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Bughrara MS, Swanberg SM, Lucia VC, Schmitz K, Jung D, Wunderlich-Barillas T. Beyond COVID-19: the impact of recent pandemics on medical students and their education: a scoping review. MEDICAL EDUCATION ONLINE 2023; 28:2139657. [PMID: 36331873 PMCID: PMC9639463 DOI: 10.1080/10872981.2022.2139657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Over the past two years, coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has greatly altered medical student education as well as daily life. Medical schools across the world were disrupted and had to immediately adapt the educational experience to the online environment in order to continue the delivery of quality medical education. However, COVID-19 was not the only recent pandemic. This posed the question, were similar disruptions and adaptations also seen in recent past pandemics such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) or Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) that could have prepared medical educators for COVID-19? This scoping review investigated the educational and personal impact of recent pandemics on medical students. METHODS This review followed the PRISMA-ScR guidelines for scoping reviews. Nine databases including PubMed, ERIC, and EMBASE were systematically searched using keywords and subject headings related to medical students and SARS, H1N1, MERS, Ebola, Zika, and COVID-19. Studies were limited to research studies published between 2000 and 2020 and in English. Based on exclusion and inclusion criteria, all studies were independently screened by two reviewers first by the title/abstract and then via full text. Data were extracted from the included studies and analyzed qualitatively using thematic analysis. RESULTS A total of 174 studies fit the criteria. Seven major themes emerged from those studies: educational adaptations and online modifications, knowledge and attitudes of students, mental wellness of students, student involvement and use of telehealth, student vaccination, physical wellness of students, and stigma. CONCLUSION This review provided insights into how medical students were affected by recent pandemics and their perceptions of pivoting to online education, mental health, and knowledge of the diseases. Additionally, this review showcases the various educational adaptations that emerged uniquely during the COVID-19 pandemic, such as telehealth services or video conferencing tools, that can be utilized in a post-pandemic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moneb S. Bughrara
- Department of Foundational Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Stephanie M. Swanberg
- Department of Foundational Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, USA
- Moustakas Johnson Library, Michigan School of Psychology, Farmington Hills, MI, USA
| | - Victoria C. Lucia
- Department of Foundational Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Keaton Schmitz
- Department of Foundational Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Dawn Jung
- Department of Foundational Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - Tracy Wunderlich-Barillas
- Department of Foundational Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, USA
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Raymundo CE, de Andrade Medronho R. Association between socio-environmental factors, coverage by family health teams, and rainfall in the spatial distribution of Zika virus infection in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 2015 and 2016. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1199. [PMID: 34162338 PMCID: PMC8220830 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11249-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zika virus (ZIKV) infection caused outbreak in Brazil, in 2015 and 2016. Disorganized urban growth, facilitates the concentration of numerous susceptible and infected individuals. It is useful to understand the mechanisms that can favor the increase in ZIKV incidence, such as areas with wide socioeconomic and environmental diversity. Therefore, the study analyzed the spatial distribution of ZIKV in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 2015 and 2016, and associations between the incidence per 1000 inhabitants and socio-environmental factors. METHODS The census tracts were used as the analytical units reported ZIKV cases among the city's inhabitants. Local Empirical Bayesian method was used to control the incidence rates' instability effect. The spatial autocorrelation was verified with Moran's Index and local indicators of spatial association (LISA). Spearman correlation matrix was used to indicate possible collinearity. The Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), Spatial Lag Model (SAR), and Spatial Error Model (CAR) were used to analyze the relationship between ZIKV and socio-environmental factors. RESULTS The SAR model exhibited the best parameters: R2 = 0.44, Log-likelihood = - 7482, Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) = 14,980. In this model, mean income between 1 and 2 minimum wages was possible risk factors for Zika occurrence in the localities. Household conditions related to adequate water supply and the existence of public sewage disposal were associated with lower ZIKV cumulative incidence, suggesting possible protective factors against the occurrence of ZIKV in the localities. The presence of the Family Health Strategy in the census tracts was positively associated with the ZIKV cumulative incidence. However, the results show that mean income less than 1 minimum wage were negatively associated with higher ZIKV cumulative incidence. CONCLUSION The results demonstrate the importance of socio-environmental variables in the dynamics of ZIKV transmission and the relevance for the development of control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Eduardo Raymundo
- Instituto de Estudos em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Present address: s/n - Próximo a Prefeitura Universitária da UFRJ Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Horácio Macedo, Rio de Janeiro, State of Rio de Janeiro, 21941598, Brazil.
| | - Roberto de Andrade Medronho
- Instituto de Estudos em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Knowledge regarding Zika Virus Infection among Healthcare Providers in an Academic Tertiary Care Center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2020; 2020:8145219. [PMID: 32256906 PMCID: PMC7086415 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8145219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Zika virus (ZIKV) has become a major concern across the world. It is highly necessary for healthcare providers (HCPs) to have sufficient knowledge about such a disease. The purpose of this study is to assess the knowledge regarding ZIKV among HCPs in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods. A cross-sectional survey study was conducted at a tertiary care center in Riyadh, KSA, during a two-month period from September 19, 2016 to November 19, 2016. Descriptive statistics were performed on data collected. For continuous variables, data were expressed as means ± standard deviations (SDs), medians, and ranges. Proportions were used to describe categorical variables. Knowledge scores were evaluated and compared by demographic characteristics including age, designation, years of practice, and gender, using the t-test/Mann–Whitney U test or the Kruskal–Wallis test, as appropriate. Results A total of 336 HCPs from different specialties (physicians, dentists, nurses, pharmacists, and nutritionists) completed the questionnaire. Significant differences in knowledge about ZIKV were observed by participant's age. Significantly higher knowledge levels were observed among older participants (45 years or more; p=0.011). A substantial difference in the knowledge level was observed by department, with pairwise comparisons showing significant differences in knowledge scores between all departments except for Pharmacy vs. Nutrition and Nursing vs. Internal Medicine. Knowledge scores were not significantly different by years of practice. Conclusion Our study showed inadequate knowledge of HCPs from different specialties about ZIKV infection which needs to be improved in terms of infection prevention and control. Awareness about ZIKV infection should be ensured and maintained among HCPs to face any possible emergence in the region.
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Harapan H, Rajamoorthy Y, Utomo PS, Anwar S, Setiawan AM, Alleta A, Bambang A, Ramadana MR, Ikram I, Wahyuniati N, Maulana R, Ichsan I, Indah R, Wagner AL, Kuch U, Groneberg DA, Rodríguez-Morales AJ, Andalas M, Müller R, Mudatsir M, Imrie A. Knowledge and attitude towards pregnancy-related issues of Zika virus infection among general practitioners in Indonesia. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:693. [PMID: 31387537 PMCID: PMC6683397 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4297-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 03/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and attitudes towards pregnancy-related issues of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection among general practitioners (GPs), a frontline healthcare worker group, in Indonesia. Methods A cross-sectional, online survey assessing knowledge and attitudes towards ZIKV infection on multiple-item scales was sent to GPs in the Sumatra and Java islands of Indonesia. The associations between independent factors and either knowledge or attitude were assessed with logistic regressions. The correlation and association between knowledge and attitude were estimated. Results We included 457 (53.7%) out of 850 responses in the analysis. Among these, 304 (66.5%) and 111 (24.2%) respondents had a good knowledge and attitude, respectively. No demographic, workplace, professional development, or experiential characteristics related to ZIKV infection were associated with knowledge. In the multivariate analysis, only contact experience was associated with attitude. There was a significant, positive correlation between knowledge and attitude scores. Conclusions Although knowledge of pregnancy-related complications of ZIKV infection is relatively high among GPs in Indonesia, more than 75% of them had a poor attitude towards pregnancy-related issues of Zika. Strategies for enhancing the capacity of GPs to develop positive attitudes and respond to ZIKV infection are needed. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12879-019-4297-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harapan Harapan
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia. .,Tropical Disease Centre, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia. .,Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia. .,School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia.
| | | | - Prattama S Utomo
- Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Jogjakarta, Indonesia
| | - Samsul Anwar
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Abdul M Setiawan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University of Malang, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Alma Alleta
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia.,Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Alfredo Bambang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad R Ramadana
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Ikram Ikram
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Nur Wahyuniati
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Reza Maulana
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Ichsan Ichsan
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia.,Tropical Disease Centre, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia.,Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Rosaria Indah
- Medical Education Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia.,Sydney School of Education and Social Work, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Abram L Wagner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ulrich Kuch
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - David A Groneberg
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Alfonso J Rodríguez-Morales
- Public Health and Infection Research Incubator and Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia.,Research Group Medical and Diagnostic Images (GRIMEID), IPS Imágenes Diagnósticas S.A, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
| | - Mohd Andalas
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Ruth Müller
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Unit of Medical Entomology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Mudatsir Mudatsir
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia. .,Tropical Disease Centre, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia. .,Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia.
| | - Allison Imrie
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
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Chaw LL, Tuah NAA, Idris FI, Wong Yun Yaw J, Naing L. Knowledge and Practice Survey on Zika Virus Infection Among General Adults in Brunei Darussalam. Asia Pac J Public Health 2019; 31:275-287. [DOI: 10.1177/1010539519850023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A cross-sectional survey was conducted to assess the knowledge and practices on Zika virus infection among general adults in Brunei Darussalam. From February to June 2017, 439 adults were interviewed from outpatient health care settings. Most participants were Malays (87.0%) and females (61.5%), with a mean age of 40.7 years. Only 25.1% had a total knowledge score of 15 to 28 points (of a possible score of 0-28). Females and those living in households of <8 people were more likely to have higher total knowledge scores (15-28 points). Media was the preferred source to get updates. Also, 67.4% had a total prevention practice score of 19 to 36 points (of a possible score of 0-36). Those who attained secondary level education or below, had no pregnant women present in their household, and scored 15 to 28 points for knowledge were more likely to have higher prevention practice scores (19-36 points). Knowledge on Zika was significantly associated with prevention practices against mosquito bites and breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ling Chaw
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Nik Anni Afiqah Tuah
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
- Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Fazean Irdayati Idris
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
| | | | - Lin Naing
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
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