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INPP5A/HLA-G1/IL-10/MMP-21 Axis in Progression of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2022; 26:440-53. [PMID: 36437782 PMCID: PMC9841225 DOI: 10.52547/ibj.3716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Background: Type I inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase A (INPP5A) is involved in different cellular events, including cell proliferation. Since INPP5A, HLAG1, IL-10, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-21 genes play fundamental roles in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) tumorigenesis, we aimed in this study to clarify the possible interplay of these genes and explore the potential of these chemistries as a predictor marker for diagnosis in ESCC disease. Methods Methods: Gene expression analysis of INPP5A, HLAG-1, IL-10, and MMP-21 was performed using relative comparative real-time PCR in 56 ESCCs compared to their margin normal tissues. Immunohistochemical staining was accomplished for INPP5A in ESCCs. Analysis of ROC curves and the AUC were applied to evaluate the diagnostic capability of the candidate genes. Results Results: High levels of HLA-G1, MMP-21, and IL-10 were detected in nearly 23.2%, 62.5%, and 53.5% of ESCCs compared to the normal tissues, respectively, whereas INPP5A underexpression was detected in 19.6% of ESCCs, which all tested genes indicated significant correlations with each other. The protein expression level of INPP5A in ESCC tissues was significantly lower than that of the non-tumor esophageal tissues (p = 0.001). Interestingly, the concomitant expression of the INPP5A/HLA-G1, INPP5A/MMP-21, INPP5A/IL-10, HLA-G1/MMP-21, HLA-G1/IL-10, and MMP-21/IL-10 was significantly correlated with several clinicopathological variables. INPP5A, HLA-G1, MMP-21, and IL-10 showed to be the most appropriate candidates to discriminate tumor/non-tumor groups due to the total AUCs of all combinations (>60%). Conclusion Conclusion: Our results represent a new regulatory axis containing INPP5A/HLAG-1/IL-10/MMP-21 markers in ESCC development and may provide novel insight into the mechanism of immune evasion mediated
by the INPP5A/HLAG-1/IL-10/MMP-21 regulatory network in the disease.
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Harraz OF, Jensen LJ. Vascular calcium signalling and ageing. J Physiol 2021; 599:5361-5377. [PMID: 34705288 PMCID: PMC9002240 DOI: 10.1113/jp280950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in cellular Ca2+ levels have major influences on vascular function and blood pressure regulation. Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) orchestrate vascular activity in distinct ways, often involving highly specific fluctuations in Ca2+ signalling. Ageing is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, but the impact of ageing per se on vascular Ca2+ signalling has received insufficient attention. We reviewed the literature for age-related changes in Ca2+ signalling in relation to vascular structure and function. Vascular tone dysregulation in several vascular beds has been linked to abnormal expression or activity of SMC voltage-gated Ca2+ channels, Ca2+ -activated K+ channels or TRPC6 channels. Some of these effects were linked to altered caveolae density, microRNA expression or 20-HETE abundance. Intracellular store Ca2+ handling was suppressed in ageing mainly via reduced expression of intracellular Ca2+ release channels, and Ca2+ reuptake or efflux pumps. An increase in mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, leading to oxidative stress, could also play a role in SMC hypercontractility and structural remodelling in ageing. In ECs, ageing entailed diverse effects on spontaneous and evoked Ca2+ transients, as well as structural changes at the EC-SMC interface. The concerted effects of altered Ca2+ signalling on myogenic tone, endothelium-dependent vasodilatation, and vascular structure are likely to contribute to blood pressure dysregulation and blood flow distribution deficits in critical organs. With the increase in the world's ageing population, future studies should be directed at solving specific ageing-induced Ca2+ signalling deficits to combat the imminent accelerated vascular ageing and increased risk of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama F. Harraz
- Department of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA,Vermont Center for Cardiovascular and Brain Health, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Lars Jørn Jensen
- Pathobiological Sciences, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Negri S, Faris P, Moccia F. Endolysosomal Ca 2+ signaling in cardiovascular health and disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 363:203-269. [PMID: 34392930 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
An increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) regulates a plethora of functions in the cardiovascular (CV) system, including contraction in cardiomyocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), and angiogenesis in vascular endothelial cells and endothelial colony forming cells. The sarco/endoplasmic reticulum (SR/ER) represents the largest endogenous Ca2+ store, which releases Ca2+ through ryanodine receptors (RyRs) and/or inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (InsP3Rs) upon extracellular stimulation. The acidic vesicles of the endolysosomal (EL) compartment represent an additional endogenous Ca2+ store, which is targeted by several second messengers, including nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) and phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate [PI(3,5)P2], and may release intraluminal Ca2+ through multiple Ca2+ permeable channels, including two-pore channels 1 and 2 (TPC1-2) and Transient Receptor Potential Mucolipin 1 (TRPML1). Herein, we discuss the emerging, pathophysiological role of EL Ca2+ signaling in the CV system. We describe the role of cardiac TPCs in β-adrenoceptor stimulation, arrhythmia, hypertrophy, and ischemia-reperfusion injury. We then illustrate the role of EL Ca2+ signaling in VSMCs, where TPCs promote vasoconstriction and contribute to pulmonary artery hypertension and atherosclerosis, whereas TRPML1 sustains vasodilation and is also involved in atherosclerosis. Subsequently, we describe the mechanisms whereby endothelial TPCs promote vasodilation, contribute to neurovascular coupling in the brain and stimulate angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. Finally, we discuss about the possibility to target TPCs, which are likely to mediate CV cell infection by the Severe Acute Respiratory Disease-Coronavirus-2, with Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs to alleviate the detrimental effects of Coronavirus Disease-19 on the CV system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Negri
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Pawan Faris
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesco Moccia
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
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Komici K, Faris P, Negri S, Rosti V, García-Carrasco M, Mendoza-Pinto C, Berra-Romani R, Cervera R, Guerra G, Moccia F. Systemic lupus erythematosus, endothelial progenitor cells and intracellular Ca2+ signaling: A novel approach for an old disease. J Autoimmun 2020; 112:102486. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Moccia F, Negri S, Faris P, Berra-Romani R. Targeting the Endothelial Ca2+ Toolkit to Rescue Endothelial Dysfunction in Obesity Associated-Hypertension. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:240-257. [PMID: 31486745 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190905142135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a major cardiovascular risk factor which dramatically impairs endothelium- dependent vasodilation and leads to hypertension and vascular damage. The impairment of the vasomotor response to extracellular autacoids, e.g., acetylcholine, mainly depends on the reduced Nitric Oxide (NO) bioavailability, which hampers vasorelaxation in large conduit arteries. In addition, obesity may affect Endothelium-Dependent Hyperpolarization (EDH), which drives vasorelaxation in small resistance arteries and arterioles. Of note, endothelial Ca2+ signals drive NO release and trigger EDH. METHODS A structured search of bibliographic databases was carried out to retrieve the most influential, recent articles on the impairment of vasorelaxation in animal models of obesity, including obese Zucker rats, and on the remodeling of the endothelial Ca2+ toolkit under conditions that mimic obesity. Furthermore, we searched for articles discussing how dietary manipulation could be exploited to rescue Ca2+-dependent vasodilation. RESULTS We found evidence that the endothelial Ca2+ could be severely affected by obese vessels. This rearrangement could contribute to endothelial damage and is likely to be involved in the disruption of vasorelaxant mechanisms. However, several Ca2+-permeable channels, including Vanilloid Transient Receptor Potential (TRPV) 1, 3 and 4 could be stimulated by several food components to stimulate vasorelaxation in obese individuals. CONCLUSION The endothelial Ca2+ toolkit could be targeted to reduce vascular damage and rescue endothelium- dependent vasodilation in obese vessels. This hypothesis remains, however, to be probed on truly obese endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Moccia
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Sharon Negri
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Pawan Faris
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberto Berra-Romani
- Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
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Berra-Romani R, Guzmán-Silva A, Vargaz-Guadarrama A, Flores-Alonso JC, Alonso-Romero J, Treviño S, Sánchez-Gómez J, Coyotl-Santiago N, García-Carrasco M, Moccia F. Type 2 Diabetes Alters Intracellular Ca 2+ Handling in Native Endothelium of Excised Rat Aorta. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010250. [PMID: 31905880 PMCID: PMC6982087 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
An increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) plays a key role in controlling endothelial functions; however, it is still unclear whether endothelial Ca2+ handling is altered by type 2 diabetes mellitus, which results in severe endothelial dysfunction. Herein, we analyzed for the first time the Ca2+ response to the physiological autacoid ATP in native aortic endothelium of obese Zucker diabetic fatty (OZDF) rats and their lean controls, which are termed LZDF rats. By loading the endothelial monolayer with the Ca2+-sensitive fluorophore, Fura-2/AM, we found that the endothelial Ca2+ response to 20 µM and 300 µM ATP exhibited a higher plateau, a larger area under the curve and prolonged duration in OZDF rats. The “Ca2+ add-back” protocol revealed no difference in the inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate-releasable endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ pool, while store-operated Ca2+ entry was surprisingly down-regulated in OZDF aortae. Pharmacological manipulation disclosed that sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) activity was down-regulated by reactive oxygen species in native aortic endothelium of OZDF rats, thereby exaggerating the Ca2+ response to high agonist concentrations. These findings shed new light on the mechanisms by which type 2 diabetes mellitus may cause endothelial dysfunction by remodeling the intracellular Ca2+ toolkit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Berra-Romani
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Biomedicine School, Faculty of Medicine, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72410, Mexico; (A.G.-S.); (J.A.-R.); (N.C.-S.)
- Correspondence: (R.B.-R.); (F.M.)
| | - Alejandro Guzmán-Silva
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Biomedicine School, Faculty of Medicine, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72410, Mexico; (A.G.-S.); (J.A.-R.); (N.C.-S.)
| | - Ajelet Vargaz-Guadarrama
- Faculty of Medicine, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72410, Mexico; (A.V.-G.); (J.S.-G.); (M.G.-C.)
| | - Juan Carlos Flores-Alonso
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla 74360, Mexico;
| | - José Alonso-Romero
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Biomedicine School, Faculty of Medicine, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72410, Mexico; (A.G.-S.); (J.A.-R.); (N.C.-S.)
| | - Samuel Treviño
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72540, Mexico;
| | - Josué Sánchez-Gómez
- Faculty of Medicine, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72410, Mexico; (A.V.-G.); (J.S.-G.); (M.G.-C.)
| | - Nayeli Coyotl-Santiago
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Biomedicine School, Faculty of Medicine, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72410, Mexico; (A.G.-S.); (J.A.-R.); (N.C.-S.)
| | - Mario García-Carrasco
- Faculty of Medicine, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72410, Mexico; (A.V.-G.); (J.S.-G.); (M.G.-C.)
| | - Francesco Moccia
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Correspondence: (R.B.-R.); (F.M.)
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Prendergast C, Wray S. Human myometrial artery function and endothelial cell calcium signalling are reduced by obesity: Can this contribute to poor labour outcomes? Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2019; 227:e13341. [PMID: 31299139 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Determining how obesity affects function in human myometrial arteries, to help understand why childbirth has poor outcomes in obese women. METHODS Myometrial arteries were studied from 84 biopsies. Contraction (vasopressin and U-46619) and relaxation (carbachol, bradykinin, SNAP) was assessed using wire myography. eNOS activity was assessed using L-NAME. Cholesterol was reduced using methyl-β-cyclodextrin to determine whether it altered responses. Differences in endothelial cell intracellular Ca2+ signalling were assessed using confocal microscopy. RESULTS The effects of BMI on relaxation were agonist specific and very marked; all vessels, irrespective of BMI, relaxed to bradykinin but 0% of vessels (0/13) from obese women relaxed to carbachol, compared to 59% (10/17) from normal weight women. Cholesterol-lowering drugs did not restore carbachol responses (n = 6). All vessels, irrespective of BMI, relaxed when NO was directly released by SNAP (n = 19). Inhibition of eNOS with L-NAME had a significant effect in normal but not overweight/obese vessels. Compared to bradykinin, a lower proportion of endothelial cells responded to carbachol and the amplitude of the calcium response was significantly less, in all vessels. Furthermore, a significantly lower proportion of endothelial cells responded to carbachol in the overweight/obese group compared to control. In contrast to relaxation, the effect of contractile agonists was unchanged with increasing BMI. CONCLUSIONS The ability of human myometrial arteries to relax is significantly impaired with obesity, and our data suggest this is due to a deficit in endothelial calcium signalling. This inability to recover following compression during contractions, might contribute to poor labours in obese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clodagh Prendergast
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
| | - Susan Wray
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
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Zhang B, Paffett ML, Naik JS, Jernigan NL, Walker BR, Resta TC. Cholesterol Regulation of Pulmonary Endothelial Calcium Homeostasis. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2018; 82:53-91. [PMID: 30360783 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol is a key structural component and regulator of lipid raft signaling platforms critical for cell function. Such regulation may involve changes in the biophysical properties of lipid microdomains or direct protein-sterol interactions that alter the function of ion channels, receptors, enzymes, and membrane structural proteins. Recent studies have implicated abnormal membrane cholesterol levels in mediating endothelial dysfunction that is characteristic of pulmonary hypertensive disorders, including that resulting from long-term exposure to hypoxia. Endothelial dysfunction in this setting is characterized by impaired pulmonary endothelial calcium entry and an associated imbalance that favors production vasoconstrictor and mitogenic factors that contribute to pulmonary hypertension. Here we review current knowledge of cholesterol regulation of pulmonary endothelial Ca2+ homeostasis, focusing on the role of membrane cholesterol in mediating agonist-induced Ca2+ entry and its components in the normal and hypertensive pulmonary circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojun Zhang
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Michael L Paffett
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Jay S Naik
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Nikki L Jernigan
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Benjimen R Walker
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Thomas C Resta
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States.
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Bondarenko AI, Panasiuk O, Okhai I, Montecucco F, Brandt KJ, Mach F. Ca 2+-dependent potassium channels and cannabinoid signaling in the endothelium of apolipoprotein E knockout mice before plaque formation. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 115:54-63. [PMID: 29305938 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial Ca2+-dependent K+ channels (KCa) regulate endothelial function. We also know that stimulation of type 2 cannabinoid (CB2) receptors ameliorates atherosclerosis. However, whether atherosclerosis is accompanied by altered endothelial KCa- and CB2 receptor-dependent signaling is unknown. By utilizing an in situ patch-clamp approach, we directly evaluated the KCa channel function and the CB2 receptor-dependent electrical responses in the endothelium of aortic strips from young ApoE-/- and C57Bl/6 mice. In the ApoE-/- group, the resting membrane potential (-30.1±1.1mV) was less negative (p<0.05) compared to WT (-38.9±1.4mV) and voltage ramps generated an overall KCa current of reduced amplitude. The peak hyperpolarization to 2μM Ach was not different between the groups. However, the sustained component was significantly reduced in ApoE-/- strips. In contrast, the peak hyperpolarization to 0.2μM Ach was increased in the ApoE-/- group, and SKA-31, a direct IKCa/SKCa channel opener, produced a hyperpolarization and whole-cell current of greater amplitude. The BKCa opener NS1619 produced hyperpolarization that was enhanced in ApoE-/- group. N-arachidonoyl glycine, a BKCa opener, produced a hyperpolarization of enhanced amplitude in ApoE-/- arteries. Selective CB2 receptor agonist AM1241 (5μM) had no effect on endothelial membrane potential in WT group; however, in ApoE-/- group, it elicited hyperpolarization that was inhibited by a selective CB2 receptor antagonist AM630. Conclusively, our data point to functional down-regulation of basal IKCa activity in unstimulated endothelium of ApoE-/- mice. Direct and indirect IKCa stimulation resulted in increased recruitment of the channels. In addition, our data point to up-regulation of endothelial BKCa channels and CB2 receptors in ApoE-/- arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander I Bondarenko
- Circulatory Physiology Department, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, NAS of Ukraine, Bogomoletz Str.4, 01024 Kiev, Ukraine.
| | - Olga Panasiuk
- Circulatory Physiology Department, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, NAS of Ukraine, Bogomoletz Str.4, 01024 Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Iryna Okhai
- Circulatory Physiology Department, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, NAS of Ukraine, Bogomoletz Str.4, 01024 Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy; Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, largo Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy; Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, 9 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Karim J Brandt
- Division of Cardiology, Foundation for Medical Researches, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Geneva, Av. de la Roseraie 64, CH -1211 Geneva, 4, Switzerland
| | - François Mach
- Division of Cardiology, Foundation for Medical Researches, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Geneva, Av. de la Roseraie 64, CH -1211 Geneva, 4, Switzerland
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Vanhoutte PM, Zhao Y, Xu A, Leung SWS. Thirty Years of Saying NO: Sources, Fate, Actions, and Misfortunes of the Endothelium-Derived Vasodilator Mediator. Circ Res 2017; 119:375-96. [PMID: 27390338 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.306531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells control vascular tone by releasing nitric oxide (NO) produced by endothelial NO synthase. The activity of endothelial NO synthase is modulated by the calcium concentration and by post-translational modifications (eg, phosphorylation). When NO reaches vascular smooth muscle, soluble guanylyl cyclase is its primary target producing cGMP. NO production is stimulated by circulating substances (eg, catecholamines), platelet products (eg, serotonin), autacoids formed in (eg, bradykinin) or near (eg, adiponectin) the vascular wall and physical factors (eg, shear stress). NO dysfunction can be caused, alone or in combination, by abnormal coupling of endothelial cell membrane receptors, insufficient supply of substrate (l-arginine) or cofactors (tetrahydrobiopterin), endogenous inhibitors (asymmetrical dimethyl arginine), reduced expression/presence/dimerization of endothelial NO synthase, inhibition of its enzymatic activity, accelerated disposition of NO by reactive oxygen species and abnormal responses (eg, biased soluble guanylyl cyclase activity producing cyclic inosine monophosphate) of the vascular smooth muscle. Major culprits causing endothelial dysfunction, irrespective of the underlying pathological process (aging, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension), include stimulation of mineralocorticoid receptors, activation of endothelial Rho-kinase, augmented presence of asymmetrical dimethyl arginine, and exaggerated oxidative stress. Genetic and pharmacological interventions improve dysfunctional NO-mediated vasodilatations if protecting the supply of substrate and cofactors for endothelial NO synthase, preserving the presence and activity of the enzyme and reducing reactive oxygen species generation. Common achievers of such improvement include maintained levels of estrogens and increased production of adiponectin and induction of silent mating-type information regulation 2 homologue 1. Obviously, endothelium-dependent relaxations are not the only beneficial action of NO in the vascular wall. Thus, reduced NO-mediated responses precede and initiate the atherosclerotic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Vanhoutte
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (P.M.V., Y.Z., A.X., S.W.S.L.), Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy (P.M.V., Y.Z., A.X., S.W.S.L.), and Department of Medicine (A.X.), Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yingzi Zhao
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (P.M.V., Y.Z., A.X., S.W.S.L.), Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy (P.M.V., Y.Z., A.X., S.W.S.L.), and Department of Medicine (A.X.), Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Aimin Xu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (P.M.V., Y.Z., A.X., S.W.S.L.), Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy (P.M.V., Y.Z., A.X., S.W.S.L.), and Department of Medicine (A.X.), Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Susan W S Leung
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (P.M.V., Y.Z., A.X., S.W.S.L.), Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy (P.M.V., Y.Z., A.X., S.W.S.L.), and Department of Medicine (A.X.), Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Wilson C, Lee MD, McCarron JG. Acetylcholine released by endothelial cells facilitates flow-mediated dilatation. J Physiol 2016; 594:7267-7307. [PMID: 27730645 PMCID: PMC5157078 DOI: 10.1113/jp272927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS The endothelium plays a pivotal role in the vascular response to chemical and mechanical stimuli. The endothelium is exquisitely sensitive to ACh, although the physiological significance of ACh-induced activation of the endothelium is unknown. In the present study, we investigated the mechanisms of flow-mediated endothelial calcium signalling. Our data establish that flow-mediated endothelial calcium responses arise from the autocrine action of non-neuronal ACh released by the endothelium. ABSTRACT Circulating blood generates frictional forces (shear stress) on the walls of blood vessels. These frictional forces critically regulate vascular function. The endothelium senses these frictional forces and, in response, releases various vasodilators that relax smooth muscle cells in a process termed flow-mediated dilatation. Although some elements of the signalling mechanisms have been identified, precisely how flow is sensed and transduced to cause the release of relaxing factors is poorly understood. By imaging signalling in large areas of the endothelium of intact arteries, we show that the endothelium responds to flow by releasing ACh. Once liberated, ACh acts to trigger calcium release from the internal store in endothelial cells, nitric oxide production and artery relaxation. Flow-activated release of ACh from the endothelium is non-vesicular and occurs via organic cation transporters. ACh is generated following mitochondrial production of acetylCoA. Thus, we show ACh is an autocrine signalling molecule released from endothelial cells, and identify a new role for the classical neurotransmitter in endothelial mechanotransduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calum Wilson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of StrathclydeSIPBS BuildingGlasgowUK
| | - Matthew D. Lee
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of StrathclydeSIPBS BuildingGlasgowUK
| | - John G. McCarron
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of StrathclydeSIPBS BuildingGlasgowUK
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Al-Brakati AY, Kamishima T, Dart C, Quayle JM. Caveolar disruption causes contraction of rat femoral arteries via reduced basal NO release and subsequent closure of BKCa channels. PeerJ 2015; 3:e966. [PMID: 26038721 PMCID: PMC4451037 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose. Caveolae act as signalling hubs in endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Caveolar disruption by the membrane cholesterol depleting agent methyl-β-cyclodextrin (M-β-CD) has various functional effects on arteries including (i) impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxation, and (ii) alteration of smooth muscle cell (SMC) contraction independently of the endothelium. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of M-β-CD on rat femoral arteries. Methods. Isometric force was measured in rat femoral arteries stimulated to contract with a solution containing 20 mM K(+) and 200 nM Bay K 8644 (20 K/Bay K) or with one containing 80 mM K(+)(80 K). Results. Incubation of arteries with M-β-CD (5 mM, 60 min) increased force in response to 20 K/Bay K but not that induced by 80 K. Application of cholesterol saturated M-β-CD (Ch-MCD, 5 mM, 50 min) reversed the effects of M-β-CD. After mechanical removal of endothelial cells M-β-CD caused only a small enhancement of contractions to 20 K/Bay K. This result suggests M-β-CD acts via altering release of an endothelial-derived vasodilator or vasoconstrictor. When nitric oxide synthase was blocked by pre-incubation of arteries with L-NAME (250 µM) the contraction of arteries to 20 K/Bay K was enhanced, and this effect was abolished by pre-treatment with M-β-CD. This suggests M-β-CD is inhibiting endothelial NO release. Inhibition of large conductance voltage- and Ca(2+)-activated (BKCa) channels with 2 mM TEA(+) or 100 nM Iberiotoxin (IbTX) enhanced 20 K/Bay K contractions. L-NAME attenuated the contractile effect of IbTX, as did endothelial removal. Conclusions. Our results suggest caveolar disruption results in decreased release of endothelial-derived nitric oxide in rat femoral artery, resulting in a reduced contribution of BKCa channels to the smooth muscle cell membrane potential, causing depolarisation and contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- AY Al-Brakati
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - T Kamishima
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - C Dart
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - JM Quayle
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Prendergast C, Quayle J, Burdyga T, Wray S. Atherosclerosis differentially affects calcium signalling in endothelial cells from aortic arch and thoracic aorta in Apolipoprotein E knockout mice. Physiol Rep 2014; 2:2/10/e12171. [PMID: 25344475 PMCID: PMC4254096 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein‐E knockout (ApoE−/−) mice develop hypercholesterolemia and are a useful model of atherosclerosis. Hypercholesterolemia alters intracellular Ca2+ signalling in vascular endothelial cells but our understanding of these changes, especially in the early stages of the disease process, is limited. We therefore determined whether carbachol‐mediated endothelial Ca2+ signals differ in plaque‐prone aortic arch compared to plaque‐resistant thoracic aorta, of wild‐type and ApoE−/− mice, and how this is affected by age and the presence of hypercholesterolemia. The extent of plaque development was determined using en‐face staining with Sudan IV. Tissues were obtained from wild‐type and ApoE−/− mice at 10 weeks (pre‐plaques) and 24 weeks (established plaques). We found that even before development of plaques, significantly increased Ca2+ responses were observed in arch endothelial cells. Even with aging and plaque formation, ApoE−/− thoracic responses were little changed, however a significantly enhanced Ca2+ response was observed in arch, both adjacent to and away from lesions. In wild‐type mice of any age, 1–2% of cells had oscillatory Ca2+ responses. In young ApoE−/− and plaque‐free regions of older ApoE−/−, this is unchanged. However a significant increase in oscillations (~13–15%) occurred in thoracic and arch cells adjacent to lesions in older mice. Our data suggest that Ca2+ signals in endothelial cells show specific changes both before and with plaque formation, that these changes are greatest in plaque‐prone aortic arch cells, and that these changes will contribute to the reported deterioration of endothelium in atherosclerosis. We have investigated aortic endothelial cell calcium signalling changes in the Apolipoprotein E knockout mouse model of atherosclerosis. Our data show that calcium signals in endothelial cells undergo specific changes both before and with plaque formation, that these changes are greater in plaque‐prone aortic arch than in plaque‐resistant thoracic aorta, and that these changes will contribute to the reported deterioration of endothelium in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clodagh Prendergast
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - John Quayle
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Theodor Burdyga
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Susan Wray
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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