1
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Gawryszewska P, Ślepokura K, Lisowski J. Triple-Decker Hexaazamacrocyclic Lanthanide(III) Complexes: Structure, Magnetic Properties, and Temperature-Dependent Luminescence. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:15875-15887. [PMID: 39120757 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c02047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
The reaction of fluoride anions with mononuclear rare-earth(III) complexes of the hexaazamacrocycle derived from 2,6-diformylpyridine and ethylenediamine affords trinuclear coordination compounds [Ln3L3(μ2-F)4(NO3)2](NO3)3. The X-ray crystal structures of these complexes show triplex cationic complexes where the three roughly parallel macrocyclic lanthanide(III) units are linked by bis-μ2-F bridges. The detailed analysis of the photophysical properties of the [Eu3L3(μ2-F)4(NO3)2](NO3)3·2H2O and [Tb3L3(μ2-F)4(NO3)2](NO3)3·3H2O complexes reveals different temperature dependence of luminescence intensity and luminescence decay time of the Eu(III) and Tb(III) derivatives. The spectra of mixed species of average composition [Eu1.5Tb1.5L3(μ2-F)4(NO3)2](NO3)3·3H2O are in accordance with the ratiometric luminescent thermometer behavior. Measurements of the direct-current (dc) magnetic susceptibility of the [Dy3L3(μ2-F)4(NO3)2](NO3)3·2H2O complex indicate possible ferromagnetic interactions between the Dy(III) ions. Alternating current (ac) susceptibility measurements of this complex indicate single-molecule magnet behavior in zero dc field with magnetic relaxation dominated by Orbach mechanism and an effective energy barrier Ueff = 12.3 cm-1 (17.7 K) with a pre-exponential relaxation time, τ0 of 7.3 × 10-6 s. A similar reaction of mononuclear macrocyclic complexes with a higher number of fluoride equivalents results in polymeric {[Ln3L3(μ2-F)5](NO3)4}n complexes. The X-ray crystal structure of the Nd(III) derivative of this type shows trinuclear units that are additionally linked by single fluoride bridges to form a linear coordination polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Gawryszewska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie, Wrocław 50-383, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Ślepokura
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie, Wrocław 50-383, Poland
| | - Jerzy Lisowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie, Wrocław 50-383, Poland
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2
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Lussier D, Ito E, McClain KR, Smith PW, Kwon H, Rutkauskaite R, Harvey BG, Shuh DK, Long JR. Metal-Halide Covalency, Exchange Coupling, and Slow Magnetic Relaxation in Triangular (Cp iPr5) 3U 3X 6 (X = Cl, Br, I) Clusters. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:21280-21295. [PMID: 39044394 PMCID: PMC11311243 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
The actinide elements are attractive alternatives to transition metals or lanthanides for the design of exchange-coupled multinuclear single-molecule magnets. However, the synthesis of such compounds is challenging, as is unraveling any contributions from exchange coupling to the overall magnetism. To date, only a few actinide compounds have been shown to exhibit exchange coupling and single-molecule magnetism. Here, we report triangular uranium(III) clusters of the type (CpiPr5)3U3X (1-X; X = Cl, Br, I; CpiPr5 = pentaisopropylcyclopentadienyl), which are synthesized via reaction of the aryloxide-bridged precursor (CpiPr5)2U2(OPhtBu)4 with excess Me3SiX. Spectroscopic analysis suggests the presence of covalency in the uranium-halide interactions arising from 5f orbital participation in bonding. The dc magnetic susceptibility data reveal the presence of antiferromagnetic exchange coupling between the uranium(III) centers in these compounds, with the strength of the exchange decreasing down the halide series. Ac magnetic susceptibility data further reveal all compounds to exhibit slow magnetic relaxation under zero dc field. In 1-I, which exhibits particularly weak exchange, magnetic relaxation occurs via a Raman mechanism associated with the individual uranium(III) centers. In contrast, for 1-Br and 1-Cl, magnetic relaxation occurs via an Orbach mechanism, likely involving relaxation between ground and excited exchange-coupled states. Significantly, in the case of 1-Cl, magnetic relaxation is sufficiently slow such that open magnetic hysteresis is observed up to 2.75 K, and the compound exhibits a 100-s blocking temperature of 2.4 K. This compound provides the first example of magnetic blocking in a compound containing only actinide-based ions, as well as the first example involving the uranium(III) oxidation state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel
J. Lussier
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Emi Ito
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - K. Randall McClain
- U.S.
Navy, Naval Air Warfare Center, Weapons Division, Research Department, Chemistry Division, China Lake, California 93555, United States
| | - Patrick W. Smith
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Hyunchul Kwon
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ryte Rutkauskaite
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Benjamin G. Harvey
- U.S.
Navy, Naval Air Warfare Center, Weapons Division, Research Department, Chemistry Division, China Lake, California 93555, United States
| | - David K. Shuh
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jeffrey R. Long
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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3
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Bustamante-Fernández J, Ruiz-Bilbao E, Rodríguez-Esteban C, Gonidec M, García JA, Lezama L, Gutiérrez-Zorrilla JM, Oyarzabal I, Artetxe B. Effect of the heteroatom on the magnetic and luminescence properties of hybrid lanthanide-substituted Keggin-type polyoxometalates. Dalton Trans 2024. [PMID: 39078235 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01379d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Replacement of the heteroatom from Si to Ge has a strong influence on the luminescence properties of a series of hybrid, sandwich-type K5[Ln(α-GeW11O39)(C20H22Br2N2O4)]·14H2O (1Ge-Ln, Ln = Sm to Lu) anions. Interestingly, the Gd and Yb derivatives retain their ability to display slow relaxation of magnetisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janire Bustamante-Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
- BCMaterials, Edificio Martina Casiano, 3rd Floor, UPV/EHU Science Park, Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
| | - Estibaliz Ruiz-Bilbao
- BCMaterials, Edificio Martina Casiano, 3rd Floor, UPV/EHU Science Park, Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
| | - Corina Rodríguez-Esteban
- BCMaterials, Edificio Martina Casiano, 3rd Floor, UPV/EHU Science Park, Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
| | - Mathieu Gonidec
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ICMCB, UMR 5026, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - José A García
- Departamento de Física Aplicada II, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología. Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Luis Lezama
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Juan M Gutiérrez-Zorrilla
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
- BCMaterials, Edificio Martina Casiano, 3rd Floor, UPV/EHU Science Park, Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
| | - Itziar Oyarzabal
- BCMaterials, Edificio Martina Casiano, 3rd Floor, UPV/EHU Science Park, Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Beñat Artetxe
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
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4
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Halder D, Jana Y, Piwowarska D, Gnutek P, Rudowicz C. Tailoring single-ion magnet properties of coordination polymer C 11H 18DyN 3O 9 (Dy-CP) using the radial effective charge model (RECM) and superposition model (SPM). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:19947-19959. [PMID: 38993160 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp01861c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
We investigate Dy-based coordination polymer C11H18DyN3O9 (Dy-CP) exhibiting single-ion magnet (SIM) properties, e.g., quantum tunnelling of magnetization (QTM), magnetic anisotropy, magnetic relaxation, and effective energy barrier (Ueff). To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, crystal field parameters (CFPs) for Dy3+ ions were modelled using the radial effective charge model (RECM) and superposition model (SPM), and the computational packages SIMPRE and SPECTRE. The modelled CFPs enable the prediction of the energy levels and associated wave functions, which successfully explain the field-induced Dy-CP SIM properties. The so-calculated magnetic susceptibility and isothermal magnetization match the experimental data reasonably well. The smaller energy separations of the first (Δ0-1 ∼ 31 cm-1) and the second (Δ0-2 = 74 cm-1) excited Kramers doublets suggest small Ueff = 65 cm-1 for Dy-CP. The magnetic moments of Dy3+ ions exhibit an easy-axis type magnetic anisotropy in the ground state, but change orientation in the excited states due to mixing of states from different Kramers doublets. Low-symmetry CF components play a crucial role in connecting different |±MJ〉 states within the ground multiplet, resulting in QTM and magnetic relaxation to the ground state occurring via the excited states. The RECM and SPM calculated CFP sets are standardized employing the 3DD package to enable meaningful comparison and assessing their mutual equivalence. The results demonstrate the correlation between structural and electronic features of the molecule and site symmetry and distortion of the local coordination polyhedra with SIM properties, offering insights for rational design of new SIMs. The importance of considering low-symmetry aspects in CFP modelling for accurate predictions of magnetic properties is highlighted. This study provides deeper understanding of field-induced behaviour in rare-earth-based SIMs and approaches for rationalization of experimentally measured SIMs' properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinabandhu Halder
- Department of Physics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani-741235, Nadia, WB, India.
| | - Yatramohan Jana
- Department of Physics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani-741235, Nadia, WB, India.
| | - Danuta Piwowarska
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, 70-311 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Paweł Gnutek
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, 70-311 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Czesław Rudowicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
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5
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Moorthy S, Tarannum I, Kumari K, Singh SK. A highly anisotropic family of hexagonal bipyramidal Dy(III) unsaturated 18-crown-6 complexes exceeding the blockade barrier over 2700 K: a computational exploration. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:12073-12079. [PMID: 38787652 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00632a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
In the present work, we have explored a series of unsaturated hexa-18-crown-6 (U18C6) ligands towards designing highly anisotropic Dy(III) based single-ion magnets (SIMs) with the general formula [Dy(U18C6)X2]+ (where U18C6 = [C12H12O6] (1), [C12H12S6] (2), [C12H12Se6] (3), [C12H12O4S2] (4), [C12H12O4Se2] (5) and X = F, Cl, Br, I, OtBu and OSiPh3). By analysing the electronic structure, bonding and magnetic properties, we find that the U18C6 ligands prefer stabilising the highly symmetric eight-coordinated hexagonal bipyramidal geometry (HBPY-8), which is the source of the near-Ising type anisotropy in all the [Dy(U18C6)X2]+ complexes. Moreover, the ability of sulfur/selenium substituted U18C6 ligands to stabilize the highly anisotropic HBPY-8 geometry makes them more promising towards engineering the equatorial ligand field compared to substituted saturated 18C6 ligands where the exodentate arrangement of the S lone pairs results in low symmetry. Magnetic relaxation analysis predicts a record barrier height over 2700 K for [Dy(C12H12O6)F2]+ and [Dy(C12H12S6)X2]+ (where X = F, OtBu and OSiPh3) complexes, nearly 23% higher than those of the top performing Dy(III) based SIMs in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Moorthy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana, 502284, India.
| | - Ibtesham Tarannum
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana, 502284, India.
| | - Kusum Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana, 502284, India.
| | - Saurabh Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana, 502284, India.
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6
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Wang YF, Wang YX, Yang QQ, Yin B. Auxiliary Rather Than Dominant. The Role of Direct Dy-S Coordination in Single-Molecule Magnet Unveiled via ab initio Study. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:5285-5297. [PMID: 38950340 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c02003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
The role of Dy-S coordination in a single-molecule magnet (SMM) is investigated via an ab initio study in a group of mononuclear structures. The SMM performance of this group is well interpreted via a concise criterion consisting of long quantum tunneling of magnetization (QTM) time τQTM and high effective barrier for magnetic reversal Ueff. The best SMMs in the selected group, i.e., 1Dy (CCDC refcode: PUKFAF) and 2Dy (CCDC refcode: NIKSEJ), are just those holding the longest τQTM and the highest Ueff simultaneously. Further analysis based on the crystal field model and ab initio magneto-structural exploration indicates that the influence of Dy-S coordination on the SMM performance of 1Dy is weaker than that of axial Dy-O coordination. Thus, Dy-S coordination is more likely to play an auxiliary role rather than a dominant one. However, if placed at the suitable equatorial position, Dy-S coordination could provide important support for good SMM performance. Consequently, starting from 1Dy, we built two new structures where Dy-S coordination only exists at the equatorial position and two axial positions are occupied by strong Dy-O/Dy-F coordination. Compared to 1Dy and 2Dy, these new ones are predicted to have significantly longer τQTM and higher Ueff, as well as a nearly doubled blocking temperature TB. Thus, they are probable candidates of SMM having clearly improved performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, Lab of Theoretical Molecular Magnetism, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Yu-Xi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, Lab of Theoretical Molecular Magnetism, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Qi-Qi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, Lab of Theoretical Molecular Magnetism, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Bing Yin
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, Lab of Theoretical Molecular Magnetism, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
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7
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Majumder R, Sokolov AY. Consistent Second-Order Treatment of Spin-Orbit Coupling and Dynamic Correlation in Quasidegenerate N-Electron Valence Perturbation Theory. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:4676-4688. [PMID: 38795071 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.4c00458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
We present a formulation and implementation of second-order quasidegenerate N-electron valence perturbation theory (QDNEVPT2) that provides a balanced and accurate description of spin-orbit coupling and dynamic correlation effects in multiconfigurational electronic states. In our approach, the energies and wave functions of electronic states are computed by treating electron repulsion and spin-orbit coupling operators as equal perturbations to the nonrelativistic complete active-space wave functions, and their contributions are incorporated fully up to the second order. The spin-orbit effects are described using the Breit-Pauli (BP) or exact two-component Douglas-Kroll-Hess (DKH) Hamiltonians within spin-orbit mean-field approximation. The resulting second-order methods (BP2- and DKH2-QDNEVPT2) are capable of treating spin-orbit coupling effects in nearly degenerate electronic states by diagonalizing an effective Hamiltonian expanded in a compact non-relativistic basis. For a variety of atoms and small molecules across the entire periodic table, we demonstrate that DKH2-QDNEVPT2 is competitive in accuracy with variational two-component relativistic theories. BP2-QDNEVPT2 shows high accuracy for the second- and third-period elements, but its performance deteriorates for heavier atoms and molecules. We also consider the first-order spin-orbit QDNEVPT2 approximations (BP1- and DKH1-QDNEVPT2), among which DKH1-QDNEVPT2 is reliable but less accurate than DKH2-QDNEVPT2. Both DKH1- and DKH2-QDNEVPT2 hold promise as efficient and accurate electronic structure methods for treating electron correlation and spin-orbit coupling in a variety of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajat Majumder
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Alexander Yu Sokolov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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8
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Nodaraki L, Ariciu AM, Huh DN, Liu J, Martins DOTA, Ortu F, Winpenny REP, Chilton NF, McInnes EJL, Mills DP, Evans WJ, Tuna F. Ligand Effects on the Spin Relaxation Dynamics and Coherent Manipulation of Organometallic La(II) Potential Qu dits. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:15000-15009. [PMID: 38787801 PMCID: PMC11157535 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
We present pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies on three La(II) complexes, [K(2.2.2-cryptand)][La(Cp')3] (1), [K(2.2.2-cryptand)][La(Cp″)3] (2), and [K(2.2.2-cryptand)][La(Cptt)3] (3), which feature cyclopentadienyl derivatives as ligands [Cp' = C5H4SiMe3; Cp″ = C5H3(SiMe3)2; Cptt = C5H3(CMe3)2] and display a C3 symmetry. Long spin-lattice relaxation (T1) and phase memory (Tm) times are observed for all three compounds, but with significant variation in T1 among 1-3, with 3 being the slowest relaxing due to higher s-character of the SOMO. The dephasing times can be extended by more than an order of magnitude via dynamical decoupling experiments using a Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) sequence, reaching 161 μs (5 K) for 3. Coherent spin manipulation is performed by the observation of Rabi quantum oscillations up to 80 K in this nuclear spin-rich environment (1H, 13C, and 29Si). The high nuclear spin of 139La (I = 7/2), and the ability to coherently manipulate all eight hyperfine transitions, makes these molecules promising candidates for application as qudits (multilevel quantum systems featuring d quantum states; d >2) for performing quantum operations within a single molecule. Application of HYSCORE techniques allows us to quantify the electron spin density at ligand nuclei and interrogate the role of functional groups to the electron spin relaxation properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia
E. Nodaraki
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
- Photon
Science Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Ana-Maria Ariciu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
- Photon
Science Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Daniel N. Huh
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
of America
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
of America
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Daniel O. T. A. Martins
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
- Photon
Science Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Fabrizio Ortu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
- School
of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, U.K.
| | | | - Nicholas F. Chilton
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
- Research
School of Chemistry, Australian National
University, Canberra 2617, Australia
| | - Eric J. L. McInnes
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
- Photon
Science Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - David P. Mills
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - William J. Evans
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
of America
| | - Floriana Tuna
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
- Photon
Science Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
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9
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Tubau À, Gómez-Coca S, Speed S, Font-Bardía M, Vicente R. New series of mononuclear β-diketonate cerium(III) field induced single-molecule magnets. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:9387-9405. [PMID: 38757803 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00848k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Five new β-diketonate Ce3+ mononuclear complexes, [Ce(Btfa)3(H2O)2] (1), [Ce(Btfa)3(phen)] (2), [Ce(Btfa)3(bipy)] (3), [Ce(Btfa)3(terpy)] (4) and [Ce(Btfa)3(bathophen)(DMF)] (5), where Btfa- = 4,4,4-trifluoro-1-phenyl-1,3-butanedionate, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, bipy = 2,2'-bipyridyl, terpy = 2,2':6',2''-terpyridine and bathophen = 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline, have been synthesized and structurally characterized through X-ray diffraction of single crystals. The central Ce3+ atom displays a coordination number of 8 for 1, 2 and 3 and of 9 for 4 and 5. Under a 0 T external magnetic field, none of the given compounds exhibits single molecule magnet (SMM) behaviour. However, a small magnetic field, between 0.02 and 0.1 T, is enough for all the compounds to exhibit slow relaxation of the magnetization. A comprehensive magnetic analysis, with experimental magnetic data and ab initio calculations, was undertaken for all the complexes, and the study highlights the significance of the different spin relaxation mechanisms that must be considered for a Ce3+ lanthanide ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ànnia Tubau
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Silvia Gómez-Coca
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Saskia Speed
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Mercè Font-Bardía
- Departament de Mineralogia, Cristal lografia i Dipòsits Minerals and Unitat de Difracció de R-X. Centre Científic i Tecnològic de la Universitat de Barcelona (CCiTUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Solé i Sabarís 1-3, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Vicente
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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10
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Dey S, Sharma T, Rajaraman G. Unravelling the role of spin-vibrational coupling in designing high-performance pentagonal bipyramidal Dy(iii) single ion magnets. Chem Sci 2024; 15:6465-6477. [PMID: 38699254 PMCID: PMC11062094 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00823e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
At the cutting edge of high-performance single-molecule magnets (SMMs) lie lanthanide-based complexes, renowned for their potent magnetic anisotropy. SMMs containing one metal centre are defined as single-ion magnets (SIMs). The performance of SMMs is measured generally via the barrier height for magnetisation reversal (Ueff) and blocking temperature (TB), below which the magnetisation is fully frozen. To enhance the Ueff and TB values in lanthanide-based SMMs, the static crystal field splitting of mJ levels has been effectively adjusted through ligand design, leveraging the oblate/prolate ground state 4f electron density shape. However, the maximum fine-tuning achievable through ligand design, known as the axial limit, has already been reached in this class of compounds. This necessitates new design principles to enhance SMM characteristics to better suit end-user applications. Among other avenues that can be explored to improve SMM characteristics, a deeper understanding of spin-phonon coupling is critical to advancing TB values. However, there are only a handful of examples where this has been deciphered. In this work, using a combination of DFT and ab initio CASSCF calculations, we have performed spin-phonon calculations on five classes of pentagonal bipyramidal Dy(iii) SIMs exhibiting TB values in the range of 4.5 K to 36 K ([Dy(bbpen)Br] (1, H2bbpen = N,N'-bis(2-hydroxybenzyl)-N,N'-bis(2-methylpyridyl)ethylenediamine), [Dy(OCMe3)Br(THF)5][BPh4] (2) [Dy(OSiMe3)Br(THF)5] [BPh4] (3), [Dy(LN5)(Ph3SiO)2](BPh4)·CH2Cl2 (4) and [L2Dy(H2O)5][I]3·L2·H2O (5, L = tBuPO(NHiPr)2)). Unlike the method employed elsewhere for the calculation of spin-phonon coupling, in this work, we have employed a set of criteria and intuitively selected vibrational modes to perform the spin-phonon coupling analysis. The approach provided here not only reduces the computational cost significantly but also suggests chemical intuition to improve the performance of this class of compounds. Our calculations reveal that low-energy vibrational modes govern the magnetisation relaxation in these SIMs. A flexible first coordination sphere found on some of the complexes was found to be responsible for low-energy vibrations that flip the magnetisation, reducing the TB values drastically (complexes 2 and 3). On the other hand, a rigid first coordination sphere and a stiff ligand framework move the spin-vibrational coupling that causes the relaxation to lie beyond the secondary coordination sphere, resulting in an increase in TB values. Our calculations also reveal that not only the atoms in the first coordination sphere but also those in the secondary coordination sphere affect the performance of the SMMs. Learning from this exercise, we have undertaken several in silico models based on these vibrations to improve the TB values. Some of these predictions were correlated with literature precedents, offering confidence in the methodology employed. To this end, our comprehensive investigation, involving twenty-three molecules/models and five sets of geometries for pentagonal bipyramidal Dy(iii) single-ion magnets (SIMs), unveils a treasure trove of chemically sound design clues, poised to enhance the TB values in this fascinating molecular realm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Dey
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai 400076 Mumbai India
| | - Tanu Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai 400076 Mumbai India
| | - Gopalan Rajaraman
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai 400076 Mumbai India
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11
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Xue T, Ding YS, Zheng Z. A tetravalent praseodymium complex with field-induced slow magnetic relaxation. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:5779-5783. [PMID: 38482700 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00052h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Herein the synthesis, structural characterization, and magnetic properties of a Pr(IV) complex [Pr(OSiPh3)4(L)] (1, L = 4,4'-dimethoxy-2,2'-bipyridine) are reported. The stability of the Pr(IV) complex significantly enhanced with the use of the bidentate ligand L. Slow magnetic relaxation was observed at low temperatures, indicating that the complex may be the first single-ion magnet with a tetravalent lanthanide ion being the magnetic center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianjiao Xue
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
- Key University Laboratory of Rare Earth Chemistry of Guangdong, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - You-Song Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
- Key University Laboratory of Rare Earth Chemistry of Guangdong, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Zhiping Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
- Key University Laboratory of Rare Earth Chemistry of Guangdong, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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12
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Hand AT, Watson-Sanders BD, Xue ZL. Spectroscopic techniques to probe magnetic anisotropy and spin-phonon coupling in metal complexes. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:4390-4405. [PMID: 38380640 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03609j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Magnetism of molecular quantum materials such as single-molecule magnets (SMMs) has been actively studied for potential applications in the new generation of high-density data storage using SMMs and quantum information science. Magnetic anisotropy and spin-phonon coupling are two key properties of d- and f-metal complexes. Here, phonons refer to both intermolecular and intramolecular vibrations. Direct determination of magnetic anisotropy and experimental studies of spin-phonon coupling are critical to the understanding of molecular magnetism. This article discusses our recent approach in using three complementary techniques, far-IR and Raman magneto-spectroscopies (FIRMS and RaMS, respectively) and inelastic neutron scatterings (INS), to determine magnetic excited states. Spin-phonon couplings are observed in FIRMS and RaMS. DFT phonon calculations give energies and symmetries of phonons as well as calculated INS spectra which help identify magnetic peaks in experimental INS spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam T Hand
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA.
| | | | - Zi-Ling Xue
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA.
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13
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Liu D, Guo X, Zhang X, Al-Kahtani AA, Chibotaru LF. Building Molecular Nanomagnets by Encapsulating Lanthanide Ions in Boron Nitride Nanotubes: Ab Initio Investigation. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:3769-3780. [PMID: 38346334 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Lanthanide-based single-ion magnets have attracted much interest due to their great potential for information storage at the level of one molecule. Among various strategies to enhance magnetization blocking in such complexes, the synthesis of axially symmetric compounds is regarded as the most promising. Here, we investigate theoretically the magnetization blocking of several lanthanide ions (Tb3+, Dy3+, Ho3+, Er3+, and Tm3+) encapsulated in highly symmetric zigzag boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) of different diameters with ab initio methodology. We found that Tb3+@(7,0)BNNT, Dy3+@(7,0)BNNT, and Tm3+@(5,0)BNNT are suitable SIM candidates, while the other investigated complexes from this series show no signs of magnetization blocking owing to a hard competition between contributions to the crystal field of the lanthanide ion from neighboring and more distant atoms of the nanotube.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- School of Sciences, Great Bay University, Dongguan 523000, China
- Great Bay Institute for Advanced Study, Dongguan 523000, China
- Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Xuefeng Guo
- Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Xiaoyong Zhang
- School of Sciences, Great Bay University, Dongguan 523000, China
- Great Bay Institute for Advanced Study, Dongguan 523000, China
| | - Abdullah A Al-Kahtani
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Liviu F Chibotaru
- Theory of Nanomaterials Group, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven B-3001, Belgium
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14
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Mičová R, Bielková Z, Rajnák C, Titiš J, Moncoľ J, Bieńko A, Boča R. Magnetic properties of a europium(III) complex - possible multiplet crossover. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:1492-1496. [PMID: 38131466 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03901c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
A dinuclear complex [(H2O)Zn(LH)Eu(NO3)3] containing a hexadentate Schiff-base {N2O4}-donor ligand LH2- was prepared and characterized by X-ray structural analysis and IR, electronic and fluorescence spectroscopy. DC magnetic data show that upon heating the diamagnetic complex with the ground state Eu(III)-7F0 and Zn(II)-1S switches to paramagnetic species due to the population of 7FJ (J = 1 to 6) magnetic multiplets. The magnetic susceptibility increases from zero, passes through a maximum, and then decreases upon heating. This behaviour can be explained using a spin-orbit Hamiltonian with an axial distortion term. There is an alternative interpretation of the susceptibility data based on a two-level model similar to that used in the spin crossover theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romana Mičová
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of SS Cyril and Methodius, 917 01 Trnava, Slovakia.
| | - Zuzana Bielková
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of SS Cyril and Methodius, 917 01 Trnava, Slovakia.
| | - Cyril Rajnák
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of SS Cyril and Methodius, 917 01 Trnava, Slovakia.
| | - Ján Titiš
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of SS Cyril and Methodius, 917 01 Trnava, Slovakia.
| | - Ján Moncoľ
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, FCHPT, Slovak University of Technology, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Alina Bieńko
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, 14 F. Joliot-Curie, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Roman Boča
- Faculty of Health Science, University of SS Cyril and Methodius, 917 01 Trnava, Slovakia
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15
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Ali J, Kumar P, Chandrasekhar V. Lanthanide Phosphonates and Phosphates in Molecular Magnetism. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202300812. [PMID: 37961926 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Phosphonate and phosphate ligands have historically received less attention when compared to the widely prevalent carboxylate ligand system. Phosphonates possess multiple donating sites, often leading to the formation of larger aggregates with limited solubility. Conversely, the P-O bond within phosphates is highly susceptible to hydrolysis, resulting in the precipitation of insoluble compounds, particularly when interacting with lanthanide metal ions. However, over the past few decades, various synthetic approaches have emerged for the preparation and characterization of lanthanide complexes involving both phosphonate and phosphate ligands. Consequently, researchers have delved into exploring the magnetic properties of these complexes, such as their potential as single molecule magnets (SMMs) and their ability to exhibit a magnetocaloric effect (MCE). This review will encompass an examination of the crystal structures and magnetic characteristics of lanthanide complexes featuring phosphonate and phosphate ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junaid Ali
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Vadapalli Chandrasekhar
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, Hyderabad, 500046, India
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India
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16
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Du J, Cobb PJ, Ding J, Mills DP, Liddle ST. f-Element heavy pnictogen chemistry. Chem Sci 2023; 15:13-45. [PMID: 38131077 PMCID: PMC10732230 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05056d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The coordination and organometallic chemistry of the f-elements, that is group 3, lanthanide, and actinide ions, supported by nitrogen ligands, e.g. amides, imides, and nitrides, has become well developed over many decades. In contrast, the corresponding f-element chemisty with the heavier pnictogen analogues phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, and bismuth has remained significantly underdeveloped, due largely to a lack of suitable synthetic methodologies and also the inherent hard(f-element)-soft(heavier pnictogen) acid-base mismatch, but has begun to flourish in recent years. Here, we review complexes containing chemical bonds between the f-elements and heavy pnictogens from phosphorus to bismuth that spans five decades of endeavour. We focus on complexes whose identity has been unambiguously established by structural authentication by single-crystal X-ray diffraction with respect to their synthesis, characterisation, bonding, and reactivity, in order to provide a representative overview of this burgeoning area. By highlighting that much has been achieved but that there is still much to do this review aims to inspire, focus and guide future efforts in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhen Du
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Philip J Cobb
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Junru Ding
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - David P Mills
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Stephen T Liddle
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
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17
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Gavrikov AV, Ilyukhin AB, Taydakov IV, Metlin MT, Datskevich NP, Buzoverov ME, Babeshkin KA, Efimov NN. Novel stable ytterbium acetylacetonate-quinaldinate complexes as single-molecule magnets and surprisingly efficient luminophores. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:17911-17927. [PMID: 37982138 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03253a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
The first Yb complexes comprising a quinoline-2-carboxylate (quinaldinate, Q-) ligand, namely 1D-polymeric [Yb(acac)2(Q)]n (1, acac- is the acetylacetonate (pentane-2,4-dionate) anion) and mononuclear [Yb(acac)2(Q)(Phen)] (2, Phen is 1,10-phenanthroline), are reported. The bifunctionality of both complexes as field-induced single-molecule magnets (SMMs) and near IR luminophores has been revealed. The SMM properties of 1 and 2 have been discussed in terms of the geometry and composition of the coordination environment. Also, 1 is the first example of 1D-polymeric SMMs with the capped octahedral surrounding of Yb3+. The photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) of 1 and 2 are 2 and 4%, respectively. The origins of this difference are discussed. Surprisingly, the PLQY value of 2 is high for compounds comprising a lot of C-H vibrational quenchers, being the highest one for reliably characterized Yb β-diketonate complexes, and surpassing those for complexes with a broad range of anionic ligands. In this respect, the role of the Phen ligand is to tune the coordination mode of Q- thereby decreasing the energy of coordinating C-O oscillators rather than to act as a typical antenna ligand. These results can give rise to an alternative route to elaborate efficient Yb-based luminophores via the substitution of the β-diketonate ligands controlled by the introduction of appropriate neutral ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey V Gavrikov
- N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp. 31, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Andrey B Ilyukhin
- N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp. 31, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Ilya V Taydakov
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 53 Leninsky Prospect, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail T Metlin
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 53 Leninsky Prospect, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
- N.E. Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 2-ya Baumanskaya str. 5/1, 105005, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolay P Datskevich
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 53 Leninsky Prospect, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail E Buzoverov
- N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp. 31, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Konstantin A Babeshkin
- N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp. 31, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Nikolay N Efimov
- N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp. 31, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
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18
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Liu Y, Sun X, Chen P, Li X, Huang FP, Liu HT, Tian H. Double-stranded metallo-triangles: from anion-templated nonanuclear to cation-templated tetraicosanuclear dysprosium clusters. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:14134-14137. [PMID: 37955099 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04449a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Two double-stranded metallo-triangles, Dy9 and Dy24, with hexaple-C10H7PO32- bridges were constructed, and their magnetic properties were explored. Compared with the field-induced relaxation phenomenon of Dy9 templated with a chloride anion, Dy24 templated with a sodium cation exhibited zero-field single-molecule-magnet behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, P. R. China.
| | - Xiao Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, P. R. China.
| | - Peiqiong Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, P. R. China.
| | - Fu-Ping Huang
- Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, P. R. China.
| | - Hou-Ting Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, P. R. China.
| | - Haiquan Tian
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, P. R. China.
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19
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Zabala-Lekuona A, Landart-Gereka A, Quesada-Moreno MM, Mota AJ, Díaz-Ortega IF, Nojiri H, Krzystek J, Seco JM, Colacio E. Zero-Field SMM Behavior Triggered by Magnetic Exchange Interactions and a Collinear Arrangement of Local Anisotropy Axes in a Linear Co 3II Complex. Inorg Chem 2023. [PMID: 37991724 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
A new linear trinuclear Co(II)3 complex with a formula of [{Co(μ-L)}2Co] has been prepared by self-assembly of Co(II) ions and the N3O3-tripodal Schiff base ligand H3L, which is obtained from the condensation of 1,1,1-tris(aminomethyl)ethane and salicylaldehyde. Single X-ray diffraction shows that this compound is centrosymmetric with triple-phenolate bridging groups connecting neighboring Co(II) ions, leading to a paddle-wheel-like structure with a pseudo-C3 axis lying in the Co-Co-Co direction. The Co(II) ions at both ends of the Co(II)3 molecule exhibit distorted trigonal prismatic CoN3O3 geometry, whereas the Co(II) at the middle presents an elongated trigonal antiprismatic CoO6 geometry. The combined analysis of the magnetic data and theoretical calculations reveal strong easy-axis magnetic anisotropy for both types of Co(II) ions (|D| values higher than 115 cm-1) with the local anisotropic axes lying on the pseudo-C3 axis of the molecule. The magnetic exchange interaction between the middle and ends Co(II) ions, extracted by using either a Hamiltonian accounting for the isotropic magnetic coupling and ZFS or the Lines' model, was found to be medium to strong and antiferromagnetic in nature, whereas the interaction between the external Co(II) ions is weak antiferromagnetic. Interestingly, the compound exhibits slow relaxation of magnetization and open hysteresis at zero field and therefore SMM behavior. The significant magnetic exchange coupling found for [{Co(μ-L)}2Co] is mainly responsible for the quenching of QTM, which combined with the easy-axis local anisotropy of the CoII ions and the collinearity of their local anisotropy axes with the pseudo-C3 axis favors the observation of SMM behavior at zero field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andoni Zabala-Lekuona
- Departamento de Química Aplicada, Facultad de Química, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Aritz Landart-Gereka
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - María Mar Quesada-Moreno
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio J Mota
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Ismael F Díaz-Ortega
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Katahira, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nojiri
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Katahira, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Jurek Krzystek
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - José M Seco
- Departamento de Química Aplicada, Facultad de Química, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Enrique Colacio
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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20
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Dey A, Ali J, Moorthy S, Gonzalez JF, Pointillart F, Singh SK, Chandrasekhar V. Field induced single ion magnet behavior in Co II complexes in a distorted square pyramidal geometry. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:14807-14821. [PMID: 37791680 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt01769a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
We report three CoII-based complexes with the general formula [CoII(L)(X)2] by changing the halide/pseudo-halide ions [X = NCSe (1SeCN); Cl (2Cl) and Br (3Br)]. The obtained τ5 and CShM values confirm a distorted square pyramidal geometry around the CoII ion in all these complexes. In these three complexes, the central CoII ion is situated above the basal plane of the square pyramidal geometry. The extent of distortion from the ideal SPY-5 geometry differs upon changing the coordinating halide/pseudo-halide ion in these complexes. This essentially results in the alteration of the anisotropic parameter D and hence impacts the magnetic properties in these complexes. This phenomenon has been corroborated with the aid of theoretical investigations. All these complexes display field-induced SIM behaviour with magnetic relaxation occurring through a combination of processes depending on the applied dc magnetic field values and dilution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atanu Dey
- Department of Chemistry, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (GITAM), NH 207, Nagadenehalli, Doddaballapur Taluk, Bengaluru 561203, India.
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, Hyderabad, 500 046, India.
| | - Junaid Ali
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, Hyderabad, 500 046, India.
| | - Shruti Moorthy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, 502285, Telangana, India.
| | - Jessica Flores Gonzalez
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, 35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Fabrice Pointillart
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, 35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Saurabh Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, 502285, Telangana, India.
| | - Vadapalli Chandrasekhar
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, Hyderabad, 500 046, India.
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India
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21
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Wang M, Han Z, Gou X, Shi W, Zhang YQ, Cheng P. Alkyl Chains Modulated Magnetization Dynamics of Mononuclear Trigonal Prismatic Co II Complexes. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301693. [PMID: 37498805 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Four benzeneboron-capped mononuclear CoII complexes with different alkyl substitutions on the fourth position of phenylboronic acid were obtained. The CoII ions are all wrapped by the pocket-like ligands and located in trigonal prismatic coordination geometries. Alternating-current magnetic susceptibility measurements reveal that they show different magnetization dynamics, such as distinct relaxation rates at the same temperature, the faster QTM rates for the ethyl and propyl substituted complexes, as well as different relaxation processes. Magneto-structural correlation study reveals that the various deviations of coordination geometry of CoII ion, diverse crystal packings and possible different vibration modes of substituents caused by modifying alkyl chains are the key factors affecting the magnetization dynamics. This work demonstrates that the alkyl chains even locating far away from the metal center can have a large impact on the magnetic behavior of the CoII complex with a very rigid coordination geometry, offering a new perspective towards transition metal based single-molecule magnets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (MOE) and Frontiers Science Center for New Organic MatterCollege of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zongsu Han
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (MOE) and Frontiers Science Center for New Organic MatterCollege of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Gou
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (MOE) and Frontiers Science Center for New Organic MatterCollege of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (MOE) and Frontiers Science Center for New Organic MatterCollege of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yi-Quan Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (MOE) and Frontiers Science Center for New Organic MatterCollege of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300192, China
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22
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Wydra K, Kinzhybalo V, Lisowski J. Solid state structures and solution behaviour of tetranuclear lanthanide(III) carbonate-bridged coordination compounds of chiral 3 + 3 amine macrocycle. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:11992-12001. [PMID: 37580960 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt01948a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
The linking of two dinuclear macrocyclic units of large triphenolic hexaazamine by two carbonate anions results in the formation of dimeric tetranuclear Sm(III), Eu(III) and Gd(III) complexes. These complexes were initially obtained serendipitously by fixation of atmospheric carbon dioxide and subsequently obtained in a rational way by the application of carbonate salts. The X-ray crystal structures of these isomorphic complexes show highly folded conformation of the macrocycle. This type of conformation is also confirmed by 2D NMR spectra of the Sm(III) complex. The ESI-MS and NMR spectra reveal also that these carbonate complexes exist in solution in two different forms that are in a concentration-dependent dynamic equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Wydra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Vasyl Kinzhybalo
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okólna 2, 50-422 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jerzy Lisowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
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23
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Yang QQ, Wang YF, Wang YX, Tang MJ, Yin B. Ab initio prediction of key parameters and magneto-structural correlation of tetracoordinated lanthanide single-ion magnets. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023. [PMID: 37401358 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp01766d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Single-molecule magnets (SMMs) have great potential in becoming revolutionary materials for micro-electronic devices. As one type of SMM and holding the performance record, lanthanide single-ion magnets (Ln-SIMs) stand at the forefront of the family. Lowering the coordination number (CN) is an important strategy to improve the performance of Ln-SIMs. Here, we report a theoretical study on a typical group of low-CN Ln-SIMs, i.e., tetracoordinated structures. Our results are consistent with those of experiments and they identify the same three best Ln-SIMs via a concise criterion, i.e., the co-existence of long τQTM and high Ueff. Compared to the record-holding dysprosocenium systems, the best SIMs here possess τQTM values that are shorter by several orders of magnitude and Ueff values that are lower by ∼1000 Kelvin (K). These are important reasons for the fact that the tetracoordinated Ln-SIMs are clearly inferior to dysprosocenium. A simple but intuitive crystal-field analysis leads to several routes to improve the performance of a given Ln-SIM, including compression of the axial bond length, widening the axial bond angle, elongation of the equatorial bond length and usage of weaker equatorial donor ligands. Although these routes are not brand-new, the most efficient option and the degree of improvement resulting from it are not known in advance. Consequently, a theoretical magneto-structural study, covering various routes, is carried out for the best Ln-SIM here and the most efficient route is shown to be widening the axial ∠O-Dy-O angle. The most optimistic case, having a ∠O-Dy-O of 180°, could have a τQTM (up to 103 s) and Ueff (∼2400 K) close to those of the record-holders. Subsequently, a blocking temperature (TB) of 64 K is predicted to be possible for it. A more practical case, with ∠O-Dy-O being 160°, could have a τQTM of up to 400 s, Ueff of around 2200 K and the possibility of a TB of 57 K. Although having an inherent precision limit, these predictions provide a guide to performance improvement, starting from an existing system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Qi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, Lab of Theoretical Molecular Magnetism (LTMM), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China.
| | - Yu-Fei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, Lab of Theoretical Molecular Magnetism (LTMM), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China.
| | - Yu-Xi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, Lab of Theoretical Molecular Magnetism (LTMM), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China.
| | - Ming-Jing Tang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, Lab of Theoretical Molecular Magnetism (LTMM), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China.
| | - Bing Yin
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, Lab of Theoretical Molecular Magnetism (LTMM), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China.
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24
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Zhang L, Kozhevnikov A, Schulthess T, Trickey SB, Cheng HP. All-electron APW+lo calculation of magnetic molecules with the SIRIUS domain-specific package. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:234801. [PMID: 37326162 DOI: 10.1063/5.0139497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We report APW+lo (augmented plane wave plus local orbital) density functional theory (DFT) calculations of large molecular systems using the domain specific SIRIUS multi-functional DFT package. The APW and FLAPW (full potential linearized APW) task and data parallelism options and the advanced eigen-system solver provided by SIRIUS can be exploited for performance gains in ground state Kohn-Sham calculations on large systems. This approach is distinct from our prior use of SIRIUS as a library backend to another APW+lo or FLAPW code. We benchmark the code and demonstrate performance on several magnetic molecule and metal organic framework systems. We show that the SIRIUS package in itself is capable of handling systems as large as a several hundred atoms in the unit cell without having to make technical choices that result in the loss of accuracy with respect to that needed for the study of magnetic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhang
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
- Quantum Theory Project, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
- Center for Molecular Magnetic Quantum Materials, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | | | | | - S B Trickey
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
- Quantum Theory Project, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
- Center for Molecular Magnetic Quantum Materials, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Hai-Ping Cheng
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
- Quantum Theory Project, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
- Center for Molecular Magnetic Quantum Materials, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
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25
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Borah A, Dey S, Gupta SK, Rajaraman G, Murugavel R. Field-induced SIM behaviour in early lanthanide(III) organophosphates containing 18-crown-6. Dalton Trans 2023. [PMID: 37317701 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt01206a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Single-ion magnets (SIMs) have attracted wide attention in recent years. Despite tremendous progress in late lanthanide SIMs, reports on early lanthanides exhibiting SIM characteristics are scarce. A series of five novel 18-crown-6 encapsulated mononuclear early lanthanide(III) organophosphates, [{(18-crown-6)Ln(dippH)3}{(18-crown-6)Ln(dippH)2(dippH2)}]·[I3] [Ln = Ce (1), Pr (2), Nd (3)] and [{Ln(18-crown-6)(dippH)2(H2O)}·{I3}] [Ln = Sm (4) and Eu (5)], have been synthesised in the present study. 18-crown-6 coordinates to Ln(III) ions in an equatorial position while the axial positions are occupied by either three phosphate moieties as in 1-3 or two phosphate moieties and one water molecule as in 4 and 5, resulting in a muffin-shaped coordination geometry around the Ln(III) centres. Magnetic susceptibility measurements reveal that Ce and Nd complexes are field-induced single-ion magnets with significant barrier heights. Furthermore, the ab initio CASSCF/RASSI-SO/SINGLE_ANISO calculations on complexes 1 and 3 reveal significant QTM in the ground state rationalising the field-induced single-ion magnetism behaviour of these complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Borah
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Powai, Mumbai, India.
| | - Sourav Dey
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Powai, Mumbai, India.
| | - Sandeep K Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Powai, Mumbai, India.
| | - Gopalan Rajaraman
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Powai, Mumbai, India.
| | - Ramaswamy Murugavel
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Powai, Mumbai, India.
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26
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A near-linear lanthanide complex that displays magnet-like behaviour. Nat Chem 2023:10.1038/s41557-023-01269-z. [PMID: 37316566 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01269-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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27
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Hossack C, Abdul F, Cahill C, Besson C. Tuning the optical and magnetic properties of lanthanide single-ion magnets using nitro-functionalized trispyrazolylborate ligands. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:7336-7351. [PMID: 37183775 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt01018j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis, crystal structures, photophysical and magnetic properties of 11 novel lanthanide complexes with the asymmetrically functionalized trispyrazolylborate ligand 4-nitrotrispyrazolylborate, 4-NO2Tp-: [Ln(4-NO2Tp)3] (Ln = La-Dy, except Pm). In-depth photophysical characterization of the ligands via luminescence, reflectance and absorption spectroscopic techniques, decay lifetimes, quantum yields supported by time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) and natural bond order (NBO) analysis reveal that n-NO2Tp- ligands are dominated by intra-ligand charge transfer (ILCT) transitions and that second-sphere interactions are critical to the stabilization of the T1 state of n-NO2Tp- ligands and hence their ability to sensitize Ln3+ emission. The luminescence properties of the complexes indicate that 4-NO2Tp- is a poor sensitizer of Ln3+ emission, unlike 3-NO2Tp-. Moreover, [Nd(4-NO2Tp)3] (crystallized as a hexane solvate) displays single-molecule magnet (SMM) properties, with longer relaxation times and larger barrier than the non-functionalized [NdTp3], attributed to the addition of the NO2-group and subsequent rigidification of the molecular structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Hossack
- Department of Chemistry, The George Washington University, 800 22nd Street, NW, Washington, D.C. 20052, USA.
| | - Folasade Abdul
- Department of Chemistry, The George Washington University, 800 22nd Street, NW, Washington, D.C. 20052, USA.
| | - Christopher Cahill
- Department of Chemistry, The George Washington University, 800 22nd Street, NW, Washington, D.C. 20052, USA.
| | - Claire Besson
- Department of Chemistry, The George Washington University, 800 22nd Street, NW, Washington, D.C. 20052, USA.
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28
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Roseiro P, Yalouz S, Brook DJR, Ben Amor N, Robert V. Modifications of Tanabe-Sugano d6 Diagram Induced by Radical Ligand Field: Ab Initio Inspection of a Fe(II)-Verdazyl Molecular Complex. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:5737-5743. [PMID: 36971364 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Quantum entanglement between the spin states of a metal center and radical ligands is suggested in an iron(II) [Fe(dipyvd)2]2+ compound (dipyvd = 1-isopropyl-3,5-dipyridil-6-oxoverdazyl). Wave function ab initio (Difference Dedicated Configuration Interaction, DDCI) inspections were carried out to stress the versatility of local spin states. We named this phenomenon excited state spinmerism, in reference to our previous work (see Roseiro et al., ChemPhysChem 2022, e202200478) where we introduced the concept of spinmerism as an extension of mesomerism to spin degrees of freedom. The construction of localized molecular orbitals allows for a reading of the wave functions and projections onto the local spin states. The low-energy spectrum is well-depicted by a Heisenberg picture. A 60 cm-1 ferromagnetic interaction is calculated between the radical ligands with the Stotal = 0 and 1 states largely dominated by a local low-spin SFe = 0. In contrast, the higher-lying Stotal = 2 states are superpositions of the local SFe = 1 (17%, 62%) and SFe = 2 (72%, 21%) spin states. Such mixing extends the traditional picture of a high-field d6 Tanabe-Sugano diagram. Even in the absence of spin-orbit coupling, the avoided crossing between different local spin states is triggered by the field generated by radical ligands. This puzzling scenario emerges from versatile local spin states in compounds which extend the traditional views in molecular magnetism.
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29
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Curcella A, Sblendorio D, Rusponi S, Pivetta M, Patthey F, Brune H. Valence Orbitals Driving the Spin Dynamics in a Rare-Earth Single-Atom Magnet. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:106702. [PMID: 36962040 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.106702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We combine spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy with quantum master equation analysis to investigate the spin dynamics of the single atom magnet Dy on graphene/Ir(111). By performing reading and writing experiments, we show that the strongly spin polarized 5d6s valence shells, as well as their intra-atomic exchange coupling to the 4f shell, determine the pathways for magnetization relaxation and thus the spin dynamics. The good quantum number that determines which states are stable and which mechanisms for reversal exist in a given crystal field is the atomic total angular momentum J_{z}^{tot} and not the commonly considered J_{z}^{4f} of the 4f shell only.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Curcella
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - D Sblendorio
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Rusponi
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Pivetta
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - F Patthey
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - H Brune
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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30
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Kalita P, Ahmed N, Moorthy S, Béreau V, Bar AK, Kumar P, Nayak P, Sutter JP, Singh SK, Chandrasekhar V. Slow magnetic relaxation in a homoaxially phosphine oxide coordinated pentagonal bipyramidal Dy(III) complex. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:2804-2815. [PMID: 36752179 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt03789k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of [(L)DyIII(Cy3PO)2]·[BPh4] (1-Dy) (where H2L = 2,6-diacetylpyridine bis-benzoylhydrazone and Cy = cyclohexyl) which crystallized in the triclinic, P1̄ space group. The local geometry around Dy(III) in 1-Dy was found to be pentagonal bipyramidal (pseudo-D5h). The AC magnetic susceptibility measurements performed on 1-Dy and on its diluted 1-Y(Dy) samples showed a typical single-molecule magnet signature revealed by the appearance of AC-frequency dependent out-of-phase susceptibility signals in the absence of a static magnetic field. The out-of-phase AC susceptibility signals were well resolved on the application of a small magnetic field (HDC = 500 Oe) and yielded an energy barrier for magnetization flipping of Ueff/kB = 50 K for the diluted derivative. The magnetic studies on 1-Dy and 1-Y(Dy) and data analysis further confirm that Raman and QTM under-barrier magnetic relaxations play a crucial role in lowering Ueff despite the almost axial nature of the Dy(III) ion in 1-Dy. We have rationalized these observations through detailed ab initio calculations performed on the X-ray crystal structure of 1-Dy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Kalita
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, 36/P, Gopanpally Village, Serilingampally Mandal, Ranga Reddy District, Hyderabad 500046, India.
| | - Naushad Ahmed
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, 36/P, Gopanpally Village, Serilingampally Mandal, Ranga Reddy District, Hyderabad 500046, India.
| | - Shruti Moorthy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, 502284, Telangana, India.
| | - Virginie Béreau
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France. .,Université de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire de Technologie Paul Sabatier-Département de Chimie, Av. Georges Pompidou, F-81104 Castres, France
| | - Arun Kumar Bar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 501507, India
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, IIT Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Prakash Nayak
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Bhubaneswar 752050, India
| | - Jean-Pascal Sutter
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France.
| | - Saurabh Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, 502284, Telangana, India.
| | - Vadapalli Chandrasekhar
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, 36/P, Gopanpally Village, Serilingampally Mandal, Ranga Reddy District, Hyderabad 500046, India. .,Department of Chemistry, IIT Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
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31
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Guo Y, Liu K, Qin Y, Wu Q, Hu K, Mei L, Chai Z, Liu X, Yu J, Shi W. Role of molecular symmetry in the magnetic relaxation dynamics of five-coordinate Dy(III) complexes. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:2703-2711. [PMID: 36748623 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt00095h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A new family of low-coordinate mononuclear DyIII single-molecule magnets [(TrapenTMS)Dy(LB)] (Trapen = tris(2-aminobenzyl)amine; TMS = SiMe3; LB = THF 1, pyridine 2, ONMe33) has been synthesized and structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The five-coordinate DyIII ions exhibit distorted triangular bipyramidal geometries, among the different neutral ligands LB on the apex and the same TrapenTMS ligand, making the pyramid base of the trigonal bipyramid. Magnetic data analysis reveals that 1-3 are characteristic of SMM behaviors without a dc field, accompanying an unambiguous quantum tunneling of magnetization. Under an extra dc field of 500 Oe, field-induced slow magnetic relaxation behaviors occur with Raman and/or QTM processes. Ab initio calculations were also performed to rationalize the observed discrepancy in the magnetic behaviors, and the result illustrates that the SMM behavior could be effectively manipulated by the axial symmetry of the triangular bipyramidal DyIII motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Guo
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. .,State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China.
| | - Kang Liu
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China.
| | - Qunyan Wu
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Kongqiu Hu
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Lei Mei
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Zhifang Chai
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Xiangyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China.
| | - Jipan Yu
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Weiqun Shi
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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32
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Effect of the Solvent on the Crystallographic and Magnetic Properties of Rhenium(IV) Complexes Based on 2,2′-Bipyrimidine Ligand. INORGANICS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics11020078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Two solvated rhenium(IV) complexes with formula [ReCl4(bpym)]·MeCN (1) and [ReCl4(bpym)]·CH3COOH·H2O (2) (bpym = 2,2′-bipyrimidine) have been prepared and characterized by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT–IR), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM–EDX), single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) and SQUID magnetometer. 1 and 2 crystallize in the monoclinic system with space groups P21/n and P21/c, respectively. In both compounds, the Re(IV) ion is six-coordinate and bound to four chloride ions and two nitrogen atoms of a 2,2′-bipyrimidine molecule forming a distorted octahedral geometry around the metal ion. In the crystal packing of 1 and 2, intermolecular halogen⋯halogen and π⋯halogen-type interactions are present. Hydrogen bonds take place only in the crystal structure of 2. Both compounds exhibit a similar crystal framework based on halogen bonds. Variable temperature dc magnetic susceptibility measurements performed on microcrystalline samples of 1 and 2 show a similar magnetic behavior for both compounds, with antiferromagnetic exchange between the Re(IV) ions connected mainly through intermolecular Re-Cl⋯Cl-Re interactions.
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33
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Pramanik K, Jagličić Z, Herchel R, Brandão P, Jana NC, Panja A. Combined experimental and theoretical studies on a series of mononuclear Ln III single-molecule magnets: dramatic influence of remote substitution on the magnetic dynamics in Dy analogues. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:1241-1256. [PMID: 36606746 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt03354b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A series of LnIII complexes of general formula [Ln(H2L1)2(NO3)2(H2O)](NO3) (1-5) [Ln = Dy (1), Tb (2) Ho (3), Er (4), and Yb (5)] and an analogous DyIII complex with ligand H2L2, [Dy(H2L2)2(NO3)3(H2O)](NO3) (6), where H2L1 and H2L2 stand for (E)-2-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)iminomethyl]-6-methoxy-4-methylphenol and (E)-2-[(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)iminomethyl]-6-methoxy-4-methylphenol, respectively, have been synthesized and magneto-structurally characterized. All these complexes are isostructural and isomorphous, in which the zwitterionic form of the ligands predominantly coordinate the metal centers. The magnetic study revealed that complex 3 displays negligible SMM behaviour, while 1 and 6 are zero field SMMs, the performance of which can largely be improved in the presence of an applied dc field by lowering under barrier relaxation processes, and finally 2, 4, and 5 are field-induced SMMs. The most remarkable observation in the present study is the dramatically-enhanced SMM performance in 6 compared to 1, achieved by only a remote methyl substitution at the ligand framework to increase the intermolecular separation. Although SINGLE_ANISO ab initio calculations for 1 and 6 are very similar, the POLY_ANISO module revealed weak dipolar interactions in both the compounds but significant antiferromagnetic interaction in 1, thereby justifying the experimental fact. The present work discloses that even a small substitution such as a methyl group can adequately increase the intermolecular separation, leading to several-fold enhanced effective energy barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuheli Pramanik
- Department of Chemistry, Gokhale Memorial Girls' College, 1/1 Harish Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700020, India. .,Department of Chemistry, Panskura Banamali College, Panskura RS, WB 721152, India
| | - Zvonko Jagličić
- Institute of Mathematics, Physics and Mechanics & Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Jadranska 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Radovan Herchel
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17. listopadu 12, 77146 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Paula Brandão
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Narayan Ch Jana
- Department of Chemistry, Panskura Banamali College, Panskura RS, WB 721152, India
| | - Anangamohan Panja
- Department of Chemistry, Gokhale Memorial Girls' College, 1/1 Harish Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700020, India. .,Department of Chemistry, Panskura Banamali College, Panskura RS, WB 721152, India
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34
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Landart-Gereka A, Quesada-Moreno MM, Palacios MA, Díaz-Ortega IF, Nojiri H, Ozerov M, Krzystek J, Colacio E. Pushing up the easy-axis magnetic anisotropy and relaxation times in trigonal prismatic Co II mononuclear SMMs by molecular structure design. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:952-955. [PMID: 36597978 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06012d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The replacement of pyridine by 1-methyl-imidazol in the arms of a N6-tripodal ligand allows preparing two new CoII complexes with quasi-ideal triangular prismatic geometry, which behave as SIMs (Single Ion Magnets) at zero dc field with enhanced axial magnetic anisotropy, magnetic relaxation times and magnetic hysteresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aritz Landart-Gereka
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - María Mar Quesada-Moreno
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - María A Palacios
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Ismael F Díaz-Ortega
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Katahira, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan.,Departamento de Química y Física-CIESOL, Universidad de Almería, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Hiroyuki Nojiri
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Katahira, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Mykhaylo Ozerov
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
| | - J Krzystek
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
| | - Enrique Colacio
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
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35
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Vincent A, Whyatt YL, Chilton NF, Long JR. Strong Axiality in a Dysprosium(III) Bis(borolide) Complex Leads to Magnetic Blocking at 65 K. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:1572-1579. [PMID: 36629382 PMCID: PMC9923674 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Substituted dysprosocenium complexes of the type [Dy(CpR)2]+ exhibit slow magnetic relaxation at cryogenic temperatures and have emerged as top-performing single-molecule magnets. The remarkable properties of these compounds derive in part from the strong axial ligand field afforded by the cyclopentadiene anions, and the design of analogous compounds with even stronger ligand fields is one promising route toward identifying new single-molecule magnets that retain a magnetic memory at even higher temperatures. Here, we report the synthesis and characterization of a dysprosium bis(borolide) compound, [K(18-crown-6)][Dy(BC4Ph5)2] (1), featuring the dysprosocenate anion [Dy(BC4Ph5)2]- with a pseudoaxial coordination environment afforded by two dianionic pentaphenyl borolide ligands. Variable-field magnetization data reveal open magnetic hysteresis up to 66 K, establishing 1 as a top-performing single-molecule magnet among its dysprosocenium analogues. Ac magnetic susceptibility data indicate that 1 relaxes via an Orbach mechanism above ∼80 K with Ueff = 1500(100) cm-1 and τ0 = 10-12.0(9) s, whereas Raman relaxation and quantum tunneling of the magnetization dominate at lower temperatures. Compound 1 exhibits a 100 s blocking temperature of 65 K, among the highest reported for dysprosium-based single-molecule magnets. Ab initio spin dynamics calculations support the experimental Ueff and τ0 values and enable a quantitative comparison of the relaxation dynamics of 1 and two representative dysprosocenium cations, yielding additional insights into the impact of the crystal field splitting and vibronic coupling on the observed relaxation behavior. Importantly, compound 1 represents a step toward the development of alternatives to substituted dysprosocenium single-molecule magnets with increased axiality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre
H. Vincent
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Berkeley, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Yasmin L. Whyatt
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, ManchesterM13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Nicholas F. Chilton
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, ManchesterM13 9PL, U.K.,
| | - Jeffrey R. Long
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Berkeley, Berkeley, California94720, United States,Department
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California94720, United States,Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California94720, United States,
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36
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Macek L, Bellamy JC, Faber K, Milson CR, Landee CP, Dickie DA, Turnbull MM. Transition metal halide complexes of 4′-aminoacetophenone: Syntheses, structures, and magnetic behavior. Polyhedron 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2022.116214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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37
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Liu K, Guo Y, Yu J, Shi W. Research Progress of Actinide Single Molecule Magnets. ACTA CHIMICA SINICA 2023. [DOI: 10.6023/a22110471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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38
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Synthesis, Luminescence and magnetic properties of dinuclear complexes based on a “pincer” Schiff base and different β-diketonate ligands. Polyhedron 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2023.116298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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39
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Domański M, van Leusen J, Metzelaars M, Kögerler P, Grochala W. Ag(II) as Spin Super-Polarizer in Molecular Spin Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:9618-9626. [PMID: 36521028 PMCID: PMC9806831 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c06032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Using quantum mechanical calculations, we examine magnetic (super)exchange interactions in hypothetical, chemically reasonable molecular coordination clusters containing fluoride-bridged late transition metals or selected lanthanides, as well as Ag(II). By referencing to analogous species comprising closed-shell Cd(II), we provide theoretical evidence that the presence of Ag(II) may modify the magnetic properties of such systems (including metal-metal superexchange) to a surprising degree, specifically both coupling sign and strength may markedly change. Remarkably, this happens in spite of the fact that the fluoride ligand is the least susceptible to spin polarization among all monoatomic ligands known in chemistry. In an extreme case of an oxo-bridged Ni(II)2 complex, the presence of Ag(II) leads to a nearly 17-fold increase of magnetic superexchange and switching from antiferro (AFM)- to ferromagnetic (FM) coupling. Ag(II)─with one hole in its d shell that may be shared with or transferred to ligands─effectively acts as spin super-polarizer, and this feature could be exploited in spintronics and diverse molecular devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Domański
- Center
of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 93, 02089Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jan van Leusen
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie, RWTH Aachen
University, 52056Aachen, Germany
| | - Marvin Metzelaars
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie, RWTH Aachen
University, 52056Aachen, Germany
| | - Paul Kögerler
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie, RWTH Aachen
University, 52056Aachen, Germany,
| | - Wojciech Grochala
- Center
of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 93, 02089Warsaw, Poland,
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40
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Shao D, Sahu PP, Tang WJ, Zhang YL, Zhou Y, Xu FX, Wei XQ, Tian Z, Singh SK, Wang XY. A single-ion magnet building block strategy toward Dy 2 single-molecule magnets with enhanced magnetic performance. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:18610-18621. [PMID: 36448324 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt03046b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A molecular dysprosium(III) complex [Dy(DClQ)3(H2O)2] (1) was used as a building unit for the construction of lanthanide SMMs, leading to the isolation of two dinuclear Dy(III) complexes, namely [Dy2(DClQ)6(MeOH)2] (2) and [Dy2(DClQ)6(bpmo)2]·6MeCN (3) (DClQ = 5,7-dichloro-8-hydroxyquinoline, bpmo = 4,4'-dipyridine-oxide). Structural analyses revealed the same N3O5 coordination environment of the Dy(III) centers with a distorted biaugmented trigonal prism (C2V symmetry) and triangular dodecahedron (D2d symmetry) for 2 and 3, respectively. Magnetic studies revealed the presence of ferromagnetic and weak antiferromagnetic exchange interactions between the Dy3+ centers in 2 and 3, respectively. Interestingly, slow relaxation of magnetization at zero fields was evidenced with an Ueff of 51.4 K and 159.0 K for complexes 2 and 3, respectively. The detailed analysis of relaxation dynamics discloses that the Orbach process is dominant for 2 whereas Raman and QTM play an important role in 3. Theoretical calculations were carried out to provide insight into the magnetic exchange interactions and relaxation dynamics for the complexes. Due to a single-ion magnet (SIM) of 1, the foregoing results demonstrate a SIM modular synthetic route for the preparation of dinuclear lanthanide SMMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Shao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Prem Prakash Sahu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi-502285, Sangareddy, Telangana, India.
| | - Wan-Jie Tang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, P. R. China
| | - Yang-Lu Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, P. R. China
| | - Fang-Xue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Xiao-Qin Wei
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Shanxi Province Collaborative Innovation Center for Light Materials Modification and Application, Jinzhong University, Jinzhong, 030619, P. R. China
| | - Zhengfang Tian
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, P. R. China
| | - Saurabh Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi-502285, Sangareddy, Telangana, India.
| | - Xin-Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China.
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41
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Duan Y, Rosaleny LE, Coutinho JT, Giménez-Santamarina S, Scheie A, Baldoví JJ, Cardona-Serra S, Gaita-Ariño A. Data-driven design of molecular nanomagnets. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7626. [PMID: 36494346 PMCID: PMC9734471 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35336-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Three decades of research in molecular nanomagnets have raised their magnetic memories from liquid helium to liquid nitrogen temperature thanks to a wise choice of the magnetic ion and coordination environment. Still, serendipity and chemical intuition played a main role. In order to establish a powerful framework for statistically driven chemical design, here we collected chemical and physical data for lanthanide-based nanomagnets, catalogued over 1400 published experiments, developed an interactive dashboard (SIMDAVIS) to visualise the dataset, and applied inferential statistical analysis. Our analysis shows that the Arrhenius energy barrier correlates unexpectedly well with the magnetic memory. Furthermore, as both Orbach and Raman processes can be affected by vibronic coupling, chemical design of the coordination scheme may be used to reduce the relaxation rates. Indeed, only bis-phthalocyaninato sandwiches and metallocenes, with rigid ligands, consistently present magnetic memory up to high temperature. Analysing magnetostructural correlations, we offer promising strategies for improvement, in particular for the preparation of pentagonal bipyramids, where even softer complexes are protected against molecular vibrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Duan
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat de València, C/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980, Paterna, Spain
- Spin-X Institute, South China University of Technology, 510641, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lorena E Rosaleny
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat de València, C/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980, Paterna, Spain.
| | - Joana T Coutinho
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat de València, C/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980, Paterna, Spain.
- Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2430-028, Marinha Grande, Portugal.
| | - Silvia Giménez-Santamarina
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat de València, C/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| | - Allen Scheie
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - José J Baldoví
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat de València, C/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| | - Salvador Cardona-Serra
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat de València, C/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| | - Alejandro Gaita-Ariño
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat de València, C/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980, Paterna, Spain.
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42
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Structures and magnetic relaxation properties of cyclopentadienyl/β-diketonate/trispyrazolylborate hybridized dysprosium single-molecule magnets. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.108055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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43
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Lunghi A, Sanvito S. Computational design of magnetic molecules and their environment using quantum chemistry, machine learning and multiscale simulations. Nat Rev Chem 2022; 6:761-781. [PMID: 37118096 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-022-00424-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Having served as a playground for fundamental studies on the physics of d and f electrons for almost a century, magnetic molecules are now becoming increasingly important for technological applications, such as magnetic resonance, data storage, spintronics and quantum information. All of these applications require the preservation and control of spins in time, an ability hampered by the interaction with the environment, namely with other spins, conduction electrons, molecular vibrations and electromagnetic fields. Thus, the design of a novel magnetic molecule with tailored properties is a formidable task, which does not only concern its electronic structures but also calls for a deep understanding of the interaction among all the degrees of freedom at play. This Review describes how state-of-the-art ab initio computational methods, combined with data-driven approaches to materials modelling, can be integrated into a fully multiscale strategy capable of defining design rules for magnetic molecules.
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44
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Zhang C, Cheng L. Route to Chemical Accuracy for Computational Uranium Thermochemistry. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:6732-6741. [PMID: 36206308 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Benchmark spinor-based relativistic coupled-cluster calculations for the ionization energies of the uranium atom, the uranium monoxide molecule (UO), and the uranium dioxide molecule (UO2) and for the bond dissociation energies of UO and UO2 are reported. The accuracy of these calculations in the treatments of relativistic, electron-correlation, and basis-set effects is analyzed. The intrinsic convergence of the computed results and the favorable comparison with the experimental values demonstrate the unique applicability of the spinor representation of quantum-chemical methods to open-shell uranium-containing atomic and molecular species with uranium oxidation states ranging from U(0) to U(V).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Lan Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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45
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Duan YY, Wu DF, Chen HH, Wang YJ, Li L, Gao HL, Cui JZ. New dinuclear lanthanide complexes derived from Schiff base ligand and β-diketonate co-ligand: Synthesis, crystal structures, luminescent and magnetic properties. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2022.116070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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46
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Dhingra A, Hu X, Borunda MF, Johnson JF, Binek C, Bird J, N'Diaye AT, Sutter JP, Delahaye E, Switzer ED, Barco ED, Rahman TS, Dowben PA. Molecular transistors as substitutes for quantum information applications. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:441501. [PMID: 35998608 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac8c11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Applications of quantum information science (QIS) generally rely on the generation and manipulation of qubits. Still, there are ways to envision a device with a continuous readout, but without the entangled states. This concise perspective includes a discussion on an alternative to the qubit, namely the solid-state version of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer, in which the local moments and spin polarization replace light polarization. In this context, we provide some insights into the mathematics that dictates the fundamental working principles of quantum information processes that involve molecular systems with large magnetic anisotropy. Transistors based on such systems lead to the possibility of fabricating logic gates that do not require entangled states. Furthermore, some novel approaches, worthy of some consideration, exist to address the issues pertaining to the scalability of quantum devices, but face the challenge of finding the suitable materials for desired functionality that resemble what is sought from QIS devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archit Dhingra
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0299, United States of America
| | - Xuedong Hu
- Department of Physics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14260-1500, United States of America
| | - Mario F Borunda
- Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, United States of America
| | - Joseph F Johnson
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, Villanova University, 800 E. Lancaster Ave., Villanova, PA 19085, United States of America
| | - Christian Binek
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0299, United States of America
- Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0299, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Bird
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260-1900, United States of America
| | - Alpha T N'Diaye
- Advanced Light Source (ALS, BL631), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States of America
| | - Jean-Pascal Sutter
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS (LCC-CNRS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, F-31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Emilie Delahaye
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS (LCC-CNRS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, F-31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Eric D Switzer
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, United States of America
| | - Enrique Del Barco
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, United States of America
| | - Talat S Rahman
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, United States of America
| | - Peter A Dowben
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0299, United States of America
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47
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Li XL, Zhao L, Wu J, Shi W, Struch N, Lützen A, Powell AK, Cheng P, Tang J. Subcomponent self-assembly of circular helical Dy 6(L) 6 and bipyramid Dy 12(L) 8 architectures directed via second-order template effects. Chem Sci 2022; 13:10048-10056. [PMID: 36128245 PMCID: PMC9430530 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03156f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In situ metal-templated (hydrazone) condensation also called subcomponent self-assembly of 4,6-dihydrazino-pyrimidine, o-vanillin and dysprosium ions resulted in the formation of discrete hexa- or dodecanuclear metallosupramolecular Dy6(L)6 or Dy12(L)8 aggregates resulting from second-order template effects of the base and the lanthanide counterions used in these processes. XRD analysis revealed unique circular helical or tetragonal bipyramid architectures in which the bis(hydrazone) ligand L adopts different conformations and shows remarkable differences in its mode of metal coordination. While a molecule of trimethylamine acts as a secondary template that fills the void of the Dy6(L)6 assembly, sodium ions take on this role for the formation of heterobimetallic Dy12(L)8 by occupying vacant coordination sites, thus demonstrating that these processes can be steered in different directions upon subtle changes of reaction conditions. Furthermore, Dy6(L)6 shows an interesting spin-relaxation energy barrier of 435 K, which is amongst the largest values within multinuclear lanthanide single-molecular magnets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changch un Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Lang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changch un Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Jianfeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changch un Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Wei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Niklas Struch
- Kekulé Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rheinische-Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1 D-53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Arne Lützen
- Kekulé Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rheinische-Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1 D-53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Annie K Powell
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Engesserstrasse 15, 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggensteinn-Leopoldshafen 76344 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Peng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Jinkui Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changch un Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P. R. China
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48
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Oyarzabal I, Zabala-Lekuona A, Mota AJ, Palacios MA, Rodríguez-Diéguez A, Lorusso G, Evangelisti M, Rodríguez-Esteban C, Brechin EK, Seco JM, Colacio E. Magneto-thermal properties and slow magnetic relaxation in Mn(II)Ln(III) complexes: influence of magnetic coupling on the magneto-caloric effect. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:12954-12967. [PMID: 35960153 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01869a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A family of Mn(II)Ln(III) dinuclear and tetranuclear complexes (Ln = Gd and Dy) has been prepared from the compartmental ligands N,N'-dimethyl-N,N'-bis(2-hydroxy-3-formyl-5-bromobenzyl)ethylenediamine (H2L1) and N,N',N''-trimethyl-N,N''-bis(2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-methylbenzyl)diethylenetriamine (H2L2). The Mn(II)Gd(III) complexes exhibit antiferromagnetic interactions between Mn(II) and Gd(III) ions in most cases, which are supported by Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. Experimental magneto-structural correlations carried out for the reported complexes and other related complexes found in bibliography show that the highest ferromagnetic coupling constants are observed in di-μ-phenoxido bridged complexes, which is due to the planarity of the Mn-(μ-O)2-Gd bridging fragment and to the high Mn-O-Gd angles. The effect of these angles has been studied by DFT calculations performed on a di-μ-phenoxido doubly bridged model. The magneto-thermal properties of the Mn(II)Gd(III) based complexes have also been measured, concluding that the magnitude of the Magneto-Caloric Effect (MCE) is due to the strength rather than to the nature of the magnetic coupling. Moreover, when two Mn(II)Gd(III) dinuclear units are connected by two carbonato-bridging ligands the MCE is enhanced, obtaining a maximum magnetic entropy change of 36.4 Jkg-1 K-1 at ΔB = 7 T and T = 2.2 K. On the other hand, one of the dinuclear Mn(II)Dy(III) complexes displays Single-Molecule Magnet (SMM) behaviour with an energy barrier of 14.8 K under an applied external field of 1000 Oe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itziar Oyarzabal
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain. .,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Andoni Zabala-Lekuona
- Departamento de Química Aplicada, Facultad de Química, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), 20018 Donostia, Spain.
| | - Antonio J Mota
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - María A Palacios
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Diéguez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Giulia Lorusso
- CNR - Istituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi, Unità di Bologna, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Evangelisti
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Corina Rodríguez-Esteban
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
| | - Euan K Brechin
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK
| | - José M Seco
- Departamento de Química Aplicada, Facultad de Química, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), 20018 Donostia, Spain.
| | - Enrique Colacio
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
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49
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Szklarzewicz J, Hodorowicz M, Jurowska A, Baran S. The High-Temperature Soft Ferromagnetic Molecular Materials Based on [W(CN) 6(bpy)] 2-/- System. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27144525. [PMID: 35889398 PMCID: PMC9315671 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of molecular materials with magnetic properties, in particular ferromagnetic properties, has been the subject of interest in coordination chemistry for decades. In the last three decades, research has accelerated, as it has emerged that creating bridging systems based on cyanido ligands is a good and relatively simple way to create complex polymer structures exhibiting magnetic properties. Based on many years of personal experience in the field of the synthesis of polycyanido systems, supported by comprehensive structural analysis, a simple method of transforming cyanido complexes into soft ferromagnetic materials with a Curie temperature (TC) higher than the thermal decomposition temperature, usually above 150 °C has been developed. Two soft ferromagnetic materials based on zinc and cadmium hexacyanido salts in the system with [W(CN)6(bpy)]2−/− anions are presented. The crystal structures (X-ray single crystal as well as XRD) of the precursors and the properties of the ferromagnetic materials are discussed. Most importantly, a patented method of synthesizing this type of material, based on which we obtain more than 80 soft, high-temperature ferromagnetic compounds, which proves the wide spectrum of this method, is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janusz Szklarzewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; (M.H.); (A.J.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Maciej Hodorowicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; (M.H.); (A.J.)
| | - Anna Jurowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; (M.H.); (A.J.)
| | - Stanisław Baran
- M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 30-001 Kraków, Poland;
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50
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Mautner FA, Bierbaumer F, Fischer RC, Tubau À, Speed S, Ruiz E, Massoud SS, Vicente R, Gómez-Coca S. Insights into the Spin Dynamics of Mononuclear Cerium(III) Single-Molecule Magnets. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:11124-11136. [PMID: 35815859 PMCID: PMC9490812 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Four novel CeIII mononuclear complexes of formulas [Ce(ntfa)3(MeOH)2] (1), [Ce(ntfa)3(5,5'-Me2bipy)] (2), [Ce(ntfa)3(terpy)] (3), and [Ce(ntfa)3(bipy)2] (4), where ntfa = 4,4,4-trifluoro-1-(naphthalen-2-yl)butane-1,3-dionato, 5,5'-Me2bipy = 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl, terpy = 2,2':6',2″-terpyridine, and bipy = 2,2'-bipyridine, have been synthesized and structurally characterized with CeIII displaying coordination numbers of 8, 8, 9, and 10, respectively. Magnetic measurements indicate that all the complexes show a field-induced single-ion magnet behavior under a small applied dc field. The magnetic analysis shows the relevance of the different spin relaxation mechanisms in the magnetic relaxation of the CeIII compounds, with special emphasis on the local-mode process. Multiconfigurational calculations were also performed to get more information on the axiality of the compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz A Mautner
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Florian Bierbaumer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Roland C Fischer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Ànnia Tubau
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Saskia Speed
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eliseo Ruiz
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Recerca de Química Teòrica i Computacional, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Salah S Massoud
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, P.O. Box 43700, Lafayette, Louisiana 70504, United States
| | - Ramon Vicente
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Gómez-Coca
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Recerca de Química Teòrica i Computacional, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
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