and gender differences in mean Medicare utilization and expenditures in the LYOL overall and by type of service, conditional on use: inpatient, outpatient, physician, skilled nursing facility (SNF), home health, and hospice, controlling for demographic, clinical, geographic, and supply characteristics. RESULTS Women were more likely than men to use inpatient, SNF, home health, and hospice services. Women's average expenditures were approximately dollars 1,900 greater than men's, with differences attributed to higher average expenditures for SNF, home health, and hospice. Older cohorts used fewer inpatient and outpatient services and used more SNF and hospice services in their LYOL. Average Medicare expenditures were significantly lower in older cohorts (dollars 8,487 less for those age >or=85 at death than for those 68-74). Adjusting for age explains most of the gender differences in average Medicare expenditures. Remaining gender differences vary across age cohorts, with larger gender differences in social-supportive service expenditures among those 68-74 and 75-84 and outpatient and physician services among those 75-84 and >or=85. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that gender disparities in expenditures are generally small at the end of life for lung cancer decedents, particularly among the older cohorts. As expected, the bigger observed differences are by age although the direction of the association is not consistent across types of service. Higher expenditures for women on social-supportive services may reflect fewer informal supports for older women compared with men.
Collapse
|
29
|
Boing AF, Rossi TF. Tendência temporal e distribuição espacial da mortalidade por câncer de pulmão no Brasil entre 1979 e 2004: magnitude, padrões regionais e diferenças entre sexos. J Bras Pneumol 2007; 33:544-51. [DOI: 10.1590/s1806-37132007000500009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2007] [Accepted: 02/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJETIVOS: Descrever a tendência temporal e a distribuição espacial da mortalidade por câncer de traquéia, brônquios e pulmão no Brasil entre 1979 e 2004. MÉTODOS: Os dados de mortalidade segundo o sexo e as regiões geográficas do Brasil foram obtidos junto ao Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade, o qual foi criado pelo Ministério da Saúde em 1975. Os dados populacionais provêm dos censos, da contagem populacional e das estimativas intercensitárias. As taxas de mortalidade foram padronizadas pelo método direto, e as tendências foram analisadas para cada sexo e região utilizando-se o método de Prais-Winsten para regressão linear generalizada. RESULTADOS: A mortalidade por câncer de pulmão correspondeu a aproximadamente 12% da mortalidade geral por neoplasias no Brasil durante o período. A tendência foi de aumento em ambos os sexos e em todas as regiões, exceto na população masculina do sudeste, cujas taxas se mantiveram estáveis entre 1979 e 2004. As maiores taxas foram observadas no sul e no sudeste. Entretanto, a região nordeste foi a que apresentou o maior aumento, seguida pelo centro-oeste e o norte. Em todas as regiões, o incremento nas taxas de mortalidade foi maior entre as mulheres. CONCLUSÕES: O aumento na mortalidade por câncer de pulmão no Brasil entre 1979 e 2004 exige medidas públicas que minimizem a exposição aos fatores de risco, sobretudo ao tabaco, e permitam maior acesso aos serviços de saúde para diagnóstico e tratamento.
Collapse
|
30
|
Wahbah M, Boroumand N, Castro C, El-Zeky F, Eltorky M. Changing trends in the distribution of the histologic types of lung cancer: a review of 4,439 cases. Ann Diagn Pathol 2007; 11:89-96. [PMID: 17349566 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2006.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the second most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer death in both men and women. The purpose of the study is to explore the distribution of the 4 major histologic types of lung carcinoma and the incidence of lung cancer with reference to all other sites of cancer. The clinical and histopathologic data of 4,439 patients with lung carcinoma between January 1980 and December 2003 were reviewed. Adenocarcinoma has become the most frequent histologic type in men and women (36.8% and 46.5%, respectively), followed by squamous cell carcinoma (31.6% and 25.4%, respectively). The incidence of large cell (undifferentiated) carcinoma in men and women is 18.0% and 9.9%, respectively. The incidence of small cell carcinoma in men and women is 13.7% and 18.3%, respectively. In addition, analysis of our data indicates that lung cancer rate is decreasing, relative to all other primary cancer sites. The results of this study suggest that the incidence of lung cancer has decreased in comparison with other sources of cancer in southern Texas. This observation is consistent with the current national trends. In addition, there are significant changes in the distribution of the major histologic types of lung cancer. The results of this study may portend important changes in the selection of targeted therapy and patient management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Wahbah
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0588, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Oommen S, Vasu VT, Leonard SW, Traber MG, Cross CE, Gohil K. Genome wide responses of murine lungs to dietary alpha-tocopherol. Free Radic Res 2007; 41:98-109. [PMID: 17164183 PMCID: PMC2782686 DOI: 10.1080/10715760600935567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Alpha-tocopherol (alpha-T) may affect biological processes by modulating mRNA concentrations. This study screened the responses of approximately 15,000 lung mRNAs to dietary alpha-T in mice. The lung was chosen as the target organ because it is subjected to cyclical variations in oxidant and inflammatory stressors and alpha-T has been implicated in their modulations. The analysis identified approximately 400 mRNAs sensitive to alpha-T status of lungs determined by dietary alpha-T. The female lung transcriptome appears to be more sensitive to the alpha-T status than that of the male lungs. Here, we focus on the induction of 13 cytoskeleton genes by dietary alpha-T because they were similarly induced in the male and the female lungs. Their inductions were confirmed by quantitative-real-time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Immunohistochemical analyses of three of the encoded proteins suggest that they are expressed in lung vasculature and alveolar regions. The data suggest that the lung alpha-T status may modulate cytoarchitecture of lungs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saji Oommen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine, Genome and Biomedical Sciences Facility, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
|
33
|
Sotto-Mayor R. [Lung cancer in women: a different entity?]. REVISTA PORTUGUESA DE PNEUMOLOGIA 2006; 12:545-61. [PMID: 17117325 DOI: 10.1016/s0873-2159(15)30449-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is becoming a real epidemic in developed countries and one of the main causes of cancer death in women. Although it is controversial to state, it is probable that women are more susceptible to lung cancer than men. Molecular and genetic epidemiology studies are underway to prove this statement. Several biological factors, such as family history, histopathology, response to treatment and the prognosis for lung cancer in women have a bearing on the case. While these are not completely clear or consensual, there is a need for wide-ranging prospective studies which compare the differences between males and females. Until now, there has only been one area in which gender could impact on the therapeutic management of lung cancer: the role of gefitinib and erlotinib in inhibiting the epidermal growth factor receptors, since these products are clearly of more benefit to female non-smokers. Given that women have a better lung cancer prognosis, it is recommended that future research protocols include stratification on gender. Prevention of lung cancer in both women and men is a priority public health concern. A mandatory aim of this is the fight against smoking, the largest aetiological factor of lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renato Sotto-Mayor
- Coordenador do Serviço de Pneumologia do Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Elliott AM, Hannaford PC. Use of exogenous hormones by women and lung cancer: evidence from the Royal College of General Practitioners' Oral Contraception Study. Contraception 2006; 73:331-5. [PMID: 16531161 DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2005.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2005] [Revised: 10/11/2005] [Accepted: 10/12/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to assess the risk of lung cancer among women who have used oral contraception or hormone replacement therapy (HRT), especially those exposed to both classes of exogenous hormones. DESIGN This study is a nested case-control one using prospectively collected data from the Royal College of General Practitioners' Oral Contraception Study (OCS). The 162 case patients were women with a diagnosis of lung cancer recorded on the OCS database by August 2004. Each case patient was matched with 3 control subjects who were free of the disease at the time of the case patient's diagnosis, of similar age and with similar length of follow-up in the OCS. RESULTS Compared with never use, current use of oral contraception was associated with a statistically nonsignificant reduced risk of lung cancer, with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 0.47 and a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.08-2.95 (OR=0.86 and 95% CI=0.50-1.48 for former use; OR=0.84 and 95% CI=0.49-1.43 for ever use). Similar comparisons for HRT were current use (OR=1.21, 95% CI=0.23-6.37), former use (OR=0.62, 95% CI=0.23-1.68) and ever use (OR=0.71, 95% CI=0.28-1.78). The OR among women who had used both classes of hormones was 0.53 (95% CI=0.16-1.72), as compared with those who had used neither. CONCLUSIONS Our results are compatible with findings from other studies that suggest that oral contraceptives may reduce the risk of lung cancer. Evidence for a beneficial effect of HRT is less convincing. Further study is needed to determine how long any benefit lasts and whether it is stronger in women exposed to both classes of exogenous hormones. The small number of events occurring in this very large cohort, however, shows that any public health benefit is likely to be marginal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alison M Elliott
- Department of General Practice and Primary Care, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill Health Center, AB25 2AY Aberdeen, Scotland.
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Vallböhmer D, Brabender J, Yang DY, Danenberg K, Schneider PM, Metzger R, Holscher AH, Danenberg PV. Sex Differences in the Predictive Power of the Molecular Prognostic Factor HER2/neu in Patients with Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Clin Lung Cancer 2006; 7:332-7. [PMID: 16640805 DOI: 10.3816/clc.2006.n.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies imply that HER2/neu is a potential prognostic factor in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Whereas considerable evidence indicates sex differences in epidemiologic, hormonal, biologic, and genetic factors in this disease, it has remained unknown whether HER2/neu has a diverse function as a prognostic factor in men and women. PATIENTS AND METHODS We investigated the association between gene expression levels of HER2/neu in the primary tumors of 90 patients with curable resected NSCLC and survival, especially analyzing whether there is a different potential of this molecular factor in its prognostic impact between men and women. RESULTS High HER2/neu gene expression levels were found in 62 patients (68.9%), and low HER2/neu gene expression levels were found in 28 patients (31.1%). High HER2/neu messenger RNA expression levels were associated with inferior survival (P = 0.09) compared with lower HER2/neu expression. Survival analysis was then carried out separately for men and women in this group of patients. An HER2/neu gene expression cutoff point was identified that separated women, but not men, into good and poor prognostic groups. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that HER2/neu as a prognostic factor is strongly sex specific, indicating that it is not useful for men but highly predictive for women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Vallböhmer
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Sotto-Mayor R. Factores de prognóstico no cancro do pulmão: Algumas notas. REVISTA PORTUGUESA DE PNEUMOLOGIA 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s0873-2159(15)30540-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
|
37
|
Hsieh RK, Lim KH, Kuo HT, Tzen CY, Huang MJ. Female Sex and Bronchioloalveolar Pathologic Subtype Predict EGFR Mutations in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. Chest 2005; 128:317-21. [PMID: 16002952 DOI: 10.1378/chest.128.1.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES The prevalence of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in gefitinib-naive lung cancer patients is higher in adenocarcinomas, in women, and in Japanese. To further investigate the prevalence of EGFR mutations in relation to ethnic and geographic factors, we evaluated EGFR mutations in a series of Taiwanese patients with primary lung adenocarcinomas who had never been treated with gefitinib. DESIGN AND METHODS We retrospectively studied 35 primary lung adenocarcinoma samples for mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain of EGFR; exons 18, 19, and 21 were analyzed by nested polymerase chain reaction and automated sequencing. Clinicopathologic information was obtained from patient records and pathology reports. Correlation between EGFR mutations and patient characteristics, including sex, smoking history, and pathologic subtypes, were evaluated by using the chi(2) test and logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Heterozygous EGFR mutations were detected in 17 of 35 patients (48%). Missense mutations in exon 21 (13 of 17 patients, 76%) were the most frequent mutations detected. EGFR mutations were more frequent in women (13 of 18 patients [72%]) than in men (4 of 17 patients [23%]; p = 0.004), more frequent in nonsmokers (14 of 21 patients [66%]) than in current smokers (3 of 14 patients [21%]; p = 0.009), and when any degree of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) was present (14 of 21 patients [66%]) compared with pure adenocarcinoma (3 of 14 patients [21%]; p = 0.009). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that female gender (odds ratio [OR], 10.913; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.778 to 66.97; p = 0.01) and BAC, including adenocarcinomas with any bronchioloalveolar features (OR, 9.708; 95% CI, 1.464 to 64.393; p = 0.019), were significantly associated with EGFR mutations. CONCLUSIONS In our series, female sex and bronchioloalveolar pathologic subtype predicted the presence of EGFR mutations in lung adenocarcinomas, and the high frequency of EGFR mutations supports the hypothesis that genetic backgrounds and/or environmental factors may affect the pathogenesis of certain lung cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruey-Kuen Hsieh
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital 156, Min-Sheng West Rd, Taipei 104, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Pauk N, Kubík A, Zatloukal P, Krepela E. Lung cancer in women. Lung Cancer 2005; 48:1-9. [PMID: 15777966 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2004.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2004] [Revised: 10/18/2004] [Accepted: 10/19/2004] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most important avoidable causes of death around the world, it is the most widespread carcinoma with a very poor prognosis, and is the leading cause of cancer death in both developed and developing countries. At present more men than women die each year from lung cancer, but in recent years a rapid increase in lung cancer mortality has been observed among women in developed countries, contrasting with a levelling off or decrease among men. The rising trend in female lung cancer mortality has been observed to parallel with the past and current prevalence of cigarette smoking among women in the United States and elsewhere. An important role of other factors acting either as independent risk factors or interacting with the effect of smoking has been suggested by some studies among women, among them genetic, biologic and hormonal factors, and probably some factors related to the environment and lifestyle. There is a controversy concerning the claim that women have a different susceptibility to tobacco carcinogens, which might or might not be greater than men do. Since tobacco is far and away the strongest epidemiological risk factor for the development of lung cancer, comprehensive smoking control efforts are the priority in the prevention of lung cancer among women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Pauk
- Department of Pneumology and Thoracic Surgery, Charles University, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Na Bulovce, and Postgraduate Medical Institute, Budínova 2, 18081 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|