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López-Polo V, Maus M, Zacharioudakis E, Lafarga M, Attolini CSO, Marques FDM, Kovatcheva M, Gavathiotis E, Serrano M. Release of mitochondrial dsRNA into the cytosol is a key driver of the inflammatory phenotype of senescent cells. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7378. [PMID: 39191740 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51363-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The escape of mitochondrial double-stranded dsRNA (mt-dsRNA) into the cytosol has been recently linked to a number of inflammatory diseases. Here, we report that the release of mt-dsRNA into the cytosol is a general feature of senescent cells and a critical driver of their inflammatory secretome, known as senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Inhibition of the mitochondrial RNA polymerase, the dsRNA sensors RIGI and MDA5, or the master inflammatory signaling protein MAVS, all result in reduced expression of the SASP, while broadly preserving other hallmarks of senescence. Moreover, senescent cells are hypersensitized to mt-dsRNA-driven inflammation due to their reduced levels of PNPT1 and ADAR1, two proteins critical for mitigating the accumulation of mt-dsRNA and the inflammatory potency of dsRNA, respectively. We find that mitofusin MFN1, but not MFN2, is important for the activation of the mt-dsRNA/MAVS/SASP axis and, accordingly, genetic or pharmacologic MFN1 inhibition attenuates the SASP. Finally, we report that senescent cells within fibrotic and aged tissues present dsRNA foci, and inhibition of mitochondrial RNA polymerase reduces systemic inflammation associated to senescence. In conclusion, we uncover the mt-dsRNA/MAVS/MFN1 axis as a key driver of the SASP and we identify novel therapeutic strategies for senescence-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa López-Polo
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mate Maus
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emmanouil Zacharioudakis
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Montefiore Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center, Institute for Aging Research, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Miguel Lafarga
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Camille Stephan-Otto Attolini
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco D M Marques
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Montefiore Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center, Institute for Aging Research, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Marta Kovatcheva
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- IFOM ETS - The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Evripidis Gavathiotis
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Montefiore Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center, Institute for Aging Research, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Manuel Serrano
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain.
- Altos Labs, Cambridge Institute of Science, Granta Park, UK.
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Functional Mammalian Amyloids and Amyloid-Like Proteins. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10090156. [PMID: 32825636 PMCID: PMC7555005 DOI: 10.3390/life10090156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloids are highly ordered fibrous cross-β protein aggregates that are notorious primarily because of association with a variety of incurable human and animal diseases (termed amyloidoses), including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), type 2 diabetes (T2D), and prion diseases. Some amyloid-associated diseases, in particular T2D and AD, are widespread and affect hundreds of millions of people all over the world. However, recently it has become evident that many amyloids, termed “functional amyloids,” are involved in various activities that are beneficial to organisms. Functional amyloids were discovered in diverse taxa, ranging from bacteria to mammals. These amyloids are involved in vital biological functions such as long-term memory, storage of peptide hormones and scaffolding melanin polymerization in animals, substrate attachment, and biofilm formation in bacteria and fungi, etc. Thus, amyloids undoubtedly are playing important roles in biological and pathological processes. This review is focused on functional amyloids in mammals and summarizes approaches used for identifying new potentially amyloidogenic proteins and domains.
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The mitochondrial ubiquitin ligase MARCH5 resolves MAVS aggregates during antiviral signalling. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7910. [PMID: 26246171 PMCID: PMC4918326 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria serve as platforms for innate immunity. The mitochondrial antiviral signalling (MAVS) protein forms aggregates that elicit robust type-I interferon induction on viral infection, but persistent MAVS signalling leads to host immunopathology; it remains unknown how these signalling aggregates are resolved. Here we identify the mitochondria-resident E3 ligase, MARCH5, as a negative regulator of MAVS aggregates. March5+/− mice and MARCH5-deficient immune cells exhibit low viral replication and elevated type-I interferon responses to RNA viruses. MARCH5 binds MAVS only during viral stimulation when MAVS forms aggregates, and these interactions require the RING domain of MARCH5 and the CARD domain of MAVS. MARCH5, but not its RING mutant (MARCH5H43W), reduces the level of MAVS aggregates. MARCH5 transfers ubiquitin to Lys7 and Lys500 of MAVS and promotes its proteasome-mediated degradation. Our results indicate that MARCH5 modulates MAVS-mediated antiviral signalling, preventing excessive immune reactions. RNA viral infections trigger an immune response mediated by the formation of aggregates of the MAVS protein. Here the authors show that the mitochondrial protein MARCH5 modulates this response by transferring ubiquitin to MAVS aggregates, thus promoting their proteasomal degradation.
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Song Z, Zhao D, Yang L. Metabolism of minor isoforms of prion proteins: Cytosolic prion protein and transmembrane prion protein. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:2868-78. [PMID: 25206608 PMCID: PMC4146015 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.30.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy or prion disease is triggered by the conversion from cellular prion protein to pathogenic prion protein. Growing evidence has concentrated on prion protein configuration changes and their correlation with prion disease transmissibility and pathogenicity. In vivo and in vitro studies have shown that several cytosolic forms of prion protein with specific topological structure can destroy intracellular stability and contribute to prion protein pathogenicity. In this study, the latest molecular chaperone system associated with endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation, the endoplasmic reticulum resident protein quality-control system and the ubiquitination proteasome system, is outlined. The molecular chaperone system directly correlates with the prion protein degradation pathway. Understanding the molecular mechanisms will help provide a fascinating avenue for further investigations on prion disease treatment and prion protein-induced neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqi Song
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Deming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lifeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Abstract
Transmissible encephalopathies (TSEs) are believed by many to arise by spontaneous conversion of host prion protein (PrP) into an infectious amyloid (PrP-res, PrP (Sc) ) without nucleic acid. Many TSE agents reside in the environment, with infection controlled by public health measures. These include the disappearance of kuru with the cessation of ritual cannibalism, the dramatic reduction of epidemic bovine encephalopathy (BSE) by removal of contaminated feed, and the lack of endemic scrapie in geographically isolated Australian sheep with susceptible PrP genotypes. While prion protein modeling has engendered an intense focus on common types of protein misfolding and amyloid formation in diverse organisms and diseases, the biological characteristics of infectious TSE agents, and their recognition by the host as foreign entities, raises several fundamental new directions for fruitful investigation such as: (1) unrecognized microbial agents in the environmental metagenome that may cause latent neurodegenerative disease, (2) the evolutionary social and protective functions of different amyloid proteins in diverse organisms from bacteria to mammals, and (3) amyloid formation as a beneficial innate immune response to stress (infectious and non-infectious). This innate process however, once initiated, can become unstoppable in accelerated neuronal aging.
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Münch C, Bertolotti A. Propagation of the prion phenomenon: beyond the seeding principle. J Mol Biol 2012; 421:491-8. [PMID: 22245492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2011.12.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Revised: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The deposition of misfolded proteins is the hallmark of the late-onset, rapidly progressive and devastating neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. These diseases are caused by a gain of toxic properties associated with the propensity of otherwise soluble proteins to misfold. What governs the deposition of the disease-causing proteins in aged neurons is unclear, but recent evidence suggests that once misfolded, the diverse proteins associated with the neurodegenerative diseases can induce aggregation of their soluble counterpart, thereby sharing one of the defining properties of prions. In addition to the seeded polymerization, prions have the ability to replicate their aberrant conformation indefinitely and are transmissible. Are these properties also shared by diverse misfolded proteins?
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