1
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Wang T, He F, Jiang W, Liu J. Electrohydrogenation of Nitriles with Amines by Cobalt Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316140. [PMID: 38124405 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic hydrogenation of nitriles represents an efficient and sustainable one-step synthesis of valuable bulk and fine chemicals. We report herein a molecular cobalt electrocatalyst for selective hydrogenative coupling of nitriles with amines using protons as the hydrogen source. The key to success for this reductive reaction is the use of an electrocatalytic approach for efficient cobalt-hydride generation through a sequence of cathodic reduction and protonation. As only electrons (e- ) and protons (H+ ) as the redox equivalent and hydrogen source, this general electrohydrogenation protocol is showcased by highly selective and straightforward synthesis of various functionalized and structurally diverse amines, as well as deuterium isotope labeling applications. Mechanistic studies reveal that the electrogenerated cobalt-hydride transfer to nitrile process is the rate-determining step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, China
| | - Fangfang He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, China
- Greater Bay Area Institute for Innovation, Hunan University, 511300, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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2
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Zhao W, Wang W, Zhou H, Liu Q, Ma Z, Huang H, Chang M. An Asymmetric Hydrogenation/N-Alkylation Sequence for a Step-Economical Route to Indolizidines and Quinolizidines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308836. [PMID: 37643998 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The direct catalytic asymmetric hydrogenation of pyridines for the synthesis of piperidines remains a challenge. Herein, we report a one-pot asymmetric hydrogenation of pyridines with subsequent N-alkylation using a traceless Brønsted acid activation strategy. Catalyzed by an iridium-BINAP complex, the substrates undergo ketone reduction, cyclization and pyridine hydrogenation in sequence to form indolizidines and quinolizidines. The absolute configuration of the stereocenter of the alcohol is retained and influences the formation of the second stereocenter. Experimental and theoretical mechanistic studies reveal that the chloride anion and certain noncovalent interactions govern the stereoselectivity of the cascade reaction throughout the catalytic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Wenji Wang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Huan Zhou
- College of Plant Protection, Shaanxi Research Center of Biopesticide Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Qishan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqing Ma
- College of Plant Protection, Shaanxi Research Center of Biopesticide Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Haizhou Huang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Mingxin Chang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
- College of Plant Protection, Shaanxi Research Center of Biopesticide Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
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3
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Co-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation. The Same Enantioselection Pattern for Different Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065568. [PMID: 36982642 PMCID: PMC10057697 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of the recently reported catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of enyne 1 catalyzed by the Co-(R,R)-QuinoxP* complex was studied by DFT. Conceivable pathways for the Co(I)-Co(III) mechanism were computed together with a Co(0)-Co(II) catalytic cycle. It is commonly assumed that the exact nature of the chemical transformations taking place along the actually operating catalytic pathway determine the sense and level of enantioselection of the catalytic reaction. In this work, two chemically different mechanisms reproduced the experimentally observed perfect stereoselection of the same handedness. Moreover, the relative stabilities of the transition states of the stereo induction stages were controlled via exactly the same weak disperse interactions between the catalyst and the substrate.
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4
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Liu H, Tan Z, Niu Y, Wang S, Wang Y. Ir-decorated MoS2 monolayer as a promising candidate to detect dissolved gas in transformer oil: A DFT study. Chem Phys Lett 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2023.140410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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5
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Kisten P, Manoury E, Lledós A, Whitwood AC, Lynam JM, Slattery JM, Duckett SB, Poli R. Ir I(η 4-diene) precatalyst activation by strong bases: formation of an anionic Ir III tetrahydride. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:2495-2505. [PMID: 36727834 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt04036k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The reaction between [IrCl(COD)]2 and dppe in a 1 : 2 ratio was investigated in detail under three different conditions. [IrCl(COD)(dppe)], 1, is formed at room temperature in the absence of base. In the presence of a strong base at room temperature, hydride complexes that retain the carbocyclic ligand in the coordination sphere are generated. In isopropanol, 1 is converted into [IrH(1,2,5,6-η2:η2-COD)(dppe)] (2) on addition of KOtBu, with k12 = (1.11 ± 0.02) × 10-4 s-1, followed by reversible isomerisation to [IrH(1-κ-4,5,6-η3-C8H12)(dppe)] (3) with k23 = (3.4 ± 0.2) × 10-4 s-1 and k32 = (1.1 ± 0.3) × 10-5 s-1 to yield an equilibrium 5 : 95 mixture of 2 and 3. However, when no hydride source is present in the strong base (KOtBu in benzene or toluene), the COD ligand in 1 is deprotonated, followed by β-H elimination of an IrI-C8H11 intermediate, which leads to complex [IrH(1-κ-4,5,6-η3-C8H10)(dppe)] (4) selectively. This is followed by its reversible isomerisation to 5, which features a different relative orientation of the same ligands (k45 = (3.92 ± 0.11) × 10-4 s-1; k5-4 = (1.39 ± 0.12) × 10-4 s-1 in C6D6), to yield an equilibrated 32 : 68 mixture of 4 and 5. DFT calculations assisted in the full rationalization of the selectivity and mechanism of the reactions, yielding thermodynamic (equilibrium) and kinetic (isomerization barriers) parameters in excellent agreement with the experimental values. Finally, in the presence of KOtBu and isopropanol at 80 °C, 1 is transformed selectively to K[IrH4(dppe)] (6), a salt of an anionic tetrahydride complex of IrIII. This product is also selectively generated from 2, 3, 4 and 5 and H2 at room temperature, but only when a strong base is present. These results provide an insight into the catalytic action of [IrCl(COD)(LL)] complexes in the hydrogenation of polar substrates in the presence of a base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paven Kisten
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD UK. .,CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France CNRS.
| | - Eric Manoury
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France CNRS.
| | - Agustí Lledós
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Adrian C Whitwood
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD UK.
| | - Jason M Lynam
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD UK.
| | - John M Slattery
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD UK.
| | - Simon B Duckett
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD UK.
| | - Rinaldo Poli
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France CNRS. .,Institut Universitaire de France, 1, rue Descartes, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
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6
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Piperidine Derivatives: Recent Advances in Synthesis and Pharmacological Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032937. [PMID: 36769260 PMCID: PMC9917539 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Piperidines are among the most important synthetic fragments for designing drugs and play a significant role in the pharmaceutical industry. Their derivatives are present in more than twenty classes of pharmaceuticals, as well as alkaloids. The current review summarizes recent scientific literature on intra- and intermolecular reactions leading to the formation of various piperidine derivatives: substituted piperidines, spiropiperidines, condensed piperidines, and piperidinones. Moreover, the pharmaceutical applications of synthetic and natural piperidines were covered, as well as the latest scientific advances in the discovery and biological evaluation of potential drugs containing piperidine moiety. This review is designed to help both novice researchers taking their first steps in this field and experienced scientists looking for suitable substrates for the synthesis of biologically active piperidines.
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7
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Wang J, Wang W, Yang X, Liu J, Huang H, Chang M. Practical N-alkylation via homogeneous iridium-catalyzed direct reductive amination. Sci China Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1494-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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8
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Breitwieser K, Dorta R, Munz D. On the Effect of Iodide and Acids in the Metolachlor Process. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Breitwieser
- Koordinationschemie, Universität des Saarlandes, Campus C4.1, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
| | - Romano Dorta
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie, Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie, Friedrich−Alexander−Universität Erlangen−Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 1, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Dominik Munz
- Koordinationschemie, Universität des Saarlandes, Campus C4.1, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie, Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie, Friedrich−Alexander−Universität Erlangen−Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 1, Erlangen 91058, Germany
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9
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Darù A, Martín-Fernández C, Harvey JN. Iron-Catalyzed Kumada Cross-Coupling Reaction Involving Fe 8Me 12– and Related Clusters: A Computational Study. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c03436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Darù
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California92037, United States
| | | | - Jeremy N. Harvey
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, LeuvenB-3001, Belgium
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10
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Wang Y, Liu S, Yang H, Li H, Lan Y, Liu Q. Structure, reactivity and catalytic properties of manganese-hydride amidate complexes. Nat Chem 2022; 14:1233-1241. [PMID: 36097055 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-01036-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The high efficiency of widely applied Noyori-type hydrogenation catalysts arises from the N-H moiety coordinated to a metal centre, which stabilizes rate-determining transition states through hydrogen-bonding interactions. It was proposed that a higher efficiency could be achieved by substituting an N-M' group (M' = alkali metals) for the N-H moiety using a large excess of metal alkoxides (M'OR); however, such a metal-hydride amidate intermediate has not yet been isolated. Here we present the synthesis, isolation and reactivity of a metal-hydride amidate complex (HMn-NLi). Kinetic studies show that the rate of hydride transfer from HMn-NLi to a ketone is 24-fold higher than that of the corresponding amino metal-hydride complex (HMn-NH). Moreover, the hydrogenation of N-alkyl-substituted aldimines was realized using HMn-NLi as the active catalyst, whereas HMn-NH is much less effective. These results highlight the superiority of M/NM' bifunctional catalysis over the classic M/NH bifunctional catalysis for hydrogenation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Wang
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Shihan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haobo Yang
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hengxu Li
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Lan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China. .,College of Chemistry and Institute of Green Catalysis, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Qiang Liu
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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11
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A Plausible Mechanism for the Iridium-Catalyzed Hydrogenation of a Bulky N-Aryl Imine in the (S)-Metolachlor Process. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165106. [PMID: 36014344 PMCID: PMC9414898 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The hydrogenation of N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-1-methoxypropan-2-imine is the largest-scale asymmetric catalytic process for the industrial production of agrochemical (S)-metolachlor. The challenging hydrogenation across the sterically crowded carbon–nitrogen double bond was achieved using a mixture of [IrCl(COD)]2, (R,SFc)-Xyliphos, NBu4I and acetic acid. Acetic acid was critical in achieving excellent productivity and activity. Despite its industrial significance, a mechanism that explains how the sterically hindered bond in the imine is reduced has yet to be proposed. We propose a plausible proton-first, outer-sphere mechanism based on density functional theory calculations that is consistent with the experimentally observed activity and the enantioselectivity of the industrial process. Key findings include transition states involving acetate-assisted dihydrogen splitting, and a hydride transfer from a five-coordinate iridium trihydride directed by a C-H∙∙∙Ir interaction. This article was submitted to a Special Issue in honor of Professor Henri Kagan.
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12
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Wu Z, Wang W, Guo H, Gao G, Huang H, Chang M. Iridium-catalyzed direct asymmetric reductive amination utilizing primary alkyl amines as the N-sources. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3344. [PMID: 35688909 PMCID: PMC9187633 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31045-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct asymmetric reductive amination is one of the most efficient methods for the construction of chiral amines, in which the scope of the applicable amine coupling partners remains a significant challenge. In this study we describe primary alkyl amines effectively serve as the N-sources in direct asymmetric reductive amination catalyzed by the iridium precursor and sterically tunable chiral phosphoramidite ligands. The density functional theory studies of the reaction mechanism imply the alkyl amine substrates serve as a ligand of iridium strengthened by a (N)H-O(P) hydrogen-bonding attraction, and the hydride addition occurs via an outer-sphere transition state, in which the Cl-H H-bonding plays an important role. Through this concise procedure, cinacalcet, tecalcet, fendiline and many other related chiral amines have been synthesized in one single step with high yields and excellent enantioselectivity. Direct asymmetric reductive amination is one of the most efficient methods for obtaining chiral amines. Here the authors show how primary alkyl amines can undergo this transformation in the presence of an iridium catalyst with sterically tuneable chiral phosphoramidite ligands, achieving the synthesis of pharmaceutical compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zitong Wu
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.,College of Plant Protection, Shaanxi Research Center of Biopesticide Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Wenji Wang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Haodong Guo
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Guorui Gao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, 88 Wenhuadong Road, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Haizhou Huang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Mingxin Chang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China. .,College of Plant Protection, Shaanxi Research Center of Biopesticide Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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13
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Qiao B, Bai R, Zhang T, Li SJ, Lan Y. An alternative non-redox Ni(I) pathway in hydroaminomethylation: A theoretical perspective. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Arsenyeva KV, Klimashevskaya AV, Pashanova KI, Trofimova OY, Chegerev MG, Starikova AA, Cherkasov AV, Fukin GK, Yakushev IA, Piskunov AV. Stable heterocyclic stannylene: The metal, ligand‐centered reactivity, and effective catalytic hydroboration of aldehydes. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kseniya V. Arsenyeva
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences Nizhny Novgorod Russian Federation
| | - Anastasiya V. Klimashevskaya
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences Nizhny Novgorod Russian Federation
| | - Kira I. Pashanova
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences Nizhny Novgorod Russian Federation
| | - Olesya Yu. Trofimova
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences Nizhny Novgorod Russian Federation
| | - Maxim G. Chegerev
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry Southern Federal University Rostov‐on‐Don Russian Federation
| | - Alyona A. Starikova
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry Southern Federal University Rostov‐on‐Don Russian Federation
| | - Anton V. Cherkasov
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences Nizhny Novgorod Russian Federation
| | - Georgy K. Fukin
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences Nizhny Novgorod Russian Federation
| | - Ilya A. Yakushev
- N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Alexandr V. Piskunov
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences Nizhny Novgorod Russian Federation
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15
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Steiner M, Reiher M. Autonomous Reaction Network Exploration in Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis. Top Catal 2022; 65:6-39. [PMID: 35185305 PMCID: PMC8816766 DOI: 10.1007/s11244-021-01543-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Autonomous computations that rely on automated reaction network elucidation algorithms may pave the way to make computational catalysis on a par with experimental research in the field. Several advantages of this approach are key to catalysis: (i) automation allows one to consider orders of magnitude more structures in a systematic and open-ended fashion than what would be accessible by manual inspection. Eventually, full resolution in terms of structural varieties and conformations as well as with respect to the type and number of potentially important elementary reaction steps (including decomposition reactions that determine turnover numbers) may be achieved. (ii) Fast electronic structure methods with uncertainty quantification warrant high efficiency and reliability in order to not only deliver results quickly, but also to allow for predictive work. (iii) A high degree of autonomy reduces the amount of manual human work, processing errors, and human bias. Although being inherently unbiased, it is still steerable with respect to specific regions of an emerging network and with respect to the addition of new reactant species. This allows for a high fidelity of the formalization of some catalytic process and for surprising in silico discoveries. In this work, we first review the state of the art in computational catalysis to embed autonomous explorations into the general field from which it draws its ingredients. We then elaborate on the specific conceptual issues that arise in the context of autonomous computational procedures, some of which we discuss at an example catalytic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Steiner
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Reiher
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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16
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Gao Z, Liu J, Huang H, Geng H, Chang M. An Iridium Catalytic System Compatible with Inorganic and Organic Nitrogen Sources for Dual Asymmetric Reductive Amination Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaofeng Gao
- Department of Chemistry Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology Northwest A&F University 22 Xinong Road Yangling Shaanxi 712100 P. R. China
| | - Jingwen Liu
- Department of Chemistry Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology Northwest A&F University 22 Xinong Road Yangling Shaanxi 712100 P. R. China
| | - Haizhou Huang
- Department of Chemistry Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology Northwest A&F University 22 Xinong Road Yangling Shaanxi 712100 P. R. China
| | - Huiling Geng
- Department of Chemistry Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology Northwest A&F University 22 Xinong Road Yangling Shaanxi 712100 P. R. China
| | - Mingxin Chang
- Department of Chemistry Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology Northwest A&F University 22 Xinong Road Yangling Shaanxi 712100 P. R. China
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17
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Gao Z, Liu J, Huang H, Geng H, Chang M. An Iridium Catalytic System Compatible with Inorganic and Organic Nitrogen Sources for Dual Asymmetric Reductive Amination Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:27307-27311. [PMID: 34699113 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetric reductive amination (ARA) is one of the most promising methods for the synthesis of chiral amines. Herein we report our efforts on merging two ARA reactions into a single-step transformation. Catalyzed by a complex formed from iridium and a steric hindered phosphoramidite, readily available and inexpensive aromatic ketones initially undergo the first ARA with ammonium acetate to afford primary amines, which serve as the amine sources for the second ARA, and finally provide the enantiopure C2 -symmetric secondary amine products. The developed process competently enables the successive coupling of inorganic and organic nitrogen sources with ketones in the same reaction system. The Brønsted acid additive plays multiple roles in this procedure: it accelerates the formation of imine intermediates, minimizes the inhibitory effect of N-containing species on the iridium catalyst, and reduces the primary amine side products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaofeng Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Jingwen Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Haizhou Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Huiling Geng
- Department of Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Mingxin Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
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Arsenyeva KV, Pashanova KI, Trofimova OY, Ershova IV, Chegerev MG, Starikova AA, Cherkasov AV, Syroeshkin MA, Kozmenkova AY, Piskunov AV. O,N-Heterocyclic germylenes as efficient catalysts for hydroboration and cyanosilylation of benzaldehyde. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj01644j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Novel O,N-heterocyclic germylenes were examined as catalysts for cyanosilylation and hydroboration of benzaldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kseniya V. Arsenyeva
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences
- Nizhny Novgorod
- Russian Federation
| | - Kira I. Pashanova
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences
- Nizhny Novgorod
- Russian Federation
| | - Olesya Yu. Trofimova
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences
- Nizhny Novgorod
- Russian Federation
| | - Irina V. Ershova
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences
- Nizhny Novgorod
- Russian Federation
| | - Maxim G. Chegerev
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry at Southern Federal University
- Rostov-on-Don
- Russian Federation
| | - Alyona A. Starikova
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry at Southern Federal University
- Rostov-on-Don
- Russian Federation
| | - Anton V. Cherkasov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences
- Nizhny Novgorod
- Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail A. Syroeshkin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow
- Russian Federation
| | - Anna Ya. Kozmenkova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow
- Russian Federation
| | - Alexandr V. Piskunov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences
- Nizhny Novgorod
- Russian Federation
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19
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20
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Wen J, Wang F, Zhang X. Asymmetric hydrogenation catalyzed by first-row transition metal complexes. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:3211-3237. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00082e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on asymmetric direct and transfer hydrogenation with first-row transition metal complexes. The reaction mechanisms and the models of enantiomeric induction were summarized and emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Wen
- Department of Chemistry
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen
- China
| | - Fangyuan Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen
- China
| | - Xumu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen
- China
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21
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Huang L, Wang Y, Liu J, Li S, Zhang W, Lan Y. Mechanistic Study of Cu-Catalyzed Addition Reaction of lsocyanates. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202107031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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Abdine RAA, Hedouin G, Colobert F, Wencel-Delord J. Metal-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of C═N Bonds. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Racha Abed Ali Abdine
- Laboratoire d’Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (UMR CNRS 7042), Université de Strasbourg/Université de Haute Alsace, ECPM, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Gaspard Hedouin
- Laboratoire d’Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (UMR CNRS 7042), Université de Strasbourg/Université de Haute Alsace, ECPM, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Françoise Colobert
- Laboratoire d’Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (UMR CNRS 7042), Université de Strasbourg/Université de Haute Alsace, ECPM, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Joanna Wencel-Delord
- Laboratoire d’Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (UMR CNRS 7042), Université de Strasbourg/Université de Haute Alsace, ECPM, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France
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23
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Hamza A, Sorochkina K, Kótai B, Chernichenko K, Berta D, Bolte M, Nieger M, Repo T, Pápai I. Origin of Stereoselectivity in FLP-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Imines. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c04263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Hamza
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kristina Sorochkina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A. I. Virtasen aukio 1, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bianka Kótai
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Konstantin Chernichenko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A. I. Virtasen aukio 1, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dénes Berta
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Michael Bolte
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Martin Nieger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A. I. Virtasen aukio 1, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Repo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A. I. Virtasen aukio 1, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Imre Pápai
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
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24
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Kim AN, Stoltz BM. Recent Advances in Homogeneous Catalysts for the Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Heteroarenes. ACS Catal 2020; 10:13834-13851. [PMID: 34567830 PMCID: PMC8460131 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The asymmetric hydrogenation of heteroarenes has recently emerged as an effective strategy for the direct access to enantioenriched, saturated heterocycles. Although several homogeneous catalyst systems have been extensively developed for the hydrogenation of heteroarenes with high levels of chemo- and stereoselectivity, the development of mild conditions that allow for efficient and stereoselective hydrogenation of a broad range of substrates remains a challenge. This Perspective highlights recent advances in homogeneous catalysis of heteroarene hydrogenation as inspiration for the further development of asymmetric hydrogenation catalysts, and addresses underdeveloped areas and limitations of the current technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia N. Kim
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Brian M. Stoltz
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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25
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Li SJ, Lan Y. Is Cu(iii) a necessary intermediate in Cu-mediated coupling reactions? A mechanistic point of view. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:6609-6619. [PMID: 32441282 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc01946a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The different pathways have been summarized to disclose the key intermediate in copper-mediated coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Jun Li
- College of Chemistry, and Institute of Green Catalysis
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Yu Lan
- College of Chemistry, and Institute of Green Catalysis
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
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26
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Pilar Lamata M, Passarelli V, Carmona D. Recent Advances in Iridium-Catalysed Transfer Hydrogenation Reactions. TOP ORGANOMETAL CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/3418_2020_59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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