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Pediatric Tuberculosis Management: A Global Challenge or Breakthrough? CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9081120. [PMID: 36010011 PMCID: PMC9406656 DOI: 10.3390/children9081120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Managing pediatric tuberculosis (TB) remains a public health problem requiring urgent and long-lasting solutions as TB is one of the top ten causes of ill health and death in children as well as adolescents universally. Minors are particularly susceptible to this severe illness that can be fatal post-infection or even serve as reservoirs for future disease outbreaks. However, pediatric TB is the least prioritized in most health programs and optimal infection/disease control has been quite neglected for this specialized patient category, as most scientific and clinical research efforts focus on developing novel management strategies for adults. Moreover, the ongoing coronavirus pandemic has meaningfully hindered the gains and progress achieved with TB prophylaxis, therapy, diagnosis, and global eradication goals for all affected persons of varying age bands. Thus, the opening of novel research activities and opportunities that can provide more insight and create new knowledge specifically geared towards managing TB disease in this specialized group will significantly improve their well-being and longevity.
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Shafiek H, Shabana A, El-Seedy A, Khalil Y. P2X7 1513A/C loss-of-function polymorphism and active tuberculosis disease in a cohort of Egyptian population: a pilot study. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-022-00304-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Tuberculosis (TB) is a multifactorial disease, and increasing evidence shows that genetic variants in regulating genes of immune response confer susceptibility to active TB at the individual level. We aimed to identify the contribution of P2X7 receptor 1513A/C genetic polymorphisms to different clinical forms of active tuberculosis in a cohort of Egyptian population.
Methods
A case–control study that enrolled 25 newly diagnosed pulmonary TB (PTB) patients by positive sputum for AFB or positive culture, 25 extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) diagnosed by pathological/bacteriological/immunological studies and 25 healthy controls. A blood sample was taken before starting of therapy for P2X7 1513A/C polymorphism genotyping using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism.
Results
Fifty-two percent of the participants were in the third decade with equal gender distribution. P2X7 receptor 1513AA (homozygote wild), AC (heterozygote) and CC (homozygote mutant) genotypes were identified. AC and CC genotypes distribution were significantly more frequent in the active TB cases (either PTB or EPTB) rather than controls (p < 0.05). Further, P2X7 1513A/C genotypes’ distribution did not associate with old TB or gender (p > 0.05), but significantly associated with history of smoking (x2 trend analysis p = 0.036).
Conclusions
There is positive association between P2X7 receptor 1513A/C polymorphism and active tuberculosis in the Egyptians.
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Macrophage migration inhibitory factor - 794 CATT 5-8 microsatellite polymorphism and susceptibility of tuberculosis. Infection 2021; 49:457-461. [PMID: 33385298 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-020-01562-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The establishment of candidate genetic determinants associated with tuberculosis (TB) is a challenge, considering the divergent frequencies among populations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between MIF - 794 CATT 5-8 polymorphism and susceptibility to TB. METHODS Case-control study. Patients > 18 years, with pulmonary TB were included. The control group consisted of blood donors and household contacts, not relatives, healthy and > 18 years. MIF - 794 CATT 5-8 were genotyped using sequencing of PCR and capillary electrophoresis. RESULTS 126 patients and 119 controls were included. The genotype 5/5 was more frequent among cases (15.1%) than in controls (5.9%) (p = 0.019). Cases had more frequently the allele 5 (29.4%) as compared with controls (19.3%) (p = 0.010). Prevalence of 7/X + 8/X genotypes was not different between cases and controls (p = 0.821). There was no difference between patients with alleles 7 and 8 and those with alleles 5 and 6 (p = 0.608). CONCLUSIONS The genotype 5/5 and the allele 5 of MIF - 794 CATT 5-8 were more frequent among TB patients than in controls.
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Gehlen M, Costa ERD, Rossetti MLR, Silva DR. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor -173 G>C single nucleotide polymorphism and its association with active pulmonary tuberculosis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234565. [PMID: 32525926 PMCID: PMC7289423 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The establishment of candidate genes associated with susceptibility to TB is a challenge especially due to divergent frequencies among different populations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) -173 G>C single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and susceptibility to pulmonary TB in a population of southern Brazil. METHODS Case-control study. Patients > 18 years old, diagnosed with pulmonary TB were included. The control group consisted of blood donors and household contacts, not relatives, healthy and > 18 years old. MIF -173 G>C SNPs were genotyped using real-time PCR using a TaqMan SNP Genotyping assay. RESULTS 174 patients and 166 controls were included. There were no statistically significant differences between cases and controls regarding genotype prevalence (p>0.05). Comparing patients with normal genotype (GG) with those with at least one C allele, there was also no statistically significant difference (p = 0.135). Also, there was no statistically significant difference comparing the homozygous for the mutation (CC) with the other patients (GG and CG) (p = 0.864). CONCLUSIONS We did not find association between MIF -173 G>C polymorphism and susceptibility to pulmonary TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirela Gehlen
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Pneumológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Elis Regina Dalla Costa
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Secretaria Estadual da Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul (CDCT/SES), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Lucia Rosa Rossetti
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Molecular e Celular Aplicada a Saúde (Biosaude), Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Denise Rossato Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Pneumológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Sheng YF, Qi Q. Association of chemotactic chemokine ligand 5 rs2107538 polymorphism with tuberculosis susceptibility: A meta-analysis. Innate Immun 2019; 26:358-363. [PMID: 31874580 PMCID: PMC7903532 DOI: 10.1177/1753425919891662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A meta-analysis was carried out in this study by summarizing relevant research to evaluate the relationship between rs2107538 polymorphism in the chemotactic chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) gene and tuberculosis (TB) susceptibility. Published studies were retrieved from PubMed, Embase, and CNKI databases using the keywords 'CCL5', 'TB', and 'polymorphism'. Nine studies involving 2584 patients with TB and 2265 controls were included in the current meta-analysis. The combined results suggested that the CCL5 rs2107538 polymorphism was correlated with TB susceptibility (recessive model: OR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.02-2.07). Subgroup analysis according to race indicated that such correlation could be detected in Caucasians (CT versus CC: OR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.20-1.95; dominant model: OR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.25-1.99), but not in East Asian, South Asian, and South African populations. In conclusion, the results of our meta-analysis suggest that CCL5 rs2107538 polymorphism might contribute to the risk of TB, especially in Caucasians. Well-designed studies with more subjects will be required for further validation of these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Feng Sheng
- Department of Tuberculosis, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi Qi
- Department of Tuberculosis, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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Abstract
Emerging data point to important contributions of both autoimmune inflammation and progressive degeneration in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS). Unfortunately, after decades of intensive investigation, the fundamental cause remains unknown. A large body of research on the immunobiology of MS has resulted in a variety of anti-inflammatory therapies that are highly effective at reducing brain inflammation and clinical/radiological relapses. However, despite potent suppression of inflammation, benefit in the more important and disabling progressive phase is extremely limited; thus, progressive MS has emerged as the greatest challenge for the MS research and clinical communities. Data obtained over the years point to a complex interplay between environment (e.g., the near-absolute requirement of Epstein-Barr virus exposure), immunogenetics (strong associations with a large number of immune genes), and an ever more convincing role of an underlying degenerative process resulting in demyelination (in both white and grey matter regions), axonal and neuro-synaptic injury, and a persistent innate inflammatory response with a seemingly diminishing role of T cell-mediated autoimmunity as the disease progresses. Together, these observations point toward a primary degenerative process, one whose cause remains unknown but one that entrains a nearly ubiquitous secondary autoimmune response, as a likely sequence of events underpinning this disease. Here, we briefly review what is known about the potential pathophysiological mechanisms, focus on progressive MS, and discuss the two main hypotheses of MS pathogenesis that are the topic of vigorous debate in the field: whether primary autoimmunity or degeneration lies at the foundation. Unravelling this controversy will be critically important for developing effective new therapies for the most disabling later phases of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter K. Stys
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Medicine University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shigeki Tsutsui
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Medicine University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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7
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Vuorela M, Mars NJ, Salonen J, Kauppi MJ. Tuberculosis in people with rheumatic disease in Finland 1995-2007: a nationwide retrospective register study. Rheumatol Adv Pract 2019; 3:rkz020. [PMID: 31528842 PMCID: PMC6736076 DOI: 10.1093/rap/rkz020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives RA and its medication, especially TNF-α inhibitors, increase the risk of clinical tuberculosis (TB) infection. We aimed to investigate the clinical manifestations, incidence and temporal changes in TB occurring concurrently with rheumatic diseases (RDs) between 1995 and 2007. Methods We combined the register of the Social Insurance Institution of Finland and the National Infectious Disease Register to find adult patients with reimbursed DMARDs and with a TB notification between 1995 and 2007. After reviewing the medical records, we described their clinical manifestations and medications, explored TB incidence trends using Poisson regression, and compared the incidence of TB with that of the general population. Results We identified 291 patients with both TB and rheumatic disease (RD), 196 of whom had RA. Between 1995 and 2007, the incidence of TB in adult RD decreased from 58.8 to 30.0 per 100 000 (trend P < 0.001, average marginal effect -3.4/100 000 per year, 95% CI -4.4, -2.4). Compared with the general population, the incidence was ∼4-fold. Among RD patients, pulmonary TB was the most common form of TB (72.6%). Disseminated TB was present in 56 (19.6%) patients. Conclusion The incidence of TB among RD patients was ∼4-fold that of the general population, and it declined between 1995 and 2007. Disseminated TB was present in nearly 20% of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjo Vuorela
- Internal Medicine Department, Päijät-Häme Central Hospital, Lahti
| | - Nina J Mars
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki.,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki
| | - Juha Salonen
- Internal Medicine Department, Vaasa Central Hospital, Vaasa, Finland
| | - Markku J Kauppi
- Internal Medicine Department, Päijät-Häme Central Hospital, Lahti
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8
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Wang MG, Zhang MM, Wang Y, Wu SQ, Zhang M, He JQ. Association of TLR8 and TLR9 polymorphisms with tuberculosis in a Chinese Han population: a case-control study. BMC Infect Dis 2018; 18:561. [PMID: 30424735 PMCID: PMC6234681 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-3485-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Toll-like receptor (TLR) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been associated with regulation of TLR expression and development of active tuberculosis (TB). The objectives of this study were to determine whether TLR8 and TLR9 SNPs were associated with the development of latent TB infection (LTBI) and the subsequent pulmonary TB (PTB) in a Chinese Han population. Methods Two independent samples were enrolled. The first sample contained 584 TB cases and 608 controls; the second sample included 204 healthy controls, 201 LTBI subjects and 209 bacteria-confirmed active PTB patients. Three SNPs (rs3764880, rs187084 and rs5743836) were genotyped. The associations between the SNPs and risk of LTBI or PTB were investigated using unconditional logistic regression analysis. Results The A-allele of TLR8 rs3764880 SNP was protective against the development of TB in males (A vs G, OR = 0.58, 95%CI = 0.37–0.91). The AA genotype of rs3764880 SNP was found to increase the risk of PTB among females with an OR of 4.81 (1.11–20.85). The G allele of TLR9 SNP rs187084 was found to increase the risk of PTB (G vs A, P = 0.01, OR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.10–2.00), the significance was also observed under dominant genetic models. The GA-genotype of TLR9 rs187084 SNP was found to increase the risk of PTB with an OR of 1.68 (1.07–2.65), but was found to decrease the risk of MTB infection with an OR = 0.64 (0.41–0.98). TLR9_rs5743836 SNP was excluded from the data analyses, because the minimum allele frequency was< 1%. Conclusions Our findings in two independent samples indicated that SNPs in TLR8 and TLR9 were associated with the development of TB, and highlight that SNPs may have different effects on disease pathogenesis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Gui Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao-Miao Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shou-Quan Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Qing He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.
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Mittal M, Biswas SK, Singh V, Arela N, Katoch VM, Das R, Yadav VS, Bajaj B, Mohanty KK. Association of Toll like receptor 2 and 9 gene variants with pulmonary tuberculosis: exploration in a northern Indian population. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 45:469-476. [PMID: 29675696 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4182-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease of global importance. There is an increasing recognition of the role of Toll like receptors, important pattern recognition receptors of host immune system, in determining the susceptibility or resistance to TB in various populations. In an attempt to examine the importance of Toll like receptors in immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, we explored two variants each of TLR2 and TLR9 in a population residing in Uttar Pradesh, India. Genotyping was performed to detect -196 to -174 del polymorphism and G2258A SNP (Arg753Gln, rs5743708) in TLR2 gene and -T1237C (rs5743836) and G2848A (rs352140) SNP in TLR9 gene in patients with pulmonary TB and healthy controls. The A allele of G2848A SNP in TLR9 gene was found with a marginally higher frequency among TB patients as compared to healthy controls, suggesting that A allele at position 2848 of TLR9 gene may be associated with susceptibility to TB in North Indian population [p = 0.05, Mantel-Haenszel OR = 1.34, 95% CI (1.0-1.82)].
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Mittal
- Immunology Division, National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases (ICMR), Taj Ganj, Agra, 282004, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Biswas
- Immunology Division, National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases (ICMR), Taj Ganj, Agra, 282004, India
| | - Vandana Singh
- Immunology Division, National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases (ICMR), Taj Ganj, Agra, 282004, India
| | - Nidhi Arela
- Immunology Division, National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases (ICMR), Taj Ganj, Agra, 282004, India
| | - Vishwa Mohan Katoch
- Molecular Biology Division, National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases (ICMR), Agra, 282004, India
- Public Health Research, Rajasthan University of Health Sciences, Sector 18, Kumbha Marg, Pratap Nagar, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302033, India
| | - Ram Das
- Molecular Biology Division, National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases (ICMR), Agra, 282004, India
- National Institute of Malaria Research, Sector 8, Dwarka, Delhi, 110077, India
| | - Virendra Singh Yadav
- Biostatistics & Epidemiology Unit, National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases (ICMR), Agra, 282004, India
| | - Bharat Bajaj
- State TB Demonstration and Training Centre, Agra, 282005, India
| | - Keshar Kunja Mohanty
- Immunology Division, National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases (ICMR), Taj Ganj, Agra, 282004, India.
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Ren G, You J, Gong X, Zhang X, Zhao L, Wei X, Jin T, Chen M. SP110 and PMP22 polymorphisms are associated with tuberculosis risk in a Chinese-Tibetan population. Oncotarget 2018; 7:66100-66108. [PMID: 27623071 PMCID: PMC5323218 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Susceptibility to tuberculosis (TB) is partially dependent on host genetic variability. SP110 and PMP22 are candidate genes identified in this study as associated with human susceptibility to TB. Here we performed an association analysis in a case-control study of a Tibetan population (217 cases and 383 controls). Using bioinformatics methods, we identified two SNPs in SP110 that may decrease susceptibility to TB (rs4327230, p<0.001, OR: 0.37, 95%CI: 0.25-0.55; rs2114591, p<0.001, OR: 0.59, 95%CI: 0.45-0.78), whereas one SNP in PMP22 appeared to increase TB risk (rs13422, p=0.003, OR: 1.45, 95%CI: 1.14-1.84). SNPs rs4327230 and rs2114591 remained significant after Bonferroni correction (p<0.00178). We found that the “GC” haplotype in SP110 was protective against TB, with a 64% reduction in disease risk. “CA” and “CG” in PMP22 were also associated with a protective effect. Our study indicates there is an association between specific gene polymorphisms and TB risk in a Tibetan population, and may help to identify those TB-affected individuals most susceptible to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxia Ren
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, People's Republic of China.,Department of Intergrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xi'an Chest Hospital, Xi'an 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangtao You
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianfeng Gong
- Department of Intergrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xi'an Chest Hospital, Xi'an 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiucheng Zhang
- Department of Intergrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xi'an Chest Hospital, Xi'an 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Intergrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xi'an Chest Hospital, Xi'an 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianglan Wei
- Department of Intergrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xi'an Chest Hospital, Xi'an 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianbo Jin
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Tibet University for Nationalities, Xianyang 712082, People's Republic of China.,Xi'an Tiangen Precision Medical Institute, Xi'an 710075, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingwei Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, People's Republic of China
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IL-6 and IL-18 cytokine gene variants of pulmonary tuberculosis patients with co-morbid diabetes mellitus and their household contacts in Hyderabad. Gene 2017; 627:298-306. [PMID: 28652186 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Association of cytokine genes reflects their susceptibility towards infection and disease in household contacts (HHC) of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients. Hyperglycemia, a common factor in diabetics might influence their risk towards mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and disease development. This study determines the association of IL-6 and IL-18 cytokine gene variants of TB patients with diabetes mellitus (TBDM) and their HHC in Hyderabad. METHODS Single nucleotide polymorphisms of IL-6 (-174 G>C and -572 G>C) and IL-18 (-137 G>C and -607 C>A) cytokine genes were genotyped by Amplification Refractory Mutation System and Restriction Fragment Length polymerase chain reaction in total of 705 subjects comprising of TBDM, their HHC, PTB, DM and Healthy controls (HC). RESULTS At IL-6 -174G>C variant, GG genotype, G allele in TBDM and TBDM HHC, at -572G>C variant, C allele in TBDM and GG haplotype in TBDM HHC were showing positive association, however DM have not shown any association at IL-6 polymorphic sites. With respect to the IL-18 gene polymorphisms, at -137 G>C variant, GG genotype was positively associated in PTB while at -607 C>A variant positive association was shown with AC genotype in TBDM, their HHC and DM; GACC diplotype in TBDM and GCGC in PTB. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that susceptible combination of IL-6 and IL-18 cytokine genes associated with disease in the HHCs highlight their risk of inclination towards the disease.
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12
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Liang L, Liu H, Yue J, Liu LR, Han M, Luo LL, Zhao YL, Xiao H. Association of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism in the Hepcidin Promoter Gene with Susceptibility to Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2017; 21:351-356. [PMID: 28530443 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2016.0300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepcidin is a 25-amino acid peptide produced by the liver in response to inflammation and iron overload. It is encoded by the hepcidin antimicrobial peptide (HAMP) gene and plays a key role in innate immunity. Previous studies have reported that a -582 A>G polymorphism in the HAMP promoter (HAMP-P) affects hepcidin expression, causing susceptibility to various bacterial and viral pathogens. However, it is not known whether the HAMP-P -582 A>G polymorphism is associated with tuberculosis (TB) susceptibility. AIMS The objective of the current study was to examine the relationship between the HAMP-P -582 A>G polymorphism and TB susceptibility in a Chinese Han population. METHODS Han Chinese subjects examined included 500 pulmonary TB, 386 extrapulmonary TB, and 600 healthy control subjects. We analyzed correlations between the hepcidin promoter -582 A>G polymorphism and disease susceptibility and then examined the regulatory effects of the -582 A>G variant on hepcidin production in CD14+ monocyte cultures stimulated with lipoarabinomannan derived from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. RESULTS Our findings indicate that the HAMP-P -582 A>G polymorphism (rs10421768) is associated with susceptibility to extrapulmonary TB, but not pulmonary TB. CD14+ monocytes from individuals with the rs10421768 GG genotype secreted significantly less hepcidin in response to M. tuberculosis lipoarabinomannan compared with cells from individuals with either the AA or AG genotypes. CONCLUSIONS The G allele of the HAMP-P -582 A>G gene may play a critical role in TB susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liang
- 1 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
| | - Huijuan Liu
- 2 Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Yue
- 1 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Rong Liu
- 1 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
| | - Min Han
- 1 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
| | - Liu-Lin Luo
- 1 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Lin Zhao
- 3 National Center for Tuberculosis Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing, China
| | - Heping Xiao
- 1 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
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13
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Zhang S, Wang XB, Han YD, Wang C, Zhou Y, Zheng F. Certain Polymorphisms in SP110 Gene Confer Susceptibility to Tuberculosis: A Comprehensive Review and Updated Meta-Analysis. Yonsei Med J 2017; 58:165-173. [PMID: 27873510 PMCID: PMC5122633 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2017.58.1.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Numerous studies have assessed the association of SP110 gene variants with tuberculosis (TB), but the results were inconsistent. Through a comprehensive review and meta-analysis, our study aimed to clarify the nature of genetic risks contributed by 11 polymorphisms for the development of TB. MATERIALS AND METHODS Through searching PubMed, web of science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases, a total of 11 articles including 13 independent studies were selected. The pooled odd ratios (ORs) along with their corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated for allelic comparisons, additive model (homozygote comparisons; heterozygote comparisons), dominant model and recessive model. We also assessed the heterogeneity across the studies and publication bias. RESULTS The results of combined analysis revealed a significantly increased risk of TB for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs9061 in all five comparisons (allelic comparisons: OR=1.28, 95% CI=1.14-1.44, p<0.0001; homozygote comparisons: OR=2.84, 95% CI=1.84-4.38, p<0.00001; heterozygote comparisons: OR=1.23, 95% CI=1.05-1.43, p=0.009; dominant model: OR=1.32, 95% CI=1.14-1.53, p=0.0003; recessive model: OR=2.26, 95% CI=1.18-4.34, p=0.01). In subgroup analysis, the risk of TB associated with SNP rs9061 appeared to be increased. Moreover, increased risk of TB was also found in Asian subgroup of SNP rs11556887, while decreased risk of TB appeared in large sample size subgroup of SNP rs1135791. No significant association was observed between other SNPs and the risk of TB. CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis suggested that the variant of SNP rs9061 might be a risk factor for TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xue Bin Wang
- Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ya Di Han
- Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ye Zhou
- Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fang Zheng
- Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Wang Y, Yang C, He Y, Zhan X, Xu L. Ipr1 modified BCG as a novel vaccine induces stronger immunity than BCG against tuberculosis infection in mice. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:1756-64. [PMID: 27356552 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a major challenge to global public health. However, the Bacille Calmette‑Guérin (BCG), the only vaccine available against tuberculosis, has been questioned for the low protective effect. The present study used the mouse gene intracellular pathogen resistance I (Ipr1) gene to alter the current BCG vaccine and evaluated its immunity effect against tuberculosis. This study also investigated the intrinsic relationships of Ipr1 and innate immunity. The reformed BCG (BCGi) carrying the Ipr1 gene was constructed. The mice were intranasally challenged with the M. tuberculosis H37Rv strain after vaccination with BCGi. Protection efficacy of the vaccine was assessed by the organ coefficient, bacterial load and pathological changes in the lung. The differential expression of 113 immune‑related genes between BCGi and BCG groups were detected by an oligo microarray. According to the results of organ coefficient, bacterial load and pathological changes in the organization, BCGi had been shown to have stronger protective effects against M. tuberculosis than BCG. The oligo microarray and reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction further revealed that the Ipr1 gene could upregulate the expression of 13 genes, including a >3‑fold increase in Toll‑like receptor (TLR)4 and 10‑fold increase in surfactant protein D (sftpd). The two genes not only participate in innate immunity against pathogens, but also are closely interrelated. Ipr1 could activate the TLR4 and sftpd signaling pathway and improve the innate immunity against tuberculosis, therefore Ipr1 modified BCG may be a candidate vaccine against M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400021, P.R. China
| | - Chun Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yonglin He
- Department of Microbiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Xingxing Zhan
- Department of Pediatrics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Microbiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
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15
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Huang L, Liu C, Liao G, Yang X, Tang X, Chen J. Vitamin D Receptor Gene FokI Polymorphism Contributes to Increasing the Risk of Tuberculosis: An Update Meta-Analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e2256. [PMID: 26705207 PMCID: PMC4697973 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000002256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between vitamin D receptor (VDR) FokI polymorphism and tuberculosis (TB) risk remains a matter of debate. Potential selection bias exists in most studies using HIV-positive TB patients.An update meta-analysis was carried out to derive a more reliable assessment of the association between FokI polymorphisms and TB risk, especially in HIV-negative TB patients. All major databases from inception to June 2015 were searched for all publications that studied the association between FokI polymorphism and TB risk. The odds ratios (ORs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated according to the frequencies of genotypes.In total, 32 studies with 4894 cases and 5319 controls were included in this meta-analysis. In the overall analysis, the estimated OR was 1.34 (95% CI=1.091-1.646, P = 0.005) in the best genetic model (recessive model, ff vs fF+FF) with moderate heterogeneity (I = 32.2%, P = 0.043). In the subgroup analysis stratified by HIV status, significant associations were found only in the HIV-negative TB group (OR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.180-2.077, P = 0.002; I = 29.5%, and P = 0.141 for heterogeneity). In the subgroup analysis stratified by ethnicity, significant associations were found in the Asian group (OR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.205-2.261, P = 0.002; I = 43.9%, and P = 0.024 for heterogeneity), but not in the Caucasian group (OR = 1.09, 95% CI = 0.762-1.547, P = 0.649; I = 0.0%, and P = 0.740 for heterogeneity) and African group (OR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.726-1.341, P = 0.934; I = 43.9%, and P = 0.024 for heterogeneity).This meta-analysis confirms that VDR FokI polymorphism contributes to the risk of TB, especially in HIV-negative TB patients and in the Asian group. Further studies are required to clarify the role of the FokI polymorphism in HIV-positive TB and in other ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liling Huang
- From the Department of Clinical Laboratory (LH, XY); Department of Tuberculosis (CL); Department of Central Laboratory (GL, XT); Department of Science and Education, Longtan Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Automomous Region, Liuzhou, Guangxi, People's Republic of China (JC)
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16
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Genome-Wide Association Study of Staphylococcus aureus Carriage in a Community-Based Sample of Mexican-Americans in Starr County, Texas. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142130. [PMID: 26569114 PMCID: PMC4646511 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is the number one cause of hospital-acquired infections. Understanding host pathogen interactions is paramount to the development of more effective treatment and prevention strategies. Therefore, whole exome sequence and chip-based genotype data were used to conduct rare variant and genome-wide association analyses in a Mexican-American cohort from Starr County, Texas to identify genes and variants associated with S. aureus nasal carriage. Unlike most studies of S. aureus that are based on hospitalized populations, this study used a representative community sample. Two nasal swabs were collected from participants (n = 858) 11–17 days apart between October 2009 and December 2013, screened for the presence of S. aureus, and then classified as either persistent, intermittent, or non-carriers. The chip-based and exome sequence-based single variant association analyses identified 1 genome-wide significant region (KAT2B) for intermittent and 11 regions suggestively associated with persistent or intermittent S. aureus carriage. We also report top findings from gene-based burden analyses of rare functional variation. Notably, we observed marked differences between signals associated with persistent and intermittent carriage. In single variant analyses of persistent carriage, 7 of 9 genes in suggestively associated regions and all 5 top gene-based findings are associated with cell growth or tight junction integrity or are structural constituents of the cytoskeleton, suggesting that variation in genes associated with persistent carriage impact cellular integrity and morphology.
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17
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Sauer MED, Salomão H, Ramos GB, D'Espindula HRS, Rodrigues RSA, Macedo WC, Sindeaux RHM, Mira MT. Genetics of leprosy: Expected-and unexpected-developments and perspectives. Clin Dermatol 2015; 34:96-104. [PMID: 26773629 DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A solid body of evidence produced over decades of intense research supports the hypothesis that leprosy phenotypes are largely dependent on the genetic characteristics of the host. The early evidence of a major gene effect controlling susceptibility to leprosy came from studies of familial aggregation, twins, and complex segregation analysis. Later, linkage and association analysis, first applied to the investigation of candidate genes and chromosomal regions and more recently, to genome-wide scans, have revealed several HLA and non-HLA gene variants as risk factors for leprosy phenotypes such as disease per se, its clinical forms, and leprosy reactions. In addition, powerful, hypothesis-free strategies such as genome-wide association studies have led to an exciting, unexpected development: Leprosy susceptibility genes seem to be shared with Crohn's and Parkinson's disease. Today, a major challenge is to find the exact variants causing the biological effect underlying the genetic associations. New technologies, such as Next Generation Sequencing-that allows, for the first time, the cost- and time-effective sequencing of a complete human genome-hold the promise to reveal such variants; thus, strategies can be developed to study the functional impact of these variants in the context of infection, hopefully leading to the development of new targets for leprosy treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica E D Sauer
- Group for Advanced Molecular Investigation, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Heloisa Salomão
- Group for Advanced Molecular Investigation, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Geovana B Ramos
- Group for Advanced Molecular Investigation, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Helena R S D'Espindula
- Group for Advanced Molecular Investigation, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Rafael S A Rodrigues
- Group for Advanced Molecular Investigation, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Wilian C Macedo
- Group for Advanced Molecular Investigation, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Renata H M Sindeaux
- School of Health and Biological Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Marcelo T Mira
- Group for Advanced Molecular Investigation, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; School of Health and Biological Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
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18
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Sauer MED, Salomão H, Ramos GB, D'Espindula HRS, Rodrigues RSA, Macedo WC, Sindeaux RHM, Mira MT. Genetics of leprosy: expected and unexpected developments and perspectives. Clin Dermatol 2015; 33:99-107. [PMID: 25432815 DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A solid body of evidence produced over decades of intense research supports the hypothesis that leprosy phenotypes are largely dependent on the genetic characteristics of the host. The early evidence of a major gene effect controlling susceptibility to leprosy came from studies of familial aggregation, twins, and Complex Segregation Analysis. Later, linkage and association analysis, first applied to the investigation of candidate genes and chromosomal regions and more recently, to genome-wide scans, have revealed several leukocyte antigen complex and nonleukocyte antigen complex gene variants as risk factors for leprosy phenotypes such as disease per se, its clinical forms and leprosy reactions. In addition, powerful, hypothesis-free strategies such as Genome-Wide Association Studies have led to an exciting, unexpected development: Leprosy susceptibility genes seem to be shared with Crohn's and Parkinson's diseases. Today, a major challenge is to find the exact variants causing the biological effect underlying the genetic associations. New technologies, such as Next Generation Sequencing that allows, for the first time, the cost and time-effective sequencing of a complete human genome, hold the promise to reveal such variants. Strategies can be developed to study the functional effect of these variants in the context of infection, hopefully leading to the development of new targets for leprosy treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica E D Sauer
- Group for Advanced Molecular Investigation, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Heloisa Salomão
- Group for Advanced Molecular Investigation, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Geovana B Ramos
- Group for Advanced Molecular Investigation, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Helena R S D'Espindula
- Group for Advanced Molecular Investigation, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Rafael S A Rodrigues
- Group for Advanced Molecular Investigation, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Wilian C Macedo
- Group for Advanced Molecular Investigation, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Renata H M Sindeaux
- School of Health and Biological Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Marcelo T Mira
- Group for Advanced Molecular Investigation, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; School of Health and Biological Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
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19
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Witas HW, Donoghue HD, Kubiak D, Lewandowska M, Gładykowska-Rzeczycka JJ. Molecular studies on ancient M. tuberculosis and M. leprae: methods of pathogen and host DNA analysis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2015. [PMID: 26210385 PMCID: PMC4545183 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-015-2427-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Humans have evolved alongside infectious diseases for millennia. Despite the efforts to reduce their incidence, infectious diseases still pose a tremendous threat to the world population. Fast development of molecular techniques and increasing risk of new epidemics have resulted in several studies that look to the past in order to investigate the origin and evolution of infectious diseases. Tuberculosis and leprosy have become frequent targets of such studies, owing to the persistence of their molecular biomarkers in ancient material and the characteristic skeletal lesions each disease may cause. This review examines the molecular methods used to screen for the presence of M. tuberculosis and M. leprae ancient DNA (aDNA) and their differentiation in ancient human remains. Examples of recent studies, mainly from Europe, that employ the newest techniques of molecular analysis are also described. Moreover, we present a specific approach based on assessing the likely immunological profile of historic populations, in order to further elucidate the influence of M. tuberculosis and M. leprae on historical human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- H W Witas
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland,
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20
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No Strong Relationship Between Components of the Lectin Pathway of Complement and Susceptibility to Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Inflammation 2015; 38:1731-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-015-0150-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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21
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Association between cytokine gene polymorphisms and tuberculosis in a Chinese population in Shanghai: a case-control study. BMC Immunol 2015; 16:8. [PMID: 25887222 PMCID: PMC4357147 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-015-0071-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polymorphisms in cytokine genes are known to influence cytokine levels, which may influence susceptibility to tuberculosis (TB) infection and disease. Differences in cytokine expression probably determine whether TB progresses, resolves, or becomes latent. In particular, the balance between the Th1 and Th2 cytokine responses influences the expression of disease in individuals with pulmonary TB (PTB). We performed a case-control study of 120 patients diagnosed with PTB, 240 with latent TB infection (LTBI), and 480 healthy controls (HC), to explore the association between polymorphisms in cytokine genes and a predisposition to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and TB disease. RESULTS A single-gene analysis showed a dominant association between the AA genotype or A allele at nucleotide -874 of the interferon γ (IFN-γ) gene and LTBI. The A allele at nucleotide -1082 of the interleukin 10 (IL-10) gene was significantly more common in PTB patients than in LTBI subjects. Moreover, the polymorphisms at IFN-γ -874 and IL10 - 1082 were associated with protein levels of IFN-γ and IL-10, respectively, in the PTB group. The genotype frequencies of other polymorphisms did not differ between the PTB patients, LTBI and HC subjects. Furthermore, combinations of polymorphisms with IFN-γ -874 were associated with LTBI, whereas combinations with IL10 - 1082 were more likely associated with PTB. CONCLUSIONS There are positive associations between the IFN-γ -874 polymorphism and TB and between the IL10 - 1082 polymorphism and LTBI. Our data provide genetic evidence of the multiple disease hypothesis that many cytokine genes are involved in TB susceptibility.
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22
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Park SK, Park CS, Lee HS, Park KS, Park BL, Cheong HS, Shin HD. Functional polymorphism in aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 gene associated with risk of tuberculosis. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2014; 15:40. [PMID: 24690209 PMCID: PMC3975138 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-15-40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background The well-known genetic polymorphisms in ADH1B(His47Arg) and ALDH2(Glu487Lys) have dramatic effects on the rate of metabolizing alcohol and acetaldehyde. We investigated possible involvement of these functional polymorphisms in other common complex-trait diseases. Methods The genetic effects of these two polymorphisms on hepatitis, asthma, type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and tuberculosis (TB) were examined in a Korean population. Results We demonstrated that the well-known functional polymorphism of a primary alcohol-metabolizing enzyme (ALDH2 Glu487Lys) has a strong genetic association with the risk of TB. The frequency of the minor allele (ALDH2*487Lys) was found to be much lower in TB patients (freq. = 0.099/n = 477) than among controls (freq. = 0.162/n = 796) (P = 0.00001, OR (95% confidential interval) = 0.57 (0.45-0.74)). Our data may indicate that TB was once an endemic disease, which exerted selection pressure for higher frequencies of ALDH2*487Lys in Asian populations. In addition, the calculated attributable fraction (AF) indicates that 39.5% of TB patients can attribute their disease to the detrimental effects of ALDH2Glu487Glu. Conclusion Our results suggest that this polymorphism is one of the genetic components of TB, at least in the Korean population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hyoung Doo Shin
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, SNP Genetics, Inc,, 1 Shinsu-dong, Mapo-gu, Seoul 121-742, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Nel HJ, du Plessis N, Kleynhans L, Loxton AG, van Helden PD, Walzl G. Mycobacterium bovis BCG infection severely delays Trichuris muris expulsion and co-infection suppresses immune responsiveness to both pathogens. BMC Microbiol 2014; 14:9. [PMID: 24433309 PMCID: PMC3898725 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-14-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global epidemiology of parasitic helminths and mycobacterial infections display extensive geographical overlap, especially in the rural and urban communities of developing countries. We investigated whether co-infection with the gastrointestinal tract-restricted helminth, Trichuris muris, and the intracellular bacterium, Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) BCG, would alter host immune responses to, or the pathological effect of, either infection. RESULTS We demonstrate that both pathogens are capable of negatively affecting local and systemic immune responses towards each other by modifying cytokine phenotypes and by inducing general immune suppression. T. muris infection influenced non-specific and pathogen-specific immunity to M. bovis BCG by down-regulating pulmonary TH1 and Treg responses and inducing systemic TH2 responses. However, co-infection did not alter mycobacterial multiplication or dissemination and host pulmonary histopathology remained unaffected compared to BCG-only infected mice. Interestingly, prior M. bovis BCG infection significantly delayed helminth clearance and increased intestinal crypt cell proliferation in BALB/c mice. This was accompanied by a significant reduction in systemic helminth-specific TH1 and TH2 cytokine responses and significantly reduced local TH1 and TH2 responses in comparison to T. muris-only infected mice. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that co-infection with pathogens inducing opposing immune phenotypes, can have differential effects on compartmentalized host immune protection to either pathogen. In spite of local and systemic decreases in TH1 and increases in TH2 responses co-infected mice clear M. bovis BCG at the same rate as BCG only infected animals, whereas prior mycobacterial infection initiates prolonged worm infestation in parallel to decreased pathogen-specific TH2 cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik J Nel
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, MRC Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology, NRF/DST Centre of Excellence in Biomedical TB Research, Faculty Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nelita du Plessis
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, MRC Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology, NRF/DST Centre of Excellence in Biomedical TB Research, Faculty Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Leanie Kleynhans
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, MRC Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology, NRF/DST Centre of Excellence in Biomedical TB Research, Faculty Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - André G Loxton
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, MRC Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology, NRF/DST Centre of Excellence in Biomedical TB Research, Faculty Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Paul D van Helden
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, MRC Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology, NRF/DST Centre of Excellence in Biomedical TB Research, Faculty Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Gerhard Walzl
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, MRC Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology, NRF/DST Centre of Excellence in Biomedical TB Research, Faculty Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
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24
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Shen C, Wu XR, Jiao WW, Sun L, Feng WX, Xiao J, Miao Q, Liu F, Yin QQ, Zhang CG, Guo YJ, Shen AD. A functional promoter polymorphism of IFITM3 is associated with susceptibility to pediatric tuberculosis in Han Chinese population. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67816. [PMID: 23874452 PMCID: PMC3706438 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A susceptibility locus for tuberculosis, a re-emerging infectious disease throughout the world, was previously discovered to exist on chromosome 11p15. IFITM3 gene encoding for interferon inducible transmembrane protein 3, is located at 11p15. It acts as an effector molecule for interferon-gamma, which is essential for anti-tuberculosis immune response. In order to investigate the association between susceptibility to TB and genetic polymorphisms of the IFITM3 core promoter, a case-control study including 368 TB patients and 794 healthy controls was performed in Han Chinese children in northern China. The rs3888188 polymorphism showed significant association with susceptibility to TB. The rs3888188 G allele, acting recessively, was more frequent in TB patients (95% confidence interval: 1.08–1.56, Bonferroni P-value: 0.039). We further assessed the effect of rs3888188 polymorphism on IFITM3 transcription in vitro. As based on luciferase promoter assays, the promoter activity of haplotypes with rs3888188 G allele was lower than that of haplotypes with rs3888188 T allele. Moreover, peripheral-blood mononuclear cells carrying rs3888188 GG genotype showed a reduced IFITM3 mRNA level compared to cells carrying TT or GT genotype. In conclusion, rs3888188, a functional promoter polymorphism of IFITM3, was identified to influence the risk for pediatric TB in Han Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Shen
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children and National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xi-rong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children and National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-wei Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children and National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children and National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-xing Feng
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children and National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children and National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Miao
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children and National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children and National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-qin Yin
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children and National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chen-guang Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-jie Guo
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children and National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - A-dong Shen
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children and National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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IFNG polymorphisms are associated with tuberculosis in Han Chinese pediatric female population. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 40:5477-82. [PMID: 23737189 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2647-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Host genetic factors play a major role in determining differential susceptibility to human tuberculosis (TB), a re-emerging infectious disease throughout the world. Genetic variations in the IFNG gene coding for interferon gamma (IFN-γ), have been identified in TB patients. To investigate the association of the IFNG polymorphisms with TB susceptibility in Chinese pediatric population. A case-control study of 189 TB patients and 164 controls was performed using single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis. Genomic DNA was extracted from leukocytes in peripheral blood. Three SNPs of IFNG, including -1616C/T (rs2069705), +874A/T (rs2430561), and +3234C/T (rs2069718), were selected for genotyping and analysis. The +874A and +3234C alleles were more frequent among TB patients (P = 0.108 and P = 0.088), especially in females (both P = 0.029), although this difference was not significant since Bonferroni corrected significance threshold was 0.025 (two of three SNPs were found to be in linkage disequilibrium). More pronounced differences for the +874 and +3234 polymorphisms were found under the genotype comparison between TB cases and controls in the total population [P = 0.026 (borderline non-significance) and P = 0.020, respectively], and in the female subgroup (P = 0.020 and P = 0.020). The dominant model of inheritance was shown to be significant for +874A and +3234C alleles (both P = 0.019) in the female subgroup. The +874A and +3234C alleles were more frequently found in extrapulmonary TB patients than in controls (P = 0.039). Haplotype analysis carried out on these three SNPs showed the TTT haplotype to be more frequent in controls than in TB cases, and this difference showed a strong significance (P = 0.005). The +874A and +3234C alleles may be related to TB susceptibility in the female subgroup in the Chinese pediatric population of North China. The higher rate of +874A (known to correlate with lower IFN-γ expression) in the extrapulmonary TB subgroup suggests a sufficient IFN-γ expression to be not only an important factor for the onset of TB disease but also for limiting its dissemination to lungs.
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Lei X, Zhu H, Zha L, Wang Y. SP110 gene polymorphisms and tuberculosis susceptibility: a systematic review and meta-analysis based on 10 624 subjects. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2012; 12:1473-80. [PMID: 22691368 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2012.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Revised: 05/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is a major challenge to global public health. The SP110 (Speckled 110) gene, which is considered as a host genetic susceptibility to TB, has been widely studied in recent years, yet the results were somewhat contradictory and indeterminate. We systematically searched published literatures on SP110 polymorphisms and tuberculosis risk until January 2012 in relevant databases, selected studies by previously defined criteria, extracted key data and quantitatively summarized associations of the most extensively studied polymorphisms through meta-analysis. A total of 10 624 subjects from seven case-control studies were included in the present study. In overall meta-analysis, pooled odds ratio of polymorphisms rs1135791, rs9061, rs11556887, rs3948464, rs1346311 were 1.01 (95% CI: 0.71-1.44), 0.86 (95% CI: 0.70-1.04), 0.99 (95% CI: 0.67-1.47), 1.29 (CI: 0.89-1.89) and 0.95 (CI: 0.86-1.04) respectively; the summary odds ratio of sensitivity analysis specifically on pulmonary TB were 1.02 (95% CI: 0.65-1.54) for rs1135791, 0.84 (95% CI: 0.68-1.02) for rs9061, 0.88 (95% CI: 0.57-1.36) for rs11556887, 0.94 (95% CI: 0.85-1.04) for rs1346311; and in the ethnicity stratified analysis, the estimated odds ratio were 0.97 (95% CI: 0.54-1.73) for rs1135791 and 0.86 (95% CI: 0.70-1.04) for rs9061 among Asians. None of the target polymorphisms in SP110 gene observed in the present quantitative synthesis was detected to be significantly associated with TB susceptibility. Given the moderate strength of the results, the complexities of pulmonary and extra-pulmonary host genetic polymorphisms, gene-gene and gene-environment interactions, and the cross-species difference between human and mice, it would not be robust to remark that SP110 has no role in TB progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Lei
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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Finlay EK, Berry DP, Wickham B, Gormley EP, Bradley DG. A genome wide association scan of bovine tuberculosis susceptibility in Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30545. [PMID: 22355315 PMCID: PMC3280253 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bovine tuberculosis is a significant veterinary and financial problem in many parts of the world. Although many factors influence infection and progression of the disease, there is a host genetic component and dissection of this may enlighten on the wider biology of host response to tuberculosis. However, a binary phenotype of presence/absence of infection presents a noisy signal for genomewide association study. Methodology/Principal Findings We calculated a composite phenotype of genetic merit for TB susceptibility based on disease incidence in daughters of elite sires used for artificial insemination in the Irish dairy herd. This robust measure was compared with 44,426 SNP genotypes in the most informative 307 subjects in a genome wide association analysis. Three SNPs in a 65 kb genomic region on BTA 22 were associated (i.e. p<10−5, peaking at position 59588069, p = 4.02×10−6) with tuberculosis susceptibility. Conclusions/Significance A genomic region on BTA 22 was suggestively associated with tuberculosis susceptibility; it contains the taurine transporter gene SLC6A6, or TauT, which is known to function in the immune system but has not previously been investigated for its role in tuberculosis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma K. Finlay
- Department of Genetics, Smurfit Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Donagh P. Berry
- Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland
| | - Brian Wickham
- Irish Cattle Breeding Federation, Shinagh House, Bandon, County Cork, Ireland
| | - Eamonn P. Gormley
- School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Sciences Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Daniel G. Bradley
- Department of Genetics, Smurfit Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- * E-mail:
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Horne DJ, Randhawa AK, Chau TTH, Bang ND, Yen NTB, Farrar JJ, Dunstan SJ, Hawn TR. Common polymorphisms in the PKP3-SIGIRR-TMEM16J gene region are associated with susceptibility to tuberculosis. J Infect Dis 2012; 205:586-94. [PMID: 22223854 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jir785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis has been associated with genetic variation in host immunity. We hypothesized that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in SIGIRR, a negative regulator of Toll-like receptor/IL-1R signaling, are associated with susceptibility to tuberculosis. METHODS We used a case-population study design in Vietnam with cases that had either tuberculous meningitis or pulmonary tuberculosis. We genotyped 6 SNPs in the SIGIRR gene region (including the adjacent genes PKP3 and TMEM16J) in a discovery cohort of 352 patients with tuberculosis and 382 controls. Significant associations were genotyped in a validation cohort (339 patients with tuberculosis, 376 controls). RESULTS Three SNPs (rs10902158, rs7105848, rs7111432) were associated with tuberculosis in discovery and validation cohorts. The polymorphisms were associated with both tuberculous meningitis and pulmonary tuberculosis and were strongest with a recessive genetic model (odds ratios, 1.5-1.6; P = .0006-.001). Coinheritance of these polymorphisms with previously identified risk alleles in Toll-like receptor 2 and TIRAP was associated with an additive risk of tuberculosis susceptibility. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate a strong association of SNPs in the PKP3-SIGIRR-TMEM16J gene region and tuberculosis in discovery and validation cohorts. To our knowledge, these are the first associations of polymorphisms in this region with any disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Horne
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Mokrousov I, Wu XR, Vyazovaya A, Feng WX, Sun L, Xiao J, Miao Q, Jiao WW, Shen A. Polymorphism of 3'UTR region of TNFR2 coding gene and its role in clinical tuberculosis in Han Chinese pediatric population. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2011; 11:1312-8. [PMID: 21554999 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2011.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2011] [Revised: 04/20/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Genetic factors of human susceptibility to tuberculosis (TB) are multiple and their effect may be ethnic- and age-dependent. TNFR2 encoded by the TNFRSF1B gene is one of the important TNF-α receptors; its polymorphisms were previously suggested as potential markers of host susceptibility to TB. Here, genotyping of three SNPs in TNFRSF1B 3'UTR (rs1061624, rs5030792, rs3397) was performed in Han Chinese pediatric population (229 TB patients and 233 control subjects). rs5030792 was found homozygous (TT genotype) in all studied individuals. The rs3397-T allele was almost equally represented in both gender groups in this study; in particular, it was detected in 33.9% and 35.2% in female cases and controls, respectively (P=0.8). This latter result differs strikingly from an African study where rs3397-T was found in only 12.8 and 16.2% of Ghanaian female cases and controls, respectively (P=0.007 [Möller et al., 2010. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care. Med. 181, 388-393]). In contrast, rs1061624-A allele, acting recessively, was found to be a possible risk factor for clinical TB in females (P=0.03). The rs1061624 heterozygotes were overdominant in controls versus patients (P=0.015) that warrants further study of their hypothetical advantage in TB. Neither of the common haplotypes was associated with susceptibility to TB. Compared to the published contrasting data on African (7-15%) and European (57%) populations, GTT haplotype was found in an intermediate frequency (26%). Further studies on both adult and pediatric populations in ethnically diverse settings are needed to elucidate the functionality of these 3'UTR SNPs of the TNFR2 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Mokrousov
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children and National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100045, China.
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Boisson-Dupuis S, El Baghdadi J, Parvaneh N, Bousfiha A, Bustamante J, Feinberg J, Samarina A, Grant AV, Janniere L, El Hafidi N, Hassani A, Nolan D, Najib J, Camcioglu Y, Hatipoglu N, Aydogmus C, Tanir G, Aytekin C, Keser M, Somer A, Aksu G, Kutukculer N, Mansouri D, Mahdaviani A, Mamishi S, Alcais A, Abel L, Casanova JL. IL-12Rβ1 deficiency in two of fifty children with severe tuberculosis from Iran, Morocco, and Turkey. PLoS One 2011; 6:e18524. [PMID: 21533230 PMCID: PMC3076373 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 03/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES In the last decade, autosomal recessive IL-12Rβ1 deficiency has been diagnosed in four children with severe tuberculosis from three unrelated families from Morocco, Spain, and Turkey, providing proof-of-principle that tuberculosis in otherwise healthy children may result from single-gene inborn errors of immunity. We aimed to estimate the fraction of children developing severe tuberculosis due to IL-12Rβ1 deficiency in areas endemic for tuberculosis and where parental consanguinity is common. METHODS AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We searched for IL12RB1 mutations in a series of 50 children from Iran, Morocco, and Turkey. All children had established severe pulmonary and/or disseminated tuberculosis requiring hospitalization and were otherwise normally resistant to weakly virulent BCG vaccines and environmental mycobacteria. In one child from Iran and another from Morocco, homozygosity for loss-of-function IL12RB1 alleles was documented, resulting in complete IL-12Rβ1 deficiency. Despite the small sample studied, our findings suggest that IL-12Rβ1 deficiency is not a very rare cause of pediatric tuberculosis in these countries, where it should be considered in selected children with severe disease. SIGNIFICANCE This finding may have important medical implications, as recombinant IFN-γ is an effective treatment for mycobacterial infections in IL-12Rβ1-deficient patients. It also provides additional support for the view that severe tuberculosis in childhood may result from a collection of single-gene inborn errors of immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Boisson-Dupuis
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, U980, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France
- Necker Medical School, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | | | - Nima Parvaneh
- Department of Pediatrics, Infectious Disease Research Center, Teheran University of Medical Sciences, Teheran, Iran
| | - Aziz Bousfiha
- Clinical Immunology Unit, King Hassan II University, Ibn-Rochd Hospital, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Jacinta Bustamante
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, U980, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France
- Necker Medical School, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Jacqueline Feinberg
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, U980, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France
- Necker Medical School, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Arina Samarina
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, U980, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France
- Necker Medical School, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Audrey V. Grant
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, U980, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France
- Necker Medical School, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Lucile Janniere
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, U980, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France
- Necker Medical School, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Naima El Hafidi
- Department of Pediatrics, Rabat Children Hospital, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Amal Hassani
- Department of Pediatrics, Military Hospital Mohamed V, Hay Riad Rabat, Morocco
| | - Daniel Nolan
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, U980, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France
- Necker Medical School, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Jilali Najib
- Clinical Immunology Unit, King Hassan II University, Ibn-Rochd Hospital, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Yildiz Camcioglu
- Infectious Diseases, Clinical Immunology and Allergy Division, Department of Pediatrics, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nevin Hatipoglu
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Bakirkoy Maternity and Children's State Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cigdem Aydogmus
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Bakirkoy Maternity and Children's State Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gonul Tanir
- Dr. Sami Ulus Children's Health and Diseases Training and Research Center, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Caner Aytekin
- Dr. Sami Ulus Children's Health and Diseases Training and Research Center, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Melike Keser
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Clinical Immunology, Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayper Somer
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Clinical Immunology, Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Guside Aksu
- Department of Pediatrics, Ege University Medical School, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Necil Kutukculer
- Department of Pediatrics, Ege University Medical School, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Davood Mansouri
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Teheran, Iran
| | - Alireza Mahdaviani
- Pediatric Respiratory Disease Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Teheran, Iran
| | - Setareh Mamishi
- Department of Pediatrics, Infectious Disease Research Center, Teheran University of Medical Sciences, Teheran, Iran
| | - Alexandre Alcais
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, U980, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France
- Necker Medical School, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Abel
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, U980, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France
- Necker Medical School, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, U980, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France
- Necker Medical School, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Pediatric Immunology-Hematology Unit, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
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Association of SP110 gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to tuberculosis in a Chinese population. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2011; 11:934-9. [PMID: 21397050 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2011.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Revised: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Development of tuberculosis is mediated by both environmental and genetic factors. The Ipr1 (intracellular pathogen resistance-1) gene has been identified at the sst1 (super-susceptibility to tuberculosis 1) locus on mouse chromosome 1. As Ipr1 plays a major role in mediating innate immunity in a mouse model of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, the human Ipr1 homologue, SP110 is a recognised candidate gene for control M. tuberculosis infection. This study was designed to investigate sequence variants of the SP110 gene in Chinese and test whether the SP110 gene is a susceptibility factor for tuberculosis. In a sample of 308 smear-positive patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and 628 exposed, apparently healthy controls, we have genotyped 6 SP110 gene variants that were either available from public databases, including HapMap data, or identified by DNA re-sequencing. DNA re-sequencing revealed 7 novel SP110 variants in the 5'-UTR and intronic regions. Two of SP110 SNPs, rs11556887 and rs1135971 were significantly associated with disease. Analysis of the haplotypes revealed two haplotypes are significantly associated with TB. Other variants of SP110 in this case-control approach could not find any significant differences. Our study demonstrates that genotypes and haplotypes of SP110 might be associated with susceptibility to tuberculosis in Chinese population.
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Ahmad S. New approaches in the diagnosis and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection. Respir Res 2010; 11:169. [PMID: 21126375 PMCID: PMC3004849 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-11-169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 12/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
With nearly 9 million new active disease cases and 2 million deaths occurring worldwide every year, tuberculosis continues to remain a major public health problem. Exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis leads to active disease in only ~10% people. An effective immune response in remaining individuals stops M. tuberculosis multiplication. However, the pathogen is completely eradicated in ~10% people while others only succeed in containment of infection as some bacilli escape killing and remain in non-replicating (dormant) state (latent tuberculosis infection) in old lesions. The dormant bacilli can resuscitate and cause active disease if a disruption of immune response occurs. Nearly one-third of world population is latently infected with M. tuberculosis and 5%-10% of infected individuals will develop active disease during their life time. However, the risk of developing active disease is greatly increased (5%-15% every year and ~50% over lifetime) by human immunodeficiency virus-coinfection. While active transmission is a significant contributor of active disease cases in high tuberculosis burden countries, most active disease cases in low tuberculosis incidence countries arise from this pool of latently infected individuals. A positive tuberculin skin test or a more recent and specific interferon-gamma release assay in a person without overt signs of active disease indicates latent tuberculosis infection. Two commercial interferon-gamma release assays, QFT-G-IT and T-SPOT.TB have been developed. The standard treatment for latent tuberculosis infection is daily therapy with isoniazid for nine months. Other options include therapy with rifampicin for 4 months or isoniazid + rifampicin for 3 months or rifampicin + pyrazinamide for 2 months or isoniazid + rifapentine for 3 months. Identification of latently infected individuals and their treatment has lowered tuberculosis incidence in rich, advanced countries. Similar approaches also hold great promise for other countries with low-intermediate rates of tuberculosis incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhail Ahmad
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait.
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Lian Y, Yue J, Han M, Liu J, Liu L. Analysis of the association between BTNL2 polymorphism and tuberculosis in Chinese Han population. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2010; 10:517-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2010.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2009] [Revised: 02/09/2010] [Accepted: 02/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Valcheva V, Mokrousov I, Panaiotov S, Bachiiska E, Zozio T, Sola C, Markova N, Rastogi N. Bulgarian specificity and controversial phylogeography of Mycobacterium tuberculosis spoligotype ST 125__BGR. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 59:90-9. [PMID: 20402768 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2010.00667.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The local specificity of bacterial clones may be explained by long-term presence or recent importation/fast dissemination in an area. Mycobacterium tuberculosis spoligotype ST125, noticeably prevalent among Bulgaria-specific spoligotypes, has a characteristically 'abridged' profile and an uncertain clade position [Latin-American-Mediterranean (LAM)/S]. A comparison with the SITVIT2 database (Institut Pasteur de Guadeloupe) demonstrated its high gradient in Bulgaria (14.3%) compared with the negligible presence in the rest of the world. Further typing of all available Bulgarian ST125 strains revealed that they: (i) monophyletically clustered in 21-mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units (MIRU)-loci tree of all Bulgarian strains; (ii) grouped closely with the ST34 spoligotype, a prototype of the S family; and (iii) did not harbor a LAM-specific IS6110 insertion. Comparison of the 21-MIRU-based network with geographic data revealed a complex dissemination pattern of ST125 in Bulgaria. Interestingly, this variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) network remarkably corroborated with a recent hypothesis of single repeat loss as the primary mode of evolution of VNTR loci in M. tuberculosis. In conclusion, M. tuberculosis spoligotype ST125 is phylogeographically specific for Bulgaria. This spoligotype was not associated with drug resistance or increased transmissibility; its prevalence in Bulgaria can rather be attributed to the historical circulation in the country, having led, speculatively, to adaptation to the local human population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Valcheva
- Unité de la Tuberculose et des Mycobactéries, Institut Pasteur de Guadeloupe, Guadeloupe, France
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Abstract
Gene-environment interactions are the indisputable cause of most respiratory diseases. However, we still have very limited understanding of the mechanisms that guide these interactions. Although the conceptual approaches to environmental genomics were established several decades ago, the tools are only now available to better define the mechanisms that underlie the interactions among these important etiological features of lung disease. In this article, we summarize recent insights in the environmental genomics (ecogenomics) of common nonmalignant respiratory diseases (asthma, COPD, pulmonary fibrosis, and respiratory infections), describe the framework of gene-environment interactions that inform the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases, and propose future research directions that will help translate scientific advances into public health gains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavros Garantziotis
- Clinical Research Program and Laboratory of Respiratory Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - David A. Schwartz
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Center for Genes, Environment, and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado 80206
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Dissanayeke SR, Levin S, Pienaar S, Wood K, Eley B, Beatty D, Henderson H, Anderson S, Levin M. Polymorphic variation in TIRAP is not associated with susceptibility to childhood TB but may determine susceptibility to TBM in some ethnic groups. PLoS One 2009; 4:e6698. [PMID: 19693265 PMCID: PMC2724706 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2009] [Accepted: 07/20/2009] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Host recognition of mycobacterial surface molecules occurs through toll like receptors (TLR) 2 and 6. The adaptor protein TIRAP mediates down stream signalling of TLR2 and 4, and polymorphisms in the TIRAP gene (TIRAP) have been associated with susceptibility and resistance to tuberculosis (TB) in adults. In order to investigate the role of polymorphic variation in TIRAP in childhood TB in South Africa, which has one of the highest TB incidence rates in the world, we screened the entire open reading frame of TIRAP for sequence variation in two cohorts of childhood TB from different ethnic groups (Xhosa and mixed ancestry). We identified 13 SNPs, including seven previously unreported, in the two cohorts, and found significant differences in frequency of the variants between the two ethnic groups. No differences in frequency between individual SNPs or combinations were found between TB cases and controls in either cohort. However the 558C→T SNP previously associated with TB meningitis (TBM) in a Vietnamese population was found to be associated with TBM in the mixed ancestry group. Polymorphisms in TIRAP do not appear to be involved in childhood TB susceptibility in South Africa, but may play a role in determining occurrence of TBM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samuel Levin
- Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra Pienaar
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Red Cross Children's Hospital, School of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kathryn Wood
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Brian Eley
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Red Cross Children's Hospital, School of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - David Beatty
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Red Cross Children's Hospital, School of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Howard Henderson
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Red Cross Children's Hospital, School of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Suzanne Anderson
- Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Levin
- Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Thye T, Browne EN, Chinbuah MA, Gyapong J, Osei I, Owusu-Dabo E, Brattig NW, Niemann S, Rüsch-Gerdes S, Horstmann RD, Meyer CG. IL10 haplotype associated with tuberculin skin test response but not with pulmonary TB. PLoS One 2009; 4:e5420. [PMID: 19412539 PMCID: PMC2671601 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2009] [Accepted: 03/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence from genetic association and twin studies indicates that susceptibility to tuberculosis (TB) is under genetic control. One gene implicated in susceptibility to TB is that encoding interleukin-10 (IL10). In a group of 2010 Ghanaian patients with pulmonary TB and 2346 healthy controls exposed to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, among them 129 individuals lacking a tuberculin skin test (PPD) response, we genotyped four IL10 promoter variants at positions -2849 , -1082 , -819 , and -592 and reconstructed the haplotypes. The IL10 low-producer haplotype -2849A/-1082A/-819C/-592C, compared to the high-producer haplotype -2849G/-1082G/-819C/-592C, occurred less frequent among PPD-negative controls than among cases (OR 2.15, CI 1.3-3.6) and PPD-positive controls (OR 2.09, CI 1.2-3.5). Lower IL-10 plasma levels in homozygous -2849A/-1082A/-819C/-592C carriers, compared to homozygous -2849G/-1082G/-819C/-592C carriers, were confirmed by a IL-10 ELISA (p = 0.016). Although we did not observe differences between the TB patients and all controls, our results provide evidence that a group of individuals exposed to M. tuberculosis transmission is genetically distinct from healthy PPD positives and TB cases. In these PPD-negative individuals, higher IL-10 production appears to reflect IL-10-dependent suppression of adaptive immune responses and sustained long-term specific anergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Thye
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine, Hamburg, Germany.
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Abstract
Lung Cancer and Pulmonary Tuberculosis - A Comparative Population-Genetic StudySeveral host genes proven to contribute to active tuberculosis (TB) and some of the localized major susceptibility loci, which influence lung cancer (LC) risk, are of considerable scientific interest, but do not confer high enough risk to be clinically relevant. Assuming that these diseases are genetically controlled, we hypothesized that retreat from optimal homozygosity level, as well as a changed variability among the patients, could be the populationgenetic parameter for prediction of illness. We performed a homozygous-recessive-characters (HRCs) test based analysis of the presence, distribution and individual combination of 23 selected genetically-controlled morpho-physiological traits in groups of LC patients, patients with pulmonary TB and healthy control subjects. This study showed: i) a statistically significant difference of the middle values of genetic homozygosity between both patients groups and the control group, ii) differences in the type of distribution, and iii) differences in the presence of certain individual combinations of such traits. The frequency of blood group O was significantly decreased in the TB group compared to the general population. According to their population-genetic structure, LC patients, TB patients and healthy controls represent three different groups. The retreat from optimal homozygosity level towards decrease that we found in both LC and TB patients support the influence of a dominant factor in development of these diseases.
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Newton SM, Brent AJ, Anderson S, Whittaker E, Kampmann B. Paediatric tuberculosis. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2008; 8:498-510. [PMID: 18652996 PMCID: PMC2804291 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(08)70182-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis continues to cause an unacceptably high toll of disease and death among children worldwide, particularly in the wake of the HIV epidemic. Increased international travel and immigration have led to a rise in childhood tuberculosis rates even in traditionally low burden, industrialised settings, and threaten to promote the emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant strains. Whereas intense scientific and clinical research efforts into novel diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventive interventions have focused on tuberculosis in adults, childhood tuberculosis has been relatively neglected. However, children are particularly vulnerable to severe disease and death following infection, and those with latent infection become the reservoir for future transmission following disease reactivation in adulthood, fuelling future epidemics. Further research into the epidemiology, immune mechanisms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of childhood tuberculosis is urgently needed. Advances in our understanding of tuberculosis in children would provide insights and opportunities to enhance efforts to control this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M Newton
- Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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Magdorf K, Detjen AK. Proposed management of childhood tuberculosis in low-incidence countries. Eur J Pediatr 2008; 167:927-38. [PMID: 18470534 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-008-0730-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2007] [Revised: 03/04/2008] [Accepted: 03/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of childhood tuberculosis continues to decline in central Europe, but due to migration from high incidence countries paediatricians will still be confronted with it. The management of childhood tuberculosis in low-incidence, high-income countries differs from most high-incidence countries. The primary measures for preventing the transmission of tuberculosis to children are the detection of adult source cases, detection of latent TB infection (LTBI) in children by history, tuberculin skin testing and, if necessary and recommended, interferon-gamma release assays. Children with LTBI should receive preventive therapy. The inclusion of tuberculosis in the differential diagnosis of unclear pulmonary and extrapulmonary disease remains important, and tuberculosis has to be managed according to international standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Magdorf
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy, Chest Clinic Heckeshorn, Helios Klinikum Emil von Behring, Charité, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200, Berlin, Germany.
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Austin CM, Ma X, Graviss EA. Common nonsynonymous polymorphisms in the NOD2 gene are associated with resistance or susceptibility to tuberculosis disease in African Americans. J Infect Dis 2008; 197:1713-6. [PMID: 18419343 DOI: 10.1086/588384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) play a key role in innate immunity against intracellular bacteria. NOD2 is one of the PRRs that contribute to the immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. We sequenced coding regions of the NOD2 gene in 377 African Americans with tuberculosis (TB) disease and 187 ethnically matched control subjects. Three common nonsynonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms--Pro268Ser, Arg702Trp, and Ala725Gly--demonstrated significant associations with TB disease. This finding may contribute to the future development of immunotherapy and immunoprophylaxis for TB disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celest M Austin
- Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Saggese MD, Tizard I, Phalen DN. Mycobacteriosis in naturally infected ring-neck doves (Streptopelia risoria): investigation of the association between feather colour and susceptibility to infection, disease and lesions type. Avian Pathol 2008; 37:443-50. [DOI: 10.1080/03079450802210655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Mokrousov I, Sapozhnikova N, Narvskaya O. Mycobacterium tuberculosis co-existence with humans: making an imprint on the macrophage P2X(7) receptor gene? J Med Microbiol 2008; 57:581-584. [PMID: 18436590 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.47455-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of tuberculosis (TB) infection in humans depends on the mycobacterial strain and the human host, and is multigenically controlled in both. ATP ligation of P2X(7) receptors expressed on human macrophages infected with mycobacteria induces cell death and subsequent loss of intracellular bacterial viability. This study analysed the allelic distribution of two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the P2RX7 gene in the Slavic population of the St Petersburg area of Russia. Analysis of the -762 C/T P2RX7 promoter SNP revealed no significant association between pulmonary TB patients and control subjects (3x2 chi(2)=3.2, 1 d.f., P=0.2). The -762C allele was highly and almost equally represented in both groups in this study (68.2 % in patients and 69.3 % in controls). This result differs strikingly from a Gambian study where this allele was found in only 7 and 12 % of pulmonary TB patients and controls, respectively [Li, C. M., Campbell, S. J., Kumararatne, D. S., Bellamy, R., Ruwende, C., McAdam, K. P. W. J., Hill, A. V. S. & Lammas, D. A. (2002). J Infect Dis 186, 1458-1462]. In contrast, the frequency of the C allele at position 1513 in exon 13, resulting in a loss of P2X(7) function, was significantly higher among pulmonary TB patients in this study (P=0.02). Thus, analysis of the P2X(7) receptor gene in the Russian Slavic population showed that the 1513C allele, acting dominantly, is a possible risk factor for clinical TB, whereas the -762 P2RX7 polymorphism did not appear to be associated with human susceptibility to TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Mokrousov
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, St Petersburg Pasteur Institute, St Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | | | - Olga Narvskaya
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, St Petersburg Pasteur Institute, St Petersburg 197101, Russia
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Effect of multiple genetic polymorphisms on antigen presentation and susceptibility to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Infect Immun 2008; 76:3221-32. [PMID: 18443099 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01677-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Several molecules related to antigen presentation, including gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), are encoded by polymorphic genes. Some polymorphisms were found to affect susceptibility to tuberculosis (TB) when they were considered singly in epidemiological studies, but how multiple polymorphisms interact to determine susceptibility to TB in an individual remains an open question. We hypothesized that polymorphisms in some genes may counteract or intensify the effects of polymorphisms in other genes. For example, an increase in IFN-gamma expression may counteract the weak binding that a particular MHC variant displays for a peptide from Mycobacterium tuberculosis to establish the same T-cell response as another, more strongly binding MHC variant. To test this hypothesis, we developed a mathematical model of antigen presentation based on experimental data for the known effects of genetic polymorphisms and simulated time courses when multiple polymorphisms were present. We found that polymorphisms in different genes could affect antigen presentation to the same extent and therefore compensate for each other. Furthermore, we defined the conditions under which such relationships could exist. For example, increased IFN-gamma expression compensated for decreased peptide-MHC affinity in the model only above a certain threshold of expression. Below this threshold, changes in IFN-gamma expression were ineffectual compared to changes in peptide-MHC affinity. The finding that polymorphisms exhibit such relationships could explain discrepancies in the epidemiological literature, where some polymorphisms have been inconsistently associated with susceptibility to TB. Furthermore, the model allows polymorphisms to be ranked by effect, providing a new tool for designing association studies.
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Hwang JH, Kim EJ, Kim SY, Lee SH, Suh GY, Kwon OJ, Ji Y, Kang M, Kim DH, Koh WJ. Polymorphisms of interferon-gamma and interferon-gamma receptor 1 genes and pulmonary tuberculosis in Koreans. Respirology 2007; 12:906-10. [PMID: 17986123 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2007.01171.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Many genetic variations are thought to be risk factors for the development of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). The association of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and IFN-gamma receptor 1 (IFN-gammaR1) gene polymorphisms with pulmonary TB is controversial. This study examined the association between IFN-gamma and IFN-gammaR1 gene polymorphisms and pulmonary TB among Koreans. METHODS Eighty patients with culture-confirmed pulmonary TB and 80 controls were studied. Polymorphisms of the IFN-gamma gene at position +874 were determined using the amplification refractory mutation system PCR assay, and the IFN-gammaR1 gene was genotyped at positions -611, -270, -56 and +95 employing matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry using genomic DNA. RESULTS The genotype and allele frequencies of the IFN-gamma and IFN-gammaR1 gene polymorphisms did not differ significantly between the patients with pulmonary TB and controls. CONCLUSIONS The IFN-gamma and IFN-gammaR1 gene polymorphisms do not appear to be responsible for host susceptibility to pulmonary TB in the Korean population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hye Hwang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Centre, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seooul, Korea
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van der Eijk EA, van de Vosse E, Vandenbroucke JP, van Dissel JT. Heredity versus environment in tuberculosis in twins: the 1950s United Kingdom Prophit Survey Simonds and Comstock revisited. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007; 176:1281-8. [PMID: 17823356 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200703-435oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE In his 1978 article on tuberculosis (TB) in twins, Comstock concluded that the 2.5-fold higher concordance rate for TB among monozygotic versus dizygotic twins in the Prophit survey of the 1950s implicated inherited susceptibility as a major risk factor for TB in humans. His analysis did not take into account strong imbalance of variables within subgroups, underestimating possible confounding effects of environmental factors. OBJECTIVES To reconsider the role of environmental versus hereditary factors in determining the concordance rate of TB among twin pairs. METHODS Reanalysis of the Prophit Survey. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS A known Mycobacterium tuberculosis-positive or M. tuberculosis-negative sputum in the index TB case markedly influenced the odds ratio (OR) of concordance in the twin pairs. In 87 pairs with co-twins exposed to a sputum-negative index case, monozygotic and dizygotic twins did not differ in concordance for TB (OR, 1.1; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.4-2.8). A higher concordance rate for TB among monozygotic versus dizygotic twins was confined to 106 pairs with the co-twins exposed to a sputum-positive index case (OR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.6-7.2), and was highest in adolescent twins living together. ORs of TB concordance were proportional to intensity of exposure (sputum smear positivity, physical proximity between twin pairs, contagiousness of disease, and living together) rather than to zygosity. CONCLUSIONS In the Prophit survey of susceptibility to TB among twins, environmental factors (i.e., intensity of exposure to tubercle bacilli) outweigh the importance of hereditary factors. Environmental factors and the context of transmission should be given more emphasis when studying interindividual and population differences in susceptibility to infectious diseases such as TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen A van der Eijk
- Department of Infectious Diseases, C5-P, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
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Gómez LM, Sánchez E, Ruiz-Narvaez EA, López-Nevot MA, Anaya JM, Martín J. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor gene influences the risk of developing tuberculosis in northwestern Colombian population. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 70:28-33. [PMID: 17559578 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2007.00843.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pleiotropic cytokine that regulates innate and adaptative immunity responses against pathogens. The MIF gene, at 22q11.2, is polymorphic. Functional promoter variants in the MIF gene influence susceptibility to inflammatory diseases in Caucasians and Africans. An association study was carried out to examine the influence of MIF-173 single nucleotide polymorphism and the MIF-794 microsatellite on the susceptibility to develop human tuberculosis (TB) in a well-defined Latin-American population. To this purpose, 230 northwestern Colombian patients with pulmonary TB, negative for human immunodeficiency virus infection, and 235 matched healthy individuals stratified by the tuberculin skin test were examined. Multivariate analysis showed that MIF-173C allele was associated with disease (odds ratio = 1.64, 95% confidence interval 1.07-2.52) in a dominant pattern. No allele in the MIF-794 CATT microsatellite was associated with risk of TB. These results indicate that MIF gene influences the risk of developing TB in the studied population.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Gómez
- Cellular Biology and Immunogenetics Unit, Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB), Medellín, Colombia, and Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina Lopez-Neyra, CSIC, Grenada, Spain
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Gagneux S, Small PM. Global phylogeography of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and implications for tuberculosis product development. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2007; 7:328-37. [PMID: 17448936 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(07)70108-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 509] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
New tools for controlling tuberculosis are urgently needed. Despite our emerging understanding of the biogeography of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the implications for development of new diagnostics, drugs, and vaccines is unknown. M tuberculosis has a clonal genetic population structure that is geographically constrained. Evidence suggests strain-specific differences in virulence and immunogenicity in light of this global phylogeography. We propose a strain selection framework, based on robust phylogenetic markers, which will allow for systematic and comprehensive evaluation of new tools for tuberculosis control.
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Abstract
Host genetic factors play a major role in determining differential susceptibility to major infectious diseases of humans, such as malaria, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and invasive pneumococcal disease. Progress in identifying the relevant genetic loci has come from a variety of approaches. Most convincing associations have been identified by case-control studies assessing biologically plausible candidate genes. All six of the genes that have a major effect on infectious disease susceptibility in humans have been identified in this way. However, recently genome-wide linkage analysis of affected sibling pairs has identified susceptibility loci for chronic infections such as leprosy and chronic hepatitis B virus persistence. Other approaches used successfully have included assessment in humans of the homologues of susceptibility genes mapped and identified in murine models. However, the great majority of susceptibility loci remain to be identified and the advent of large-scale genome-wide association scans offers a new approach to defining many of these.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian V S Hill
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom.
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50
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Hawn TR, Dunstan SJ, Thwaites GE, Simmons CP, Thuong NT, Lan NTN, Quy HT, Chau TTH, Hieu NT, Rodrigues S, Janer M, Zhao LP, Hien TT, Farrar JJ, Aderem A. A polymorphism in Toll-interleukin 1 receptor domain containing adaptor protein is associated with susceptibility to meningeal tuberculosis. J Infect Dis 2006; 194:1127-1134. [PMID: 16991088 PMCID: PMC4333200 DOI: 10.1086/507907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2006] [Accepted: 06/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although meningitis is the most severe form of infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the immunopathogenesis of this disease is poorly understood. We tested the hypothesis that polymorphisms in Toll-interleukin 1 receptor domain containing adaptor protein (TIRAP), an adaptor protein that mediates signals from Toll-like receptors activated by mycobacteria, are associated with susceptibility to tuberculosis (TB). METHODS We used a case-population study design in Vietnam with cord-blood control samples (n = 392) and case patients (n = 358) who had either pulmonary (n = 183) or meningeal (n = 175) TB. RESULTS The TIRAP single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) C558T was associated with increased susceptibility to TB, with a 558T allele frequency of 0.035 in control samples versus 0.074 in case patients (odds ratio [OR], 2.25; P < .001). Subgroup analysis revealed that SNP 558T was more strongly associated with susceptibility to meningeal TB (OR, 3.02; P < .001) than to pulmonary TB (OR, 1.55; P = .22). In comparison to the 558CC genotype, the 558TT genotype was associated with decreased whole-blood interleukin-6 production, which suggests that TIRAP influences disease susceptibility by modulating the inflammatory response. CONCLUSIONS These results provide the first evidence of an association of a TIRAP SNP with the risk of any disease and also suggest that the Toll-like receptor pathway influences susceptibility to meningeal and pulmonary TB by different immune mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R. Hawn
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington
| | - Sarah J. Dunstan
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Center for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford
| | | | - Cameron P. Simmons
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Center for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford
| | - Nguyen Thuong Thuong
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Pham Ngoc Thach Hospital for Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - Hoang Thi Quy
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tran Thi Hong Chau
- Pham Ngoc Thach Hospital for Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | | | - Marta Janer
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington
| | - Lue Ping Zhao
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
- Enodar BioLogic Corporation, Seattle, Washington
| | - Tran Tinh Hien
- Pham Ngoc Thach Hospital for Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Jeremy J. Farrar
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Center for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford
- The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Aderem
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington
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