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Mohr ME, Li S, Trouten AM, Stairley RA, Roddy PL, Liu C, Zhang M, Sucov HM, Tao G. Cardiomyocyte-fibroblast interaction regulates ferroptosis and fibrosis after myocardial injury. iScience 2024; 27:109219. [PMID: 38469561 PMCID: PMC10926204 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Neonatal mouse hearts have transient renewal capacity, which is lost in juvenile and adult stages. In neonatal mouse hearts, myocardial infarction (MI) causes an initial loss of cardiomyocytes. However, it is unclear which type of regulated cell death (RCD) occurs in stressed cardiomyocytes. In the current studies, we induced MI in neonatal and juvenile mouse hearts and showed that ischemic cardiomyocytes primarily undergo ferroptosis, a non-apoptotic and iron-dependent form of RCD. We demonstrated that cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) protect cardiomyocytes from ferroptosis through paracrine effects and direct cell-cell interaction. CFs show strong resistance to ferroptosis due to high ferritin expression. The fibrogenic activity of CFs, typically considered detrimental to heart function, is negatively regulated by paired-like homeodomain 2 (Pitx2) signaling from cardiomyocytes. In addition, Pitx2 prevents ferroptosis in cardiomyocytes by regulating ferroptotic genes. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms of cardiomyocyte survival and death can identify potentially translatable therapeutic strategies for MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E. Mohr
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Allison M. Trouten
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Rebecca A. Stairley
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Patrick L. Roddy
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Chun Liu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Min Zhang
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Henry M. Sucov
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Ge Tao
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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Long H, Steimle JD, Grisanti Canozo FJ, Kim JH, Li X, Morikawa Y, Park M, Turaga D, Adachi I, Wythe JD, Samee MAH, Martin JF. Endothelial cells adopt a pro-reparative immune responsive signature during cardiac injury. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202201870. [PMID: 38012001 PMCID: PMC10681909 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Modulation of the heart's immune microenvironment is crucial for recovery after ischemic events such as myocardial infarction (MI). Endothelial cells (ECs) can have immune regulatory functions; however, interactions between ECs and the immune environment in the heart after MI remain poorly understood. We identified an EC-specific IFN responsive and immune regulatory gene signature in adult and pediatric heart failure (HF) tissues. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of murine hearts subjected to MI uncovered an EC population (IFN-ECs) with immunologic gene signatures similar to those in human HF. IFN-ECs were enriched in regenerative-stage mouse hearts and expressed genes encoding immune responsive transcription factors (Irf7, Batf2, and Stat1). Single-cell chromatin accessibility studies revealed an enrichment of these TF motifs at IFN-EC signature genes. Expression of immune regulatory ligand genes by IFN-ECs suggests bidirectional signaling between IFN-ECs and macrophages in regenerative-stage hearts. Our data suggest that ECs may adopt immune regulatory signatures after cardiac injury to accompany the reparative response. The presence of these signatures in human HF and murine MI models suggests a potential role for EC-mediated immune regulation in responding to stress induced by acute injury in MI and chronic adverse remodeling in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hali Long
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Interdepartmental Program in Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Steimle
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Jong Hwan Kim
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- https://ror.org/00r4vsg44 Cardiomyocyte Renewal Laboratory, The Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiao Li
- https://ror.org/00r4vsg44 Cardiomyocyte Renewal Laboratory, The Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuka Morikawa
- https://ror.org/00r4vsg44 Cardiomyocyte Renewal Laboratory, The Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Minjun Park
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Diwakar Turaga
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Section of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Iki Adachi
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Section of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joshua D Wythe
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Md Abul Hassan Samee
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - James F Martin
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Interdepartmental Program in Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- https://ror.org/00r4vsg44 Cardiomyocyte Renewal Laboratory, The Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, USA
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Center for Organ Repair and Renewal, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Li S, Tao G. Perish in the Attempt: Regulated Cell Death in Regenerative and Nonregenerative Tissue. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 39:1053-1069. [PMID: 37218435 PMCID: PMC10715443 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Significance: A cell plays its roles throughout its life span, even during its demise. Regulated cell death (RCD) is one of the key topics in modern biomedical studies. It is considered the main approach for removing stressed and/or damaged cells. Research during the past two decades revealed more roles of RCD, such as coordinating tissue development and driving compensatory proliferation during tissue repair. Recent Advances: Compensatory proliferation, initially identified in primitive organisms during the regeneration of lost tissue, is an evolutionarily conserved process that also functions in mammals. Among various types of RCD, apoptosis is considered the top candidate to induce compensatory proliferation in damaged tissue. Critical Issues: The roles of apoptosis in the recovery of nonregenerative tissue are still vague. The roles of other types of RCD, such as necroptosis and ferroptosis, have not been well characterized in the context of tissue regeneration. Future Directions: In this review article, we attempt to summarize the recent insights on the role of RCD in tissue repair. We focus on apoptosis, with expansion to ferroptosis and necroptosis, in primitive organisms with significant regenerative capacity as well as common mammalian research models. After gathering hints from regenerative tissue, in the second half of the review, we take a notoriously nonregenerative tissue, the myocardium, as an example to discuss the role of RCD in terminally differentiated quiescent cells. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 39, 1053-1069.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Ge Tao
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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Mohr ME, Li S, Trouten AM, Stairley RA, Roddy PL, Liu C, Zhang M, Sucov HM, Tao G. Cardiomyocyte-fibroblast interaction regulates ferroptosis and fibrosis after myocardial injury. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.07.527364. [PMID: 36798323 PMCID: PMC9934560 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.07.527364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal mouse hearts have transient renewal capacity which is lost in juvenile and adult hearts. After myocardial infarction (MI) in neonatal hearts, an initial loss of cardiomyocytes occurs but it is unclear through which type of regulated cell death (RCD). In the current studies, we induced MI in neonatal and juvenile mouse hearts, and show that ischemic cardiomyocytes primarily undergo ferroptosis, a non-apoptotic and iron-dependent form of RCD. We demonstrate that cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) protect cardiomyocytes from ferroptosis through paracrine factors and direct cell-cell interaction. CFs show strong resistance to ferroptosis due to high ferritin expression. Meanwhile, the fibrogenic role of CFs, typically considered detrimental to heart function, is negatively regulated by paired-like homeodomain 2 (Pitx2) signaling from cardiomyocytes. In addition, Pitx2 prevents ferroptosis in cardiomyocytes by regulating ferroptotic genes. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms of cardiomyocyte survival and death can identify potentially translatable therapeutic strategies for MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E. Mohr
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Allison M. Trouten
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Rebecca A. Stairley
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Patrick L. Roddy
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Chun Liu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Min Zhang
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200127 Shanghai, China
| | - Henry M. Sucov
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Ge Tao
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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Fabrication of Conductive Tissue Engineering Nanocomposite Films Based on Chitosan and Surfactant-Stabilized Graphene Dispersions. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14183792. [PMID: 36145937 PMCID: PMC9503515 DOI: 10.3390/polym14183792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan (CS)/graphene nanocomposite films with tunable biomechanics, electroconductivity and biocompatibility using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and Pluronic F108 (Plu) as emulsion stabilizers for the purpose of conductive tissue engineering were successfully obtained. In order to obtain a composite solution, aqueous dispersions of multilayered graphene stabilized with Plu/PVP were supplied with CS at a ratio of CS to stabilizers of 2:1, respectively. Electroconductive films were obtained by the solution casting method. The electrical conductivity, mechanical properties and in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of the resulting films were assessed in relation to the graphene concentration and stabilizer type and they were close to that of smooth muscle tissue. According to the results of the in vitro cytotoxicity analysis, the films did not release soluble cytotoxic components into the cell culture medium. The high adhesion of murine fibroblasts to the films indicated the absence of contact cytotoxicity. In subcutaneous implantation in Wistar rats, we found that stabilizers reduced the brittleness of the chitosan films and the inflammatory response.
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Ross Stewart KM, Walker SL, Baker AH, Riley PR, Brittan M. Hooked on heart regeneration: the zebrafish guide to recovery. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 118:1667-1679. [PMID: 34164652 PMCID: PMC9215194 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
While humans lack sufficient capacity to undergo cardiac regeneration following injury, zebrafish can fully recover from a range of cardiac insults. Over the past two decades, our understanding of the complexities of both the independent and co-ordinated injury responses by multiple cardiac tissues during zebrafish heart regeneration has increased exponentially. Although cardiomyocyte regeneration forms the cornerstone of the reparative process in the injured zebrafish heart, recent studies have shown that this is dependent on prior neovascularization and lymphangiogenesis, which in turn require epicardial, endocardial, and inflammatory cell signalling within an extracellular milieu that is optimized for regeneration. Indeed, it is the amalgamation of multiple regenerative systems and gene regulatory patterns that drives the much-heralded success of the adult zebrafish response to cardiac injury. Increasing evidence supports the emerging paradigm that developmental transcriptional programmes are re-activated during adult tissue regeneration, including in the heart, and the zebrafish represents an optimal model organism to explore this concept. In this review, we summarize recent advances from the zebrafish cardiovascular research community with novel insight into the mechanisms associated with endogenous cardiovascular repair and regeneration, which may be of benefit to inform future strategies for patients with cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Ross Stewart
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Sophie L Walker
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Andrew H Baker
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Paul R Riley
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, Sherrington Rd, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Mairi Brittan
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
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Signaling pathways and targeted therapy for myocardial infarction. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:78. [PMID: 35273164 PMCID: PMC8913803 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-00925-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the treatment of myocardial infarction (MI) has improved considerably, it is still a worldwide disease with high morbidity and high mortality. Whilst there is still a long way to go for discovering ideal treatments, therapeutic strategies committed to cardioprotection and cardiac repair following cardiac ischemia are emerging. Evidence of pathological characteristics in MI illustrates cell signaling pathways that participate in the survival, proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy of cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, monocytes, and stem cells. These signaling pathways include the key players in inflammation response, e.g., NLRP3/caspase-1 and TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB; the crucial mediators in oxidative stress and apoptosis, for instance, Notch, Hippo/YAP, RhoA/ROCK, Nrf2/HO-1, and Sonic hedgehog; the controller of myocardial fibrosis such as TGF-β/SMADs and Wnt/β-catenin; and the main regulator of angiogenesis, PI3K/Akt, MAPK, JAK/STAT, Sonic hedgehog, etc. Since signaling pathways play an important role in administering the process of MI, aiming at targeting these aberrant signaling pathways and improving the pathological manifestations in MI is indispensable and promising. Hence, drug therapy, gene therapy, protein therapy, cell therapy, and exosome therapy have been emerging and are known as novel therapies. In this review, we summarize the therapeutic strategies for MI by regulating these associated pathways, which contribute to inhibiting cardiomyocytes death, attenuating inflammation, enhancing angiogenesis, etc. so as to repair and re-functionalize damaged hearts.
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Esmaeili H, Patino-Guerrero A, Hasany M, Ansari MO, Memic A, Dolatshahi-Pirouz A, Nikkhah M. Electroconductive biomaterials for cardiac tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 2022; 139:118-140. [PMID: 34455109 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is still the leading cause of mortality worldwide. The success of cell-based therapies and tissue engineering strategies for treatment of injured myocardium have been notably hindered due to the limitations associated with the selection of a proper cell source, lack of engraftment of engineered tissues and biomaterials with the host myocardium, limited vascularity, as well as immaturity of the injected cells. The first-generation approaches in cardiac tissue engineering (cTE) have mainly relied on the use of desired cells (e.g., stem cells) along with non-conductive natural or synthetic biomaterials for in vitro construction and maturation of functional cardiac tissues, followed by testing the efficacy of the engineered tissues in vivo. However, to better recapitulate the native characteristics and conductivity of the cardiac muscle, recent approaches have utilized electroconductive biomaterials or nanomaterial components within engineered cardiac tissues. This review article will cover the recent advancements in the use of electrically conductive biomaterials in cTE. The specific emphasis will be placed on the use of different types of nanomaterials such as gold nanoparticles (GNPs), silicon-derived nanomaterials, carbon-based nanomaterials (CBNs), as well as electroconductive polymers (ECPs) for engineering of functional and electrically conductive cardiac tissues. We will also cover the recent progress in the use of engineered electroconductive tissues for in vivo cardiac regeneration applications. We will discuss the opportunities and challenges of each approach and provide our perspectives on potential avenues for enhanced cTE. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Myocardial infarction (MI) is still the primary cause of death worldwide. Over the past decade, electroconductive biomaterials have increasingly been applied in the field of cardiac tissue engineering. This review article provides the readers with the leading advances in the in vitro applications of electroconductive biomaterials for cTE along with an in-depth discussion of injectable/transplantable electroconductive biomaterials and their delivery methods for in vivo MI treatment. The article also discusses the knowledge gaps in the field and offers possible novel avenues for improved cardiac tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Esmaeili
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | | | - Masoud Hasany
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Adnan Memic
- Center of Nanotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alireza Dolatshahi-Pirouz
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark; Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mehdi Nikkhah
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA; Biodesign Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
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Ma S, Yan J, Chen L, Zhu Y, Chen K, Zheng C, Shen M, Liao Y. A Bibliometric and Visualized Analysis of Cardiac Regeneration Over a 20-Year Period. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:789503. [PMID: 34966800 PMCID: PMC8710530 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.789503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Recent research has suggested that cardiac regeneration may have the widely applicable potential of treating heart failure (HF). A comprehensive understanding of the development status of this field is conducive to its development. However, no bibliometric analysis has summarized this field properly. We aimed to analyze cardiac regeneration-related literature over 20 years and provide valuable insights. Methods: Publications were collected from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). Microsoft Excel, VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and alluvial generator were used to analyze and present the data. Results: The collected 11,700 publications showed an annually increasing trend. The United States and Harvard University were the leading force among all the countries and institutions. The majority of articles were published in Circulation Research, and Circulation was the most co-cited journal. According to co-citation analysis, burst detection and alluvial flow map, cardiomyocyte proliferation, stem cells, such as first-and second-generation, extracellular vesicles especially exosomes, direct cardiac reprogramming, macrophages, microRNAs, and inflammation have become more and more popular recently. Conclusions: Cardiac regeneration remains a research hotspot and develops rapidly. How to modify cardiac regeneration endogenously and exogenously may still be the hotspot in the future and should be discussed more deeply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Department of Cardiology, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junyu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Department of Cardiology, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Department of Cardiology, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingqi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Department of Cardiology, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaitong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Department of Cardiology, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cankun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Department of Cardiology, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengjia Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Department of Cardiology, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yulin Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Department of Cardiology, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Li Y, Wei T, Fan Y, Shan T, Sun J, Chen B, Wang Z, Gu L, Yang T, Liu L, Du C, Ma Y, Wang H, Sun R, Wei Y, Chen F, Guo X, Kong X, Wang L. Serine/Threonine-Protein Kinase 3 Facilitates Myocardial Repair After Cardiac Injury Possibly Through the Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β/β-Catenin Pathway. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e022802. [PMID: 34726469 PMCID: PMC8751936 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.022802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background The neonatal heart maintains its entire regeneration capacity within days after birth. Using quantitative phosphoproteomics technology, we identified that SGK3 (serine/threonine-protein kinase 3) in the neonatal heart is highly expressed and activated after myocardial infarction. This study aimed to uncover the function and related mechanisms of SGK3 on cardiomyocyte proliferation and cardiac repair after apical resection or ischemia/reperfusion injury. Methods and Results The effect of SGK3 on proliferation and oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation- induced apoptosis in isolated cardiomyocytes was evaluated using cardiomyocyte-specific SGK3 overexpression or knockdown adenovirus5 vector. In vivo, gain- and loss-of-function experiments using cardiomyocyte-specific adeno-associated virus 9 were performed to determine the effect of SGK3 in cardiomyocyte proliferation and cardiac repair after apical resection or ischemia/reperfusion injury. In vitro, overexpression of SGK3 enhanced, whereas knockdown of SGK3 decreased, the cardiomyocyte proliferation ratio. In vivo, inhibiting the expression of SGK3 shortened the time window of cardiac regeneration after apical resection in neonatal mice, and overexpression of SGK3 significantly promoted myocardial repair and cardiac function recovery after ischemia/reperfusion injury in adult mice. Mechanistically, SGK3 promoted cardiomyocyte regeneration and myocardial repair after cardiac injury by inhibiting GSK-3β (glycogen synthase kinase-3β) activity and upregulating β-catenin expression. SGK3 also upregulated the expression of cell cycle promoting genes G1/S-specific cyclin-D1, c-myc (cellular-myelocytomatosis viral oncogene), and cdc20 (cell division cycle 20), but downregulated the expression of cell cycle negative regulators cyclin kinase inhibitor P 21 and cyclin kinase inhibitor P 27. Conclusions Our study reveals a key role of SGK3 on cardiac repair after apical resection or ischemia/reperfusion injury, which may reopen a novel therapeutic option for myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya‐Fei Li
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Tian‐Wen Wei
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yi Fan
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- Department of CardiologySchool of MedicineZhongda HospitalSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Tian‐Kai Shan
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jia‐Teng Sun
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Bing‐Rui Chen
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Zi‐Mu Wang
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Ling‐Feng Gu
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Tong‐Tong Yang
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Liu Liu
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Chong Du
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yao Ma
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Rui Sun
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yong‐Yue Wei
- Department of BiostatisticsSchool of Public HealthChina International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human HealthNanjingChina
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of BiostatisticsSchool of Public HealthChina International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human HealthNanjingChina
| | - Xue‐Jiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineDepartment of Histology and EmbryologyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xiang‐Qing Kong
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Lian‐Sheng Wang
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
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11
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Gao Y, Qian N, Xu J, Wang Y. The Roles of Macrophages in Heart Regeneration and Repair After Injury. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:744615. [PMID: 34760943 PMCID: PMC8575035 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.744615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although great advances have been made, the problem of irreversible myocardium loss due to the limited regeneration capacity of cardiomyocytes has not been fully solved. The morbidity and mortality of heart disease still remain high. There are many therapeutic strategies for treating heart disease, while low efficacy and high cost remain challenging. Abundant evidence has shown that both acute and chronic inflammations play a crucial role in heart regeneration and repair following injury. Macrophages, a primary component of inflammation, have attracted much attention in cardiac research in recent decades. The detailed mechanisms of the roles of macrophages in heart regeneration and repair are not completely understood, in part because of their complex subsets, various functions, and intercellular communications. The purpose of this review is to summarize the progress made in the understanding of macrophages, including recent reports on macrophage differentiation, polarization and function, and involvement in heart regeneration and repair. Also, we discuss progress in treatments, which may suggest directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Gao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Cardiovascular Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ningjing Qian
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Cardiovascular Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingmiao Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Cardiovascular Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Cardiovascular Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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12
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Wang F, Zhao J, Zhang M, Yang J, Zeng G. Genome-wide analysis of the mouse LIM gene family reveals its roles in regulating pathological cardiac hypertrophy. FEBS Lett 2021; 595:2271-2289. [PMID: 34328660 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
LIM-domain proteins have been shown to be associated with heart development and diseases. Systematic studies of LIM family members at the genome-wide level, which are crucial to further understand their functions in cardiac hypertrophy, are currently lacking. Here, 70 LIM genes were identified and characterised in mice. The expression patterns of LIM genes differ greatly during cardiac development and in the case of hypertrophy. Both Crip2 and Xirp2 are differentially expressed in cardiac hypertrophy and during heart failure. In addition, the hypertrophic state of cardiomyocytes is controlled by the relative expression levels of Crip2 and Xirp2. This study provides a foundation for further understanding of the special roles of LIM proteins in mammalian cardiac development and hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jieqiong Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingxiao Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guangwei Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
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13
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Dong X, Dong X, Gao F, Liu N, Liang T, Zhang F, Fu X, Pu L, Chen J. Non-coding RNAs in cardiomyocyte proliferation and cardiac regeneration: Dissecting their therapeutic values. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:2315-2332. [PMID: 33492768 PMCID: PMC7933974 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are associated with high incidence and mortality, contribute to disability and place a heavy economic burden on countries worldwide. Stimulating endogenous cardiomyocyte proliferation and regeneration has been considering as a key to repair the injured heart caused by ischaemia. Emerging evidence has proved that non‐coding RNAs participate in cardiac proliferation and regeneration. In this review, we focus on the observation and mechanism that microRNAs (or miRNAs), long non‐coding RNAs (or lncRNAs) and circular RNA (or circRNAs) regulate cardiomyocyte proliferation and regeneration to repair a damaged heart. Furthermore, we highlight the potential therapeutic role of some non‐coding RNAs used in stimulating CMs proliferation. Finally, perspective on the development of non‐coding RNAs therapy in cardiac regeneration is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Provincial Key Lab of Cardiovascular Research, Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiuyun Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Provincial Key Lab of Cardiovascular Research, Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Provincial Key Lab of Cardiovascular Research, Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tian Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Provincial Key Lab of Cardiovascular Research, Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Provincial Key Lab of Cardiovascular Research, Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuyang Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Provincial Key Lab of Cardiovascular Research, Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linbin Pu
- Department of Cardiology, Provincial Key Lab of Cardiovascular Research, Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinghai Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Provincial Key Lab of Cardiovascular Research, Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Silva AC, Pereira C, Fonseca ACRG, Pinto-do-Ó P, Nascimento DS. Bearing My Heart: The Role of Extracellular Matrix on Cardiac Development, Homeostasis, and Injury Response. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:621644. [PMID: 33511134 PMCID: PMC7835513 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.621644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is an essential component of the heart that imparts fundamental cellular processes during organ development and homeostasis. Most cardiovascular diseases involve severe remodeling of the ECM, culminating in the formation of fibrotic tissue that is deleterious to organ function. Treatment schemes effective at managing fibrosis and promoting physiological ECM repair are not yet in reach. Of note, the composition of the cardiac ECM changes significantly in a short period after birth, concurrent with the loss of the regenerative capacity of the heart. This highlights the importance of understanding ECM composition and function headed for the development of more efficient therapies. In this review, we explore the impact of ECM alterations, throughout heart ontogeny and disease, on cardiac cells and debate available approaches to deeper insights on cell–ECM interactions, toward the design of new regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Catarina Silva
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,INEB - Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Cassilda Pereira
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,INEB - Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Catarina R G Fonseca
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,INEB - Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Perpétua Pinto-do-Ó
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,INEB - Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Diana S Nascimento
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,INEB - Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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15
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Li Y, Xu C, Wang H, Liu X, Jiang L, Liang S, Wu Z, Wang Z, Zhou J, Xiao W, Guo Z, Wang Y. Systems pharmacology reveals the multi-level synergetic mechanism of action of Ginkgo biloba L. leaves for cardiomyopathy treatment. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 264:113279. [PMID: 32810617 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cardiomyopathy is a common cause of heart failure and may lead to increased risk of sudden cardiac death, lacking simple, safe and effective treatment strategies due to unclear pathogenesis. Ginkgo biloba L. leaves (GBLs), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has been widely used in clinical medicine for improving blood circulation, and was demonstrated to be effective on cardiomyopathy in preclinical studies. However, because of the widely known holistic therapeutic philosophy via multi-target and multi-pathway effect for most TCMs, to explore its underlying molecular mechanisms of action (MoA) remains a great challenge. AIM OF STUDY Decipher the underlying MoA of GBLs for cardiomyopathy treatment: Study design and methods: An integrated systems pharmacology framework was employed to screen potential active compounds, identify therapeutic targets, explore the action pathways and verify mechanisms of GBLs with in vitro experiments. RESULTS We firstly confirmed the therapeutic effect of GBLs on cardiomyopathy and subsequently screened 27 active compounds from GBLs according to their pharmacokinetic properties. Then Probability Ensemble Approach was applied to identify the compound combinations that exert synergetic effect from GBLs. Network analysis and functional enrichment analysis demonstrated that these compounds exhibit synergistic therapeutic effect by acting on multiple targets and thereby regulating multiple pathways mainly involved in pro-survival, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory processes. Finally, using a doxorubicin-induced myocardial injury model, therapeutic effect of ginkgolide A, ginkgolide B, isorhamnetin, as well as their synergistic effect on PI3K-AKT and NF-κB signaling pathways were validated in vitro. Importantly, we demonstrated that Ginkgo diterpene lactone meglumine injection (GDJ), an approved injection derived from GBLs, could be a promising agent for cardiomyopathy treatment. CONCLUSION Collectively, the multi-level synergetic mechanism of GBLs on cardiomyopathy treatment was demonstrated with systems pharmacology approach, providing a paradigm for deciphering the complicated MoA of TCMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueping Li
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832002, China; State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222002, China.
| | - Chi Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China.
| | - Haiqing Wang
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China.
| | - Xiaobing Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army 69224 Army Hospital, Kuche, Xinjiang, 842000, China.
| | - Li Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832002, China.
| | - Shengnan Liang
- School of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Ziyin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222002, China.
| | - Zhenzhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222002, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222002, China.
| | - Wei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222002, China.
| | - Zihu Guo
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China.
| | - Yonghua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832002, China; State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222002, China; College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China.
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16
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Bigotti MG, Skeffington KL, Jones FP, Caputo M, Brancaccio A. Agrin-Mediated Cardiac Regeneration: Some Open Questions. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:594. [PMID: 32612983 PMCID: PMC7308530 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
After cardiac injury, the mammalian adult heart has a very limited capacity to regenerate, due to the inability of fully differentiated cardiomyocytes (CMs) to efficiently proliferate. This has been directly linked to the extracellular matrix (ECM) surrounding and connecting cardiomyocytes, as its increasing rigidity during heart maturation has a crucial impact over the proliferative capacity of CMs. Very recent studies using mouse models have demonstrated how the ECM protein agrin might promote heart regeneration through CMs de-differentiation and proliferation. In maturing CMs, this proteoglycan would act as an inducer of a specific molecular pathway involving ECM receptor(s) within the transmembrane dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC) as well as intracellular Yap, an effector of the Hippo pathway involved in the replication/regeneration program of CMs. According to the mechanism proposed, during mice heart development agrin gets progressively downregulated and ultimately replaced by other ECM proteins eventually leading to loss of proliferation/ regenerative capacity in mature CMs. Although the role played by the agrin-DGC-YAP axis during human heart development remains still largely to be defined, this scenario opens up fascinating and promising therapeutic avenues. Herein, we discuss the currently available relevant information on this system, with a view to explore how the fundamental understanding of the regenerative potential of this cellular program can be translated into therapeutic treatment of injured human hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giulia Bigotti
- Bristol Heart Institute, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, United Kingdom.,School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Katie L Skeffington
- Bristol Heart Institute, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Ffion P Jones
- Bristol Heart Institute, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Massimo Caputo
- Bristol Heart Institute, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Brancaccio
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.,Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies "Giulio Natta" (SCITEC)-CNR, Rome, Italy
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17
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Feng L, Ning R, Liu J, Liang S, Xu Q, Liu Y, Liu W, Duan J, Sun Z. Silica nanoparticles induce JNK-mediated inflammation and myocardial contractile dysfunction. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 391:122206. [PMID: 32036317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Increasing environmental exposure to silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) and limited cardiotoxicity studies posed a challenge for the safety evaluation and management of these materials. This study aimed to explore the adverse effects and underlying mechanisms of subacute exposure to SiNPs on cardiac function in rats. Results from echocardiographic, ultrastructural and histopathological analysis found that SiNPs induced cardiac contractile dysfunction, accompanied by incomplete myocardial structures, disordered sarcomere segments, interstitial edema and myocyte apoptosis in heart. Levels of myocardial enzymes and inflammatory factors were markedly increased in both serum and heart tissue, accompanied by elevated levels of oxidative damage occurred in the hearts of SiNPs-treated rats. SiNPs significantly upregulated the expressions of inflammation and contraction-related proteins, including JNK, p-JNK, c-Jun, TF and PAR1. Lentivirus transfection of JNK shRNA showed the low-expression of JNK-facilitated F-actin and inhibited TF in the SiNPs-treated cardiomyocytes. Moreover, SiNPs activated the mRNA and protein levels of JNK/TF/PAR1 pathway, and these effects were significantly dampened after JNK knock down. Our results demonstrate that SiNPs trigger myocardial contractile dysfunction via JNK/TF/PAR1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Feng
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Ruihong Ning
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Jiangyan Liu
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Qing Xu
- Core Facilities for Electrophysiology, Core Facility Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Ying Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190, PR China
| | - Wei Liu
- Cardiology Department, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing, 100029, PR China.
| | - Junchao Duan
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China.
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
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Cardiac regeneration as an environmental adaptation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118623. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.118623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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19
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Jin B, Shi H, Zhu J, Wu B, Geshang Q. Up-regulating autophagy by targeting the mTOR-4EBP1 pathway: a possible mechanism for improving cardiac function in mice with experimental dilated cardiomyopathy. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2020; 20:56. [PMID: 32019530 PMCID: PMC6998347 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-020-01365-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Autophagy plays a crucial role in the pathological process of cardiovascular diseases. However, little is known about the pathological mechanism underlying autophagy regulation in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Methods We explored whether up-regulating autophagy could improve cardiac function in mice with experimental DCM through the mTOR-4EBP1 pathway. Animal model of DCM was established in BALB/c mice by immunization with porcine cardiac myosin. Both up- or down-regulation of autophagy were studied by administration of rapamycin or 3-MA in parallel. Morphology, Western blotting, and echocardiography were applied to confirm the pathological mechanisms. Results Autophagy was activated and autophagosomes were significantly increased in the rapamycin group. The collagen volume fraction (CVF) was decreased in the rapamycin group compared with the DCM group (9.21 ± 0.82% vs 14.38 ± 1.24%, P < 0.01). The expression of p-mTOR and p-4EBP1 were significantly decreased in rapamycin-induced autophagy activation, while the levels were increased by down-regulating autophagy with 3-MA. In the rapamycin group, the LVEF and FS were significantly increased compared with the DCM group (54.12 ± 6.48% vs 45.29 ± 6.68%, P < 0.01; 26.89 ± 4.04% vs 22.17 ± 2.82%, P < 0.05). As the inhibitor of autophagy, 3-MA aggravated the progress of maladaptive cardiac remodeling and declined cardiac function in DCM mice. Conclusions The study indicated a possible mechanism for improving cardiac function in mice with experimental DCM by up-regulating autophagy via the mTOR-4EBP1 pathway, which could be a promising therapeutic strategy for DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Haiming Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Bangwei Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Quzhen Geshang
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Tibet University, Lasa, Tibet, China
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