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Chomphoo S, Pakkarato S, Sawatpanich T, Sakagami H, Kondo H, Hipkaeo W. Localization of EFA6 (exchange factor for ARF6) isoform D in steroidogenic testicular Leydig cells of adult mice. Acta Histochem 2018; 120:263-268. [PMID: 29496264 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
EFA6 (exchange factor for ARF6) activates Arf6 (ADP ribosylation factor 6) by exchanging ADP to ATP and the resulting activated form of Arf6 is involved in the membrane trafficking and actin remodeling of cells. Our previous study has shown the selective expression/localization of EFA6D in steroidogenic adrenocortical cells in situ of adult mice. In view of the previous finding, the present study was undertaken to examine its localization in mouse Leydig cells representing another steroidogenic cell species in order to further support the possible involvement of the EFA6/Arf6 cascade via membrane trafficking in the regulation of steroidogenesis and/or secretion. A distinct band for EFA6D with the same size as that of the brain was detected in the testis of adult mice. In immuno-light microscopy, immunoreactivity for EFA6D was seen throughout the cytoplasm in most Leydig cells without any distinct accumulation along the plasmalemma. Lack of immunoreactivity for EFA6D was seen in the seminiferous tubular epithelium. In immuno-electron microscopy, the immune-labeling was seen in sporadic/focal patterns on plasma membranes and some vesicles and vacuoles subjacent to the plasma membranes. More constant and rather predominant is the labeling on numerous mitochondria. No immuno-labeling was seen in lipid droplets. The present study suggests that EFA6D is somehow involved in regulation of the synthesis and/or secretion of testosterone through the membrane-traffic by activation of Arf6. In addition, EFA6D is suggested to play in mitochondria some yet unidentified roles rather independent of Arf6-activation, which remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surang Chomphoo
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Sawetree Pakkarato
- Department of Social Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Liberal Arts, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Sura Narai Rd, Nai-muang, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Tarinee Sawatpanich
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Hiroyuki Sakagami
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisatake Kondo
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Wiphawi Hipkaeo
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
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Grossmann AH, Zhao H, Jenkins N, Zhu W, Richards JR, Yoo JH, Winter JM, Rich B, Mleynek TM, Li DY, Odelberg SJ. The small GTPase ARF6 regulates protein trafficking to control cellular function during development and in disease. Small GTPases 2016; 10:1-12. [PMID: 28001501 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2016.1259710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The activation of the small GTPase ARF6 has been implicated in promoting several pathological processes related to vascular instability and tumor formation, growth, and metastasis. ARF6 also plays a vital role during embryonic development. Recent studies have suggested that ARF6 carries out these disparate functions primarily by controlling protein trafficking within the cell. ARF6 helps direct proteins to intracellular or extracellular locations where they function in normal cellular responses during development and in pathological processes later in life. This transport of proteins is accomplished through a variety of mechanisms, including endocytosis and recycling, microvesicle release, and as yet uncharacterized processes. This Commentary will explore the functions of ARF6, while focusing on the role of this small GTPase in development and postnatal physiology, regulating barrier function and diseases associated with its loss, and tumor formation, growth, and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allie H Grossmann
- a Department of Medicine , Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA.,b Department of Pathology , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA.,c ARUP Laboratories, University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
| | - Helong Zhao
- a Department of Medicine , Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
| | - Noah Jenkins
- a Department of Medicine , Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
| | - Weiquan Zhu
- a Department of Medicine , Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA.,d Department of Medicine , Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
| | - Jackson R Richards
- a Department of Medicine , Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA.,e Department of Oncological Sciences , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
| | - Jae Hyuk Yoo
- a Department of Medicine , Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA.,e Department of Oncological Sciences , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
| | - Jacob M Winter
- a Department of Medicine , Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
| | - Bianca Rich
- a Department of Medicine , Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
| | - Tara M Mleynek
- a Department of Medicine , Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
| | - Dean Y Li
- a Department of Medicine , Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA.,d Department of Medicine , Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA.,e Department of Oncological Sciences , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA.,f Department of Human Genetics , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA.,g Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study , Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chengdu , China.,h Department of Cardiology , VA Salt Lake City Health Care System , Salt Lake City , UT , USA.,i Navigen Inc. , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
| | - Shannon J Odelberg
- a Department of Medicine , Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA.,d Department of Medicine , Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA.,j Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
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Chen J, Zeng F, Forrester SJ, Eguchi S, Zhang MZ, Harris RC. Expression and Function of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Physiology and Disease. Physiol Rev 2016; 96:1025-1069. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00030.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is the prototypical member of a family of membrane-associated intrinsic tyrosine kinase receptors, the ErbB family. EGFR is activated by multiple ligands, including EGF, transforming growth factor (TGF)-α, HB-EGF, betacellulin, amphiregulin, epiregulin, and epigen. EGFR is expressed in multiple organs and plays important roles in proliferation, survival, and differentiation in both development and normal physiology, as well as in pathophysiological conditions. In addition, EGFR transactivation underlies some important biologic consequences in response to many G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) agonists. Aberrant EGFR activation is a significant factor in development and progression of multiple cancers, which has led to development of mechanism-based therapies with specific receptor antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors. This review highlights the current knowledge about mechanisms and roles of EGFR in physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchun Chen
- Departments of Medicine, Cancer Biology, and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Nashville Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee; and Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Fenghua Zeng
- Departments of Medicine, Cancer Biology, and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Nashville Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee; and Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Steven J. Forrester
- Departments of Medicine, Cancer Biology, and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Nashville Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee; and Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Satoru Eguchi
- Departments of Medicine, Cancer Biology, and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Nashville Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee; and Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ming-Zhi Zhang
- Departments of Medicine, Cancer Biology, and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Nashville Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee; and Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Raymond C. Harris
- Departments of Medicine, Cancer Biology, and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Nashville Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee; and Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Chomphoo S, Mothong W, Sawatpanich T, Kanla P, Sakagami H, Kondo H, Hipkaeo W. Ultrastructural Localization of Endogenous Exchange Factor for ARF6 in Adrenocortical Cells In Situ of Mice. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2016; 49:83-7. [PMID: 27462133 PMCID: PMC4939315 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.16008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
EFA6 (exchange factor for ARF6) activates Arf6 (ADP ribosylation factor 6) by exchanging ADP to ATP, and the resulting activated form of Arf6 is involved in the membrane dynamics and actin re-organization of cells. The present study was attempted to localize EFA6 type D (EFA6D) in mouse adrenocortical cells in situ whose steroid hormone secretion is generally considered not to depend on the vesicle-involved regulatory mechanism. In immunoblotting, an immunoreactive band with the same size as brain EFA6D was detected in homogenates of adrenal cortical tissues almost free of adrenal capsules and medulla. In immuno-light microscopy, EFA6D-immunoreactivity was positive in adrenocortical cells and it was often distinct along the plasmalemma, especially along portions of the cell columns facing the interstitium. In immuno-electron microscopy, the gold-labeling was more dense in the peripheral intracellular domains than the central domain of the immunopositive cells. The labeling was deposited on the plasma membranes in a discontinuous pattern and in cytoplasmic domains rich in filaments. It was also associated with some, but not all, of pleiomorphic vesicles and coated pits/vesicles. No labeling was seen in association with lipid droplets or smooth endoplasmic reticulum. The present finding is in support of the importance of EFA6D for activation of Arf6 in adrenocortical cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surang Chomphoo
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University
- Neuroscience Research and Development Group, Khon Kaen University
| | - Wilaiwan Mothong
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University
| | - Tarinee Sawatpanich
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University
| | - Pipatphong Kanla
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University
| | | | - Hisatake Kondo
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University
| | - Wiphawi Hipkaeo
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University
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5
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Yoo JH, Shi DS, Grossmann AH, Sorensen LK, Tong Z, Mleynek TM, Rogers A, Zhu W, Richards JR, Winter JM, Zhu J, Dunn C, Bajji A, Shenderovich M, Mueller AL, Woodman SE, Harbour JW, Thomas KR, Odelberg SJ, Ostanin K, Li DY. ARF6 Is an Actionable Node that Orchestrates Oncogenic GNAQ Signaling in Uveal Melanoma. Cancer Cell 2016; 29:889-904. [PMID: 27265506 PMCID: PMC5027844 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2016.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Activating mutations in Gαq proteins, which form the α subunit of certain heterotrimeric G proteins, drive uveal melanoma oncogenesis by triggering multiple downstream signaling pathways, including PLC/PKC, Rho/Rac, and YAP. Here we show that the small GTPase ARF6 acts as a proximal node of oncogenic Gαq signaling to induce all of these downstream pathways as well as β-catenin signaling. ARF6 activates these diverse pathways through a common mechanism: the trafficking of GNAQ and β-catenin from the plasma membrane to cytoplasmic vesicles and the nucleus, respectively. Blocking ARF6 with a small-molecule inhibitor reduces uveal melanoma cell proliferation and tumorigenesis in a mouse model, confirming the functional relevance of this pathway and suggesting a therapeutic strategy for Gα-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hyuk Yoo
- Department of Medicine, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, 15 North 2030 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Dallas S Shi
- Department of Medicine, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, 15 North 2030 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Allie H Grossmann
- Department of Medicine, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, 15 North 2030 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; ARUP Laboratories, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Lise K Sorensen
- Department of Medicine, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, 15 North 2030 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - ZongZhong Tong
- Navigen Inc., 383 Colorow Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA; Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Tara M Mleynek
- Department of Medicine, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, 15 North 2030 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Aaron Rogers
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Weiquan Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, 15 North 2030 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jackson R Richards
- Department of Medicine, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, 15 North 2030 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jacob M Winter
- Department of Medicine, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, 15 North 2030 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Christine Dunn
- Navigen Inc., 383 Colorow Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Ashok Bajji
- Navigen Inc., 383 Colorow Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA; VioGen Biosciences LLC, Salt Lake City, UT 84119, USA
| | - Mark Shenderovich
- Navigen Inc., 383 Colorow Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA; Mol3D Research LLC, Salt Lake City, UT 84124, USA
| | - Alan L Mueller
- Navigen Inc., 383 Colorow Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Scott E Woodman
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, Department of Systems Biology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - J William Harbour
- Ocular Oncology Service, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Kirk R Thomas
- Department of Medicine, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, 15 North 2030 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Shannon J Odelberg
- Department of Medicine, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, 15 North 2030 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Kirill Ostanin
- Navigen Inc., 383 Colorow Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA.
| | - Dean Y Li
- Department of Medicine, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, 15 North 2030 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; ARUP Laboratories, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Cardiology, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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Anastasi S, Zhu SJ, Ballarò C, Manca S, Lamberti D, Wang LJ, Alemà S, Yun CH, Segatto O. Lack of Evidence that CYTH2/ARNO Functions as a Direct Intracellular EGFR Activator. Cell 2016; 165:1031-1034. [PMID: 27203102 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Anastasi
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, via Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Su-Jie Zhu
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Biophysics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing100191, China
| | - Costanza Ballarò
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council, 00016 Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Sonia Manca
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, via Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Dante Lamberti
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, via Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Li-Jun Wang
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Biophysics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing100191, China
| | - Stefano Alemà
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council, 00016 Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Cai-Hong Yun
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Biophysics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing100191, China.
| | - Oreste Segatto
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, via Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy.
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Büttner R, Berndt A, Valkova C, Richter P, Korn A, Kosan C, Liebmann C. Myofibroblasts have an impact on expression, dimerization and signaling of different ErbB receptors in OSCC cells. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2016; 37:25-37. [PMID: 27051967 DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2016.1155066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Receptors of the ErbB family belong to the key players in cancer development and are targets of several therapeutic approaches. Their functional dependency on the tumor microenvironment, especially on CAFs is albeit still poorly understood. Our objective was to investigate the impact of CAF secretome on ErbB receptor expression and signaling behavior in OSCC. METHODS Stimulation of PE/CA-PJ15 OSCC cells with conditioned media of TGF-β1-activated fibroblasts was used as model system for CAF to cancer cell communication. Thereby costimulation with inhibitors against matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), MAPK/ERK kinase (MEK), phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3-K), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) or knockdown of Her3 by siRNA was utilized for detailed investigation of the expression, dimerization and signaling pattern of ErbB in western blot and coimmunoprecipitation. RESULTS Our results show that soluble factors in activated fibroblast secretome stimulate metalloproteinase activity in the membrane of cancer cells. Thereby ligands are released that activate EGFR and subsequently upregulates EGFR expression via the STAT3 pathway. Simultaneously, the expression of PKCɛ was enhanced via a PI3-kinase/Akt-mediated pathway and a negative feedback regulation loop on EGFR downstream signaling generated. Furthermore, the activated fibroblasts secretome stimulated the highly oncogenic hetero-dimerization between HER3 and p95HER2. That protein association is inversely dependent on the expression level of HER3. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that the activated fibroblasts secretome can induce a counterbalanced regulation of protein expression, downstream signaling and the dimerization patterns of different ErbB receptor subtypes in the cancer cell. Thus, the combinatorial targeting of CAFs and selective ErbB receptor subtype inhibitors may provide a useful approach in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Büttner
- a Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Jena , Germany.,b Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute , >Jena > , Germany
| | - Alexander Berndt
- c Institute of Pathology, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany , and
| | - Christina Valkova
- b Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute , >Jena > , Germany
| | - Petra Richter
- c Institute of Pathology, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany , and
| | - Alexander Korn
- a Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Jena , Germany.,d Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Leipzig University Hospital , Leipzig , Germany
| | - Christian Kosan
- a Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Jena , Germany
| | - Claus Liebmann
- a Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Jena , Germany
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8
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Selwan EM, Finicle BT, Kim SM, Edinger AL. Attacking the supply wagons to starve cancer cells to death. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:885-907. [PMID: 26938658 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The constitutive anabolism of cancer cells not only supports proliferation but also addicts tumor cells to a steady influx of exogenous nutrients. Limiting access to metabolic substrates could be an effective and selective means to block cancer growth. In this review, we define the pathways by which cancer cells acquire the raw materials for anabolism, highlight the actionable proteins in each pathway, and discuss the status of therapeutic interventions that disrupt nutrient acquisition. Critical open questions to be answered before apical metabolic inhibitors can be successfully and safely deployed in the clinic are also outlined. In summary, recent studies provide strong support that substrate limitation is a powerful therapeutic strategy to effectively, and safely, starve cancer cells to death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Selwan
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Brendan T Finicle
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Seong M Kim
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Aimee L Edinger
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, CA, USA
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9
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Bill A, Gutierrez A, Kulkarni S, Kemp C, Bonenfant D, Voshol H, Duvvuri U, Gaither LA. ANO1/TMEM16A interacts with EGFR and correlates with sensitivity to EGFR-targeting therapy in head and neck cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:9173-88. [PMID: 25823819 PMCID: PMC4496210 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) contributes to the pathogenesis of head&neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, only a subset of HNSCC patients benefit from anti-EGFR targeted therapy. By performing an unbiased proteomics screen, we found that the calcium-activated chloride channel ANO1 interacts with EGFR and facilitates EGFR-signaling in HNSCC. Using structural mutants of EGFR and ANO1 we identified the trans/juxtamembrane domain of EGFR to be critical for the interaction with ANO1. Our results show that ANO1 and EGFR form a functional complex that jointly regulates HNSCC cell proliferation. Expression of ANO1 affected EGFR stability, while EGFR-signaling elevated ANO1 protein levels, establishing a functional and regulatory link between ANO1 and EGFR. Co-inhibition of EGFR and ANO1 had an additive effect on HNSCC cell proliferation, suggesting that co-targeting of ANO1 and EGFR could enhance the clinical potential of EGFR-targeted therapy in HNSCC and might circumvent the development of resistance to single agent therapy. HNSCC cell lines with amplification and high expression of ANO1 showed enhanced sensitivity to Gefitinib, suggesting ANO1 overexpression as a predictive marker for the response to EGFR-targeting agents in HNSCC therapy. Taken together, our results introduce ANO1 as a promising target and/or biomarker for EGFR-directed therapy in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Bill
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Abraham Gutierrez
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sucheta Kulkarni
- University of Pittsburgh, Medical Center, Department of Otolaryngology, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Carolyn Kemp
- University of Pittsburgh, Medical Center, Department of Otolaryngology, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Debora Bonenfant
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, CH-4002, Switzerland
| | - Hans Voshol
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, CH-4002, Switzerland
| | - Umamaheswar Duvvuri
- University of Pittsburgh, Medical Center, Department of Otolaryngology, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,VA Pittsburgh HealthCare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - L Alex Gaither
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Guo F, Yan CY. Effect of SecinH3 on lung injury induced by sepsis of rats. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2015; 8:1049-1054. [PMID: 26706678 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study effect of SecinH3 on lung injury induced by the sepsis of rats. METHODS A total of 30 SPF Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups, including 5 rats in the control group and 25 in the model group. The intraperitoneal injection of endotoxin-lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was performed to build the animal model of sepsis. The blood gas analysis was carried out. Afterwards, change in the expression of pro-inflammatory factors of IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α in the serum were detected. To study the mechanism of SecinH3 in the process of lung injury induced by the sepsis, the rats with the successful modeling of sepsis were randomly divided into two groups. Rats in the SecinH3 group were given the intraperitoneal injection of 100 μg/12 h SecinH3 for 24 h; while rats in the control group were given the injection of same solvent by the same dosage. The blood was drawn from the heart by 500 μL for the blood gas analysis to detect the change in the expression of pro-inflammatory factors of IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α in the treatment group and control group. After separating the lung tissue, the Real-time PCR and western blotting were performed to analyze the effect of SecinH3 on the expression of cytohesins and also discuss the change of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and p-EGFR related to the signaling pathway of EGFR-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase that is regulated by cytohesins. RESULTS Three rats died within 4 h after the injection of LPS, while other 22 ones had the successful modeling, with the success rate of 88%. After being stimulated by LPS, compared with the control group, the arterial partial pressure of oxygen of rats in the treatment group was significantly reduced (P < 0.05), while the partial pressure of CO2 was significantly increased (P < 0.01). After being treated by SecinH3, Pa/O2 was increased with the sepsis, while Pa/CO2 was decreased with the action of SecinH3, which indicated that SecinH3 had the certain 'repairing' ability for the lung injury. SecinH3 might inhibit the cytohesins and then inhibit the phosphorylation of EGFR. CONCLUSIONS SecinH3 can significantly inhibit the cytohesins and then relieve the lung injury induced by the sepsis of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Guo
- Intensive Care Unit, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Chun-Yan Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China.
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11
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Anastasi S, Lamberti D, Alemà S, Segatto O. Regulation of the ErbB network by the MIG6 feedback loop in physiology, tumor suppression and responses to oncogene-targeted therapeutics. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2015; 50:115-24. [PMID: 26456277 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The ErbB signaling network instructs the execution of key cellular programs, such as cell survival, proliferation and motility, through the generation of robust signals of defined strength and duration. In contrast, unabated ErbB signaling disrupts tissue homeostasis and leads to cell transformation. Cells oppose the threat inherent in excessive ErbB activity through several mechanisms of negative feedback regulation. Inducible feedback inhibitors (IFIs) are expressed in the context of transcriptional responses triggered by ErbB signaling, thus being uniquely suited to regulate ErbB activity during the execution of complex cellular programs. This review focuses on MIG6, an IFI that restrains ErbB signaling by mediating ErbB kinase suppression and receptor down-regulation. We will review key issues in MIG6 function, regulation and tumor suppressor activity. Subsequently, the role for MIG6 loss in the pathogenesis of tumors driven by ErbB oncogenes as well as in the generation of cellular addiction to ErbB signaling will be discussed. We will conclude by analyzing feedback inhibition by MIG6 in the context of therapies directed against ErbB and non-ErbB oncogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Anastasi
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, via E. Chianesi, 53, 00144 Rome, Italy.
| | - Dante Lamberti
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, via E. Chianesi, 53, 00144 Rome, Italy.
| | - Stefano Alemà
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, CNR, 00016 Monterotondo, Italy.
| | - Oreste Segatto
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, via E. Chianesi, 53, 00144 Rome, Italy.
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12
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van der Sligte NE, Scherpen FJG, Ter Elst A, Guryev V, van Leeuwen FN, de Bont ESJM. Effect of IKZF1 deletions on signal transduction pathways in Philadelphia chromosome negative pediatric B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL). Exp Hematol Oncol 2015; 4:23. [PMID: 26269779 PMCID: PMC4534008 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-015-0017-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background IKZF1 deletions are an unfavorable prognostic factor in children with Philadelphia chromosome positive (Ph+) as well as negative (Ph−) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Although IKZF1 deletions occur in 10–15% of Ph− ALL cases, effects of IKZF1 deletions on signaling pathways in this group have not been extensively studied. Therefore, in this study we aimed to study the effect of IKZF1 deletions on active signal transduction pathways. Methods Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) was used to determine IKZF1 deletions and other copy number alterations in 109 pediatric B-Cell Precursor ALL (BCP-ALL) patients. Kinase activity profiling of 45 primary Ph− BCP-ALL patients (31 IKZF1 wild type patients and 14 patients harboring an IKZF1 alteration) and western blot analysis of 14 pediatric BCP-ALL samples was performed to determine active signal transduction pathways. Results Unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis of kinome profiles of 45 pediatric Ph− ALL cases showed no clustering based on IKZF1 status. Comparing the phosphorylation intensities of peptides associated with signaling pathways known to be involved in BCP-ALL maintenance, we did not observe differences between the two groups. Western blot analysis of 14 pediatric BCP-ALL samples showed large variations in phosphorylation levels between the different ALL samples, independent of IKZF1 status. Conclusions Based on these results we conclude that, although IKZF1 deletions appear to be an important clinical prognostic factor, we were unable to identify a unique IKZF1 dependent protein expression signature in pediatric Ph− ALL and consequently no specific targets for future therapy of Ph−IKZF1 deleted BCP-ALL could be identified. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40164-015-0017-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi E van der Sligte
- Division of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank J G Scherpen
- Division of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arja Ter Elst
- Division of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Victor Guryev
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank N van Leeuwen
- Laboratory of Pediatric Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Eveline S J M de Bont
- Division of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
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Reviriego-Mendoza MM, Santy LC. The cytohesin guanosine exchange factors (GEFs) are required to promote HGF-mediated renal recovery after acute kidney injury (AKI) in mice. Physiol Rep 2015; 3:3/6/e12442. [PMID: 26116550 PMCID: PMC4522160 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of current treatment and preventable measures for acute kidney injury (AKI) in hospitalized patients results in an increased mortality rate of up to 80% and elevated health costs. Additionally, if not properly repaired, those who survive AKI may develop fibrosis and long-term kidney damage. The molecular aspects of kidney injury and repair are still uncertain. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) promotes recovery of the injured kidney by inducing survival and migration of tubular epithelial cells to repopulate bare tubule areas. HGF-stimulated kidney epithelial cell migration requires the activation of ADP-ribosylation factor 6 (Arf6) and Rac1 via the cytohesin family of Arf-guanine-nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), in vitro. We used an ischemia and reperfusion injury (IRI) mouse model to analyze the effects of modulating this signaling pathway on kidney recovery. We treated IRI mice with either HGF, the cytohesin inhibitor SecinH3, or a combination of both. As previously reported, HGF treatment promoted rapid improvement of kidney function as evidenced by creatinine (Cre) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels. In contrast, simultaneous treatment with SecinH3 and HGF blocks the ability of HGF to promote kidney recovery. Immunohistochemistry showed that HGF treatment promoted recovery of tubule structure, and had enhanced levels of active, GTP-bound Arf6 and GTP-Rac1. SecinH3 treatment, however, caused a dramatic decrease in GTP-Arf6 and GTP-Rac1 levels when compared to kidney sections from HGF-treated IRI mice. Additionally, SecinH3 counteracted the renal reparative effects of HGF. Our results support the conclusion that cytohesin function is required for HGF-stimulated renal IRI repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta M Reviriego-Mendoza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Lorraine C Santy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
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14
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Arimoto KI, Weng S, Zhang DE. Plakophilin-2 induced EGFR phosphorylation: a focus on the intracellular activators of EGFR. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 2:e485. [PMID: 25995992 DOI: 10.14800/rci.485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The oncogenic role of EGFR in many tumors has attracted a great deal of attention in the recent years and initiated the development of several potent EGFR inhibitors, which are used clinically for cancer treatment. However, the current therapeutic inhibition of EGFR signaling is limited to monoclonal antibodies that bind to the EGFR extracellular domain or tyrosine kinase inhibitors that block EGFR kinase activation directly. Despite the great promise of these inhibitors, a certain percentage of patients develop resistance to these therapies, highlighting the necessity for alternative therapeutic strategies based on our most current knowledge of the mechanisms of EGFR signaling. We recently reported that Plakofilin-2 (PKP2) is a novel ligand-independent cytoplasmic activator of EGFR signaling. Here we focus on recent studies demonstrating important roles of intracellular EGFR activators, and propose targeted disruption of these activators as a novel avenue of therapeutic intervention to inhibit EGFR-mediated cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dong-Er Zhang
- Moores UCSD Cancer Center ; Department of Pathology and Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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15
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Liu J, Lee DM, Yu CG, Angers S, Harris TJC. Stepping stone: a cytohesin adaptor for membrane cytoskeleton restraint in the syncytial Drosophila embryo. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 26:711-25. [PMID: 25540427 PMCID: PMC4325841 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-11-1554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytohesin Arf-GEFs are conserved plasma membrane regulators. The sole Drosophila cytohesin, Steppke, restrains Rho1-dependent membrane cytoskeleton activity at the base of plasma membrane furrows of the syncytial embryo. By mass spectrometry, we identified a single major Steppke-interacting protein from syncytial embryos, which we named Stepping stone (Sstn). By sequence, Sstn seems to be a divergent homologue of the mammalian cytohesin adaptor FRMD4A. Our experiments supported this relationship. Specifically, heterophilic coiled-coil interactions linked Sstn and Steppke in vivo and in vitro, whereas a separate C-terminal region was required for Sstn localization to furrows. Sstn mutant and RNAi embryos displayed abnormal, Rho1-dependent membrane cytoskeleton expansion from the base of pseudocleavage and cellularization furrows, closely mimicking Steppke loss-of-function embryos. Elevating Sstn furrow levels had no effect on the steppke phenotype, but elevating Steppke furrow levels reversed the sstn phenotype, suggesting that Steppke acts downstream of Sstn and that additional mechanisms can recruit Steppke to furrows. Finally, the coiled-coil domain of Steppke was required for Sstn binding and in addition homodimerization, and its removal disrupted Steppke furrow localization and activity in vivo. Overall we propose that Sstn acts as a cytohesin adaptor that promotes Steppke activity for localized membrane cytoskeleton restraint in the syncytial Drosophila embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangshu Liu
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Donghoon M Lee
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Cao Guo Yu
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Stephane Angers
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Tony J C Harris
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
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16
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Plakophilin-2 promotes tumor development by enhancing ligand-dependent and -independent epidermal growth factor receptor dimerization and activation. Mol Cell Biol 2014; 34:3843-54. [PMID: 25113560 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00758-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) has been implicated in tumor development and invasion. Dimerization and autophosphorylation of EGFR are the critical events for EGFR activation. However, the regulation of EGF-dependent and EGF-independent dimerization and phosphorylation of EGFR has not been fully understood. Here, we report that cytoplasmic protein plakophilin-2 (PKP2) is a novel positive regulator of EGFR signaling. PKP2 specifically interacts with EGFR via its N-terminal head domain. Increased PKP2 expression enhances EGF-dependent and EGF-independent EGFR dimerization and phosphorylation. Moreover, PKP2 knockdown reduces EGFR phosphorylation and attenuates EGFR-mediated signal activation, resulting in a significant decrease in proliferation and migration of cancer cells and tumor development. Our results indicate that PKP2 is a novel activator of the EGFR signaling pathway and a potential new drug target for inhibiting tumor growth.
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17
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Wittinghofer A. Arf Proteins and Their Regulators: At the Interface Between Membrane Lipids and the Protein Trafficking Machinery. RAS SUPERFAMILY SMALL G PROTEINS: BIOLOGY AND MECHANISMS 2 2014. [PMCID: PMC7123483 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-07761-1_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The Arf small GTP-binding (G) proteins regulate membrane traffic and organelle structure in eukaryotic cells through a regulated cycle of GTP binding and hydrolysis. The first function identified for Arf proteins was recruitment of cytosolic coat complexes to membranes to mediate vesicle formation. However, subsequent studies have uncovered additional functions, including roles in plasma membrane signalling pathways, cytoskeleton regulation, lipid droplet function, and non-vesicular lipid transport. In contrast to other families of G proteins, there are only a few Arf proteins in each organism, yet they function specifically at many different cellular locations. Part of this specificity is achieved by formation of complexes with their guanine nucleotide-exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) that catalyse GTP binding and hydrolysis, respectively. Because these regulators outnumber their Arf substrates by at least 3-to-1, an important aspect of understanding Arf function is elucidating the mechanisms by which a single Arf protein is incorporated into different GEF, GAP, and effector complexes. New insights into these mechanisms have come from recent studies showing GEF–effector interactions, Arf activation cascades, and positive feedback loops. A unifying theme in the function of Arf proteins, carried out in conjunction with their regulators and effectors, is sensing and modulating the properties of the lipids that make up cellular membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred Wittinghofer
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Nordrhein-Westfalen Germany
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18
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Lu Y, Huang F, Wang J, Xia J. Affinity-Guided Covalent Conjugation Reactions Based on PDZ–Peptide and SH3–Peptide Interactions. Bioconjug Chem 2014; 25:989-99. [DOI: 10.1021/bc500134w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Lu
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Feng Huang
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jianpeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jiang Xia
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
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19
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Brinkmann J, Cavatorta E, Sankaran S, Schmidt B, van Weerd J, Jonkheijm P. About supramolecular systems for dynamically probing cells. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:4449-69. [PMID: 24681633 DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00034j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews the state of the art in the development of strategies for generating supramolecular systems for dynamic cell studies. Dynamic systems are crucial to further our understanding of cell biology and are consequently at the heart of many medical applications. Increasing interest has therefore been focused recently on rendering systems bioactive and dynamic that can subsequently be employed to engage with cells. Different approaches using supramolecular chemistry are reviewed with particular emphasis on their application in cell studies. We conclude with an outlook on future challenges for dynamic cell research and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Brinkmann
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and Department of Science and Technology, Laboratory Group of Bioinspired Molecular Engineering, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.
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20
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Pan T, Sun J, Hu J, Hu Y, Zhou J, Chen Z, Xu D, Xu W, Zheng S, Zhang S. Cytohesins/ARNO: the function in colorectal cancer cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90997. [PMID: 24618737 PMCID: PMC3950297 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) are critical regulators of cell differentiation, survival, proliferation, and migration in cancers. This study found that ARNO (cytohesin-2), an activator of the EGF and IGF-I pathways, was more highly expressed in colorectal cancer tissue than in benign adjacent colorectal tissue. When ARNO-siRNA or the chemical inhibitor SecinH3 blocked ARNO, the downstream of the EGF and IGF-I pathways decreased in colorectal cell lines HT29 and HCT116. This blocking also weakened cell proliferation, invasion, and migration in vitro. Furthermore, EGF receptor (EGFR)-dependent colorectal tumor xenografts in nude mouse exerted anti-proliferative and growth suppression effects by injecting secineH3. These data suggested that inhibiting cytohesins or ARNO as cytoplasmic activators of EGFR and IGF-I in colorectal cancer resulted in anti-proliferation, reduced invasion, decreased migration, and suppressed growth in vivo and in vitro. Therefore, cytohesins or ARNO may be a potential therapy target for some colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Pan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention & Intervention, National Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junfeng Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiyi Hu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiwang Hu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dong Xu
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention & Intervention, National Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenhong Xu
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention & Intervention, National Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shu Zheng
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Suzhan Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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21
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Bill A, Hall ML, Borawski J, Hodgson C, Jenkins J, Piechon P, Popa O, Rothwell C, Tranter P, Tria S, Wagner T, Whitehead L, Gaither LA. Small molecule-facilitated degradation of ANO1 protein: a new targeting approach for anticancer therapeutics. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:11029-11041. [PMID: 24599954 PMCID: PMC4036244 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.549188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
ANO1, a calcium-activated chloride channel, is highly expressed and amplified in human cancers and is a critical survival factor in these cancers. The ANO1 inhibitor CaCCinh-A01 decreases proliferation of ANO1-amplified cell lines; however, the mechanism of action remains elusive. We explored the mechanism behind the inhibitory effect of CaCCinh-A01 on cell proliferation using a combined experimental and in silico approach. We show that inhibition of ANO1 function is not sufficient to diminish proliferation of ANO1-dependent cancer cells. We report that CaCCinh-A01 reduces ANO1 protein levels by facilitating endoplasmic reticulum-associated, proteasomal turnover of ANO1. Washout of CaCCinh-A01 rescued ANO1 protein levels and resumed cell proliferation. Proliferation of newly derived CaCCinh-A01-resistant cell pools was not affected by CaCCinh-A01 as compared with the parental cells. Consistently, CaCCinh-A01 failed to reduce ANO1 protein levels in these cells, whereas ANO1 currents were still inhibited by CaCCinh-A01, indicating that CaCCinh-A01 inhibits cell proliferation by reducing ANO1 protein levels. Furthermore, we employed in silico methods to elucidate novel biological functions of ANO1 inhibitors. Specifically, we derived a pharmacophore model to describe inhibitors capable of promoting ANO1 degradation and report new inhibitors of ANO1-dependent cell proliferation. In summary, our data demonstrate that inhibition of the channel activity of ANO1 is not sufficient to inhibit ANO1-dependent cell proliferation, indicating that the role of ANO1 in cancer only partially depends on its function as a channel. Our results provide an impetus for gaining a deeper understanding of ANO1 modulation in cells and introduce a new targeting approach for antitumor therapy in ANO1-amplified cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Bill
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Michelle Lynn Hall
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Jason Borawski
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Catherine Hodgson
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Horsham, West Sussex, RH12 5AB, United Kingdom, and
| | - Jeremy Jenkins
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Philippe Piechon
- the Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel CH-4002, Switzerland
| | - Oana Popa
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Horsham, West Sussex, RH12 5AB, United Kingdom, and
| | | | - Pamela Tranter
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Horsham, West Sussex, RH12 5AB, United Kingdom, and
| | - Scott Tria
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Trixie Wagner
- the Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel CH-4002, Switzerland
| | - Lewis Whitehead
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - L Alex Gaither
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139,.
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Wills MKB, Tong J, Tremblay SL, Moran MF, Jones N. The ShcD signaling adaptor facilitates ligand-independent phosphorylation of the EGF receptor. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 25:739-52. [PMID: 24430869 PMCID: PMC3952845 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e13-08-0434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Proto-oncogenic Src homology and collagen (Shc) proteins have been considered archetypal adaptors of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mediated signaling. We report that in addition to its role as an EGFR-binding partner and Grb2 platform, ShcD acts noncanonically to promote phosphorylation of select EGFR residues. Unexpectedly, Y1068, Y1148, and Y1173 are subject to ShcD-induced, cell-autonomous hyperphosphorylation in the absence of external stimuli. This response is not elicited by other Shc proteins and requires the intrinsic EGFR kinase, as well as the ShcD phosphotyrosine-binding (PTB) domain. Assessments of Erk, Akt, phospholipase C 1γ, and FAK pathways reveal no apparent distal signaling targets of ShcD. Nevertheless, the capacity of cultured cells to repopulate a wounded monolayer is markedly accelerated by ShcD in an EGFR kinase-dependent manner. Furthermore, detection of overexpressed ShcD coincident with EGFR phosphorylation in human gliomas suggests a clinical application for these findings. We thus demonstrate unique and relevant synergy between ShcD and EGFR that is unprecedented among signaling adaptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie K. B. Wills
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Jiefei Tong
- Program in Molecular Structure and Function, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Sylvie L. Tremblay
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Michael F. Moran
- Program in Molecular Structure and Function, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L6, Canada
| | - Nina Jones
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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Sakanyan V, Angelini M, Le Béchec M, Lecocq MF, Benaiteau F, Rousseau B, Gyulkhandanyan A, Gyulkhandanyan L, Logé C, Reiter E, Roussakis C, Fleury F. Screening and discovery of nitro-benzoxadiazole compounds activating epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in cancer cells. Sci Rep 2014; 4:3977. [PMID: 24496106 PMCID: PMC3913914 DOI: 10.1038/srep03977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide ligand-induced dimerization of the extracellular region of the epidermal growth factor receptor (sEGFR) is central to the signal transduction of many cellular processes. A small molecule microarray screen has been developed to search for non-peptide compounds able to bind to sEGFR. We describe the discovery of nitro-benzoxadiazole (NBD) compounds that enhance tyrosine phosphorylation of EGFR and thereby trigger downstream signaling pathways and other receptor tyrosine kinases in cancer cells. The protein phosphorylation profile in cells exposed to NBD compounds is to some extent reminiscent of the profile induced by the cognate ligand. Experimental studies indicate that the small compounds bind to the dimerization domain of sEGFR, and generate stable dimers providing allosteric activation of the receptor. Moreover, receptor phosphorylation is associated with inhibition of PTP-1B phosphatase. Our data offer a promising paradigm for investigating new aspects of signal transduction mediated by EGFR in cancer cells exposed to electrophilic NBD compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vehary Sakanyan
- 1] ProtNeteomix, 29 rue de Provence, 44700 Orvault, France [2] IICIMED-EA 1155, UFR Sciences Pharmaceutiques, UFR Sciences et Techniques, Université de Nantes, 2 rue de la Houssinière 44322 Nantes, France
| | | | - Mickael Le Béchec
- FRE-CNRS 3478, UFR Sciences et Techniques, Université de Nantes, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes, France
| | | | - Florence Benaiteau
- IICIMED-EA 1155, UFR Sciences Pharmaceutiques, UFR Sciences et Techniques, Université de Nantes, 2 rue de la Houssinière 44322 Nantes, France
| | - Bénédicte Rousseau
- IICIMED-EA 1155, UFR Sciences Pharmaceutiques, UFR Sciences et Techniques, Université de Nantes, 2 rue de la Houssinière 44322 Nantes, France
| | - Aram Gyulkhandanyan
- Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, Yerevan, Republic of Armenia
| | - Lusine Gyulkhandanyan
- Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, Yerevan, Republic of Armenia
| | - Cédric Logé
- IICIMED-EA 1155, UFR Sciences Pharmaceutiques, UFR Sciences et Techniques, Université de Nantes, 2 rue de la Houssinière 44322 Nantes, France
| | - Eric Reiter
- BIOS group, UMR85 INRA; UMR7247 CNRS; IFCE, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Christos Roussakis
- IICIMED-EA 1155, UFR Sciences Pharmaceutiques, UFR Sciences et Techniques, Université de Nantes, 2 rue de la Houssinière 44322 Nantes, France
| | - Fabrice Fleury
- FRE-CNRS 3478, UFR Sciences et Techniques, Université de Nantes, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes, France
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Marshansky V, Rubinstein JL, Grüber G. Eukaryotic V-ATPase: novel structural findings and functional insights. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2014; 1837:857-79. [PMID: 24508215 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2014.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Revised: 12/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The eukaryotic V-type adenosine triphosphatase (V-ATPase) is a multi-subunit membrane protein complex that is evolutionarily related to F-type adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthases and A-ATP synthases. These ATPases/ATP synthases are functionally conserved and operate as rotary proton-pumping nano-motors, invented by Nature billions of years ago. In the first part of this review we will focus on recent structural findings of eukaryotic V-ATPases and discuss the role of different subunits in the function of the V-ATPase holocomplex. Despite structural and functional similarities between rotary ATPases, the eukaryotic V-ATPases are the most complex enzymes that have acquired some unconventional cellular functions during evolution. In particular, the novel roles of V-ATPases in the regulation of cellular receptors and their trafficking via endocytotic and exocytotic pathways were recently uncovered. In the second part of this review we will discuss these unique roles of V-ATPases in modulation of function of cellular receptors, involved in the development and progression of diseases such as cancer and diabetes as well as neurodegenerative and kidney disorders. Moreover, it was recently revealed that the V-ATPase itself functions as an evolutionarily conserved pH sensor and receptor for cytohesin-2/Arf-family GTP-binding proteins. Thus, in the third part of the review we will evaluate the structural basis for and functional insights into this novel concept, followed by the analysis of the potentially essential role of V-ATPase in the regulation of this signaling pathway in health and disease. Finally, future prospects for structural and functional studies of the eukaryotic V-ATPase will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Marshansky
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology, Division of Nephrology, Simches Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Kadmon Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Alexandria Center for Life Science, 450 East 29th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - John L Rubinstein
- Molecular Structure and Function Program, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Gerhard Grüber
- Nanyang Technological University, Division of Structural Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, Singapore 637551, Republic of Singapore; Bioinformatics Institute, A(⁎)STAR, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Republic of Singapore
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25
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Tai Y, Janas JA, Wang CL, Van Aelst L. Regulation of chandelier cell cartridge and bouton development via DOCK7-mediated ErbB4 activation. Cell Rep 2014; 6:254-63. [PMID: 24440718 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2013.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chandelier cells (ChCs), typified by their unique axonal morphology, are the most distinct interneurons present in cortical circuits. Via their distinctive axonal terminals, called cartridges, these cells selectively target the axon initial segment of pyramidal cells and control action potential initiation; however, the mechanisms that govern the characteristic ChC axonal structure have remained elusive. Here, by employing an in utero electroporation-based method that enables genetic labeling and manipulation of ChCs in vivo, we identify DOCK7, a member of the DOCK180 family, as a molecule essential for ChC cartridge and bouton development. Furthermore, we present evidence that DOCK7 functions as a cytoplasmic activator of the schizophrenia-associated ErbB4 receptor tyrosine kinase and that DOCK7 modulates ErbB4 activity to control ChC cartridge and bouton development. Thus, our findings define DOCK7 and ErbB4 as key components of a pathway that controls the morphological differentiation of ChCs, with implications for the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Tai
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Justyna A Janas
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Chia-Lin Wang
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Linda Van Aelst
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.
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26
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Wang J, Yu Y, Xia J. Short peptide tag for covalent protein labeling based on coiled coils. Bioconjug Chem 2013; 25:178-87. [PMID: 24341800 DOI: 10.1021/bc400498p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
To label proteins covalently, one faces a trade-off between labeling a protein specifically and using a small tag. Often one must compromise one parameter for the other or use additional components, such as an enzyme, to satisfy both requirements. Here, we report a new reaction that covalently labels proteins by using engineered coiled-coil peptides. Harnessing the concept of "proximity-induced reactivity", the 21-amino-acid three-heptad peptides CCE/CCK were modified with a nucleophilic cysteine and an α-chloroacetyl group at selected positions. When pairs of coiled coils associated, an irreversible covalent bond spontaneously formed between the peptides. The specificity of the cross-linking reaction was characterized, the probes were improved by making them bivalent, and the system was used to label a protein in vitro and receptors on the surface of mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianpeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
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27
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Tomas A, Futter CE, Eden ER. EGF receptor trafficking: consequences for signaling and cancer. Trends Cell Biol 2013; 24:26-34. [PMID: 24295852 PMCID: PMC3884125 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 553] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
EGF receptor endocytic traffic can regulate signaling and cell survival. Signaling from activated EGFR occurs at the endosome as well as the cell surface. Endocytosis can have positive and negative effects on signaling and tumorigenesis. EGFR traffic promoted by antineoplastic therapy is important in tumor resistance.
The ligand-stimulated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been extensively studied in the analysis of molecular mechanisms regulating endocytic traffic and the role of that traffic in signal transduction. Although such studies have largely focused on mitogenic signaling and dysregulated traffic in tumorigenesis, there is growing interest in the potential role of EGFR traffic in cell survival and the consequent response to cancer therapy. Here we review recent advances in our understanding of molecular mechanisms regulating ligand-stimulated EGFR activation, internalization, and post-endocytic sorting. The role of EGFR overexpression/mutation and new modulators of EGFR traffic in cancer and the response to cancer therapeutics are also discussed. Finally, we speculate on the relationship between EGFR traffic and cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Tomas
- University College London (UCL) Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Clare E Futter
- University College London (UCL) Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Emily R Eden
- University College London (UCL) Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK.
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28
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29
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Lee DM, Harris TJC. An Arf-GEF regulates antagonism between endocytosis and the cytoskeleton for Drosophila blastoderm development. Curr Biol 2013; 23:2110-20. [PMID: 24120639 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2013.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Actin cytoskeletal networks push and pull the plasma membrane (PM) to control cell structure and behavior. Endocytosis also regulates the PM and can be promoted or inhibited by cytoskeletal networks. However, endocytic regulation of the general membrane cytoskeleton is undocumented. RESULTS Here, we provide evidence for endocytic inhibition of actomyosin networks. Specifically, we find that Steppke, a cytohesin Arf-guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), controls initial PM furrow ingression during the syncytial nuclear divisions and cellularization of the Drosophila embryo. Acting at the tips of ingressing furrows, Steppke promotes local endocytic events through its Arf-GEF activity and in cooperation with the AP-2 clathrin adaptor complex. These Steppke activities appear to reduce local Rho1 protein levels and ultimately restrain actomyosin networks. Without Steppke, Rho1 pathways linked to actin polymerization and myosin activation abnormally expand the membrane cytoskeleton into taut sheets emanating perpendicularly from the furrow tips. These expansions lead to premature cellularization and abnormal expulsions of nuclei from the forming blastoderm. Finally, consistent with earlier reports, we also find that actomyosin activity can act reciprocally to inhibit the endocytosis at furrow tips. CONCLUSIONS We propose that Steppke-dependent endocytosis keeps the cytoskeleton in check as early PM furrows form. Specifically, a cytohesin Arf-GEF-Arf G protein-AP-2 endocytic axis appears to antagonize Rho1 cytoskeletal pathways to restrain the membrane cytoskeleton. However, as furrows lengthen during cellularization, the cytoskeleton gains strength, blocks the endocytic inhibition, and finally closes off the base of each cell to form the blastoderm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghoon M Lee
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
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30
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Hussein M, Bettio M, Schmitz A, Hannam JS, Theis J, Mayer G, Dosa S, Gütschow M, Famulok M. Kovalente Inhibition der Pleckstrin-Homologiedomäne von Cytohesinen durch Cyplecksine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201302207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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31
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Hussein M, Bettio M, Schmitz A, Hannam JS, Theis J, Mayer G, Dosa S, Gütschow M, Famulok M. Cyplecksins Are Covalent Inhibitors of the Pleckstrin Homology Domain of Cytohesin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:9529-33. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201302207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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32
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Miyamoto Y, Torii T, Nakamura K, Takashima S, Sanbe A, Tanoue A, Yamauchi J. Signaling through Arf6 guanine-nucleotide exchange factor cytohesin-1 regulates migration in Schwann cells. Cell Signal 2013; 25:1379-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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33
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Hahn I, Fuss B, Peters A, Werner T, Sieberg A, Gosejacob D, Hoch M. The Drosophila Arf GEF Steppke controls MAPK activation in EGFR signaling. J Cell Sci 2013; 126:2470-9. [PMID: 23549788 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.120964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) of the cytohesin protein family are regulators of GDP/GTP exchange for members of the ADP ribosylation factor (Arf) of small GTPases. They have been identified as modulators of various receptor tyrosine kinase signaling pathways including the insulin, the vascular epidermal growth factor (VEGF) and the epidermal growth factor (EGF) pathways. These pathways control many cellular functions, including cell proliferation and differentiation, and their misregulation is often associated with cancerogenesis. In vivo studies on cytohesins using genetic loss of function alleles are lacking, however, since knockout mouse models are not available yet. We have recently identified mutants for the single cytohesin Steppke (Step) in Drosophila and we could demonstrate an essential role of Step in the insulin signaling cascade. In the present study, we provide in vivo evidence for a role of Step in EGFR signaling during wing and eye development. By analyzing step mutants, transgenic RNA interference (RNAi) and overexpression lines for tissue specific as well as clonal analysis, we found that Step acts downstream of the EGFR and is required for the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and the induction of EGFR target genes. We further demonstrate that step transcription is induced by EGFR signaling whereas it is negatively regulated by insulin signaling. Furthermore, genetic studies and biochemical analysis show that Step interacts with the Connector Enhancer of KSR (CNK). We propose that Step may be part of a larger signaling scaffold coordinating receptor tyrosine kinase-dependent MAPK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Hahn
- LIMES-Institute, Program Unit Development, Genetics and Molecular Physiology, Molecular Developmental Biology, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Str. 31, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
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34
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Xu K, Gao J, Yang X, Yao Y, Liu Q. Cytohesin-2 as a novel prognostic marker for hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2013; 29:2211-8. [PMID: 23545718 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytohesin-2 is overexpressed in human lung cancer and it activates cytoplasmic ErbB receptors. Inhibition of cytohesin-2 by SecinH3 reduces growth of EGFR-dependent lung cancer xenografts and improves the treatment of primarily EGFR-TKI-resistant lung cancers. Cytohesin-2 promotes HepG2 proliferation through the IGF pathway, and VEGF-dependent initiation of angiogenesis by regulation of VEGFR-2 internalization in endothelial cells, vessel permeability and ultimately endothelial proliferation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of cytohesin-2 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In the current study, we collected 40 HCC tissues and detected cytohesin-2 mRNA expression in the 40 HCC tissues by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), as well as its protein expression by using immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. We found that cytohesin-2 was more highly expressed in HCC compared to adjacent non-tumorous liver tissues, and cytohesin-2 expression was significantly increased in specimens with high α-fetoprotein and vascular invasion. Both univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that there is an association between cytohesin-2 expression and overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Moreover, stratified analysis showed that patients in tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage I with higher cytohesin-2 levels had shorter OS and DFS than those with lower cytohesin-2 levels. In conclusion, cytohesin-2 may identify low-and high-risk individuals with HCC and may be a valuable indicator for stratifying prognosis of TNM stage I patients. Cytohesin-2 may serve as a novel prognostic biomarker for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kedong Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
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35
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Hosokawa H, Dip PV, Merkulova M, Bakulina A, Zhuang Z, Khatri A, Jian X, Keating SM, Bueler SA, Rubinstein JL, Randazzo PA, Ausiello DA, Grüber G, Marshansky V. The N termini of a-subunit isoforms are involved in signaling between vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) and cytohesin-2. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:5896-913. [PMID: 23288846 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.409169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we reported an acidification-dependent interaction of the endosomal vacuolar H(+)-ATPase (V-ATPase) with cytohesin-2, a GDP/GTP exchange factor (GEF), suggesting that it functions as a pH-sensing receptor. Here, we have studied the molecular mechanism of signaling between the V-ATPase, cytohesin-2, and Arf GTP-binding proteins. We found that part of the N-terminal cytosolic tail of the V-ATPase a2-subunit (a2N), corresponding to its first 17 amino acids (a2N(1-17)), potently modulates the enzymatic GDP/GTP exchange activity of cytohesin-2. Moreover, this peptide strongly inhibits GEF activity via direct interaction with the Sec7 domain of cytohesin-2. The structure of a2N(1-17) and its amino acids Phe(5), Met(10), and Gln(14) involved in interaction with Sec7 domain were determined by NMR spectroscopy analysis. In silico docking experiments revealed that part of the V-ATPase formed by its a2N(1-17) epitope competes with the switch 2 region of Arf1 and Arf6 for binding to the Sec7 domain of cytohesin-2. The amino acid sequence alignment and GEF activity studies also uncovered the conserved character of signaling between all four (a1-a4) a-subunit isoforms of mammalian V-ATPase and cytohesin-2. Moreover, the conserved character of this phenomenon was also confirmed in experiments showing binding of mammalian cytohesin-2 to the intact yeast V-ATPase holo-complex. Thus, here we have uncovered an evolutionarily conserved function of the V-ATPase as a novel cytohesin-signaling receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Hosokawa
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology and Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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36
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Pan T, Sun J, Zhou J, Fu Z, Hu Y, Zheng S, Zhang S. Function and mode of action of cytohesins in the epidermal growth factor pathway in colorectal cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2012; 5:521-526. [PMID: 23420529 PMCID: PMC3573086 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2012.1064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytohesins have been identified as cytoplasmic ErbB receptor activators in certain cancers, exhibiting an important role in ErbB signaling. However, whether cytohesins are essential in colorectal cancer is unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether cytohesins contribute to the epidermal growth factor (EGF) pathway in colorectal cancer cells. RT-PCR and immunofluorescence experiments were employed to detect the expression of cytohesins in colorectal cancer cell lines. The EGF pathway activation conditions were investigated by examining the phosphorylation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and intracellular signal-related kinases, with or without chemical inhibition (SecinH3) and knockdown of cytohesins. An MTT assay was conducted to examine the inhibitory effect of SecinH3 and cytohesin-specific siRNA in HT-29 cells. Results demonstrated that the four homologous members of the cytohesin family were expressed in the four colorectal cancer cell lines. Notably, a significantly higher expression level of cytohesin-2 (ARNO) compared with the other three homologous family members was observed. Stimulation with EGF and SecinH3, as well as knockdown of ARNO, are capable of reducing EGF pathway activation and proliferation of HT-29 cells. In conclusion, cytohesins play an essential role in the activation of the EGF pathway and may be a potential target in colorectal cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Pan
- Cancer Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
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37
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Walker F, Rothacker J, Henderson C, Nice EC, Catimel B, Zhang HH, Scott AM, Bailey MF, Orchard SG, Adams TE, Liu Z, Garrett TPJ, Clayton AHA, Burgess AW. Ligand binding induces a conformational change in epidermal growth factor receptor dimers. Growth Factors 2012; 30:394-409. [PMID: 23163584 DOI: 10.3109/08977194.2012.739619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) kinase requires ligand binding to the extracellular domain (ECD). Previous reports demonstrate that the EGFR-ECD can be crystallized in two conformations - a tethered monomer or, in the presence of ligand, an untethered back-to-back dimer. We use Biosensor analysis to demonstrate that even in the monomeric state different C-terminal extensions of both truncated (EGFR(1-501))-ECD and full-length EGFR(1-621)-ECD can change the conformation of the ligand-binding site. The binding of a monoclonal antibody mAb806, which recognizes the dimer interface, to the truncated EGFR(1-501)-Fc fusion protein is reduced in the presence of ligand, consistent with a change in conformation. On the cell surface, the presence of erythroblastosis B2 (erbB2) increases the binding of mAb806 to the EGFR. The conformation of the erbB2: EGFR heterodimer interface changes when the cells are treated with epidermal growth factor (EGF). We propose that ligand induces kinase-inactive, pre-formed EGFR dimers and heterodimers to change conformation leading to kinase-active tetramers, where kinase activation occurs via an asymmetric interaction between EGFR dimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Walker
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Melbourne - Parkville Branch, Australia
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38
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Molenaar JJ, Domingo-Fernández R, Ebus ME, Lindner S, Koster J, Drabek K, Mestdagh P, van Sluis P, Valentijn LJ, van Nes J, Broekmans M, Haneveld F, Volckmann R, Bray I, Heukamp L, Sprüssel A, Thor T, Kieckbusch K, Klein-Hitpass L, Fischer M, Vandesompele J, Schramm A, van Noesel MM, Varesio L, Speleman F, Eggert A, Stallings RL, Caron HN, Versteeg R, Schulte JH. LIN28B induces neuroblastoma and enhances MYCN levels via let-7 suppression. Nat Genet 2012; 44:1199-206. [PMID: 23042116 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
LIN28B regulates developmental processes by modulating microRNAs (miRNAs) of the let-7 family. A role for LIN28B in cancer has been proposed but has not been established in vivo. Here, we report that LIN28B showed genomic aberrations and extensive overexpression in high-risk neuroblastoma compared to several other tumor entities and normal tissues. High LIN28B expression was an independent risk factor for adverse outcome in neuroblastoma. LIN28B signaled through repression of the let-7 miRNAs and consequently resulted in elevated MYCN protein expression in neuroblastoma cells. LIN28B-let-7-MYCN signaling blocked differentiation of normal neuroblasts and neuroblastoma cells. These findings were fully recapitulated in a mouse model in which LIN28B expression in the sympathetic adrenergic lineage induced development of neuroblastomas marked by low let-7 miRNA levels and high MYCN protein expression. Interference with this pathway might offer therapeutic perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan J Molenaar
- Department of Oncogenomics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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39
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Yamauchi J, Miyamoto Y, Torii T, Takashima S, Kondo K, Kawahara K, Nemoto N, Chan JR, Tsujimoto G, Tanoue A. Phosphorylation of cytohesin-1 by Fyn is required for initiation of myelination and the extent of myelination during development. Sci Signal 2012; 5:ra69. [PMID: 23012656 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2002802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Schwann cells respond to cues from axons by transforming their cellular morphology and forming myelin. We demonstrated that the guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) cytohesin-1 promoted myelination by activating the small guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) Arf6. In mice, ablating cytohesin-1 delayed myelination and diminished the amount of myelin produced. We determined that the Src-family kinase Fyn phosphorylated tyrosine 382 (Y(382)) of cytohesin-1, and we generated transgenic mice that expressed a Schwann cell-specific phosphorylation mutant of cytohesin-1 (Y382F) that could not be targeted by Fyn. During development, these transgenic mice displayed delayed myelination compared to that of wild-type mice, as well as a decrease in the amount of myelin produced, similar to that observed in cytohesin-1⁻/⁻ mice. These findings demonstrate that phosphorylation of cytohesin-1 by Fyn is required for full myelination and suggest that tyrosine phosphorylation of GEFs may be a mechanism to activate small GTPases engaged in cell morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junji Yamauchi
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
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Abstract
Small GTP-binding proteins of the ADP-ribosylation factor (Arf) family control various cell functional responses including protein transport and recycling between different cellular compartments, phagocytosis, proliferation, cytoskeletal remodelling, and migration. The activity of Arfs is tightly regulated. GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) inactivate Arfs by stimulating GTP hydrolysis, and guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) stimulate the conversion of inactive GDP-bound Arf to the active GTP-bound conformation. There is increasing evidence that Arf small GTPases contribute to cancer growth and invasion. Increased expression of Arf6 and of Arf-GEPs, or deregulation Arf-GAP functions have been correlated with enhanced invasive capacity of tumor cells and metastasis. The spatiotemporal specificity of Arf activation is dictated by their GEFs that integrate various signals in stimulated cells. Brefeldin A (BFA), which inactivates a subset of Arf-GEFs, has been very useful for assessing the function of Golgi-localized Arfs. However, specific inhibitors to investigate the individual function of BFA-sensitive and insensitive Arf-GEFs are lacking. In recent years, specific screens have been developed, and new inhibitors with improved selectivity and potency to study cell functional responses regulated by BFA-sensitive and BFA-insensitive Arf pathways have been identified. These inhibitors have been instrumental for our understanding of the spatiotemporal activation of Arf proteins in cells and demonstrate the feasibility of developing small molecules interfering with Arf activation to prevent tumor invasion and metastasis.
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Vinkenborg JL, Mayer G, Famulok M. Aptamer-based affinity labeling of proteins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:9176-80. [PMID: 22865679 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201204174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A most able label: Labeled aptamers can be cross-linked to their target structures in a light-dependent and highly specific manner as a result of a new strategy termed aptamer-based affinity labeling (ABAL) of proteins. The aptamer-protein complexes can be enriched in vitro, from a cellular lysate and from the surface of living cells, opening new ways to study aptamer interactions in biological contexts.
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Vinkenborg JL, Mayer G, Famulok M. Aptamer-basierte Affinitätsmarkierung von Proteinen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201204174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Bill A, Schmitz A, König K, Heukamp LC, Hannam JS, Famulok M. Anti-proliferative effect of cytohesin inhibition in gefitinib-resistant lung cancer cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41179. [PMID: 22815959 PMCID: PMC3399819 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), such as gefitinib, have been proven to efficiently inhibit the proliferation of a subset of non small-cell lung cancers (NSCLC). Unfortunately, the majority of NSCLC expressing wild type EGFR is primarily resistant to EGFR-TKI treatment. Here, we show that the proliferation of the gefitinib-resistant NSCLC cell lines H460 and A549 is reduced by the small molecule SecinH3 which indirectly attenuates EGFR activation by inhibition of cytohesins, a class of recently discovered cytoplasmic EGFR activators. SecinH3 and gefitinib showed a synergistic antiproliferative effect, which correlated with a profound inhibition of Akt activation and survivin expression. Treating mice bearing H460 xenografts with SecinH3 showed the antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effect of SecinH3 in vivo. Our data suggest that targeting the EGFR indirectly by inhibiting its cytoplasmic activators, the cytohesins, has the potential to improve the treatment of primarily EGFR-TKI resistant lung cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Bill
- Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry Unit, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anton Schmitz
- Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry Unit, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Katharina König
- Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | | | - Jeffrey S. Hannam
- Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry Unit, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Famulok
- Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry Unit, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Nakase I, Okumura S, Tanaka G, Osaki K, Imanishi M, Futaki S. Signal Transduction Using an Artificial Receptor System that Undergoes Dimerization Upon Addition of a Bivalent Leucine-Zipper Ligand. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201201805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Nakase I, Okumura S, Tanaka G, Osaki K, Imanishi M, Futaki S. Signal transduction using an artificial receptor system that undergoes dimerization upon addition of a bivalent leucine-zipper ligand. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:7464-7. [PMID: 22711581 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201201805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ikuhiko Nakase
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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Hons M, Niebel B, Karnowski N, Weiche B, Famulok M. Pan-selective aptamers for the family of small GTPases. Chembiochem 2012; 13:1433-7. [PMID: 22689339 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201200164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hons
- Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, Chemical Biology & Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1,53121 Bonn, Germany
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Yamanashi Y, Tezuka T, Yokoyama K. Activation of receptor protein-tyrosine kinases from the cytoplasmic compartment. J Biochem 2012; 151:353-9. [PMID: 22343747 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvs013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that receptor protein-tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are activated upon dimerization by binding to their extracellular ligands. However, EGF receptor (EGFR) dimerization per se does not require ligand binding. Instead, its cytoplasmic kinase domains have to form characteristic head-to-tail asymmetric dimers to become active, where one 'activator' domain activates the other 'receiver' domain. The non-catalytic, cytoplasmic regions of RTKs, namely the juxtamembrane and carboxy terminal portions, also regulate kinase activity. For instance, the juxtamembrane region of the RTK MuSK inhibits the kinase domain probably together with a cellular factor(s). These findings suggest that RTKs could be activated by cytoplasmic proteins. Indeed, Dok-7 and cytohesin have recently been identified as such activators of MuSK and EGFR, respectively. Given that failure of Dok-7 signaling causes myasthenia, and inhibition of cytohesin signaling reduces the proliferation of EGFR-dependent cancer cells, cytoplasmic activators of RTKs may provide new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Yamanashi
- Division of Genetics, Department of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
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Albertoni B, Hannam JS, Ackermann D, Schmitz A, Famulok M. A trifluoromethylphenyl diazirine-based SecinH3 photoaffinity probe. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:1272-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc16477a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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49
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Sun X, Zhang A, Baker B, Sun L, Howard A, Buswell J, Maurel D, Masharina A, Johnsson K, Noren CJ, Xu MQ, Corrêa IR. Development of SNAP-tag fluorogenic probes for wash-free fluorescence imaging. Chembiochem 2011; 12:2217-26. [PMID: 21793150 PMCID: PMC3213346 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201100173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The ability to specifically attach chemical probes to individual proteins represents a powerful approach to the study and manipulation of protein function in living cells. It provides a simple, robust and versatile approach to the imaging of fusion proteins in a wide range of experimental settings. However, a potential drawback of detection using chemical probes is the fluorescence background from unreacted or nonspecifically bound probes. In this report we present the design and application of novel fluorogenic probes for labeling SNAP-tag fusion proteins in living cells. SNAP-tag is an engineered variant of the human repair protein O(6)-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (hAGT) that covalently reacts with benzylguanine derivatives. Reporter groups attached to the benzyl moiety become covalently attached to the SNAP tag while the guanine acts as a leaving group. Incorporation of a quencher on the guanine group ensures that the benzylguanine probe becomes highly fluorescent only upon labeling of the SNAP-tag protein. We describe the use of intramolecularly quenched probes for wash-free labeling of cell surface-localized epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) fused to SNAP-tag and for direct quantification of SNAP-tagged β-tubulin in cell lysates. In addition, we have characterized a fast-labeling variant of SNAP-tag, termed SNAP(f), which displays up to a tenfold increase in its reactivity towards benzylguanine substrates. The presented data demonstrate that the combination of SNAP(f) and the fluorogenic substrates greatly reduces the background fluorescence for labeling and imaging applications. This approach enables highly sensitive spatiotemporal investigation of protein dynamics in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Sun
- New England Biolabs, Inc240 County Road, Ipswich, MA 01938 (USA)
| | - Aihua Zhang
- New England Biolabs, Inc240 County Road, Ipswich, MA 01938 (USA)
| | - Brenda Baker
- New England Biolabs, Inc240 County Road, Ipswich, MA 01938 (USA)
| | - Luo Sun
- New England Biolabs, Inc240 County Road, Ipswich, MA 01938 (USA)
| | - Angela Howard
- New England Biolabs, Inc240 County Road, Ipswich, MA 01938 (USA)
| | - John Buswell
- New England Biolabs, Inc240 County Road, Ipswich, MA 01938 (USA)
| | - Damien Maurel
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federal de Lausanne (EPFL)1015 Lausanne (Switzerland)
| | - Anastasiya Masharina
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federal de Lausanne (EPFL)1015 Lausanne (Switzerland)
| | - Kai Johnsson
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federal de Lausanne (EPFL)1015 Lausanne (Switzerland)
| | | | - Ming-Qun Xu
- New England Biolabs, Inc240 County Road, Ipswich, MA 01938 (USA)
| | - Ivan R Corrêa
- New England Biolabs, Inc240 County Road, Ipswich, MA 01938 (USA)
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