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Chao Y, Han Y, Chen Z, Chu D, Xu Q, Wallace G, Wang C. Multiscale Structural Design of 2D Nanomaterials-based Flexible Electrodes for Wearable Energy Storage Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305558. [PMID: 38115755 PMCID: PMC10916616 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
2D nanomaterials play a critical role in realizing high-performance flexible electrodes for wearable energy storge devices, owing to their merits of large surface area, high conductivity and high strength. The electrode is a complex system and the performance is determined by multiple and interrelated factors including the intrinsic properties of materials and the structures at different scales from macroscale to atomic scale. Multiscale design strategies have been developed to engineer the structures to exploit full potential and mitigate drawbacks of 2D materials. Analyzing the design strategies and understanding the working mechanisms are essential to facilitate the integration and harvest the synergistic effects. This review summarizes the multiscale design strategies from macroscale down to micro/nano-scale structures and atomic-scale structures for developing 2D nanomaterials-based flexible electrodes. It starts with brief introduction of 2D nanomaterials, followed by analysis of structural design strategies at different scales focusing on the elucidation of structure-property relationship, and ends with the presentation of challenges and future prospects. This review highlights the importance of integrating multiscale design strategies. Finding from this review may deepen the understanding of electrode performance and provide valuable guidelines for designing 2D nanomaterials-based flexible electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Chao
- Henan Institute of Advanced TechnologyZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450052China
- Intelligent Polymer Research InstituteARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials ScienceAIIM FacilityInnovation CampusUniversity of WollongongWollongongNSW2522Australia
| | - Yan Han
- Energy & Materials Engineering CentreCollege of Physics and Materials ScienceTianjin Normal UniversityTianjin300387China
| | - Zhiqi Chen
- Intelligent Polymer Research InstituteARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials ScienceAIIM FacilityInnovation CampusUniversity of WollongongWollongongNSW2522Australia
| | - Dewei Chu
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringThe University of New South WalesSydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - Qun Xu
- Henan Institute of Advanced TechnologyZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450052China
| | - Gordon Wallace
- Intelligent Polymer Research InstituteARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials ScienceAIIM FacilityInnovation CampusUniversity of WollongongWollongongNSW2522Australia
| | - Caiyun Wang
- Intelligent Polymer Research InstituteARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials ScienceAIIM FacilityInnovation CampusUniversity of WollongongWollongongNSW2522Australia
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2
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Hua Q, Shen G. Low-dimensional nanostructures for monolithic 3D-integrated flexible and stretchable electronics. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:1316-1353. [PMID: 38196334 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00918a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Flexible/stretchable electronics, which are characterized by their ultrathin design, lightweight structure, and excellent mechanical robustness and conformability, have garnered significant attention due to their unprecedented potential in healthcare, advanced robotics, and human-machine interface technologies. An increasing number of low-dimensional nanostructures with exceptional mechanical, electronic, and/or optical properties are being developed for flexible/stretchable electronics to fulfill the functional and application requirements of information sensing, processing, and interactive loops. Compared to the traditional single-layer format, which has a restricted design space, a monolithic three-dimensional (M3D) integrated device architecture offers greater flexibility and stretchability for electronic devices, achieving a high-level of integration to accommodate the state-of-the-art design targets, such as skin-comfort, miniaturization, and multi-functionality. Low-dimensional nanostructures possess small size, unique characteristics, flexible/elastic adaptability, and effective vertical stacking capability, boosting the advancement of M3D-integrated flexible/stretchable systems. In this review, we provide a summary of the typical low-dimensional nanostructures found in semiconductor, interconnect, and substrate materials, and discuss the design rules of flexible/stretchable devices for intelligent sensing and data processing. Furthermore, artificial sensory systems in 3D integration have been reviewed, highlighting the advancements in flexible/stretchable electronics that are deployed with high-density, energy-efficiency, and multi-functionalities. Finally, we discuss the technical challenges and advanced methodologies involved in the design and optimization of low-dimensional nanostructures, to achieve monolithic 3D-integrated flexible/stretchable multi-sensory systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilin Hua
- School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
- Institute of Flexible Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Guozhen Shen
- School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
- Institute of Flexible Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
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3
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Yang D, Nam HK, Le TSD, Yeo J, Lee Y, Kim YR, Kim SW, Choi HJ, Shim HC, Ryu S, Kwon S, Kim YJ. Multimodal E-Textile Enabled by One-Step Maskless Patterning of Femtosecond-Laser-Induced Graphene on Nonwoven, Knit, and Woven Textiles. ACS NANO 2023; 17:18893-18904. [PMID: 37643475 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c04120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Personal wearable devices are considered important in advanced healthcare, military, and sports applications. Among them, e-textiles are the best candidates because of their intrinsic conformability without any additional device installation. However, e-textile manufacturing to date has a high process complexity and low design flexibility. Here, we report the direct laser writing of e-textiles by converting raw Kevlar textiles to electrically conductive laser-induced graphene (LIG) via femtosecond laser pulses in ambient air. The resulting LIG has high electrical conductivity and chemical reliability with a low sheet resistance of 2.86 Ω/□. Wearable multimodal e-textile sensors and supercapacitors are realized on different types of Kevlar textiles, including nonwoven, knit, and woven structures, by considering their structural textile characteristics. The nonwoven textile exhibits high mechanical stability, making it suitable for applications in temperature sensors and micro-supercapacitors. On the other hand, the knit textile possesses inherent spring-like stretchability, enabling its use in the fabrication of strain sensors for human motion detection. Additionally, the woven textile offers special sensitive pressure-sensing networks between the warp and weft parts, making it suitable for the fabrication of bending sensors used in detecting human voices. This direct laser synthesis of arbitrarily patterned LIGs from various textile structures could result in the facile realization of wearable electronic sensors and energy storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwook Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Science Town, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Han Ku Nam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Science Town, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Truong-Son Dinh Le
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Science Town, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Jinwook Yeo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Science Town, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Younggeun Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Science Town, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Young-Ryeul Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Science Town, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Seung-Woo Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Science Town, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Hak-Jong Choi
- Nano-Convergence Manufacturing Systems Research Division, Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials, 156, Gajeongbuk-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34103, South Korea
| | - Hyung Cheoul Shim
- Nano-Convergence Manufacturing Systems Research Division, Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials, 156, Gajeongbuk-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34103, South Korea
| | - Seunghwa Ryu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Science Town, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Soongeun Kwon
- Nano-Convergence Manufacturing Systems Research Division, Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials, 156, Gajeongbuk-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34103, South Korea
| | - Young-Jin Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Science Town, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
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4
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Enrico A, Hartwig O, Dominik N, Quellmalz A, Gylfason KB, Duesberg GS, Niklaus F, Stemme G. Ultrafast and Resist-Free Nanopatterning of 2D Materials by Femtosecond Laser Irradiation. ACS NANO 2023; 17:8041-8052. [PMID: 37074334 PMCID: PMC10173691 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c09501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The performance of two-dimensional (2D) materials is promising for electronic, photonic, and sensing devices since they possess large surface-to-volume ratios, high mechanical strength, and broadband light sensitivity. While significant advances have been made in synthesizing and transferring 2D materials onto different substrates, there is still the need for scalable patterning of 2D materials with nanoscale precision. Conventional lithography methods require protective layers such as resist or metals that can contaminate or degrade the 2D materials and deteriorate the final device performance. Current resist-free patterning methods are limited in throughput and typically require custom-made equipment. To address these limitations, we demonstrate the noncontact and resist-free patterning of platinum diselenide (PtSe2), molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), and graphene layers with nanoscale precision at high processing speed while preserving the integrity of the surrounding material. We use a commercial, off-the-shelf two-photon 3D printer to directly write patterns in the 2D materials with features down to 100 nm at a maximum writing speed of 50 mm/s. We successfully remove a continuous film of 2D material from a 200 μm × 200 μm substrate area in less than 3 s. Since two-photon 3D printers are becoming increasingly available in research laboratories and industrial facilities, we expect this method to enable fast prototyping of devices based on 2D materials across various research areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Enrico
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Malvinas väg 10, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oliver Hartwig
- Institute of Physics, EIT 2, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of the Bundeswehr Munich & SENS Research Center, Werner-Heisenberg-Weg 39, 85577 Neubiberg, Germany
| | - Nikolas Dominik
- Institute of Physics, EIT 2, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of the Bundeswehr Munich & SENS Research Center, Werner-Heisenberg-Weg 39, 85577 Neubiberg, Germany
| | - Arne Quellmalz
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Malvinas väg 10, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristinn B Gylfason
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Malvinas väg 10, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Georg S Duesberg
- Institute of Physics, EIT 2, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of the Bundeswehr Munich & SENS Research Center, Werner-Heisenberg-Weg 39, 85577 Neubiberg, Germany
| | - Frank Niklaus
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Malvinas väg 10, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Göran Stemme
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Malvinas väg 10, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
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5
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Harun-Ur-Rashid M, Pal K, Imran AB. Hybrid Nanocomposite Fabrication of Nanocatalyst with Enhanced and Stable Photocatalytic Activity. Top Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-023-01809-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
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6
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Abd Elhamid AEM, Shawkey H, Khalil AA, Azzouz IM. Collaborated nanosecond lasers processing of crude graphene oxide for superior supercapacitive performance. JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE 2023; 60:106669. [DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2023.106669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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7
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Wu K, Kim KW, Kwon JH, Kim JK, Kim SH, Moon HC. Direct ink writing of PEDOT:PSS inks for flexible micro-supercapacitors. J IND ENG CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2023.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
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8
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Zhao L, Rosati G, Piper A, de Carvalho Castro e Silva C, Hu L, Yang Q, Della Pelle F, Alvarez-Diduk RR, Merkoçi A. Laser Reduced Graphene Oxide Electrode for Pathogenic Escherichia coli Detection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:9024-9033. [PMID: 36786303 PMCID: PMC9951213 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Graphene-based materials are of interest in electrochemical biosensing due to their unique properties, such as high surface areas, unique electrochemical properties, and biocompatibility. However, the scalable production of graphene electrodes remains a challenge; it is typically slow, expensive, and inefficient. Herein, we reported a simple, fast, and maskless method for large-scale, low-cost reduced graphene oxide electrode fabrication; using direct writing (laser scribing and inkjet printing) coupled with a stamp-transferring method. In this process, graphene oxide is simultaneously reduced and patterned with a laser, before being press-stamped onto polyester sheets. The transferred electrodes were characterized by SEM, XPS, Raman, and electrochemical methods. The biosensing utility of the electrodes was demonstrated by developing an electrochemical test for Escherichia coli. These biosensors exhibited a wide dynamic range (917-2.1 × 107 CFU/mL) of low limits of detection (283 CFU/mL) using just 5 μL of sample. The test was also verified in spiked artificial urine, and the sensor was integrated into a portable wireless system driven and measured by a smartphone. This work demonstrates the potential to use these biosensors for real-world, point-of-care applications. Hypothetically, the devices are suitable for the detection of other pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- Catalan
Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), Edifici ICN2, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra,
Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giulio Rosati
- Catalan
Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), Edifici ICN2, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrew Piper
- Catalan
Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), Edifici ICN2, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cecilia de Carvalho Castro e Silva
- MackGraphe-Mackenzie
Institute for Research in Graphene and Nanotechnologies, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, Consolação Street
930, 01302-907 São
Paulo, Brazil
| | - Liming Hu
- Catalan
Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), Edifici ICN2, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra,
Barcelona, Spain
| | - Qiuyue Yang
- Catalan
Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), Edifici ICN2, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- Department
of Material Science, Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Flavio Della Pelle
- Faculty
of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Ruslán R. Alvarez-Diduk
- Catalan
Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), Edifici ICN2, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arben Merkoçi
- Catalan
Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), Edifici ICN2, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan
Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig de Lluís Companys,
23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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9
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Deshwal N, Singh MB, Bahadur I, Kaushik N, Kaushik NK, Singh P, Kumari K. A review on recent advancements on removal of harmful metal/metal ions using graphene oxide: Experimental and theoretical approaches. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:159672. [PMID: 36306838 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide is a two-dimensional carbon nanomaterial and has gained huge popularity over the last decade. Because, the graphene oxide can be dispersed in water easily and it is one of the most researched two-dimensional materials in the current time. The extraordinary properties shown by graphene oxide (GO) are due to its unique chemical structure; includes various hydrophilic functional groups containing oxygen such as carboxyl, hydroxyl, carbonyl and tiny sp2 carbon domains surrounded by sp3 domains. These groups are very peculiar for various applications as they allow covalent functionalisation with a plethora of compounds. Large surface area, intrinsic fluorescence, excellent surface functionality, amphiphilicity, improved conductivity, high adsorption capacity and superior biocompatibility are some of the chemical properties have drawn research from various fields. Graphene oxide has various interactions such as coordination, chelation, hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interaction, hydrophobic effects, π-π interaction, acid base interaction etc., with various metal ions. This review is focused on the removal of metals and metal ions due to their interactions mentioned above. Further, potential of composites of graphene oxide in the removal of metal and metal ions is also discussed. Further, the current challenges in this field at industrial-scale are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Deshwal
- Department of Chemistry, Atma Ram Sanatan Dharma College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Madhur Babu Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Atma Ram Sanatan Dharma College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Indra Bahadur
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, South Africa
| | - Neha Kaushik
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, The University of Suwon, Hwaseong 18323, South Korea
| | - Nagendra Kumar Kaushik
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, South Korea.
| | - Prashant Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Atma Ram Sanatan Dharma College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India.
| | - Kamlesh Kumari
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
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10
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Zhong J, Fang Z, Luo D, Ning H, Qiu T, Li M, Yang Y, Fu X, Yao R, Peng J. Effect of Surface Treatment on Performance and Internal Stacking Mode of Electrohydrodynamic Printed Graphene and Its Microsupercapacitor. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:3621-3632. [PMID: 36598168 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c18367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Microelectronic devices are developing rapidly in portability, wearability, and implantability. This puts forward an urgent requirement for the delicate deposition process of materials. Electrohydrodynamic printing has attracted academic and industrial attention in preparing ultrahigh-density microelectronic devices as a new noncontact, direct graphic, and low-loss thin film deposition process. In this work, a printed graphene with narrow line width is realized by combining the electrohydrodynamic printing and surface treatment. The line width of printed graphene on the hydrophobic treatment surface reduced from 80 to 28 μm. The resistivity decreased from 0.949 to 0.263 Ω·mm. Unexpectedly, hydrophobic treatment can effectively induce random stacking of electrohydrodynamic printed graphene, which avoids parallel stacking and agglomeration of graphene sheets. The performance of printed graphene is thus effectively improved. After optimization, a graphene planar supercapacitor with a printed line width of 28 μm is successfully obtained. Its capacitance can reach 5.39 mF/cm2 at 50 mV/s, which is twice higher than that of the untreated devices. The device maintains 84.7% capacitance after 5000 cycles. This work provides a reference for preparing microelectronic devices by ultrahigh precision printing and a new direction for optimizing two-dimensional material properties through stacking adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyao Zhong
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhiqiang Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Dongxiang Luo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Clean Energy and Materials, Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clean Energy and Materials, Huangpu Hydrogen Innovation Center, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Honglong Ning
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Tian Qiu
- Department of Intelligent Manufacturing, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Muyun Li
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yuexin Yang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiao Fu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Rihui Yao
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Junbiao Peng
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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11
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Novikova A, Karabchevsky A. Green Extraction of Graphene from Natural Mineral Shungite. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:4356. [PMID: 36558210 PMCID: PMC9787502 DOI: 10.3390/nano12244356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Conventional fabrication methods to produce graphene are cumbersome, expensive, and not ecologically friendly. This is due to the fact that the processing of a large volume of raw materials requires large amounts of acids and alkalis which, in turn, require special disposal. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new technologies or to refine existing ones for the production of graphene-and to create new, ecologically-safe and effective methods. Here, we utilized physical sonication to extract graphene films from natural mineral shungite rock. From our study of the structure of shungite by Raman spectrometry and X-ray phase analysis, we found that shungite is characterized by graphite-like mineral structures. Transmission electron microscopy images obtained from the processed material revealed graphene films-with surfaces as small as 200 nanometers long and several layers wide. Our green method of fabicating graphene can be widely used in a variety of fields, from electro-optics to ecology, to list a few.
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12
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Tian B, Li J, Samad A, Schwingenschlögl U, Lanza M, Zhang X. Production of Large-Area Nucleus-Free Single-Crystal Graphene-Mesh Metamaterials with Zigzag Edges. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2201253. [PMID: 35307871 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202201253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In addition to conventional monolayer or bilayer graphene films, graphene-mesh metamaterials have attracted considerable research attention within the scientific community owing to their unique physical and optical properties. Currently, most graphene-mesh metamaterials are fabricated using common lithography techniques on exfoliated graphene flakes, which require the deposition and removal of chemicals during fabrication. This process may introduce contamination or doping, thereby limiting their production size and application in nanodevices. Herein, the controlled production of wafer-scale high-quality single-crystal nucleus-free graphene-mesh metamaterial films with zigzag edges is demonstrated. The 13 C-isotopic labeling graphene-growth approach, large-area Raman mapping techniques, and a uniquely designed high-voltage localized-space air-ionization etching method are utilized to directly remove the graphene nuclei. Subsequently, a hydrogen-assisted anisotropic etching process is employed for transforming irregular edges into zigzag edges within the hexagonal-shaped holes, producing a large-scale single-crystal high-quality graphene-mesh metamaterial film on a Cu(111) substrate. The carrier mobilities of the fabricated field-effect transistors on the as-produced films are measured. The findings of this study enable the large-scale production of high-quality low-dimensional graphene-mesh metamaterials and provide insights for the application of integrated circuits based on graphene and other 2D metamaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Tian
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Eleven-Dimensional Nanomaterial Research Institute, Xiamen, 361000, China
| | - Junzhu Li
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Eleven-Dimensional Nanomaterial Research Institute, Xiamen, 361000, China
| | - Abdus Samad
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Udo Schwingenschlögl
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mario Lanza
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xixiang Zhang
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Li Y, Zhu H, Duan J, Wu Y, Wu D. Laser-induced photoexcited audible sound effect based on reticular 2-bromo-2-methylpropionic acid modified Fe 3O 4 nanoparticle aggregates. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:16787-16796. [PMID: 36342384 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr04895g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Reticular 2-bromo-2-methylpropionic acid (BMPA) modified Fe3O4 nanoparticle aggregates with novel acoustic properties, namely the photoexcited audible sound (PEAS) effect, were prepared by a laser-induced irradiation method. Their morphology was observed by Lorentz transmission electron microscopy. Their chemical structure, crystal composition, and magnetic properties were analyzed using infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and a magnetic property measurement instrument, respectively. It is found that the nanoparticle aggregates appeared reticular, with the size of the BMPA modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles being 5.5 ± 0.4 nm. The saturation magnetization values of the BMPA modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles and associated aggregates were 59.99 and 63.51 emu g-1, respectively. The reticular BMPA modified nanoparticle aggregates can produce strong PEAS signals under very weak laser irradiation with great stability and repeatability. The emitted PEAS signals possessed strong specificity, suitable decay time and a large amount of information under a very weak laser power and can be detected by the human ear without any special detection equipment. Subsequently, a heat transfer model was constructed for the simulation of the possible mechanism of the PEAS effect using COMSOL software. The simulation results showed that the aggregates have a fast heat transfer rate with the temperature increasing to 480 K in only 0.25 s and 600 K in 5 s, respectively, meeting the requirements of the vapor explosion mechanism. Therefore, we realized that the possible mechanism of the PEAS effect of the reticular BMPA modified Fe3O4 nanoparticle aggregates is laser-induced fast heat transfer and vapor explosion in situ, resulting in the observed audible sound phenomenon. This novel PEAS effect has potential for application in materials science, biomedical engineering and other fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China.
| | - Hongrui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China.
| | - Junbo Duan
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China.
| | - Youshen Wu
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Daocheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China.
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14
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An optical and electrochemical sensor based on L-arginine functionalized reduced graphene oxide. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19398. [PMID: 36371538 PMCID: PMC9653396 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23949-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The electrochemical and photochemical properties of graphene derivatives could be significantly improved by modifications in the chemical structure. Herein, reduced graphene oxide (RGO) was functionalized with L-arginine (L-Arg) by an amidation reaction between the support and amino acid. Deposition of a powerful ligand, L-Arg, on the optically active support generated an effective optical chemosensor for the determination of Cd(II), Co(II), Pb(II), and Cu(II). In addition, L-Arg-RGO was used as an electrode modifier to fabricate L-Arg-RGO modified glassy-carbon electrode (L-Arg-RGO/GCE) to be employed in the selective detection of Pb(II) ions by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DP-ASV). L-Arg-RGO/GCE afforded better results than the bare GCE, RGO/GCE, and L-Arg functionalized graphene quantum dot modified GCE. The nanostructure of RGO, modification by L-Arg, and homogeneous immobilization of resultant nanoparticles at the electrode surface are the reasons for outstanding results. The proposed electrochemical sensor has a wide linear range with a limit of detection equal to 0.06 nM, leading to the easy detection of Pb(II) in the presence of other cations. This research highlighted that RGO as a promising support of optical, and electrochemical sensors could be used in the selective, and sensitive determination of transition metals depends on the nature of the modifier. Moreover, L-Arg as an abundant amino acid deserves to perch on the support for optical, and electrochemical determination of transition metals.
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15
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Altuwirqi RM. Graphene Nanostructures by Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquids: A Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:5925. [PMID: 36079307 PMCID: PMC9456608 DOI: 10.3390/ma15175925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
High-quality graphene has demonstrated remarkable mechanical, thermal, electronic, and optical properties. These features have paved the road for the introduction of graphene into numerous applications such as optoelectronics and energy devices, photodegradation, bioimaging, photodetectors, sensors, and biosensors. Due to this, graphene research has accelerated exponentially, with the aim of reaching a sustainable large-scale production process of high-quality graphene that can produce graphene-based technologies at an industrial scale. There exist numerous routes for graphene fabrication; however, pulsed laser ablation in liquids (PLAL) has emerged as a simple, fast, green, and environmentally friendly method as it does not require the use of toxic chemicals. Moreover, it does not involve the use of expensive vacuum chambers or clean rooms. However, the great advantage of PLAL is its ability to control the size, shape, and structure of the produced nanostructures through the choice of laser parameters and liquid used. Consequently, this review will focus on recent research on the synthesis of graphene nanosheets and graphene quantum dots via PLAL and the effect of experimental parameters such as laser wavelength, pulse width, pulse energy, repetition rate, irradiation time, and liquid media on the produced nanostructures. Moreover, it will discuss extended PLAL techniques which incorporate other methods into PLAL. Finally, different applications that utilize nanostructures produced by PLAL will be highlighted. We hope that this review will provide a useful guide for researchers to further develop the PLAL technique and the fabrication of graphene-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem M Altuwirqi
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 42805, Jeddah 21551, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Joanni E, Kumar R, Fernandes WP, Savu R, Matsuda A. In situ growth of laser-induced graphene micro-patterns on arbitrary substrates. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:8914-8918. [PMID: 35713534 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr01948e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this article we report a new laser processing method, combining the in situ graphitization of polyimide with simultaneous transfer of the graphene patterns to arbitrary substrates. The synthesis conditions are similar to those normally used for the well-known laser-induced graphene method. The approach is based on the enclosure of polyimide sheets between microscope glass slides. Graphene patterns have been successfully generated on glass and on PDMS, as well as graphene decorated with metals and oxides. In order to illustrate the usefulness of the proposed approach, the method was applied to the fabrication of hybrid supercapacitors, which exhibited very good electrochemical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ednan Joanni
- Center for Information Technology Renato Archer (CTI), Campinas 13069-901, Brazil.
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India.
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi, Aichi, 441-8580, Japan
| | - Willians P Fernandes
- Center for Information Technology Renato Archer (CTI), Campinas 13069-901, Brazil.
| | - Raluca Savu
- Centre for Semiconductor Components and Nanotechnology (CCS Nano), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-870, Brazil
| | - Atsunori Matsuda
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi, Aichi, 441-8580, Japan
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17
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Huang Y, Xie X, Cui J, Zhou W, Chen J, Long J. Robust metallic micropatterns fabricated on quartz glass surfaces by femtosecond laser-induced selective metallization. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:19544-19556. [PMID: 36221728 DOI: 10.1364/oe.456927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Quartz glass has a wide range of application and commercial value due to its high light transmittance and stable chemical and physical properties. However, due to the difference in the characteristics of the material itself, the adhesion between the metal micropattern and the glass material is limited. This is one of the main things that affect the application of glass surface metallization in the industry. In this paper, micropatterns on the surface of quartz glass are fabricated by a femtosecond laser-induced backside dry etching (fs-LIBDE) method to generate the layered composite structure and the simultaneous seed layer in a single-step. This is achieved by using fs-LIBDE technology with metal base materials (Stainless steel, Al, Cu, Zr-based amorphous alloys, and W) with different ablation thresholds, where atomically dispersed high threshold non-precious metals ions are gathered across the microgrooves. On account of the strong anchor effect caused by the layered composite structures and the solid catalytic effect that is down to the seed layer, copper micropatterns with high bonding strength and high quality, can be directly prepared in these areas through a chemical plating process. After 20-min of sonication in water, no peeling is observed under repeated 3M scotch tape tests and the surface was polished with sandpapers. The prepared copper micropatterns are 18 µm wide and have a resistivity of 1.96 µΩ·cm (1.67 µΩ·cm for pure copper). These copper micropatterns with low resistivity has been proven to be used for the glass heating device and the transparent atomizing device, which could be potential options for various microsystems.
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18
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Kumar R, Sahoo S, Joanni E, Singh RK, Kar KK. Microwave as a Tool for Synthesis of Carbon-Based Electrodes for Energy Storage. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:20306-20325. [PMID: 34702030 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c15934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This Spotlight on Applications highlights the significant impact of microwave-assisted methods for synthesis and modification of carbon materials with enhanced properties for electrodes in energy storage applications (supercapacitors and batteries). For the past few years, microwave irradiation has been increasingly used for the synthesis of carbon materials with different morphologies using various precursors. Microwave processing exhibits numerous advantages, such as short processing times, high yield, expanded reaction conditions, high reproducibility, and high purity of products. On this frontier research area, we have discussed microwave-assisted synthesis, defect creation, simultaneous reduction and exfoliation, and heteroatom doping in carbon materials. By careful manipulation of microwave irradiation parameters, the method becomes a powerful and efficient tool to generate different morphologies in carbon-based materials. Other important outcomes are the flexible control over the degree of reduction and exfoliation of graphene derivatives, the generation of defects in graphene-based materials by metals, the intercalation of metal oxides into graphene derivatives, and heteroatom doping of graphene materials. The Spotlight on Applications aims to provide a condensed overview of the current progress in carbon-based electrodes synthesized by microwave, pointing out outstanding challenges and offering a few suggestions to trigger more research endeavors in this important field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar
- Advanced Nanoengineering Materials Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Sumanta Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry, Madanapalle Institute of Technology and Science, Madanapalle, Andhra Pradesh 517325, India
| | - Ednan Joanni
- Center for Information Technology Renato Archer (CTI), Campinas 13069-901, Brazil
| | - Rajesh K Singh
- School of Physical and Material Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh (CUHP), Kangra, Dharamshala 176215, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Kamal K Kar
- Advanced Nanoengineering Materials Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
- Advanced Nanoengineering Materials Laboratory, Materials Science Programme, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
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19
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Facile synthesis of rGO@ CoO nanocomposites electrode material for photocatalytic hydrogen generation and supercapacitor applications. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.109345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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20
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Cai C, Wang J. Femtosecond Laser-Fabricated Photonic Chips for Optical Communications: A Review. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13040630. [PMID: 35457935 PMCID: PMC9024536 DOI: 10.3390/mi13040630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Integrated optics, having the unique properties of small size, low loss, high integration, and high scalability, is attracting considerable attention and has found many applications in optical communications, fulfilling the requirements for the ever-growing information rate and complexity in modern optical communication systems. Femtosecond laser fabrication is an acknowledged technique for producing integrated photonic devices with unique features, such as three-dimensional fabrication geometry, rapid prototyping, and single-step fabrication. Thus, plenty of femtosecond laser-fabricated on-chip devices have been manufactured to realize various optical communication functions, such as laser generation, laser amplification, laser modulation, frequency conversion, multi-dimensional multiplexing, and photonic wire bonding. In this paper, we review some of the most relevant research progress in femtosecond laser-fabricated photonic chips for optical communications, which may break new ground in this area. First, the basic principle of femtosecond laser fabrication and different types of laser-inscribed waveguides are briefly introduced. The devices are organized into two categories: active devices and passive devices. In the former category, waveguide lasers, amplifiers, electric-optic modulators, and frequency converters are reviewed, while in the latter, polarization multiplexers, mode multiplexers, and fan-in/fan-out devices are discussed. Later, photonic wire bonding is also introduced. Finally, conclusions and prospects in this field are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengkun Cai
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China;
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China;
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan 430074, China
- Correspondence:
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21
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Zhang W, Guo X, Zhao J, Zheng Y, Xie H, Zhang Z, Wang S, Xu Q, Fu Q, Zhang T. High performance Flower-Like Mn3O4/rGO composite for supercapacitor applications. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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22
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Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Zhu Y, Zhang Y, Yang M, Li S, Suo K, Li K. N-doped graphene encapsulated MoS 2nanosphere composite as a high-performance anode for lithium-ion batteries. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:235703. [PMID: 35240588 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac5a84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
MoS2is widely used in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to its high capacity (670 mAh g-1) and unique two-dimensional structure. However, the further application was limited of MoS2as anode materials suffer from its volume expansion and low conductivity. In this work, N-doped graphene encapsulated MoS2nanosphere composite (MoS2@NG) were prepared and its unique sandwich structure containing abundant mesopores and defects can efficiently enhance reaction kinetics. The MoS2@NG electrode shows a reversible capacity of 975.9 mAh g-1at 0.1 A g-1after 100 cycles, and a reversible capacity of 325.2 mAh g-1is still maintained after 300 cycles at 5 A g-1. In addition, the MoS2@NG electrode exhibites an excellent rate performance benefiting from the electrochemical properties dominated by capacitive behavior. This suggests that MoS2@NG composite can be used as potential anode materials for LIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Coal Resources Exploration and Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanrui Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, People's Republic of China
| | - Youyu Zhu
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongling Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengnan Yang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyi Li
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Suo
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, People's Republic of China
| | - Keke Li
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, People's Republic of China
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23
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Elhamid M. Abd Elhamid A, Shawkey H, A.I. Khalil A, M. Azzouz I. Graphene Functionalization towards Developing Superior Supercapacitors Performance. SUPERCAPACITORS FOR THE NEXT GENERATION 2022. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.98354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Graphene is known as the miracle material of the 21st century for the wide band of participating applications and epic properties. Unlike the CVD monolayer graphene, Reduced graphene oxide (RGO) is a commercial form with mass production accessibility via numerous numbers of methods in preparation and reduction terms. Such RGO form showed exceptional combability in supercapacitors (SCs) where RGO is participated to promote flexibility, lifetime and performance. The chapter will illustrate 4 critical milestones of using graphene derivatives for achieving SC’s superior performance. The first is using oxidized graphene (GO) blind with polymer for super dielectric spacer. The other three types are dealing with electrolytic SCs based on RGO. Polyaniline (PANI) was grown on GO for exceptionally stable SCs of 100% retention. Silver decoration of RGO was used for all-solid-state printable device. The solid-state gel electrolyte was developed by adding GO to promote current rating. Finally, laser reduced graphene is presented as a one-step and versatile technique for micropatterning processing. The RGO reduction was demonstrated from a laser GO interaction perspective according to two selected key parameters; wavelength and pulse duration.
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24
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Wang Q, Chen Z, Shi M, Zhao Y, Ye J, He G, Meng Q, Chen H. Zn-doped Bi 2MoO 6 supported on reduced graphene oxide with increased surface active sites for degradation of ciprofloxacin. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:19835-19846. [PMID: 34725755 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17186-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The reduced graphene oxide supported Zn-doped Bi2MoO6 nanocomposites (ZnxBi2-xMoO6/RGO) are synthesized by an easy one-step solvothermal method for the rapid degradation of ciprofloxacin (CIP). Characterization analyses show that Bi2MoO6 nanosheets are uniformly supported on RGO, for which the agglomeration of Bi2MoO6 is effectively inhibited, leading to more exposure of surface active sites. The degradation rate of Zn0.1Bi1.9MoO6/RGO5 on CIP reached 90% after 120 min of visible light irradiation, which was 10.4 times the rate of unsupported Bi2MoO6. Zn doping and RGO loading synergistically reduce the recombination rate of photogenerated electron-hole pairs and result in the enhanced photocatalytic performance. Compared with previously reported catalysts, Zn0.1Bi1.9MoO6/RGO5 can get higher degradation efficiency with shorter time and less dosage. In addition, after five cycles, the degradation efficiency is maintained at about 85%, showing perfect cycling stability of Zn0.1Bi1.9MoO6/RGO5. Photocatalytic mechanism suggests that the photogenerated •O2- and h+ are main species for degrading CIP based on ZnxBi2-xMoO6/RGO complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Zhongjing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Meng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Yitao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Jingrui Ye
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Guangyu He
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China.
| | - Qi Meng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Haiqun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China.
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25
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Yang J, Xiang M, Zhu Y, Yang Z, Ou J. Influences of carbon nanotubes/polycarbonate composite on enhanced local laser marking properties of polypropylene. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04123-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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26
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One pot preparation of tin sulfide decorated graphene nanocomposite for high performance supercapacitor applications. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2021.109148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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27
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Hekmat F, Balim U, Unalan HE. Scalable, microwave-assisted decoration of commercial cotton fabrics with binary nickel cobalt sulfides towards textile-based energy storage. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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28
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Shang H, Ke L, Xu W, Shen M, Fan ZX, Zhang S, Wang Y, Tang D, Huang D, Yang HR, Zhou D, Xu H. Microwave-Assisted Direct Growth of Carbon Nanotubes at Graphene Oxide Nanosheets to Promote the Stereocomplexation and Performances of Polylactides. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c04118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Han Shang
- School of Materials Science and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Lv Ke
- School of Materials Science and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Wenxuan Xu
- School of Materials Science and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Mengyuan Shen
- The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Zhen-Xing Fan
- Beijing Naton Institute of Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100194, China
| | - Shenghui Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Yanqing Wang
- School of Materials Science and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Daoyuan Tang
- Anhui Sentai WPC Group Share Co., Ltd., Guangde 242299, China
| | - Donghui Huang
- Anhui Sentai WPC Group Share Co., Ltd., Guangde 242299, China
| | - Hao-Ran Yang
- State Laboratory of Surface and Interface Science and Technology, School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Dongmei Zhou
- The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Huan Xu
- School of Materials Science and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
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29
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Latha K, Anbuselvi S, Periasamy P, Sudha R, Velmurugan D. Microwave-Assisted hybridised WO3/V2O5 rod shape nanocomposites for electrochemical supercapacitor applications. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2021.108927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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30
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Hernandez Ruiz K, Wang Z, Ciprian M, Zhu M, Tu R, Zhang L, Luo W, Fan Y, Jiang W. Chemical Vapor Deposition Mediated Phase Engineering for 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenides: Strategies and Applications. SMALL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202100047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Karla Hernandez Ruiz
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials Institute of Functional Materials College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Ziqian Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21218 USA
| | - Matteo Ciprian
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials Institute of Functional Materials College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Meifang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials Institute of Functional Materials College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Rong Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Lianmeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Wei Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials Institute of Functional Materials College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Yuchi Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials Institute of Functional Materials College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Wan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials Institute of Functional Materials College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University Shanghai 201620 China
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31
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Devi N, Sahoo S, Kumar R, Singh RK. A review of the microwave-assisted synthesis of carbon nanomaterials, metal oxides/hydroxides and their composites for energy storage applications. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:11679-11711. [PMID: 34190274 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr01134k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Currently, nanomaterials are considered to be the backbone of modern civilization. Especially in the energy sector, nanomaterials (mainly, carbon- and metal oxide/hydroxide-based nanomaterials) have contributed significantly. Among the various green approaches for the synthesis of these nanomaterials, the microwave-assisted approach has attracted significant research interest worldwide. In this context, it is noteworthy to mention that because of their enhanced surface area, high conducting nature, and excellent electrical and electrochemical properties, carbon nanomaterials are being extensively utilized as efficient electrode materials for both supercapacitors and secondary batteries. In this review article, we briefly demonstrate the characteristics of microwave-synthesized nanomaterials for next-generation energy storage devices. Starting with the basics of microwave heating, herein, we illustrate the past and present status of microwave chemistry for energy-related applications, and finally present a brief outlook and concluding remarks. We hope that this review article will positively convey new insights for the microwave synthesis of nanomaterials for energy storage applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitika Devi
- School of Physical and Material Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh (CUHP), Dharamshala, Kangra, HP-176215, India.
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32
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Liu Z, Diao Z, Yuan Y, Jia H, Wang L, Fei W. A two-step thermal treatment method to produce reduced graphene oxide with selectively increasing electrochemically active carbonyl group content for high-performance supercapacitor electrode. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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33
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Enhancement of photocatalytic by Mn3O4 spinel ferrite decorated graphene oxide nanocomposites. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-021-04644-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The hydrothermal process was used to prepare Mn3O4/x%GO nanocomposites (NC’s) having different ratios of the Mn3O4 nanoparticles (NP’s) on the surface of graphene oxide (GO) sheet. SEM image showed that the Mn3O4 NP’s were distributed over the surface of GO sheet. HRTEM images exhibited the lattice fringe arising from the (101) plane of the Mn3O4 NP’s having the interplanar d-spacing of 0.49 nm decorating on the surface of GO. The electronic absorption spectra of Mn3O4/x%GO NC’s also show broad bands from 250 to 550 nm. These bands arise from the d–d crystal field transitions of the tetrahedral Mn3+ species and indicate a distortion in the crystal structure. Photo-catalytic activity of spinel ferrite Mn3O4 NP’s by themselves was low but photo-catalytic activity is enhanced when the NP’s are decorating the GO sheet. Moreover, the Mn3O4/10%GO NC’s showed the best photo-catalytic activity. This result comes from the formation of Mn–O–C bond that confirm by FT-IR. This bond would facilitate the transfer of the photoelectrons from the surfaces of the NP’s to the GO sheets. PL emission which is in the violet–red luminescent region shows the creation of defects in the fabricated Mn3O4 NP’s nanostructures. These defects create the defect states to which electrons in the VB can be excited to when the CB. The best degradation efficiency was achieved by the Mn3O4 NP’s when they were used to decorate the GO sheets in the Mn3O4/10%GO NC’s solution.
Highlights
Lattice fringe of Mn3O4 with an interplanar d-spacing of 0.49 nm for (101) plane.
Photocatalytic activity of spinel ferrite Mn3O4 nanoparticles by itself is low.
Number of photoelectrons created depends on number of Mn3O4 on a given area of GO
The bonding of the Mn3O4 to the GO sheet would be though a Mn–O–C junction.
The degradation processes were accelerated by Mn3O4/10%GO nanocomposites
Graphic abstract
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Choudhury BJ, Roy K, Moholkar VS. Improvement of Supercapacitor Performance through Enhanced Interfacial Interactions Induced by Sonication. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar J. Choudhury
- Centre for Energy, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Kuldeep Roy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Vijayanand S. Moholkar
- Centre for Energy, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
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Wei T, Liu X, Al-Fogra S, Bachmann J, Hauke F, Hirsch A. A general concept for highly efficient covalent laser patterning of graphene based on silver carboxylates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:4654-4657. [PMID: 33977981 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc00902h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Three novel types of spatially resolved graphene architectures GA, GB, and GC respectively bearing CH3-, C6H5- and C3F7 groups are efficiently constructed by newly developed laser-writing concepts using silver carboxylates as corresponding photosensitizers. These 2D-structured samples are unequivocally characterized by Raman spectroscopy and SEM-EDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wei
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Xin Liu
- Chemistry of Thin Film Materials, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg Cauerstr. 3, Erlangen 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sabrin Al-Fogra
- Chemistry of Thin Film Materials, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg Cauerstr. 3, Erlangen 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julien Bachmann
- Chemistry of Thin Film Materials, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg Cauerstr. 3, Erlangen 91058, Erlangen, Germany and Saint-Petersburg State University, Institute of Chemistry, Universitetskii pr. 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Frank Hauke
- Chemistry of Thin Film Materials, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg Cauerstr. 3, Erlangen 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Hirsch
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
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36
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Gao X, Zhang H, Guo E, Yao F, Wang Z, Yue H. Hybrid two-dimensional nickel oxide-reduced graphene oxide nanosheets for supercapacitor electrodes. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.105979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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37
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Synergistic Behavior of Graphene and Ionic Liquid as Bio-Based Lubricant Additive. LUBRICANTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/lubricants9050046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The constant utilization of petroleum-based products has prompted concerns about the environment, hence a replacement for these products must be explored. Biolubricants are a suitable replacement for petroleum-based lubricants as they provide better lubricity. Biolubricant performance can be improved by the addition of graphene. However, there are reports that graphene is unable to form a stable suspension for a long period. This study used a graphene-ionic liquid additive combination to stabilize the dispersion in a biolubricant. Graphene and ionic liquid were dispersed into the biolubricant via a magnetic stirrer. The samples were tested using a high frequency reciprocating rig. The cast iron sample was then further observed using various techniques to determine the lubricating mechanism of the lubricant. Different dispersion stability of graphene was observed for different biolubricants, which can be improved with ionic liquids. All ionic liquid samples maintained an absorbance value of three for one month. The utilization of ionic liquid was also able to decrease the frictional performance by 33%. Further study showed that by using the ionic liquid alone, the frictional could only reduce the friction coefficient by 13% and graphene could only reduce the friction by 7%. A smooth worn surface scar can be seen on the graphene-IL sample compared to the prominent corrosive spot on the IL samples and abrasive scars on graphene samples. This indicates synergistic behavior between the two additives. It was found that the ionic liquid does not only improve the dispersion stability, but also plays a role in forming the tribolayer.
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38
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Zhao L, Liu Z, Chen D, Liu F, Yang Z, Li X, Yu H, Liu H, Zhou W. Laser Synthesis and Microfabrication of Micro/Nanostructured Materials Toward Energy Conversion and Storage. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2021; 13:49. [PMID: 34138243 PMCID: PMC8187667 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-020-00577-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials are known to exhibit a number of interesting physical and chemical properties for various applications, including energy conversion and storage, nanoscale electronics, sensors and actuators, photonics devices and even for biomedical purposes. In the past decade, laser as a synthetic technique and laser as a microfabrication technique facilitated nanomaterial preparation and nanostructure construction, including the laser processing-induced carbon and non-carbon nanomaterials, hierarchical structure construction, patterning, heteroatom doping, sputtering etching, and so on. The laser-induced nanomaterials and nanostructures have extended broad applications in electronic devices, such as light-thermal conversion, batteries, supercapacitors, sensor devices, actuators and electrocatalytic electrodes. Here, the recent developments in the laser synthesis of carbon-based and non-carbon-based nanomaterials are comprehensively summarized. An extensive overview on laser-enabled electronic devices for various applications is depicted. With the rapid progress made in the research on nanomaterial preparation through laser synthesis and laser microfabrication technologies, laser synthesis and microfabrication toward energy conversion and storage will undergo fast development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, People's Republic of China
| | - Duo Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyuan Yang
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, People's Republic of China
| | - Haohai Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weijia Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, People's Republic of China.
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Arun T, Mohanty A, Rosenkranz A, Wang B, Yu J, Morel MJ, Udayabhaskar R, Hevia SA, Akbari-Fakhrabadi A, Mangalaraja R, Ramadoss A. Role of electrolytes on the electrochemical characteristics of Fe3O4/MXene/RGO composites for supercapacitor applications. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.137473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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40
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Mousavi SM, Low FW, Hashemi SA, Lai CW, Ghasemi Y, Soroshnia S, Savardashtaki A, Babapoor A, Pynadathu Rumjit N, Goh SM, Amin N, Tiong SK. Development of graphene based nanocomposites towards medical and biological applications. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 48:1189-1205. [DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2020.1817052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Mojtaba Mousavi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Foo Wah Low
- Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional (The National Energy University), Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, Kajang, Malaysia
| | - Seyyed Alireza Hashemi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Chin Wei Lai
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), University of Malaya (UM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Younes Ghasemi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sadaf Soroshnia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili (UMA), Ardabil, Iran
| | - Amir Savardashtaki
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Aziz Babapoor
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili (UMA), Ardabil, Iran
| | - Nelson Pynadathu Rumjit
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), University of Malaya (UM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Su Mei Goh
- College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional (@The Energy University), Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, Kajang, Malaysia
| | - Nowshad Amin
- Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional (The National Energy University), Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, Kajang, Malaysia
| | - Sieh Kiong Tiong
- Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional (The National Energy University), Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, Kajang, Malaysia
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41
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Lahcen AA, Rauf S, Beduk T, Durmus C, Aljedaibi A, Timur S, Alshareef HN, Amine A, Wolfbeis OS, Salama KN. Electrochemical sensors and biosensors using laser-derived graphene: A comprehensive review. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 168:112565. [PMID: 32927277 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Laser-derived graphene (LDG) technology is gaining attention as a promising material for the development of novel electrochemical sensors and biosensors. Compared to established methods for graphene synthesis, LDG provides many advantages such as cost-effectiveness, fast electron mobility, mask-free, green synthesis, good electrical conductivity, porosity, mechanical stability, and large surface area. This review discusses, in a critical way, recent advancements in this field. First, we focused on the fabrication and doping of LDG platforms using different strategies. Next, the techniques for the modification of LDG sensors using nanomaterials, conducting polymers, biological and artificial receptors are presented. We then discussed the advances achieved for various LDG sensing and biosensing schemes and their applications in the fields of environmental monitoring, food safety, and clinical diagnosis. Finally, the drawbacks and limitations of LDG based electrochemical biosensors are addressed, and future trends are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdellatif Ait Lahcen
- Sensors Lab, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center (AMPMC), Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sakandar Rauf
- Sensors Lab, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center (AMPMC), Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tutku Beduk
- Sensors Lab, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center (AMPMC), Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ceren Durmus
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Abdulrahman Aljedaibi
- Sensors Lab, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center (AMPMC), Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suna Timur
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Husam N Alshareef
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science & Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Aziz Amine
- Chemical Analysis and Biosensors Group, Laboratory of Process Engineering and Environment, Faculty of Science and Techniques, Hassan II University of Casablanca, B.P. 146. Mohammedia, Morocco.
| | - Otto S Wolfbeis
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, D-93040, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Khaled N Salama
- Sensors Lab, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center (AMPMC), Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
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42
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Kong D, Kang M, Kim KY, Jang J, Cho J, In JB, Lee H. Hierarchically Structured Laser-Induced Graphene for Enhanced Boiling on Flexible Substrates. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:37784-37792. [PMID: 32705870 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c11402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Thermal management problems in high-power flexible electronics are exacerbated by the design complexity and requirement of stringent temperature control to prevent skin burns. Thus, effective heat dissipation methods applicable to flexible electronics on polymer substrates are an essential device design component. Accordingly, this study investigates the pool boiling heat transfer characteristics and potential enhancements, enabled by laser-induced graphene (LIG), which is both highly porous and bendable. Patterned LIG with a mesh spacing of 200 μm was formed on flexible polyimide substrates by laser direct writing, and the resulting surfaces exhibited enhanced heat transfer characteristics. Pool boiling experiments were conducted with an FC-72 working fluid to investigate the heat removal capability of LIG, and its performance was further improved by separating the liquid supply passages from the vapor escape routes. Overall, the inclusion of LIG resulted in a 2- to 3-fold increase in both the critical heat flux (33.6 W/cm2) and heat transfer coefficient (7.6 kW/(m2·K)), compared to pristine polyimide films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daeyoung Kong
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea
| | - Minsoo Kang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea
| | - Kyung Yeun Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea
| | - Jina Jang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea
| | - Jungwan Cho
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, South Korea
| | - Jung Bin In
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea
| | - Hyoungsoon Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea
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43
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Lazauskas A, Marcinauskas L, Andrulevicius M. Modification of Graphene Oxide/V 2O 5· nH 2O Nanocomposite Films via Direct Laser Irradiation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:18877-18884. [PMID: 32250584 PMCID: PMC7467550 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c02066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Herein, photothermal modification of nanocomposite films consisting of hydrated vanadium pentoxide (V2O5·nH2O) nanoribbons wrapped with graphene oxide (GO) flakes was performed via 405 nm direct laser irradiation. The combination of X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy allowed comprehensive characterization of physical and chemical changes of GO/V2O5·nH2O nanocomposite films upon photothermal modification. The modified nanocomposite films exhibited porous surface morphology (17.27 m2 g-1) consisting of randomly distributed pillarlike protrusions. The photothermal modification process of GO/V2O5·nH2O enhanced the electrical conductivity of nanocomposite from 1.6 to 6.8 S/m. It was also determined that the direct laser irradiation of GO/V2O5·nH2O resulted in considerable decrease of C-O bounds as well as O-H functional groups with an increase of the laser power density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Algirdas Lazauskas
- Plasma
Processing Laboratory, Lithuanian Energy
Institute, Breslaujos 3, LT44403 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Institute
of Materials Science, Kaunas University
of Technology, K. Baršausko
59, LT51423 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Liutauras Marcinauskas
- Plasma
Processing Laboratory, Lithuanian Energy
Institute, Breslaujos 3, LT44403 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Department
of Physics, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentų 50, LT-51368 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Mindaugas Andrulevicius
- Institute
of Materials Science, Kaunas University
of Technology, K. Baršausko
59, LT51423 Kaunas, Lithuania
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44
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Lebioda M, Pawlak R, Szymański W, Kaczorowski W, Jeziorna A. Laser Patterning a Graphene Layer on a Ceramic Substrate for Sensor Applications. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20072134. [PMID: 32290089 PMCID: PMC7181160 DOI: 10.3390/s20072134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes a method for patterning the graphene layer and gold electrodes on a ceramic substrate using a Nd:YAG nanosecond fiber laser. The technique enables the processing of both layers and trimming of the sensor parameters. The main aim was to develop a technique for the effective and efficient shaping of both the sensory layer and the metallic electrodes. The laser shaping method is characterized by high speed and very good shape mapping, regardless of the complexity of the processing. Importantly, the technique enables the simultaneous shaping of both the graphene layer and Au electrodes in a direct process that does not require a complex and expensive masking process, and without damaging the ceramic substrate. Our results confirmed the effectiveness of the developed laser technology for shaping a graphene layer and Au electrodes. The ceramic substrate can be used in the construction of various types of sensors operating in a wide temperature range, especially the cryogenic range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Lebioda
- Institute of Electrical Engineering Systems, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-426-312-537
| | - Ryszard Pawlak
- Institute of Electrical Engineering Systems, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Witold Szymański
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (W.S.); (W.K.); (A.J.)
| | - Witold Kaczorowski
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (W.S.); (W.K.); (A.J.)
| | - Agata Jeziorna
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (W.S.); (W.K.); (A.J.)
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The Influence of Laser Ablation Parameters on the Holes Structure of Laser Manufactured Graphene Paper Microsieves. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13071568. [PMID: 32231155 PMCID: PMC7177287 DOI: 10.3390/ma13071568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The graphene paper microsieves can be applied in the filtration of biological fluids or separation of solid particles from exploitation fluids. To produce graphene paper microsieves for specific applications, good control over fabrication should be achieved. In this study, a laser ablation method using a picosecond laser was applied to fabricate graphene paper microsieves. Holes in the microsieves were drilled using pulsed laser radiation with a pulse energy from 5 to 100 µJ, a duration of 60 ps, a wavelength of 355 nm, and a repetition rate of 1 kHz. The impact method was applied using 10 to 100 pulses to drill one hole. To produce holes of a proper diameter which could separate biological particles of a certain size (≥10 µm), optimum parameters of graphene paper laser ablation were defined using the MATLAB software taking into account laser pulse energy, repetition rate, and a desired hole diameter. A series of structural tests were carried out to determine the quality of an edge and a hole shape. Experimental results and Laguerre–Gauss calculations in MATLAB were then compared to perform the analysis of the distribution of diffraction fringes. Optimum experimental parameters were determined for which good susceptibility of the graphene paper to laser processing was observed.
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Vidhya MS, Ravi G, Yuvakkumar R, Velauthapillai D, Thambidurai M, Dang C, Saravanakumar B. Nickel–cobalt hydroxide: a positive electrode for supercapacitor applications. RSC Adv 2020; 10:19410-19418. [PMID: 35515465 PMCID: PMC9054063 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01890b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
So far, numerous metal oxides and metal hydroxides have been reported as an electrode material, a critical component in supercapacitors that determines the operation window of the capacitor. Among them, nickel and cobalt-based materials are studied extensively due to their high capacitance nature. However, the pure phase of hydroxides does not show a significant effect on cycle life. The observed XRD results revealed the phase structures of the obtained Ni(OH)2 and Co–Ni(OH)2 hydroxides. The congruency of the peak positions of Ni(OH)2 and Co–Ni(OH)2 is attributed to the homogeneity of the physical and chemical properties of the as-prepared products. The obtained results from XPS analysis indicated the presence of Co and the chemical states of the as-prepared composite active electrode materials. The SEM analysis revealed that the sample had the configuration of agglomerated particle nature. Moreover, the morphology and structure of the hydroxide materials impacted their charge storage properties. Thus, in this study, Ni(OH)2 and Co–Ni(OH)2 composite materials were produced via a hydrothermal method to obtain controllable morphology. The electrochemical properties were studied. It was observed that both the samples experienced a pseudocapacitive behavior, which was confirmed from the CV curves. For the electrode materials Ni(OH)2 and Co–Ni(OH)2, the specific capacitance (Cs) of about 1038 F g−1 and 1366 F g−1, respectively, were observed at the current density of 1.5 A g−1. The Ni–Co(OH)2 composite showed high capacitance when compared with Ni(OH)2. The cycle index was determined for the electrode materials and it indicated excellent stability. The stability of the cell was investigated up to 2000 cycles, and the cell showed excellent retention of 96.26%. So far, numerous metal oxides and metal hydroxides have been reported as an electrode material, a critical component in supercapacitors that determines the operation window of the capacitor.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - G. Ravi
- Nanomaterials Laboratory
- Department of Physics
- Alagappa University
- India
| | - R. Yuvakkumar
- Nanomaterials Laboratory
- Department of Physics
- Alagappa University
- India
| | - Dhayalan Velauthapillai
- Faculty of Engineering and Science
- Western Norway University of Applied Sciences
- Bergen – 5063
- Norway
| | - M. Thambidurai
- Centre for OptoElectronics and Biophotonics (COEB)
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
- The Photonics Institute (TPI)
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
| | - Cuong Dang
- Centre for OptoElectronics and Biophotonics (COEB)
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
- The Photonics Institute (TPI)
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
| | - B. Saravanakumar
- School for Advanced Research in Polymers (SARP)
- Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric Materials (LARPM)
- Central Institute of Plastics Engineering & Technology (CIPET)
- Bhubaneswar – 751024
- India
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47
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Youssry SM, El-Hallag I, Kumar R, Kawamura G, Matsuda A, El-Nahass MN. Synthesis of mesoporous Co(OH)2 nanostructure film via electrochemical deposition using lyotropic liquid crystal template as improved electrode materials for supercapacitors application. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.113728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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48
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Guo J, Liu Y, Lin Y, Tian Y, Zhang J, Gong T, Cheng T, Huang W, Zhang X. Simulation of tuning graphene plasmonic behaviors by ferroelectric domains for self-driven infrared photodetector applications. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:20868-20875. [PMID: 31657407 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr06508c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a tunable longwave infrared photodetector with ultra-high sensitivity based on graphene surface plasmon polaritons controlled by ferroelectric domains. The simulated results show that the photodetector shows a tunable absorption peak, modulated by periodically polarized ferroelectric domains at the nanoscale, with an ultra-high responsivity up to 7.62 × 106 A W-1 and a detectivity of ∼6.24 × 1013 Jones (Jones = cm Hz1/2 W-1) in the wavelengths ranging from 5 to 20 μm at room temperature. The potential mechanism for the prominent performances of the proposed photodetector can be attributed to the highly confined graphene surface plasmons excited by the local electrical field across the interface of the graphene and ferroelectric layer resonant to the incident wavelength, which could be easily controlled by the features of the ferroelectric domains. Compared with the silicon-based graphene plasmonic photodetector using a complex process of micro-nano fabrication, the proposed photodetector provides the advantages of a more convenient and controllable technique without the need for patterning graphene, and lower energy consumption due to the non-volatile properties of the ferroelectrics without an additional contact electrode. The tunable spectral response and the ultra-high responsivity make the graphene plasmonic photodetector tuned by the ferroelectric domains promising in practical applications of micro-spectrometers and other light sensing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxiong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Electronic Science and Engineering (National Exemplary School of Microelectronics), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China.
| | - Yu Liu
- Institute of Microelectronics, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Yuan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Electronic Science and Engineering (National Exemplary School of Microelectronics), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China.
| | - Yu Tian
- Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jinxing Zhang
- Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Tianxun Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Electronic Science and Engineering (National Exemplary School of Microelectronics), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China.
| | - Tiedong Cheng
- School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Wen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Electronic Science and Engineering (National Exemplary School of Microelectronics), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China.
| | - Xiaosheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Electronic Science and Engineering (National Exemplary School of Microelectronics), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China.
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49
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Kong S, Jin B, Quan X, Zhang G, Guo X, Zhu Q, Yang F, Cheng K, Wang G, Cao D. MnO2 nanosheets decorated porous active carbon derived from wheat bran for high-performance asymmetric supercapacitor. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.113412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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50
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Quesada SJ, Borrás F, García-Vélez M, Coya C, Climent E, Munuera C, Villar I, de la Peña O'Shea VA, de Andrés A, Álvarez ÁL. New Concepts for Production of Scalable Single Layer Oxidized Regions by Local Anodic Oxidation of Graphene. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1902817. [PMID: 31433561 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201902817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A deep comprehension of the local anodic oxidation process in 2D materials is achieved thanks to an extensive experimental and theoretical study of this phenomenon in graphene. This requires to arrange a novel instrumental device capable to generate separated regions of monolayer graphene oxide (GO) over graphene, with any desired size, from micrometers to unprecedented mm2 , in minutes, a milestone in GO monolayer production. GO regions are manufactured by overlapping lots of individual oxide spots of thousands µm2 area. The high reproducibility and circular size of the spots allows not only an exhaustive experimental characterization inside, but also establishing an original model for oxide expansion which, from classical first principles, overcomes the traditional paradigm of the water bridge, and is applicable to any 2D-material. This tool predicts the oxidation behavior with voltage and exposure time, as well as the expected electrical current along the process. The hitherto unreported transient current is measured during oxidation, gaining insight on its components, electrochemical and transport. Just combining electrical measurements and optical imaging estimating carrier mobility and degree of oxidation is possible. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveals a graphene oxidation about 30%, somewhat lower to that obtained by Hummers' method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio J Quesada
- ETSI Telecomunicación, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/ Tulipán, Móstoles, 28933, Spain
| | - Fernando Borrás
- ETSI Telecomunicación, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/ Tulipán, Móstoles, 28933, Spain
| | - Miguel García-Vélez
- ETSI Telecomunicación, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/ Tulipán, Móstoles, 28933, Spain
| | - Carmen Coya
- ETSI Telecomunicación, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/ Tulipán, Móstoles, 28933, Spain
| | - Esteban Climent
- ETSI Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, C/ José Gutiérrez Abascal, Madrid, 28006, Spain
| | - Carmen Munuera
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid - CSIC, Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Ignacio Villar
- Photoactivated Processes Unit, Instituto IMDEA Energía, C/ Ramón de la Sagra 3, Móstoles, 28935, Spain
| | | | - Alicia de Andrés
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid - CSIC, Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Ángel L Álvarez
- ETSI Telecomunicación, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/ Tulipán, Móstoles, 28933, Spain
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