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Castro-Pérez E, Singh M, Sadangi S, Mela-Sánchez C, Setaluri V. Connecting the dots: Melanoma cell of origin, tumor cell plasticity, trans-differentiation, and drug resistance. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2023; 36:330-347. [PMID: 37132530 PMCID: PMC10524512 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.13092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma, a lethal malignancy that arises from melanocytes, exhibits a multiplicity of clinico-pathologically distinct subtypes in sun-exposed and non-sun-exposed areas. Melanocytes are derived from multipotent neural crest cells and are present in diverse anatomical locations, including skin, eyes, and various mucosal membranes. Tissue-resident melanocyte stem cells and melanocyte precursors contribute to melanocyte renewal. Elegant studies using mouse genetic models have shown that melanoma can arise from either melanocyte stem cells or differentiated pigment-producing melanocytes depending on a combination of tissue and anatomical site of origin and activation of oncogenic mutations (or overexpression) and/or the repression in expression or inactivating mutations in tumor suppressors. This variation raises the possibility that different subtypes of human melanomas (even subsets within each subtype) may also be a manifestation of malignancies of distinct cells of origin. Melanoma is known to exhibit phenotypic plasticity and trans-differentiation (defined as a tendency to differentiate into cell lineages other than the original lineage from which the tumor arose) along vascular and neural lineages. Additionally, stem cell-like properties such as pseudo-epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT-like) transition and expression of stem cell-related genes have also been associated with the development of melanoma drug resistance. Recent studies that employed reprogramming melanoma cells to induced pluripotent stem cells have uncovered potential relationships between melanoma plasticity, trans-differentiation, and drug resistance and implications for cell or origin of human cutaneous melanoma. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the current state of knowledge on melanoma cell of origin and the relationship between tumor cell plasticity and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgardo Castro-Pérez
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology of Diseases, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT-AIP), City of Knowledge, Panama City, Panama
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of Panama, Panama City, Panama
| | - Mithalesh Singh
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, U.S.A
| | - Shreyans Sadangi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, U.S.A
| | - Carmen Mela-Sánchez
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of Panama, Panama City, Panama
| | - Vijayasaradhi Setaluri
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, U.S.A
- William S. Middleton VA Hospital, Madison, WI, U.S.A
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2
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Tambat N, Tambe P, Shaikh A, Shiekh KN, Köhler LHF, Schobert R, Biersack B, Ahmed K. Targeting Colon Cancer Cells with Pyrazino-Imidazolinone Derivatives: Synthesis, Molecular Docking, and in Vitro Evaluation of Anti-Proliferative and Pro-Apoptotic Activities. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202300149. [PMID: 37306072 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, molecular docking and biological evaluation of nine pyrazino-imidazolinone derivatives. These derivatives were evaluated for their anticancer activity against three cancer cell lines: 518A2 melanoma, HCT-116, and HCT-116 p53 knockout mutant colon carcinoma. The MTT assay was employed to assess their effectiveness. Among the nine compounds tested, four compounds (5 a, 5 d, 5 g, and 5 h) exhibited promising antiproliferative activity specifically against HCT-116 p53-negative cells (IC50 0.23, 0.20, 2.07 and 58.75 μM, respectively). Interestingly, treatment with the 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl derivative 5a resulted in a significant increase (199 %) in caspase activity in HCT-116 p53-negative cells compared to untreated cells while the bromo-pyrazine derivative 5d demonstrated (190 %) increase. These findings suggest that compounds 5a and 5 d induce p53-independent apoptotic cell death. Additionally, in silico molecular docking studies with EGFR and tyrosinase proteins indicated that compounds 5 d and 5 e have the potential to bind to important anticancer drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazia Tambat
- Advanced Scientific Research Laboratory (ASR-Lab.), Department of Chemistry, MCE Society's, Abeda Inamdar Senior College, Azam Campus, Pune, 411001, India
| | - Pranav Tambe
- Advanced Scientific Research Laboratory (ASR-Lab.), Department of Chemistry, MCE Society's, Abeda Inamdar Senior College, Azam Campus, Pune, 411001, India
| | - Amin Shaikh
- Advanced Scientific Research Laboratory (ASR-Lab.), Department of Chemistry, MCE Society's, Abeda Inamdar Senior College, Azam Campus, Pune, 411001, India
| | - Kounsar N Shiekh
- Advanced Scientific Research Laboratory (ASR-Lab.), Department of Chemistry, MCE Society's, Abeda Inamdar Senior College, Azam Campus, Pune, 411001, India
| | - Leonhard H F Köhler
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, University Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Rainer Schobert
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, University Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Bernhard Biersack
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, University Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Khursheed Ahmed
- Advanced Scientific Research Laboratory (ASR-Lab.), Department of Chemistry, MCE Society's, Abeda Inamdar Senior College, Azam Campus, Pune, 411001, India
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3
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Vaishnavi A, Juan J, Jacob M, Stehn C, Gardner EE, Scherzer MT, Schuman S, Van Veen JE, Murphy B, Hackett CS, Dupuy AJ, Chmura SA, van der Weyden L, Newberg JY, Liu A, Mann K, Rust AG, Weiss WA, Kinsey CG, Adams DJ, Grossmann A, Mann MB, McMahon M. Transposon Mutagenesis Reveals RBMS3 Silencing as a Promoter of Malignant Progression of BRAFV600E-Driven Lung Tumorigenesis. Cancer Res 2022; 82:4261-4273. [PMID: 36112789 PMCID: PMC9664136 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-3214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Mutationally activated BRAF is detected in approximately 7% of human lung adenocarcinomas, with BRAFT1799A serving as a predictive biomarker for treatment of patients with FDA-approved inhibitors of BRAFV600E oncoprotein signaling. In genetically engineered mouse (GEM) models, expression of BRAFV600E in the lung epithelium initiates growth of benign lung tumors that, without additional genetic alterations, rarely progress to malignant lung adenocarcinoma. To identify genes that cooperate with BRAFV600E for malignant progression, we used Sleeping Beauty-mediated transposon mutagenesis, which dramatically accelerated the emergence of lethal lung cancers. Among the genes identified was Rbms3, which encodes an RNA-binding protein previously implicated as a putative tumor suppressor. Silencing of RBMS3 via CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing promoted growth of BRAFV600E lung organoids and promoted development of malignant lung cancers with a distinct micropapillary architecture in BRAFV600E and EGFRL858R GEM models. BRAFV600E/RBMS3Null lung tumors displayed elevated expression of Ctnnb1, Ccnd1, Axin2, Lgr5, and c-Myc mRNAs, suggesting that RBMS3 silencing elevates signaling through the WNT/β-catenin signaling axis. Although RBMS3 silencing rendered BRAFV600E-driven lung tumors resistant to the effects of dabrafenib plus trametinib, the tumors were sensitive to inhibition of porcupine, an acyltransferase of WNT ligands necessary for their secretion. Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas patient samples revealed that chromosome 3p24, which encompasses RBMS3, is frequently lost in non-small cell lung cancer and correlates with poor prognosis. Collectively, these data reveal the role of RBMS3 as a lung cancer suppressor and suggest that RBMS3 silencing may contribute to malignant NSCLC progression. SIGNIFICANCE Loss of RBMS3 cooperates with BRAFV600E to induce lung tumorigenesis, providing a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying mutant BRAF-driven lung cancer and potential strategies to more effectively target this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aria Vaishnavi
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Joseph Juan
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Maebh Jacob
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | | | - Eric E. Gardner
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, New York
- Palo Alto Wellness, Menlo Park, California
| | - Michael T. Scherzer
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Sophia Schuman
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - J. Edward Van Veen
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Brandon Murphy
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Christopher S. Hackett
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Adam J. Dupuy
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Steven A. Chmura
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, New York
- Palo Alto Wellness, Menlo Park, California
| | - Louise van der Weyden
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Justin Y. Newberg
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Annie Liu
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Karen Mann
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Alistair G. Rust
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - William A. Weiss
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Conan G. Kinsey
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - David J. Adams
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Allie Grossmann
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Michael B. Mann
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Martin McMahon
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, California
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Wu G, Li D, Liang W, Sun W, Xie X, Tong Y, Shan B, Zhang M, Lu X, Yuan J, Li Y. PP6 negatively modulates LUBAC-mediated M1-ubiquitination of RIPK1 and c-FLIP L to promote TNFα-mediated cell death. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:773. [PMID: 36071040 PMCID: PMC9452587 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05206-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Activation of TNFR1 by TNFα induces the formation of a membrane-associated, intracellular complex termed complex I. Complex I orchestrates a complex pattern of modifications on key regulators of TNF signaling that collectively determines the cell fate by activating pro-survival or executing cell death programs. However, the regulatory mechanism of complex I in cell-fate decision is not fully understood. Here we identify protein phosphatase-6 (PP6) as a previously unidentified component of complex I. Loss of PP6 protects cells from TNFα-mediated cell death. The role of PP6 in regulating cell death requires its phosphatase activity and regulatory subunits. Further mechanistic studies show that PP6 modulates LUBAC-mediated M1-ubiquitination of RIPK1 and c-FLIPL to promote RIPK1 activation and c-FLIPL degradation. We also show that melanoma-associated PP6 inactivating mutants offer resistance to cell death due to the loss of sensitivity to TNFα. Thus, our study provides a potential mechanism by which melanoma-related PP6 inactivating mutations promote cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Wu
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Haike Road, PuDong District, 201210 Shanghai, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Dekang Li
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Haike Road, PuDong District, 201210 Shanghai, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Wei Liang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Haike Road, PuDong District, 201210 Shanghai, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Weimin Sun
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Haike Road, PuDong District, 201210 Shanghai, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Xingxing Xie
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Haike Road, PuDong District, 201210 Shanghai, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Yilun Tong
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Haike Road, PuDong District, 201210 Shanghai, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Bing Shan
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Haike Road, PuDong District, 201210 Shanghai, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Haike Road, PuDong District, 201210 Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojuan Lu
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Haike Road, PuDong District, 201210 Shanghai, China
| | - Junying Yuan
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Haike Road, PuDong District, 201210 Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Li
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Haike Road, PuDong District, 201210 Shanghai, China
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5
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Li A, Liu B, Xu J, Cui Y. Research Progress of Cell Lineage Tracing and Single-Cell Sequencing Technology in Malignant Skin Tumors. Front Surg 2022; 9:934828. [PMID: 35784923 PMCID: PMC9243498 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.934828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell lineage tracing and single-cell sequencing have been widely applied in development biology and oncology to reveal the molecular mechanisms in multiple basic biological processes and the differentiation of stem cells, as well as quantify the differences between single cells. They provide new methods for in-depth understanding of the origin of tumors, the heterogeneity of tumor cells, and the drug resistance mechanism of tumors, thus inspiring new strategies for tumor treatment. In this review, we summarized the progress of cell lineage tracing technology and single-cell sequencing technology in the research of malignant melanoma and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, attempting to spark new ideas for further research on skin tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Li
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Baoyi Liu
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingkai Xu
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Correspondence: Yong Cui wuhucuiyong@ vip.163.com Jingkai Xu
| | - Yong Cui
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Correspondence: Yong Cui wuhucuiyong@ vip.163.com Jingkai Xu
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Sadangi S, Milosavljevic K, Castro-Perez E, Lares M, Singh M, Altameemi S, Beebe DJ, Ayuso JM, Setaluri V. Role of the Skin Microenvironment in Melanomagenesis: Epidermal Keratinocytes and Dermal Fibroblasts Promote BRAF Oncogene-Induced Senescence Escape in Melanocytes. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051233. [PMID: 35267541 PMCID: PMC8909265 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Melanoma is a deadly skin cancer caused by the uncontrolled proliferation of melanocytes, a population of specialized cells that produce the skin pigment melanin. An aberrant proliferation of melanocytes is common, manifesting as new moles, and these lesions often remain benign. Only a small fraction of these aberrant melanocytes transition to melanoma (i.e., melanomagenesis). The factors that drive this transition are not fully understood. Recent studies have suggested that other cells—specifically, keratinocytes that make up the upper skin layers and fibroblasts, which are non-specialized cells within the deeper layers of the skin—also contribute to melanomagenesis. Here, employing microscale models that mimicked the skin microenvironment, we investigated the effect of crosstalk between melanocytes as well as keratinocytes and fibroblasts on melanomagenesis. Our findings show that keratinocyte- and fibroblast-derived factors can inhibit the mechanisms that prevent an uncontrolled melanocyte proliferation and contribute to melanomagenesis. Thus, targeting skin microenvironment-derived factors is a potential strategy to prevent melanomagenesis. Abstract BRAFV600E is the most common mutation driver in melanoma. This mutation is known to cause a brief burst of proliferation followed by growth arrest and senescence, which prevent an uncontrolled cell proliferation. This phenomenon is known as oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) and OIS escape is thought to lead to melanomagenesis. Much attention has been focused on the melanocyte-intrinsic mechanisms that contribute to senescence escape. Additional genetic events such as the loss of tumor suppressor PTEN and/or epigenetic changes that contribute to senescence escape have been described. However, the role of the skin microenvironment—specifically, the role of epidermal keratinocytes—on melanomagenesis is not fully understood. In this study, we employ a microfluidic platform to study the interaction between melanocytes expressing the BRAFV600E mutation as well as keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts. We demonstrate that keratinocytes suppress senescence-related genes and promote the proliferation of transformed melanocytes. We also show that a keratinocyte-conditioned medium can alter the secretion of both pro- and anti-tumorigenic factors by transformed melanocytes. In addition, we show that melanocytes and keratinocytes from donors of white European and black African ancestry display different crosstalks; i.e., white keratinocytes appear to promote a more pro-tumorigenic phenotype compared with black keratinocytes. These data suggest that keratinocytes exert their influence on melanomagenesis both by suppressing senescence-related genes in melanocytes and by affecting the balance of the melanocyte-secreted factors that favor tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreyans Sadangi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (S.S.); (K.M.); (E.C.-P.); (M.L.); (M.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Katarina Milosavljevic
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (S.S.); (K.M.); (E.C.-P.); (M.L.); (M.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Edgardo Castro-Perez
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (S.S.); (K.M.); (E.C.-P.); (M.L.); (M.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Marcos Lares
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (S.S.); (K.M.); (E.C.-P.); (M.L.); (M.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Mithalesh Singh
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (S.S.); (K.M.); (E.C.-P.); (M.L.); (M.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Sarah Altameemi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (S.S.); (K.M.); (E.C.-P.); (M.L.); (M.S.); (S.A.)
| | - David J. Beebe
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1550 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- The University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jose M. Ayuso
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (S.S.); (K.M.); (E.C.-P.); (M.L.); (M.S.); (S.A.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705, USA;
- Correspondence: (J.M.A.); (V.S.)
| | - Vijayasaradhi Setaluri
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (S.S.); (K.M.); (E.C.-P.); (M.L.); (M.S.); (S.A.)
- Correspondence: (J.M.A.); (V.S.)
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7
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Ayuso JM, Sadangi S, Lares M, Rehman S, Humayun M, Denecke KM, Skala MC, Beebe DJ, Setaluri V. Microfluidic model with air-walls reveals fibroblasts and keratinocytes modulate melanoma cell phenotype, migration, and metabolism. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:1139-1149. [PMID: 33533390 PMCID: PMC7990711 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00988a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma evolution is a complex process. The role epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts play in this process and the mechanisms involved in tumor-stroma interactions remain poorly understood. Here, we used a microfluidic platform to evaluate the cross-talk between human primary melanoma cells, keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts. The microfluidic device included multiple circular chambers separated by a series of narrow connection channels. The microdevice design allowed us to develop a new cell patterning method based on air-walls, removing the need for hydrogel barriers, porous membranes, or external equipment. Using this method, we co-cultured melanoma cells in the presence of keratinocytes and/or dermal fibroblasts. The results demonstrated that the presence of dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes led to changes in melanoma cell morphology and growth pattern. Molecular analysis revealed changes in the chemokine secretion pattern, identifying multiple secreted factors involved in tumor progression. Finally, optical metabolic imaging showed that melanoma cells, fibroblasts, and keratinocytes exhibited different metabolic features. Additionally, the presence of stromal cells led to a metabolic shift in melanoma cells, highlighting the role the skin microenvironment on melanoma evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Ayuso
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Shreyans Sadangi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Marcos Lares
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Shujah Rehman
- Morgridge Institute for Research, 330 N Orchard Street, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- The University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mouhita Humayun
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kathryn M Denecke
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Melissa C Skala
- Morgridge Institute for Research, 330 N Orchard Street, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- The University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - David J Beebe
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- The University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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8
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Moon H, Zhu J, White AC. Sirt5 is dispensable for Braf V600E -mediated cutaneous melanoma development and growth in vivo. Exp Dermatol 2020; 28:83-85. [PMID: 30471144 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Sirt5 is known to functionally regulate mitochondrial proteins by altering posttranslational modifications, including lysine desuccinylation. While roles for Sirt5 as either a tumor promoter or suppressor, or in chemoresistance, have been implicated in other cancers, the function of Sirt5 in cutaneous melanoma has not been well examined. Therefore, to determine whether Sirt5 is necessary for BrafV600E -mediated melanoma formation and/or disease progression, we crossed a genetically engineered murine melanoma model (TyrCre ERT 2/+ ; BrafLSL -V600E/+ ; Ptenflox/flox ) to Sirt5-/- knockout animals. In addition, we tested for synergism with a selective BRAF (V600E) inhibitor in Sirt5-/- mouse melanoma cells. Taken together, this report demonstrates that, in these models, Sirt5 is dispensable for BrafV600E -mediated cutaneous melanoma formation and growth in vivo, and does not improve sensitivity to a selective BRAF inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeongsun Moon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Jerry Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Andrew C White
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
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9
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Zhang X, Huang Z, Guo Y, Xiao T, Tang L, Zhao S, Wu L, Su J, Zeng W, Huang H, Li Z, Tao J, Zhou J, Chen X, Peng C. The phosphorylation of CD147 by Fyn plays a critical role for melanoma cells growth and metastasis. Oncogene 2020; 39:4183-4197. [PMID: 32291412 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1287-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
CD147, also known as extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN), is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is highly expressed in tumor cells, particularly melanoma cells, and plays critical roles in tumor cell metastasis through the regulation of matrix metalloprotease (MMP) expression. In this study, we identified Fyn as a novel interacting protein of CD147. Fyn is a member of the Src family of nonreceptor tyrosine kinases that regulates diverse physiological processes, such as T lymphocyte differentiation, through the TCR signaling pathway. Our findings demonstrated that Fyn directly phosphorylates CD147 at Y140 and Y183. Two phosphospecific antibodies against Y140 and Y183 were developed to validate the phosphorylation of CD147 by Fyn. Moreover, the CD147-FF (Y140F/Y183F) mutation impaired the interaction between CD147 and GnT-V, leading to decreased CD147 glycosylation and membrane recruitment. In addition, CD147-FF significantly blocked MMP-9 expression as well as cell migration. Moreover, we found that Fyn is overexpressed in clinical melanoma tissues as well as in melanoma cell lines. Knockdown of Fyn expression markedly attenuated the malignant phenotype of melanoma cells in vitro and in vivo through downregulation of CD147 phosphorylation, indicating that Fyn/CD147 is a potential target molecule in melanoma treatment. Finally, through virtual screening, we identified amodiaquine as a potential inhibitor targeting the Fyn/CD147 axis. Amodiaquine treatment dramatically inhibited the phosphorylation of CD147 by Fyn, thus attenuating melanoma cell growth and invasion in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that amodiaquine is a promising inhibitor for melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zunnan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Precision Drug Design of Guangdong Medical University, Research Platform Service Management Center, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Yeye Guo
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ta Xiao
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ling Tang
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lisha Wu
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Juan Su
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Weiqi Zeng
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hongbin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Precision Drug Design of Guangdong Medical University, Research Platform Service Management Center, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Zheng Li
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Juan Tao
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianda Zhou
- Department of Plastic Surgery of Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Cong Peng
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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10
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Moon H, White AC, Borowsky AD. New insights into the functions of Cox-2 in skin and esophageal malignancies. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:538-547. [PMID: 32235869 PMCID: PMC7210257 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0412-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of tumor initiation and progression for each cancer type is central to making improvements in both prevention and therapy. Identifying the cancer cells of origin and the necessary and sufficient mechanisms of transformation and progression provide opportunities for improved specific clinical interventions. In the last few decades, advanced genetic manipulation techniques have facilitated rapid progress in defining the etiologies of cancers and their cells of origin. Recent studies driven by various groups have provided experimental evidence indicating the cellular origins for each type of skin and esophageal cancer and have identified underlying mechanisms that stem/progenitor cells use to initiate tumor development. Specifically, cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) is associated with tumor initiation and progression in many cancer types. Recent studies provide data demonstrating the roles of Cox-2 in skin and esophageal malignancies, especially in squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) occurring in both sites. Here, we review experimental evidence aiming to define the origins of skin and esophageal cancers and discuss how Cox-2 contributes to tumorigenesis and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeongsun Moon
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Andrew C White
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Alexander D Borowsky
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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11
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Filipczak N, Jaromin A, Piwoni A, Mahmud M, Sarisozen C, Torchilin V, Gubernator J. A Triple Co-Delivery Liposomal Carrier That Enhances Apoptosis via an Intrinsic Pathway in Melanoma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11121982. [PMID: 31835393 PMCID: PMC6966600 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of existing anti-cancer therapies is based mainly on the stimulation of apoptosis of cancer cells. Most of the existing therapies are somewhat toxic to normal cells. Therefore, the quest for nontoxic, cancer-specific therapies remains. We have demonstrated the ability of liposomes containing anacardic acid, mitoxantrone and ammonium ascorbate to induce the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis via reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by the killing of cancer cells in monolayer culture and shown its specificity towards melanoma cells. Liposomes were prepared by a lipid hydration, freeze-and-thaw (FAT) procedure and extrusion through polycarbonate filters, a remote loading method was used for dug encapsulation. Following characterization, hemolytic activity, cytotoxicity and apoptosis inducing effects of loaded nanoparticles were investigated. To identify the anticancer activity mechanism of these liposomes, ROS level and caspase 9 activity were measured by fluorescence and by chemiluminescence respectively. We have demonstrated that the developed liposomal formulations produced a high ROS level, enhanced apoptosis and cell death in melanoma cells, but not in normal cells. The proposed mechanism of the cytotoxic action of these liposomes involved specific generation of free radicals by the iron ions mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Filipczak
- Department of Lipids and Liposomes, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.J.); (A.P.); (M.M.); (J.G.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +48-713-756-318
| | - Anna Jaromin
- Department of Lipids and Liposomes, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.J.); (A.P.); (M.M.); (J.G.)
| | - Adriana Piwoni
- Department of Lipids and Liposomes, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.J.); (A.P.); (M.M.); (J.G.)
| | - Mohamed Mahmud
- Department of Lipids and Liposomes, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.J.); (A.P.); (M.M.); (J.G.)
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Misurata, Misurata 2478, Libya
| | - Can Sarisozen
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (C.S.); (V.T.)
| | - Vladimir Torchilin
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (C.S.); (V.T.)
- Department of Oncology, Radiotherapy and Plastic Surgery I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Jerzy Gubernator
- Department of Lipids and Liposomes, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.J.); (A.P.); (M.M.); (J.G.)
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12
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Rodríguez CI, Castro-Pérez E, Prabhakar K, Block L, Longley BJ, Wisinski JA, Kimple ME, Setaluri V. EPAC-RAP1 Axis-Mediated Switch in the Response of Primary and Metastatic Melanoma to Cyclic AMP. Mol Cancer Res 2017; 15:1792-1802. [PMID: 28851815 PMCID: PMC6309370 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-17-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic AMP (cAMP) is an important second messenger that regulates a wide range of physiologic processes. In mammalian cutaneous melanocytes, cAMP-mediated signaling pathways activated by G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), like melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R), play critical roles in melanocyte homeostasis including cell survival, proliferation, and pigment synthesis. Impaired cAMP signaling is associated with increased risk of cutaneous melanoma. Although mutations in MAPK pathway components are the most frequent oncogenic drivers of melanoma, the role of cAMP in melanoma is not well understood. Here, using the Braf(V600E)/Pten-null mouse model of melanoma, topical application of an adenylate cyclase agonist, forskolin (a cAMP inducer), accelerated melanoma tumor development in vivo and stimulated the proliferation of mouse and human primary melanoma cells, but not human metastatic melanoma cells in vitro The differential response of primary and metastatic melanoma cells was also evident upon pharmacologic inhibition of the cAMP effector protein kinase A. Pharmacologic inhibition and siRNA-mediated knockdown of other cAMP signaling pathway components showed that EPAC-RAP1 axis, an alternative cAMP signaling pathway, mediates the switch in response of primary and metastatic melanoma cells to cAMP. Evaluation of pERK levels revealed that this phenotypic switch was not correlated with changes in MAPK pathway activity. Although cAMP elevation did not alter the sensitivity of metastatic melanoma cells to BRAF(V600E) and MEK inhibitors, the EPAC-RAP1 axis appears to contribute to resistance to MAPK pathway inhibition. These data reveal a MAPK pathway-independent switch in response to cAMP signaling during melanoma progression.Implications: The prosurvival mechanism involving the cAMP-EPAC-RAP1 signaling pathway suggest the potential for new targeted therapies in melanoma. Mol Cancer Res; 15(12); 1792-802. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos I Rodríguez
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Edgardo Castro-Pérez
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Kirthana Prabhakar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Laura Block
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - B Jack Longley
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Jaclyn A Wisinski
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Michelle E Kimple
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Vijayasaradhi Setaluri
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin
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13
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Moon H, Donahue LR, Choi E, Scumpia PO, Lowry WE, Grenier JK, Zhu J, White AC. Melanocyte Stem Cell Activation and Translocation Initiate Cutaneous Melanoma in Response to UV Exposure. Cell Stem Cell 2017; 21:665-678.e6. [PMID: 29033353 PMCID: PMC9004284 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the deadliest cancers, yet the cells of origin and mechanisms of tumor initiation remain unclear. The majority of melanomas emerge from clear skin without a precursor lesion, but it is unknown whether these melanomas can arise from melanocyte stem cells (MCSCs). Here we employ mouse models to define the role of MCSCs as melanoma cells of origin, demonstrate that MCSC quiescence acts as a tumor suppressor, and identify the extrinsic environmental and molecular factors required for the critical early steps of melanoma initiation. Specifically, melanomas originate from melanoma-competent MCSCs upon stimulation by UVB, which induces MCSC activation and translocation via an inflammation-dependent process. Moreover, the chromatin-remodeling factor Hmga2 in the skin plays a critical role in UVB-mediated melanomagenesis. These findings delineate melanoma formation from melanoma-competent MCSCs following extrinsic stimuli, and they suggest that abrogation of Hmga2 function in the microenvironment can suppress MCSC-originating cutaneous melanomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeongsun Moon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Leanne R Donahue
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Eunju Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Philip O Scumpia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - William E Lowry
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jennifer K Grenier
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Jerry Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Andrew C White
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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14
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Regulation of viability, differentiation and death of human melanoma cells carrying neural stem cell biomarkers: a possibility for neural trans-differentiation. Apoptosis 2016; 20:996-1015. [PMID: 25953317 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-015-1131-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
During embryonic development, melanoblasts, the precursors of melanocytes, emerge from a subpopulation of the neural crest stem cells and migrate to colonize skin. Melanomas arise during melanoblast differentiation into melanocytes and from young proliferating melanocytes through somatic mutagenesis and epigenetic regulations. In the present study, we used several human melanoma cell lines from the sequential phases of melanoma development (radial growth phase, vertical growth phase and metastatic phase) to compare: (i) the frequency and efficiency of the induction of cell death via apoptosis and necroptosis; (ii) the presence of neural and cancer stem cell biomarkers as well as death receptors, DR5 and FAS, in both adherent and spheroid cultures of melanoma cells; (iii) anti-apoptotic effects of the endogenous production of cytokines and (iv) the ability of melanoma cells to perform neural trans-differentiation. We demonstrated that programed necrosis or necroptosis, could be induced in two metastatic melanoma lines, FEMX and OM431, while the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis was prevalent in a vast majority of melanoma lines. All melanoma lines used in the current study expressed substantial levels of pluripotency markers, SOX2 and NANOG. There was a trend for increasing expression of Nestin, an early neuroprogenitor marker, during melanoma progression. Most of the melanoma lines, including WM35, FEMX and A375, can grow as a spheroid culture in serum-free media with supplements. It was possible to induce neural trans-differentiation of 1205Lu and OM431 melanoma cells in serum-free media supplemented with insulin. This was confirmed by the expression of neuronal markers, doublecortin and β3-Tubulin, by significant growth of neurites and by the negative regulation of this process by a dominant-negative Rac1N17. These results suggest a relative plasticity of differentiated melanoma cells and a possibility for their neural trans-differentiation without the necessity for preliminary dedifferentiation.
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15
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PCTAIRE1 regulates p27 stability, apoptosis and tumor growth in malignant melanoma. Oncoscience 2014; 1:624-33. [PMID: 25593992 PMCID: PMC4278280 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PCTAIRE1 is a cyclin-dependent kinase family protein that has been implicated in spermatogenesis. Although we recently revealed the function of PCTAIRE1 in tumorigenesis of epithelial carcinoma cells, its tumorigenic function in melanoma remains unclear. Interrogation of the Oncomine database revealed that malignant melanoma showed up-regulation of PCTAIRE1 mRNA compared to normal skin and benign melanocytic nevus tissues. In the melanoma cell lines A2058 and SK-MEL-28, PCTAIRE1 gene knockdown using siRNA or shRNA diminished melanoma cell proliferation as assessed by cellular ATP levels, cell counting and clonogenic assays. Moreover, FACS analyses of annexin V-PI staining and DNA content showed that PCTAIRE1 knockdown caused apoptosis in A2058 cells. In contrast, PCTAIRE1 does not appear to be involved in the proliferation of immortalized human keratinocyte HaCaT cells. Depletion of PCTAIRE1 by siRNA/shRNA led to p27 accumulation in melanoma cells but not HaCaT cells. In tumor xenografts of melanoma A2058 cells, conditional knockdown of PCTAIRE1 restored p27 protein expression and suppressed tumor growth. Our findings reveal a crucial role for PCTAIRE1 in regulating p27 protein levels and tumor growth in melanoma cells, suggesting that PCTAIRE1 could provide a target for melanoma treatment.
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16
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Viros A, Sanchez-Laorden B, Pedersen M, Furney SJ, Rae J, Hogan K, Ejiama S, Girotti MR, Cook M, Dhomen N, Marais R. Ultraviolet radiation accelerates BRAF-driven melanomagenesis by targeting TP53. Nature 2014; 511:478-482. [PMID: 24919155 PMCID: PMC4112218 DOI: 10.1038/nature13298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is epidemiologically linked to ultraviolet radiation (UVR), but the molecular mechanisms by which UVR drives melanomagenesis remain unclear. The most common somatic mutation in melanoma is a V600E substitution in BRAF, which is an early event. To investigate how UVR accelerates oncogenic BRAF-driven melanomagenesis, we used a BRAF(V600E) mouse model. In mice expressing BRAF(V600E) in their melanocytes, a single dose of UVR that mimicked mild sunburn in humans induced clonal expansion of the melanocytes, and repeated doses of UVR increased melanoma burden. Here we show that sunscreen (UVA superior, UVB sun protection factor (SPF) 50) delayed the onset of UVR-driven melanoma, but only provided partial protection. The UVR-exposed tumours showed increased numbers of single nucleotide variants and we observed mutations (H39Y, S124F, R245C, R270C, C272G) in the Trp53 tumour suppressor in approximately 40% of cases. TP53 is an accepted UVR target in human non-melanoma skin cancer, but is not thought to have a major role in melanoma. However, we show that, in mice, mutant Trp53 accelerated BRAF(V600E)-driven melanomagenesis, and that TP53 mutations are linked to evidence of UVR-induced DNA damage in human melanoma. Thus, we provide mechanistic insight into epidemiological data linking UVR to acquired naevi in humans. Furthermore, we identify TP53/Trp53 as a UVR-target gene that cooperates with BRAF(V600E) to induce melanoma, providing molecular insight into how UVR accelerates melanomagenesis. Our study validates public health campaigns that promote sunscreen protection for individuals at risk of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaya Viros
- Molecular Oncology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Berta Sanchez-Laorden
- Molecular Oncology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Malin Pedersen
- Signal Transduction Team, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Simon J. Furney
- Molecular Oncology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Joel Rae
- Signal Transduction Team, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Kate Hogan
- Molecular Oncology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Sarah Ejiama
- Molecular Oncology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Maria Romina Girotti
- Molecular Oncology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Martin Cook
- Molecular Oncology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
- Histopathology, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Egerton Road, Guildford, GU2 7XX UK
| | - Nathalie Dhomen
- Signal Transduction Team, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Richard Marais
- Molecular Oncology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
- Signal Transduction Team, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JB, UK
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17
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Rodríguez CI, Setaluri V. Cyclic AMP (cAMP) signaling in melanocytes and melanoma. Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 563:22-7. [PMID: 25017568 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), which include melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R), play a crucial role in melanocytes development, proliferation and differentiation. Activation of the MC1R by the α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) leads to the activation of the cAMP signaling pathway that is mainly associated with differentiation and pigment production. Some MC1R polymorphisms produce cAMP signaling impairment and pigmentary phenotypes such as the red head color and fair skin phenotype (RHC) that is usually associated with higher risk for melanoma development. Despite its importance in melanocyte biology, the role of cAMP signaling cutaneous melanoma is not well understood. Melanoma is primarily driven by mutations in the components of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathway. Increasing evidence, however, now suggests that cAMP signaling also plays an important role in melanoma even though genetic alterations in components of this pathway are note commonly found in melanoma. Here we review these new roles for cAMP in melanoma including its contribution to the notorious treatment resistance of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Iván Rodríguez
- Department of Dermatology and Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Vijayasaradhi Setaluri
- Department of Dermatology and Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, United States.
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