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Schiavone V, Romasco T, Di Pietrantonio N, Garzoli S, Palmerini C, Di Tomo P, Pipino C, Mandatori D, Fioravanti R, Butturini E, Sabatino M, Baldassarre MPA, Ragno R, Pandolfi A, Di Pietro N. Essential Oils from Mediterranean Plants Inhibit In Vitro Monocyte Adhesion to Endothelial Cells from Umbilical Cords of Females with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087225. [PMID: 37108387 PMCID: PMC10138528 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) are mixtures of volatile compounds belonging to several chemical classes derived from aromatic plants using different distillation techniques. Recent studies suggest that the consumption of Mediterranean plants, such as anise and laurel, contributes to improving the lipid and glycemic profile of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Hence, the aim of the present study was to investigate the potential anti-inflammatory effect of anise and laurel EOs (AEO and LEO) on endothelial cells isolated from the umbilical cord vein of females with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM-HUVEC), which is a suitable in vitro model to reproduce the pro-inflammatory phenotype of a diabetic endothelium. For this purpose, the Gas Chromatographic/Mass Spectrometric (GC-MS) chemical profiles of AEO and LEO were first analyzed. Thus, GDM-HUVEC and related controls (C-HUVEC) were pre-treated for 24 h with AEO and LEO at 0.025% v/v, a concentration chosen among others (cell viability by MTT assay), and then stimulated with TNF-α (1 ng/mL). From the GC-MS analysis, trans-anethole (88.5%) and 1,8-cineole (53.9%) resulted as the major components of AEO and LEO, respectively. The results in C- and GDM-HUVEC showed that the treatment with both EOs significantly reduced: (i) the adhesion of the U937 monocyte to HUVEC; (ii) vascular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) protein and gene expression; (iii) Nuclear Factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 nuclear translocation. Taken together, these data suggest the anti-inflammatory efficacy of AEO and LEO in our in vitro model and lay the groundwork for further preclinical and clinical studies to study their potential use as supplements to mitigate vascular endothelial dysfunction associated with DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Schiavone
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology-CAST, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Tea Romasco
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology-CAST, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Nadia Di Pietrantonio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology-CAST, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Stefania Garzoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Carola Palmerini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology-CAST, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Pamela Di Tomo
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology-CAST, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Caterina Pipino
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology-CAST, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Domitilla Mandatori
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology-CAST, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Rossella Fioravanti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Elena Butturini
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy
| | - Manuela Sabatino
- Rome Center for Molecular Design-RCMD, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Maria Pompea Antonia Baldassarre
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology-CAST, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Rino Ragno
- Rome Center for Molecular Design-RCMD, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Assunta Pandolfi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology-CAST, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Natalia Di Pietro
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology-CAST, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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Kairey L, Agnew T, Bowles EJ, Barkla BJ, Wardle J, Lauche R. Efficacy and safety of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil for human health-A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1116077. [PMID: 37033604 PMCID: PMC10080088 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1116077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Leaves of the Australian tea tree plant Melaleuca alternifolia were used traditionally by First Nations Australians for treating wounds, burns, and insect bites. Tea tree oil, the essential oil steam-distilled from M. alternifolia, is well-known for its medicinal properties, the evidence for most applications however is limited. This review aimed to critically appraise evidence from clinical trials examining the therapeutic efficacy and safety of tea tree oil on outcomes. Methods: Randomized controlled trials with participants of any age, gender, or health status, comparing tea tree oil to any control were included, without limit on publication date. Electronic databases were searched on 12 August 2022 with additional records sourced from article reference sections, reviews, and industry white papers. Risk of bias was assessed by two authors independently using the Cochrane risk-of-bias 1.0 tool. Results were summarized and synthesized thematically. Results: Forty-six articles were eligible from the following medical fields (Dentistry n = 18, Dermatology n = 9, Infectious disease n = 9, Ophthalmology n = 6, Podiatry n = 3; and Other n = 1). Results indicate that oral mouthwashes with 0.2%-0.5% tea tree oil may limit accumulation of dental plaque. Gels containing 5% tea tree oil applied directly to the periodontium may aid treatment of periodontitis as an adjunctive therapy to scaling and root planing. More evidence is needed to confirm the benefits of tea tree oil for reducing acne lesions and severity. Local anti-inflammatory effects on skin, if any, also require further elucidation. Topical tea tree oil regimens show similar efficacy to standard treatments for decolonizing the body from methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, although intra-nasal use of tea tree oil may cause irritation to mucous membranes. Tea tree oil with added iodine may provide an effective treatment for molluscum contagiosum lesions in young children. More evidence on efficacy of tea tree oil-based eyelid wipes for Demodex mite control are needed. Side effects were reported in 60% of included studies and were minor, except where tea tree oil was applied topically in concentrations ≥ 25%. Discussion: Overall, the quality of research was poor to modest and higher quality trials with larger samples and better reporting are required to substantiate potential therapeutic applications of tea tree oil. Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO, identifier [CRD42021285168].
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana Kairey
- National Centre for Naturopathic Medicine, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | - Tamara Agnew
- National Centre for Naturopathic Medicine, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | - Esther Joy Bowles
- National Centre for Naturopathic Medicine, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | - Bronwyn J. Barkla
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | - Jon Wardle
- National Centre for Naturopathic Medicine, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | - Romy Lauche
- National Centre for Naturopathic Medicine, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Romy Lauche,
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Baptista-Silva S, Borges S, Ramos OL, Pintado M, Sarmento B. The progress of essential oils as potential therapeutic agents: a review. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2020.1746698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Baptista-Silva
- CBQF Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa , Porto, Portugal
| | - Sandra Borges
- CBQF Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa , Porto, Portugal
| | - Oscar L. Ramos
- CBQF Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa , Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela Pintado
- CBQF Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa , Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- I3S Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto , Porto, Portugal
- INEB Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto , Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, CESPU , Gandra, Portugal
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Loyeung B, Lee J, Michaeil C, Zaslawski C. An experimental study in distinguishing an authentic herbal substance from sham herbal substances. Complement Ther Med 2018; 39:92-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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Sharifi-Rad J, Salehi B, Varoni EM, Sharopov F, Yousaf Z, Ayatollahi SA, Kobarfard F, Sharifi-Rad M, Afdjei MH, Sharifi-Rad M, Iriti M. Plants of the Melaleuca Genus as Antimicrobial Agents: From Farm to Pharmacy. Phytother Res 2017; 31:1475-1494. [PMID: 28782167 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Plants belonging to Melaleuca genus (Myrtaceae family) are native to Oceania, where they have been used for ages by Aborigine people in Australian traditional medicine, mainly because of their broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. Although, M. linariifolia, M. dissitiflora, and other species of Melaleuca can also be used, the tea tree oil, an essential oil obtained from M. alternifolia shows the longest history of medicinal uses. Tea tree oil contains for the 80-90% several monoterpenes (terpinen-4-ol, α-terpinene, 1,8-cineol, p-cymene, α-terpineol, α-pinene, terpinolene, limonene, and sabinene). Sesquiterpenes and aromatic compounds further compose this oil. The essential oil of Melaleuca spp. has been reported to possess effective antibacterial and antifungal properties in vitro. In particular, data show that 1,8-cineol, terpinen-4-ol and methyl eugenol play the key role in mediating this oil's antimicrobial activity. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahare Salehi
- Young Researchers and Elites Club, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elena Maria Varoni
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Milan State University, via Beldiletto 1/3, Milan, 20142, Italy
| | - Farukh Sharopov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Rudaki 139, 734003, Dushanbe, Tajikistan
| | - Zubaida Yousaf
- Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Jail Road Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Seyed Abdulmajid Ayatollahi
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Kobarfard
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Sharifi-Rad
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, 61663-335, Iran
| | | | - Majid Sharifi-Rad
- Department of Range and Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | - Marcello Iriti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Milan State University, Milan, Italy
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In vitro and ex vivo activity of Melaleuca alternifolia against protoscoleces of Echinococcus ortleppi. Parasitology 2016; 144:214-219. [PMID: 27762176 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182016001621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis is a zoonotic disease of difficult diagnosis and treatment. The use of protoscolicidal agents in procedures is of utmost importance for treatment success. This study was aimed at analysing the in vitro and ex vivo activity of Melaleuca alternifolia oil (tea tree oil - TTO), its nanoemulsion formulation (NE-TTO) and its major component (terpinen-4-ol) against Echinococcus ortleppi protoscoleces obtained from cattle. Concentrations of 2·5, 5 and 10 mg mL-1 of TTO, 10 mg mL-1 of NE-TTO and 1, 1·5 and 2 mg mL-1 of terpinen-4-ol were evaluated in vitro against protoscoleces at 5, 10, 15 and 30 min. TTO was also injected directly into hydatid cysts (ex vivo analysis, n = 20) and the viability of protoscoleces was evaluated at 5, 15 and 30 min. The results indicated protoscolicidal effect at all tested formulations and concentrations. Terpinen-4-ol (2 mg mL-1) activity was superior when compared with the highest concentration of TTO. NE-TTO reached a gradual protoscolicidal effect. TTO at 20 mg mL-1 showed 90% protoscolicidal action in hydatid cysts at 5 min. The results showed that TTO affects the viability of E. ortleppi protoscoleces, suggesting a new protoscolicidal option to the treatment of cystic equinococcosis.
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Ali B, Al-Wabel NA, Shams S, Ahamad A, Khan SA, Anwar F. Essential oils used in aromatherapy: A systemic review. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 409] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Bezdjian A, Mujica-Mota MA, Azzi M, Daniel SJ. Assessment of ototoxicity of tea tree oil in a chinchilla animal model. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2014; 78:2136-9. [PMID: 25441606 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2014.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 09/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study is to examine the effects of tea tree oil on hearing function and cochlear morphology after intratympanic administration in a chinchilla animal model. METHODS Nine chinchillas received intratympanic injection of 3% tea tree oil dissolved in olive oil in one ear, whereas the contralateral control ear received olive oil only. Outcome measures included auditory brainstem responses conducted before treatment and at 10 days and 30 days following the injection. Post-mortem cochlear morphology was assessed using scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS At 10 and 30 days following the injection, there was no significant change in auditory brain response thresholds at 8, 16, 20 or 25kHz. Scanning electron microscopy imaging showed no damage to auditory hair cells. CONCLUSION Tea tree oil (3%) does not appear to be ototoxic in a chinchilla animal model. Future preclinical and clinical studies are required to establish the effectiveness of TTO in treating otitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aren Bezdjian
- McGill Auditory Sciences Laboratory, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, McGill University, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mario A Mujica-Mota
- McGill Auditory Sciences Laboratory, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michelle Azzi
- McGill Auditory Sciences Laboratory, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sam J Daniel
- McGill Auditory Sciences Laboratory, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, McGill University, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Hammer KA. Treatment of acne with tea tree oil (melaleuca) products: a review of efficacy, tolerability and potential modes of action. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2014; 45:106-10. [PMID: 25465857 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2014.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Over-the-counter acne treatments containing tea tree oil from the plant Melaleuca alternifolia are widely available, and evidence indicates that they are a common choice amongst those self-treating their acne. The aims of this review were to collate and evaluate the clinical evidence on the use of tea tree oil products for treating acne, to review safety and tolerability and to discuss the underlying modes of therapeutic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Hammer
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (M504), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, Perth 6009, WA, Australia.
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Correlations of the components of tea tree oil with its antibacterial effects and skin irritation. J Food Drug Anal 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2013.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Blackwood B, Thompson G, McMullan R, Stevenson M, Riley TV, Alderdice FA, Trinder TJ, Lavery GG, McAuley DF. Tea tree oil (5%) body wash versus standard care (Johnson's Baby Softwash) to prevent colonization with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in critically ill adults: a randomized controlled trial. J Antimicrob Chemother 2013; 68:1193-9. [PMID: 23297395 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dks501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether the daily use of 5% tea tree oil (TTO) body wash (Novabac 5% Skin Wash) compared with standard care [Johnson's Baby Softwash (JBS)] had a lower incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization. PATIENTS The study setting was two intensive care units (ICUs; mixed medical, surgical and trauma) in Northern Ireland between October 2007 and July 2009. The study population comprised 391 patients who were randomized to JBS or TTO body wash. METHODS This was a Phase 2/3, prospective, open-label, randomized, controlled trial. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN65190967. The primary outcome was new MRSA colonization during ICU stay. Secondary outcomes included the incidence of MRSA bacteraemia and maximum increase in sequential organ failure assessment score. RESULTS A total of 445 patients were randomized to the study. After randomization, 54 patients were withdrawn; 30 because of a positive MRSA screen at study entry, 11 due to lack of consent, 11 were inappropriately randomized and 2 had adverse reactions. Thirty-nine (10%) patients developed new MRSA colonization (JBS n = 22, 11.2%; TTO body wash n = 17, 8.7%). The difference in percentage colonized (2.5%, 95% CI - 8.95 to 3.94; P = 0.50) was not significant. The mean maximum increase in sequential organ failure assessment score was not significant (JBS 1.44, SD 1.92; TTO body wash 1.28, SD 1.79; P = 0.85) and no study patients developed MRSA bacteraemia. CONCLUSIONS Compared with JBS, TTO body wash cannot be recommended as an effective means of reducing MRSA colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronagh Blackwood
- Queen's University Belfast, Centre for Infection & Immunity, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Sciences, Belfast, Northern Ireland.
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McCambridge J, Kypri K, Bendtsen P, Porter J. The use of deception in public health behavioral intervention trials: a case study of three online alcohol trials. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOETHICS : AJOB 2013; 13:39-47. [PMID: 24161181 PMCID: PMC3856517 DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2013.839751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Some public health behavioral intervention research studies involve deception. A methodological imperative to minimize bias can be in conflict with the ethical principle of informed consent. As a case study, we examine the specific forms of deception used in three online randomized controlled trials evaluating brief alcohol interventions. We elaborate our own decision making about the use of deception in these trials, and present our ongoing findings and uncertainties. We discuss the value of the approach of pragmatism for examining these kinds of ethical issues that can arise in research on public health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - John Porter
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
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Activity of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil on Influenza virus A/PR/8: Study on the mechanism of action. Antiviral Res 2011; 89:83-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2010.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2010] [Revised: 10/18/2010] [Accepted: 11/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Garozzo A, Timpanaro R, Bisignano B, Furneri P, Bisignano G, Castro A. In vitroantiviral activity ofMelaleuca alternifoliaessential oil. Lett Appl Microbiol 2009; 49:806-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2009.02740.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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