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Rawal CC, Loubiere V, Butova NL, Gracia J, Parreno V, Merigliano C, Martinez AM, Cavalli G, Chiolo I. Sustained inactivation of the Polycomb PRC1 complex induces DNA repair defects and genomic instability in epigenetic tumors. Histochem Cell Biol 2024:10.1007/s00418-024-02302-z. [PMID: 38888809 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-024-02302-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Cancer initiation and progression are typically associated with the accumulation of driver mutations and genomic instability. However, recent studies demonstrated that cancer can also be driven purely by epigenetic alterations, without driver mutations. Specifically, a 24-h transient downregulation of polyhomeotic (ph-KD), a core component of the Polycomb complex PRC1, is sufficient to induce epigenetically initiated cancers (EICs) in Drosophila, which are proficient in DNA repair and characterized by a stable genome. Whether genomic instability eventually occurs when PRC1 downregulation is performed for extended periods of time remains unclear. Here, we show that prolonged depletion of PH, which mimics cancer initiating events, results in broad dysregulation of DNA replication and repair genes, along with the accumulation of DNA breaks, defective repair, and widespread genomic instability in the cancer tissue. A broad misregulation of H2AK118 ubiquitylation and to a lesser extent of H3K27 trimethylation also occurs and might contribute to these phenotypes. Together, this study supports a model where DNA repair and replication defects accumulate during the tumorigenic transformation epigenetically induced by PRC1 loss, resulting in genomic instability and cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetan C Rawal
- Department of Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, 1050 Childs Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Vincent Loubiere
- Institute of Human Genetics, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nadejda L Butova
- Department of Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, 1050 Childs Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Juliette Gracia
- Institute of Human Genetics, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Victoria Parreno
- Institute of Human Genetics, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Chiara Merigliano
- Department of Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, 1050 Childs Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Anne-Marie Martinez
- Institute of Human Genetics, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
| | - Giacomo Cavalli
- Institute of Human Genetics, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
| | - Irene Chiolo
- Department of Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, 1050 Childs Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
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2
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Li S, Meersma GJ, Kupryjanczyk J, de Jong S, Wisman GBA. Genome-wide DNA methylation in relation to ARID1A deficiency in ovarian clear cell carcinoma. J Transl Med 2024; 22:556. [PMID: 38858765 PMCID: PMC11163774 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05311-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The poor chemo-response and high DNA methylation of ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) have attracted extensive attentions. Recently, we revealed the mutational landscape of the human kinome and additional cancer-related genes and found deleterious mutations in ARID1A, a component of the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex, in 46% of OCCC patients. The present study aims to comprehensively investigate whether ARID1A loss and genome-wide DNA methylation are co-regulated in OCCC and identify putative therapeutic targets epigenetically regulated by ARID1A. METHODS DNA methylation of ARID1Amt/ko and ARID1Awt OCCC tumors and cell lines were analyzed by Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip. The clustering of OCCC tumors in relation to clinical and mutational status of tumors were analyzed by hierarchical clustering analysis of genome-wide methylation. GEO expression profiles were used to identify differentially methylated (DM) genes and their expression level in ARID1Amt/ko vs ARID1Awt OCCCs. Combining three pre-ranked GSEAs, pathways and leading-edge genes epigenetically regulated by ARID1A were revealed. The leading-edge genes that passed the in-silico validation and showed consistent ARID1A-related methylation change in tumors and cell lines were regarded as candidate genes and finally verified by bisulfite sequencing and RT-qPCR. RESULTS Hierarchical clustering analysis of genome-wide methylation showed two clusters of OCCC tumors. Tumor stage, ARID1A/PIK3CA mutations and TP53 mutations were significantly different between the two clusters. ARID1A mutations in OCCC did not cause global DNA methylation changes but were related to DM promoter or gene-body CpG islands of 2004 genes. Three pre-ranked GSEAs collectively revealed the significant enrichment of EZH2- and H3K27me3-related gene-sets by the ARID1A-related DM genes. 13 Leading-edge DM genes extracted from the enriched gene-sets passed the expression-based in-silico validation and showed consistent ARID1A-related methylation change in tumors and cell lines. Bisulfite sequencing and RT-qPCR analysis showed promoter hypermethylation and lower expression of IRX1, TMEM101 and TRIP6 in ARID1Amt compared to ARID1Awt OCCC cells, which was reversed by 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that ARID1A loss is related to the differential methylation of a number of genes in OCCC. ARID1A-dependent DM genes have been identified as key genes of many cancer-related pathways that may provide new candidates for OCCC targeted treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Jan Meersma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jolanta Kupryjanczyk
- Department of Pathology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Roentgena 5, 02-781, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Steven de Jong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - G Bea A Wisman
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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3
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Ni S, Takada Y, Ando T, Yu S, Yamashita Y, Takahashi Y, Sawada M, Oba M, Itoh Y, Suzuki T. Identification of a novel histone H2A mono-ubiquitination-inhibiting cell-active small molecule. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2024; 105:129759. [PMID: 38636717 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2024.129759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Histone H2A mono-ubiquitination plays important roles in epigenetic gene expression and is also involved in tumorigenesis. Small molecules controlling H2A ubiquitination are of interest as potential chemical tools and anticancer drugs. To identify novel small molecule inhibitors of H2A ubiquitination, we synthesized and evaluated several compounds designed based on PRT4165 (1), which is a reported histone ubiquitin ligase RING1A inhibitor. We found that compound 11b strongly inhibited the viability and reduced histone H2A mono-ubiquitination in human osteosarcoma U2OS cells. Therefore, compound 11b is a promising lead compound for the development of H2A histone ubiquitination-inhibiting small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyao Ni
- SANKEN, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Yuri Takada
- SANKEN, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Takaaki Ando
- SANKEN, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Shengwang Yu
- SANKEN, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | | | - Yukari Takahashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 1-5 Shimogamohangi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-0823, Japan
| | - Miho Sawada
- SANKEN, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Makoto Oba
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 1-5 Shimogamohangi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-0823, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Itoh
- SANKEN, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan.
| | - Takayoshi Suzuki
- SANKEN, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan.
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4
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Dasgupta A, Nandi S, Gupta S, Roy S, Das C. To Ub or not to Ub: The epic dilemma of histones that regulate gene expression and epigenetic cross-talk. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2024; 1867:195033. [PMID: 38750882 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2024.195033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
A dynamic array of histone post-translational modifications (PTMs) regulate diverse cellular processes in the eukaryotic chromatin. Among them, histone ubiquitination is particularly complex as it alters nucleosome surface area fostering intricate cross-talk with other chromatin modifications. Ubiquitin signaling profoundly impacts DNA replication, repair, and transcription. Histones can undergo varied extent of ubiquitination such as mono, multi-mono, and polyubiquitination, which brings about distinct cellular fates. Mechanistic studies of the ubiquitin landscape in chromatin have unveiled a fascinating tapestry of events that orchestrate gene regulation. In this review, we summarize the key contributors involved in mediating different histone ubiquitination and deubiquitination events, and discuss their mechanism which impacts cell transcriptional identity and DNA damage response. We also focus on the proteins bearing epigenetic reader modules critical in discerning site-specific histone ubiquitination, pivotal for establishing complex epigenetic crosstalk. Moreover, we highlight the role of histone ubiquitination in different human diseases including neurodevelopmental disorders and cancer. Overall the review elucidates the intricate orchestration of histone ubiquitination impacting diverse cellular functions and disease pathogenesis, and provides insights into the current challenges of targeting them for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Dasgupta
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India; Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA
| | - Sandhik Nandi
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Sayan Gupta
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Siddhartha Roy
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Chandrima Das
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India.
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5
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Ghate NB, Nadkarni KS, Barik GK, Tat SS, Sahay O, Santra MK. Histone ubiquitination: Role in genome integrity and chromatin organization. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2024; 1867:195044. [PMID: 38763317 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2024.195044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Maintenance of genome integrity is a precise but tedious and complex job for the cell. Several post-translational modifications (PTMs) play vital roles in maintaining the genome integrity. Although ubiquitination is one of the most crucial PTMs, which regulates the localization and stability of the nonhistone proteins in various cellular and developmental processes, ubiquitination of the histones is a pivotal epigenetic event critically regulating chromatin architecture. In addition to genome integrity, importance of ubiquitination of core histones (H2A, H2A, H3, and H4) and linker histone (H1) have been reported in several cellular processes. However, the complex interplay of histone ubiquitination and other PTMs, as well as the intricate chromatin architecture and dynamics, pose a significant challenge to unravel how histone ubiquitination safeguards genome stability. Therefore, further studies are needed to elucidate the interactions between histone ubiquitination and other PTMs, and their role in preserving genome integrity. Here, we review all types of histone ubiquitinations known till date in maintaining genomic integrity during transcription, replication, cell cycle, and DNA damage response processes. In addition, we have also discussed the role of histone ubiquitination in regulating other histone PTMs emphasizing methylation and acetylation as well as their potential implications in chromatin architecture. Further, we have also discussed the involvement of deubiquitination enzymes (DUBs) in controlling histone ubiquitination in modulating cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Baban Ghate
- Cancer Biology Division, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India.
| | - Kaustubh Sanjay Nadkarni
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India
| | - Ganesh Kumar Barik
- Cancer Biology Division, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India; Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India
| | - Sharad Shriram Tat
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India
| | - Osheen Sahay
- Cancer Biology Division, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India; Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India
| | - Manas Kumar Santra
- Cancer Biology Division, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India.
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6
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Dou Z, Lu F, Hu J, Li B, Li X. CBX7 silencing promoted liver regeneration by interacting with BMI1 and activating the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11008. [PMID: 38744845 PMCID: PMC11094083 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58248-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple studies have shown knockdown of chromobox 7 (CBX7) promotes the regenerative capacity of various cells or tissues. We examined the effect of CBX7 on hepatocyte proliferation and liver regeneration after 2/3 hepatectomy in a mouse model. For in vitro experiments, NCTC 1469 and BNL CL.2 hepatocytes were co-transfected with siRNA-CBX7-1 (si-CBX7-1), siRNA-CBX7-2 (si-CBX7-2), pcDNA-CBX7, si-BMI1-1, si-BMI1-2, pcDNA-BMI1, or their negative control. For in vivo experiments, mice were injected intraperitoneally with lentivirus-packaged shRNA and shRNA CBX7 before hepatectomy. Our results showed that CBX7 was rapidly induced in the early stage of liver regeneration. CBX7 regulated hepatocyte proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis of NCTC 1469 and BNL CL.2 hepatocytes. CBX7 interacted with BMI1 and inhibited BMI1 expression in hepatocytes. Silencing BMI1 aggregated the inhibitory effect of CBX7 overexpression on hepatocyte viability and the promotion of apoptosis. Furthermore, silencing BMI1 enhanced the regulatory effect of CBX7 on Nrf2/ARE signaling in HGF-induced hepatocytes. In vivo, CBX7 silencing enhanced liver/body weight ratio in PH mice. CBX7 silencing promoted the Ki67-positive cell count and decreased the Tunel-positive cell count after hepatectomy, and also increased the expression of nuclear Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO-1. Our results suggest that CBX7 silencing may increase survival following hepatectomy by promoting liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Dou
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, No. 199, Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Fei Lu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, No. 199, Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Jinjing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, No. 1 Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xun Li
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, No. 199, Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, No. 1 Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, No. 1 Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.
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7
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Guo J, Zou Z, Dou X, Zhao X, Wang Y, Wei L, Pi Y, Wang Y, He C, Guo S. Zebrafish Mbd5 binds to RNA m5C and regulates histone deubiquitylation and gene expression in development metabolism and behavior. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:4257-4275. [PMID: 38366571 PMCID: PMC11077058 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Complex biological processes are regulated by both genetic and epigenetic programs. One class of epigenetic modifications is methylation. Evolutionarily conserved methyl-CpG-binding domain (MBD)-containing proteins are known as readers of DNA methylation. MBD5 is linked to multiple human diseases but its mechanism of action remains unclear. Here we report that the zebrafish Mbd5 does not bind to methylated DNA; but rather, it directly binds to 5-methylcytosine (m5C)-modified mRNAs and regulates embryonic development, erythrocyte differentiation, iron metabolism, and behavior. We further show that Mbd5 facilitates removal of the monoubiquitin mark at histone H2A-K119 through an interaction with the Polycomb repressive deubiquitinase (PR-DUB) complex in vivo. The direct target genes of Mbd5 are enriched with both RNA m5C and H2A-K119 ubiquitylation signals. Together, we propose that zebrafish MBD5 is an RNA m5C reader that potentially links RNA methylation to histone modification and in turn transcription regulation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biology Education, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongyu Zou
- Department of Chemistry and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Dou
- Department of Chemistry and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Programs in Human Genetics and Biological Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Yimin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, No. 399, Wanyuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, China
| | - Liqiang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biology Education, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Programs in Human Genetics and Biological Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Yan Pi
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biology Education, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Programs in Human Genetics and Biological Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, No. 399, Wanyuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuan He
- Department of Chemistry and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Su Guo
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Programs in Human Genetics and Biological Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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8
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Shi TH, Sugishita H, Gotoh Y. Crosstalk within and beyond the Polycomb repressive system. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202311021. [PMID: 38506728 PMCID: PMC10955045 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202311021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of multicellular organisms depends on spatiotemporally controlled differentiation of numerous cell types and their maintenance. To generate such diversity based on the invariant genetic information stored in DNA, epigenetic mechanisms, which are heritable changes in gene function that do not involve alterations to the underlying DNA sequence, are required to establish and maintain unique gene expression programs. Polycomb repressive complexes represent a paradigm of epigenetic regulation of developmentally regulated genes, and the roles of these complexes as well as the epigenetic marks they deposit, namely H3K27me3 and H2AK119ub, have been extensively studied. However, an emerging theme from recent studies is that not only the autonomous functions of the Polycomb repressive system, but also crosstalks of Polycomb with other epigenetic modifications, are important for gene regulation. In this review, we summarize how these crosstalk mechanisms have improved our understanding of Polycomb biology and how such knowledge could help with the design of cancer treatments that target the dysregulated epigenome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Hideyuki Shi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sugishita
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukiko Gotoh
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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9
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Tsai JM, Nowak RP, Ebert BL, Fischer ES. Targeted protein degradation: from mechanisms to clinic. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2024:10.1038/s41580-024-00729-9. [PMID: 38684868 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-024-00729-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Targeted protein degradation refers to the use of small molecules to induce the selective degradation of proteins. In its most common form, this degradation is achieved through ligand-mediated neo-interactions between ubiquitin E3 ligases - the principal waste disposal machines of a cell - and the protein targets of interest, resulting in ubiquitylation and subsequent proteasomal degradation. Notable advances have been made in biological and mechanistic understanding of serendipitously discovered degraders. This improved understanding and novel chemistry has not only provided clinical proof of concept for targeted protein degradation but has also led to rapid growth of the field, with dozens of investigational drugs in active clinical trials. Two distinct classes of protein degradation therapeutics are being widely explored: bifunctional PROTACs and molecular glue degraders, both of which have their unique advantages and challenges. Here, we review the current landscape of targeted protein degradation approaches and how they have parallels in biological processes. We also outline the ongoing clinical exploration of novel degraders and provide some perspectives on the directions the field might take.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Tsai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Radosław P Nowak
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute of Structural Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Benjamin L Ebert
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Eric S Fischer
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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10
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Rawal CC, Loubiere V, Butova NL, Garcia J, Parreno V, Martinez AM, Cavalli G, Chiolo I. Sustained inactivation of the Polycomb PRC1 complex induces DNA repair defects and genomic instability in epigenetic tumors. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4289524. [PMID: 38746379 PMCID: PMC11092839 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4289524/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Cancer initiation and progression are typically associated with the accumulation of driver mutations and genomic instability. However, recent studies demonstrated that cancers can also be purely initiated by epigenetic alterations, without driver mutations. Specifically, a 24-hours transient down-regulation of polyhomeotic (ph-KD), a core component of the Polycomb complex PRC1, is sufficient to drive epigenetically initiated cancers (EICs) in Drosophila, which are proficient in DNA repair and are characterized by a stable genome. Whether genomic instability eventually occurs when PRC1 down-regulation is performed for extended periods of time remains unclear. Here we show that prolonged depletion of a PRC1 component, which mimics cancer initiating events, results in broad dysregulation of DNA replication and repair genes, along with the accumulation of DNA breaks, defective repair, and widespread genomic instability in the cancer tissue. A broad mis-regulation of H2AK118 ubiquitylation and to a lesser extent of H3K27 trimethylation also occurs, and might contribute to these phenotypes. Together, this study supports a model where DNA repair and replication defects amplify the tumorigenic transformation epigenetically induced by PRC1 loss, resulting in genomic instability and cancer progression.
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11
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Cheng Y, Song Z, Fang X, Tang Z. Polycomb repressive complex 2 and its core component EZH2: potential targeted therapeutic strategies for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Epigenetics 2024; 16:54. [PMID: 38600608 PMCID: PMC11007890 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-024-01666-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The polycomb group (PcG) comprises a set of proteins that exert epigenetic regulatory effects and play crucial roles in diverse biological processes, ranging from pluripotency and development to carcinogenesis. Among these proteins, enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) stands out as a catalytic component of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), which plays a role in regulating the expression of homologous (Hox) genes and initial stages of x chromosome inactivation. In numerous human cancers, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), EZH2 is frequently overexpressed or activated and has been identified as a negative prognostic factor. Notably, EZH2 emerges as a significant gene involved in regulating the STAT3/HOTAIR axis, influencing HNSCC proliferation, differentiation, and promoting metastasis by modulating related oncogenes in oral cancer. Currently, various small molecule compounds have been developed as inhibitors specifically targeting EZH2 and have gained approval for treating refractory tumors. In this review, we delve into the epigenetic regulation mediated by EZH2/PRC2 in HNSCC, with a specific focus on exploring the potential roles and mechanisms of EZH2, its crucial contribution to targeted drug therapy, and its association with cancer markers and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Furthermore, we aim to unravel its potential as a therapeutic strategy for oral squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Cheng
- Xiangya Stomatological Hospital and Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health & Academician, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Zhengzheng Song
- Xiangya Stomatological Hospital and Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health & Academician, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaodan Fang
- Xiangya Stomatological Hospital and Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health & Academician, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
| | - Zhangui Tang
- Xiangya Stomatological Hospital and Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health & Academician, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
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12
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Francois AK, Rohani A, Loftus M, Dochnal S, Hrit J, McFarlane S, Whitford A, Lewis A, Krakowiak P, Boutell C, Rothbart SB, Kashatus D, Cliffe AR. Single-genome analysis reveals a heterogeneous association of the herpes simplex virus genome with H3K27me2 and the reader PHF20L1 following infection of human fibroblasts. mBio 2024; 15:e0327823. [PMID: 38411116 PMCID: PMC11005365 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03278-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The fate of herpesvirus genomes following entry into different cell types is thought to regulate the outcome of infection. For the Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), latent infection of neurons is characterized by association with repressive heterochromatin marked with Polycomb silencing-associated lysine 27 methylation on histone H3 (H3K27me). However, whether H3K27 methylation plays a role in repressing lytic gene expression in non-neuronal cells is unclear. To address this gap in knowledge, and with consideration that the fate of the viral genome and outcome of HSV-1 infection could be heterogeneous, we developed an assay to quantify the abundance of histone modifications within single viral genome foci of infected fibroblasts. Using this approach, combined with bulk epigenetic techniques, we were unable to detect any role for H3K27me3 during HSV-1 lytic infection of fibroblasts. By contrast, we could detect the lesser studied H3K27me2 on a subpopulation of viral genomes, which was consistent with a role for H3K27 demethylases in promoting lytic gene expression. In addition, viral genomes co-localized with the H3K27me2 reader protein PHF20L1, and this association was enhanced by inhibition of the H3K27 demethylases UTX and JMJD3. Notably, targeting of H3K27me2 to viral genomes was enhanced following infection with a transcriptionally defective virus in the absence of Promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies. Collectively, these studies implicate a role for H3K27me2 in fibroblast-associated HSV genome silencing in a manner dependent on genome sub-nuclear localization and transcriptional activity. IMPORTANCE Investigating the potential mechanisms of gene silencing for DNA viruses in different cell types is important to understand the differential outcomes of infection, particularly for viruses like herpesviruses that can undergo distinct types of infection in different cell types. In addition, investigating chromatin association with viral genomes informs on the mechanisms of epigenetic regulation of DNA processes. However, there is a growing appreciation for heterogeneity in the outcome of infection at the single cell, and even single viral genome, level. Here we describe a novel assay for quantifying viral genome foci with chromatin proteins and show that a portion of genomes are targeted for silencing by H3K27me2 and associate with the reader protein PHF20L1. This study raises important questions regarding the mechanism of H3K27me2-specific targeting to viral genomes, the contribution of epigenetic heterogeneity to herpesvirus infection, and the role of PHF20L1 in regulating the outcome of DNA virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison K. Francois
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Ali Rohani
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Matt Loftus
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Sara Dochnal
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Joel Hrit
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, USA
| | - Steven McFarlane
- MRC - University of Glasgow, Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Abigail Whitford
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Anna Lewis
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Patryk Krakowiak
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Chris Boutell
- MRC - University of Glasgow, Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - David Kashatus
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Anna R. Cliffe
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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13
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Zhao J, Lan J, Wang M, Liu C, Fang Z, Song A, Zhang T, Wang L, Zhu B, Chen P, Yu J, Li G. H2AK119ub1 differentially fine-tunes gene expression by modulating canonical PRC1- and H1-dependent chromatin compaction. Mol Cell 2024; 84:1191-1205.e7. [PMID: 38458202 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2024.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) is a key transcriptional regulator in development via modulating chromatin structure and catalyzing histone H2A ubiquitination at Lys119 (H2AK119ub1). H2AK119ub1 is one of the most abundant histone modifications in mammalian cells. However, the function of H2AK119ub1 in polycomb-mediated gene silencing remains debated. In this study, we reveal that H2AK119ub1 has two distinct roles in gene expression, through differentially modulating chromatin compaction mediated by canonical PRC1 and the linker histone H1. Interestingly, we find that H2AK119ub1 plays a positive role in transcription through interfering with the binding of canonical PRC1 to nucleosomes and therefore counteracting chromatin condensation. Conversely, we demonstrate that H2AK119ub1 facilitates H1-dependent chromatin condensation and enhances the silencing of developmental genes in mouse embryonic stem cells, suggesting that H1 may be one of several possible pathways for H2AK119ub1 in repressing transcription. These results provide insights and molecular mechanisms by which H2AK119ub1 differentially fine-tunes developmental gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jicheng Zhao
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jie Lan
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Min Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Cuifang Liu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zheng Fang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Aoqun Song
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structure Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Bing Zhu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ping Chen
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Juan Yu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Guohong Li
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
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14
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Hwang DW, Maekiniemi A, Singer RH, Sato H. Real-time single-molecule imaging of transcriptional regulatory networks in living cells. Nat Rev Genet 2024; 25:272-285. [PMID: 38195868 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-023-00684-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Gene regulatory networks drive the specific transcriptional programmes responsible for the diversification of cell types during the development of multicellular organisms. Although our knowledge of the genes involved in these dynamic networks has expanded rapidly, our understanding of how transcription is spatiotemporally regulated at the molecular level over a wide range of timescales in the small volume of the nucleus remains limited. Over the past few decades, advances in the field of single-molecule fluorescence imaging have enabled real-time behaviours of individual transcriptional components to be measured in living cells and organisms. These efforts are now shedding light on the dynamic mechanisms of transcription, revealing not only the temporal rules but also the spatial coordination of underlying molecular interactions during various biological events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Woo Hwang
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anna Maekiniemi
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert H Singer
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hanae Sato
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-Nano LSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Japan.
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15
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Zhang Z, Liang C, Ren Y, Lv Z, Huang J. Interaction of ubiquitin-like protein SILENCING DEFECTIVE 2 with LIKE HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN 1 is required for regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana in response to sucrose. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024. [PMID: 38558017 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The regulatory mechanisms of anthocyanin biosynthesis have been well documented at the transcriptional and translational levels. By contrast, how anthocyanin biosynthesis is epigenetically regulated remains largely unknown. In this study, we employed genetic, molecular biology, and chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays to identify a regulatory module essential for repressing the expression of genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis through chromatin remodeling. We found that SILENCING DEFECTIVE 2 (SDE2), which was previously identified as a negative regulator for sucrose-induced anthocyanin accumulation in Arabidopsis, is cleaved into N-terminal SDE2-UBL and C-terminal SDE2-C fragments at the first diglycine motif, and the cleaved SDE2-C, which can fully complement the sde2 mutant, is localized in the nucleus and physically interacts with LIKE HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN 1 (LHP1) in vitro and in vivo. Genetic analyses showed that both SDE2 and LHP1 act as negative factors for anthocyanin biosynthesis. Consistently, immunoblot analysis revealed that the level of LHP1-bound histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) significantly decreases in sde2 and lhp1 mutants, compared to wild-type (WT). In addition, we found that sugar can induce expression of SDE2 and LHP1, and enhance the level of the nucleus-localized SDE2-C. Taken together, our data suggest that the SDE2-C-LHP1 module is required for repression of gene expression through H3K27me3 modification during sugar-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyi Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Chengcheng Liang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Yulong Ren
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Zhaojun Lv
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Jirong Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
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16
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Hananya N, Koren S, Muir TW. Interrogating epigenetic mechanisms with chemically customized chromatin. Nat Rev Genet 2024; 25:255-271. [PMID: 37985791 PMCID: PMC11176933 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-023-00664-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Genetic and genomic techniques have proven incredibly powerful for identifying and studying molecular players implicated in the epigenetic regulation of DNA-templated processes such as transcription. However, achieving a mechanistic understanding of how these molecules interact with chromatin to elicit a functional output is non-trivial, owing to the tremendous complexity of the biochemical networks involved. Advances in protein engineering have enabled the reconstitution of 'designer' chromatin containing customized post-translational modification patterns, which, when used in conjunction with sophisticated biochemical and biophysical methods, allow many mechanistic questions to be addressed. In this Review, we discuss how such tools complement established 'omics' techniques to answer fundamental questions on chromatin regulation, focusing on chromatin mark establishment and protein-chromatin interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nir Hananya
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Shany Koren
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Tom W Muir
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
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17
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Ryan CW, Peirent ER, Regan SL, Guxholli A, Bielas SL. H2A monoubiquitination: insights from human genetics and animal models. Hum Genet 2024; 143:511-527. [PMID: 37086328 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-023-02557-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Metazoan development arises from spatiotemporal control of gene expression, which depends on epigenetic regulators like the polycomb group proteins (PcG) that govern the chromatin landscape. PcG proteins facilitate the addition and removal of histone 2A monoubiquitination at lysine 119 (H2AK119ub1), which regulates gene expression, cell fate decisions, cell cycle progression, and DNA damage repair. Regulation of these processes by PcG proteins is necessary for proper development, as pathogenic variants in these genes are increasingly recognized to underly developmental disorders. Overlapping features of developmental syndromes associated with pathogenic variants in specific PcG genes suggest disruption of central developmental mechanisms; however, unique clinical features observed in each syndrome suggest additional non-redundant functions for each PcG gene. In this review, we describe the clinical manifestations of pathogenic PcG gene variants, review what is known about the molecular functions of these gene products during development, and interpret the clinical data to summarize the current evidence toward an understanding of the genetic and molecular mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles W Ryan
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5618, USA
- Medical Science Training Program, University of Michigan Medical School, 3703 Med Sci II, 1241 E. Catherine St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5618, USA
| | - Emily R Peirent
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5618, USA
| | - Samantha L Regan
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, 3703 Med Sci II, 1241 E. Catherine St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5618, USA
| | - Alba Guxholli
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, 3703 Med Sci II, 1241 E. Catherine St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5618, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48199-5618, USA
| | - Stephanie L Bielas
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5618, USA.
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5618, USA.
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, 3703 Med Sci II, 1241 E. Catherine St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5618, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48199-5618, USA.
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18
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Hu M, Yeh YH, Maezawa S, Nakagawa T, Yoshida S, Namekawa S. PRC1 directs PRC2-H3K27me3 deposition to shield adult spermatogonial stem cells from differentiation. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:2306-2322. [PMID: 38142439 PMCID: PMC10954450 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad1203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Spermatogonial stem cells functionality reside in the slow-cycling and heterogeneous undifferentiated spermatogonia cell population. This pool of cells supports lifelong fertility in adult males by balancing self-renewal and differentiation to produce haploid gametes. However, the molecular mechanisms underpinning long-term stemness of undifferentiated spermatogonia during adulthood remain unclear. Here, we discover that an epigenetic regulator, Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1), shields adult undifferentiated spermatogonia from differentiation, maintains slow cycling, and directs commitment to differentiation during steady-state spermatogenesis in adults. We show that PRC2-mediated H3K27me3 is an epigenetic hallmark of adult undifferentiated spermatogonia. Indeed, spermatogonial differentiation is accompanied by a global loss of H3K27me3. Disruption of PRC1 impairs global H3K27me3 deposition, leading to precocious spermatogonial differentiation. Therefore, PRC1 directs PRC2-H3K27me3 deposition to maintain the self-renewing state of undifferentiated spermatogonia. Importantly, in contrast to its role in other tissue stem cells, PRC1 negatively regulates the cell cycle to maintain slow cycling of undifferentiated spermatogonia. Our findings have implications for how epigenetic regulators can be tuned to regulate the stem cell potential, cell cycle and differentiation to ensure lifelong fertility in adult males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengwen Hu
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Division of Developmental Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Yu-Han Yeh
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Division of Developmental Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - So Maezawa
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Division of Developmental Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 281-8510, Japan
| | - Toshinori Nakagawa
- Division of Germ Cell Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
- Course for Basic Biology, The Graduate Institute for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Shosei Yoshida
- Division of Germ Cell Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
- Course for Basic Biology, The Graduate Institute for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Satoshi H Namekawa
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Division of Developmental Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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19
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Li Y, Mo Y, Chen C, He J, Guo Z. Research advances of polycomb group proteins in regulating mammalian development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1383200. [PMID: 38505258 PMCID: PMC10950033 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1383200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Polycomb group (PcG) proteins are a subset of epigenetic factors that are highly conserved throughout evolution. In mammals, PcG proteins can be classified into two muti-proteins complexes: Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) and PRC2. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that PcG complexes play critical roles in the regulation of gene expression, genomic imprinting, chromosome X-inactivation, and chromatin structure. Accordingly, the dysfunction of PcG proteins is tightly orchestrated with abnormal developmental processes. Here, we summarized and discussed the current knowledge of the biochemical and molecular functions of PcG complexes, especially the PRC1 and PRC2 in mammalian development including embryonic development and tissue development, which will shed further light on the deep understanding of the basic knowledge of PcGs and their functions for reproductive health and developmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jin He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhiheng Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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20
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de Groot AP, de Haan G. How CBX proteins regulate normal and leukemic blood cells. FEBS Lett 2024. [PMID: 38426219 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) fate decisions are dictated by epigenetic landscapes. The Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 (PRC1) represses genes that induce differentiation, thereby maintaining HSC self-renewal. Depending on which chromobox (CBX) protein (CBX2, CBX4, CBX6, CBX7, or CBX8) is part of the PRC1 complex, HSC fate decisions differ. Here, we review how this occurs. We describe how CBX proteins dictate age-related changes in HSCs and stimulate oncogenic HSC fate decisions, either as canonical PRC1 members or by alternative interactions, including non-epigenetic regulation. CBX2, CBX7, and CBX8 enhance leukemia progression. To target, reprogram, and kill leukemic cells, we suggest and describe multiple therapeutic strategies to interfere with the epigenetic functions of oncogenic CBX proteins. Future studies should clarify to what extent the non-epigenetic function of cytoplasmic CBX proteins is important for normal, aged, and leukemic blood cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne P de Groot
- European Research Institute for Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), The Netherlands
- Sanquin Research, Landsteiner Laboratory, Sanquin Blood Supply, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerald de Haan
- European Research Institute for Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), The Netherlands
- Sanquin Research, Landsteiner Laboratory, Sanquin Blood Supply, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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21
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Ito S, Umehara T, Koseki H. Polycomb-mediated histone modifications and gene regulation. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:151-161. [PMID: 38288743 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Polycomb repressive complexes 1 and 2 (PRC1 and PRC2) are transcriptional repressor complexes that play a fundamental role in epigenomic regulation and the cell-fate decision; these complexes are widely conserved in multicellular organisms. PRC1 is an E3 ubiquitin (ub) ligase that generates histone H2A ubiquitinated at lysine (K) 119 (H2AK119ub1), whereas PRC2 is a histone methyltransferase that specifically catalyzes tri-methylation of histone H3K27 (H3K27me3). Genome-wide analyses have confirmed that these two key epigenetic marks highly overlap across the genome and contribute to gene repression. We are now beginning to understand the molecular mechanisms that enable PRC1 and PRC2 to identify their target sites in the genome and communicate through feedback mechanisms to create Polycomb chromatin domains. Recently, it has become apparent that PRC1-induced H2AK119ub1 not only serves as a docking site for PRC2 but also affects the dynamics of the H3 tail, both of which enhance PRC2 activity, suggesting that trans-tail communication between H2A and H3 facilitates the formation of the Polycomb chromatin domain. In this review, we discuss the emerging principles that define how PRC1 and PRC2 establish the Polycomb chromatin domain and regulate gene expression in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Ito
- Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Takashi Umehara
- Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- Laboratory for Epigenetics Drug Discovery, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Koseki
- Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
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22
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Wijdeven RH, Luk SJ, Schoufour TAW, van der Zanden SY, Cabezuelo M, Heemskerk MHM, Neefjes J. Balanced Epigenetic Regulation of MHC Class I Expression in Tumor Cells by the Histone Ubiquitin Modifiers BAP1 and PCGF1. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:446-454. [PMID: 38088808 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
MHC class I (MHC-I) molecules are critical for CD8+ T cell responses to viral infections and malignant cells, and tumors can downregulate MHC-I expression to promote immune evasion. In this study, using a genome-wide CRISPR screen on a human melanoma cell line, we identified the polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) subunit PCGF1 and the deubiquitinating enzyme BAP1 as opposite regulators of MHC-I transcription. PCGF1 facilitates deposition of ubiquitin at H2AK119 at the MHC-I promoters to silence MHC-I, whereas BAP1 removes this modification to restore MHC-I expression. PCGF1 is widely expressed in tumors and its depletion increased MHC-I expression in multiple tumor lines, including MHC-Ilow tumors. In cells characterized by poor MHC-I expression, PRC1 and PRC2 act in parallel to impinge low transcription. However, PCGF1 depletion was sufficient to increase MHC-I expression and restore T cell-mediated killing of the tumor cells. Taken together, our data provide an additional layer of regulation of MHC-I expression in tumors: epigenetic silencing by PRC1 subunit PCGF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruud H Wijdeven
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sietse J Luk
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Tom A W Schoufour
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sabina Y van der Zanden
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marta Cabezuelo
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Mirjam H M Heemskerk
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jacques Neefjes
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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23
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Shen X, Chen C, Wang Y, Zheng W, Zheng J, Jones AE, Zhu B, Zhang H, Lyons C, Rijal A, Moley JA, Cao G, Liu K, Winn R, Dickinson A, Zhang K, Wang H. Role of histone variants H2BC1 and H2AZ.2 in H2AK119ub nucleosome organization and Polycomb gene silencing. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.16.575234. [PMID: 38293106 PMCID: PMC10827191 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.16.575234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Ubiquitination of histone H2A at lysine 119 residue (H2AK119ub) plays critical roles in a wide range of physiological processes, including Polycomb gene silencing 1,2 , replication 3-5 , DNA damage repair 6-10 , X inactivation 11,12 , and heterochromatin organization 13,14 . However, the underlying mechanism and structural basis of H2AK119ub remains largely elusive. In this study, we report that H2AK119ub nucleosomes have a unique composition, containing histone variants H2BC1 and H2AZ.2, and importantly, this composition is required for H2AK119ub and Polycomb gene silencing. Using the UAB domain of RSF1, we purified H2AK119ub nucleosomes to a sufficient amount and purity. Mass spectrometry analyses revealed that H2AK119ub nucleosomes contain the histone variants H2BC1 and H2AZ.2. A cryo-EM study resolved the structure of native H2AK119ub nucleosomes to a 2.6A resolution, confirming H2BC1 in one subgroup of H2AK119ub nucleosomes. Tandem GST-UAB pulldown, Flag-H2AZ.2, and HA-H2BC1 immunoprecipitation revealed that H2AK119ub nucleosomes could be separated into distinct subgroups, suggesting their composition heterogeneity and potential dynamic organization. Knockout or knockdown of H2BC1 or H2AZ.2 reduced cellular H2AK119ub levels, establishing H2BC1 and H2AZ.2 as critical determinants of H2AK119ub. Furthermore, genomic binding profiles of H2BC1 and H2AZ.2 overlapped significantly with H2AK119ub binding, with the most significant overlapping in the gene body and intergenic regions. Finally, assays in developing embryos reveal an interaction of H2AZ.2, H2BC1, and RING1A in vivo . Thus, this study revealed, for the first time, that the H2AK119ub nucleosome has a unique composition, and this composition is required for H2AK119ub and Polycomb gene silencing.
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24
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Francois AK, Rohani A, Loftus M, Dochnal S, Hrit J, McFarlane S, Whitford A, Lewis A, Krakowiak P, Boutell C, Rothbart SB, Kashatus D, Cliffe AR. Single-genome analysis reveals heterogeneous association of the Herpes Simplex Virus genome with H3K27me2 and the reader PHF20L1 following infection of human fibroblasts. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.03.569766. [PMID: 38076966 PMCID: PMC10705572 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.03.569766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The fate of herpesvirus genomes following entry into different cell types is thought to regulate the outcome of infection. For the Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), latent infection of neurons is characterized by association with repressive heterochromatin marked with Polycomb silencing-associated lysine 27 methylation on histone H3 (H3K27me). However, whether H3K27 methylation plays a role in repressing lytic gene expression in non-neuronal cells is unclear. To address this gap in knowledge, and with consideration that the fate of the viral genome and outcome of HSV-1 infection could be heterogeneous, we developed an assay to quantify the abundance of histone modifications within single viral genome foci of infected fibroblasts. Using this approach, combined with bulk epigenetic techniques, we were unable to detect any role for H3K27me3 during HSV-1 lytic infection of fibroblasts. In contrast, we could detect the lesser studied H3K27me2 on a subpopulation of viral genomes, which was consistent with a role for H3K27 demethylases in promoting lytic gene expression. This was consistent with a role for H3K27 demethylases in promoting lytic gene expression. In addition, viral genomes co-localized with the H3K27me2 reader protein PHF20L1, and this association was enhanced by inhibition of the H3K27 demethylases UTX and JMJD3. Notably, targeting of H3K27me2 to viral genomes was enhanced following infection with a transcriptionally defective virus in the absence of Promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies. Collectively, these studies implicate a role for H3K27me2 in fibroblast-associated HSV genome silencing in a manner dependent on genome sub-nuclear localization and transcriptional activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison K Francois
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908
| | - Ali Rohani
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908
| | - Matt Loftus
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908
| | - Sara Dochnal
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908
| | - Joel Hrit
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503
| | - Steven McFarlane
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Abigail Whitford
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908
| | - Anna Lewis
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908
| | - Patryk Krakowiak
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908
| | - Chris Boutell
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Scott B. Rothbart
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503
| | - David Kashatus
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908
| | - Anna R Cliffe
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908
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25
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Wang Y, Li Q, Zhang J, Liu P, Zheng H, Chen L, Wang Z, Tan C, Zhang M, Zhang H, Miao W, Wang Y, Xuan X, Yi G, Wang P. Ring1a protects against colitis through regulating mucosal immune system and colonic microbial ecology. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2251646. [PMID: 37655448 PMCID: PMC10478745 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2251646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) represents a prominent chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disorder, yet its etiology remains poorly comprehended, encompassing intricate interactions between genetics, immunity, and the gut microbiome. This study uncovers a novel colitis-associated risk gene, namely Ring1a, which regulates the mucosal immune response and intestinal microbiota. Ring1a deficiency exacerbates colitis by impairing the immune system. Concomitantly, Ring1a deficiency led to a Prevotella genus-dominated pathogenic microenvironment, which can be horizontally transmitted to co-housed wild type (WT) mice, consequently intensifying dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. Furthermore, we identified a potential mechanism linking the altered microbiota in Ring1aKO mice to decreased levels of IgA, and we demonstrated that metronidazole administration could ameliorate colitis progression in Ring1aKO mice, likely by reducing the abundance of the Prevotella genus. We also elucidated the immune landscape of DSS colitis and revealed the disruption of intestinal immune homeostasis associated with Ring1a deficiency. Collectively, these findings highlight Ring1a as a prospective candidate risk gene for colitis and suggest metronidazole as a potential therapeutic option for clinically managing Prevotella genus-dominated colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashu Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Infection, Inflammation and Immunity Center, the Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qianru Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Infection, Inflammation and Immunity Center, the Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- Lab of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Pingping Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Infection, Inflammation and Immunity Center, the Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huaixin Zheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Infection, Inflammation and Immunity Center, the Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Chen
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics of MARA, Kunpeng Institute of Modern Agriculture at Foshan, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics of MARA, Kunpeng Institute of Modern Agriculture at Foshan, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chen Tan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Infection, Inflammation and Immunity Center, the Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Infection, Inflammation and Immunity Center, the Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Infection, Inflammation and Immunity Center, the Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenqing Miao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Infection, Inflammation and Immunity Center, the Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuke Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Infection, Inflammation and Immunity Center, the Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xuan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Infection, Inflammation and Immunity Center, the Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guoqiang Yi
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics of MARA, Kunpeng Institute of Modern Agriculture at Foshan, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Infection, Inflammation and Immunity Center, the Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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26
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Keniry A, Blewitt ME. Chromatin-mediated silencing on the inactive X chromosome. Development 2023; 150:dev201742. [PMID: 37991053 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
In mammals, the second X chromosome in females is silenced to enable dosage compensation between XX females and XY males. This essential process involves the formation of a dense chromatin state on the inactive X (Xi) chromosome. There is a wealth of information about the hallmarks of Xi chromatin and the contribution each makes to silencing, leaving the tantalising possibility of learning from this knowledge to potentially remove silencing to treat X-linked diseases in females. Here, we discuss the role of each chromatin feature in the establishment and maintenance of the silent state, which is of crucial relevance for such a goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Keniry
- Epigenetics and Development Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- The Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Marnie E Blewitt
- Epigenetics and Development Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- The Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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27
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de Potter B, Raas MWD, Seidl MF, Verrijzer CP, Snel B. Uncoupled evolution of the Polycomb system and deep origin of non-canonical PRC1. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1144. [PMID: 37949928 PMCID: PMC10638273 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05501-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycomb group proteins, as part of the Polycomb repressive complexes, are essential in gene repression through chromatin compaction by canonical PRC1, mono-ubiquitylation of histone H2A by non-canonical PRC1 and tri-methylation of histone H3K27 by PRC2. Despite prevalent models emphasizing tight functional coupling between PRC1 and PRC2, it remains unclear whether this paradigm indeed reflects the evolution and functioning of these complexes. Here, we conduct a comprehensive analysis of the presence or absence of cPRC1, nPRC1 and PRC2 across the entire eukaryotic tree of life, and find that both complexes were present in the Last Eukaryotic Common Ancestor (LECA). Strikingly, ~42% of organisms contain only PRC1 or PRC2, showing that their evolution since LECA is largely uncoupled. The identification of ncPRC1-defining subunits in unicellular relatives of animals and fungi suggests ncPRC1 originated before cPRC1, and we propose a scenario for the evolution of cPRC1 from ncPRC1. Together, our results suggest that crosstalk between these complexes is a secondary development in evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastiaan de Potter
- Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Hubrecht institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Maximilian W D Raas
- Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Hubrecht institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Michael F Seidl
- Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - C Peter Verrijzer
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Berend Snel
- Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.
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28
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Burdett H, Foglizzo M, Musgrove LJ, Kumar D, Clifford G, Campbell L, Heath GR, Zeqiraj E, Wilson M. BRCA1-BARD1 combines multiple chromatin recognition modules to bridge nascent nucleosomes. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:11080-11103. [PMID: 37823591 PMCID: PMC10639053 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromatin association of the BRCA1-BARD1 heterodimer is critical to promote homologous recombination repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in S/G2. How the BRCA1-BARD1 complex interacts with chromatin that contains both damage induced histone H2A ubiquitin and inhibitory H4K20 methylation is not fully understood. We characterised BRCA1-BARD1 binding and enzymatic activity to an array of mono- and di-nucleosome substrates using biochemical, structural and single molecule imaging approaches. We found that the BRCA1-BARD1 complex preferentially interacts and modifies di-nucleosomes over mono-nucleosomes, allowing integration of H2A Lys-15 ubiquitylation signals with other chromatin modifications and features. Using high speed- atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM) to monitor how the BRCA1-BARD1 complex recognises chromatin in real time, we saw a highly dynamic complex that bridges two nucleosomes and associates with the DNA linker region. Bridging is aided by multivalent cross-nucleosome interactions that enhance BRCA1-BARD1 E3 ubiquitin ligase catalytic activity. Multivalent interactions across nucleosomes explain how BRCA1-BARD1 can recognise chromatin that retains partial di-methylation at H4 Lys-20 (H4K20me2), a parental histone mark that blocks BRCA1-BARD1 interaction with nucleosomes, to promote its enzymatic and DNA repair activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayden Burdett
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Michael Swann Building, Kings Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK
| | - Martina Foglizzo
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Laura J Musgrove
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Dhananjay Kumar
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Michael Swann Building, Kings Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK
| | - Gillian Clifford
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Michael Swann Building, Kings Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK
| | - Lisa J Campbell
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - George R Heath
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Physics & Astronomy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Engineering & Physical Sciences and Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Elton Zeqiraj
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Marcus D Wilson
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Michael Swann Building, Kings Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK
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29
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Liu Y, Hu G, Yang S, Yao M, Liu Z, Yan C, Wen Y, Ping W, Wang J, Song Y, Dong X, Pan G, Yao H. Functional dissection of PRC1 subunits RYBP and YAF2 during neural differentiation of embryonic stem cells. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7164. [PMID: 37935677 PMCID: PMC10630410 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42507-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) comprises two different complexes: CBX-containing canonical PRC1 (cPRC1) and RYBP/YAF2-containing variant PRC1 (vPRC1). RYBP-vPRC1 or YAF2-vPRC1 catalyzes H2AK119ub through a positive-feedback model; however, whether RYBP and YAF2 have different regulatory functions is still unclear. Here, we show that the expression of RYBP and YAF2 decreases and increases, respectively, during neural differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Rybp knockout impairs neural differentiation by activating Wnt signaling and derepressing nonneuroectoderm-associated genes. However, Yaf2 knockout promotes neural differentiation and leads to redistribution of RYBP binding, increases enrichment of RYBP and H2AK119ub on the RYBP-YAF2 cotargeted genes, and prevents ectopic derepression of nonneuroectoderm-associated genes in neural-differentiated cells. Taken together, this study reveals that RYBP and YAF2 function differentially in regulating mESC neural differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Basic Research, Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gongcheng Hu
- Department of Basic Research, Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengxiong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Basic Research, Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingze Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zicong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenghong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yulin Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Basic Research, Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wangfang Ping
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juehan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Basic Research, Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yawei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaotao Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangjin Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongjie Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Department of Basic Research, Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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30
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Hamali B, Amine AAA, Al-Sady B. Regulation of the heterochromatin spreading reaction by trans-acting factors. Open Biol 2023; 13:230271. [PMID: 37935357 PMCID: PMC10645111 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.230271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterochromatin is a gene-repressive protein-nucleic acid ultrastructure that is initially nucleated by DNA sequences. However, following nucleation, heterochromatin can then propagate along the chromatin template in a sequence-independent manner in a reaction termed spreading. At the heart of this process are enzymes that deposit chemical information on chromatin, which attracts the factors that execute chromatin compaction and transcriptional or co/post-transcriptional gene silencing. Given that these enzymes deposit guiding chemical information on chromatin they are commonly termed 'writers'. While the processes of nucleation and central actions of writers have been extensively studied and reviewed, less is understood about how the spreading process is regulated. We discuss how the chromatin substrate is prepared for heterochromatic spreading, and how trans-acting factors beyond writer enzymes regulate it. We examine mechanisms by which trans-acting factors in Suv39, PRC2, SETDB1 and SIR writer systems regulate spreading of the respective heterochromatic marks across chromatin. While these systems are in some cases evolutionarily and mechanistically quite distant, common mechanisms emerge which these trans-acting factors exploit to tune the spreading reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bulut Hamali
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- The G. W. Hooper Foundation, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ahmed A A Amine
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- The G. W. Hooper Foundation, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Bassem Al-Sady
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- The G. W. Hooper Foundation, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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31
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Boers R, Boers J, Tan B, van Leeuwen ME, Wassenaar E, Sanchez EG, Sleddens E, Tenhagen Y, Mulugeta E, Laven J, Creyghton M, Baarends W, van IJcken WFJ, Gribnau J. Retrospective analysis of enhancer activity and transcriptome history. Nat Biotechnol 2023; 41:1582-1592. [PMID: 36823354 PMCID: PMC10635829 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-023-01683-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Cell state changes in development and disease are controlled by gene regulatory networks, the dynamics of which are difficult to track in real time. In this study, we used an inducible DCM-RNA polymerase subunit b fusion protein which labels active genes and enhancers with a bacterial methylation mark that does not affect gene transcription and is propagated in S-phase. This DCM-RNA polymerase fusion protein enables transcribed genes and active enhancers to be tagged and then examined at later stages of development or differentiation. We apply this DCM-time machine (DCM-TM) technology to study intestinal homeostasis, revealing rapid and coordinated activation of enhancers and nearby genes during enterocyte differentiation. We provide new insights in absorptive-secretory lineage decision-making in intestinal stem cell (ISC) differentiation and show that ISCs retain a unique chromatin landscape required to maintain ISC identity and delineate future expression of differentiation-associated genes. DCM-TM has wide applicability in tracking cell states, providing new insights in the regulatory networks underlying cell state changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Boers
- Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joachim Boers
- Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Beatrice Tan
- Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marieke E van Leeuwen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Evelyne Wassenaar
- Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Erlantz Gonzalez Sanchez
- Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Esther Sleddens
- Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Yasha Tenhagen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Eskeatnaf Mulugeta
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joop Laven
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Menno Creyghton
- Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Willy Baarends
- Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wilfred F J van IJcken
- Erasmus Center for Biomics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joost Gribnau
- Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
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32
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Boston AM, Dwead AM, Al-Mathkour MM, Khazaw K, Zou J, Zhang Q, Wang G, Cinar B. Discordant interactions between YAP1 and polycomb group protein SCML2 determine cell fate. iScience 2023; 26:107964. [PMID: 37810219 PMCID: PMC10558808 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The Polycomb group protein SCML2 and the transcriptional cofactor YAP1 regulate diverse cellular biology, including stem cell maintenance, developmental processes, and gene regulation in mammals and flies. However, their molecular and functional interactions are unknown. Here, we show that SCML2 interacts with YAP1, as revealed by immunological assays and mass spectroscopy. We have demonstrated that the steroid hormone androgen regulates the interaction of SCML2 with YAP1 in human tumor cell models. Our proximity ligation assay and GST pulldown showed that SCML2 and YAP1 physically interacted with each other. Silencing SCML2 by RNAi changed the growth behaviors of cells in response to androgen signaling. Mechanistically, this phenomenon is attributed to the interplay between distinct chromatin modifications and transcriptional programs, likely coordinated by the opposing SCML2 and YAP1 activity. These findings suggest that YAP1 and SCML2 cooperate to regulate cell growth, cell survival, and tumor biology downstream of steroid hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava M Boston
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Abdulrahman M Dwead
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Marwah M Al-Mathkour
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kezhan Khazaw
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jin Zou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Guangdi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Bekir Cinar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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33
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Ong ALC, Kokaji T, Kishi A, Takihara Y, Shinozuka T, Shimamoto R, Isotani A, Shirai M, Sasai N. Acquisition of neural fate by combination of BMP blockade and chromatin modification. iScience 2023; 26:107887. [PMID: 37771660 PMCID: PMC10522999 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural induction is a process where naive cells are converted into committed cells with neural characteristics, and it occurs at the earliest step during embryogenesis. Although the signaling molecules and chromatin remodeling for neural induction have been identified, the mutual relationships between these molecules are yet to be fully understood. By taking advantage of the neural differentiation system of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells, we discovered that the BMP signal regulates the expression of several polycomb repressor complex (PRC) component genes. We particularly focused on Polyhomeotic Homolog 1 (Phc1) and established Phc1-knockout (Phc1-KO) ES cells. We found that Phc1-KO failed to acquire the neural fate, and the cells remained in pluripotent or primitive non-neural states. Chromatin accessibility analysis suggests that Phc1 is essential for chromatin packing. Aberrant upregulation of the BMP signal was confirmed in the Phc1 homozygotic mutant embryos. Taken together, Phc1 is required for neural differentiation through epigenetic modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Lee Chen Ong
- Division of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Toshiya Kokaji
- Data-driven biology, NAIST Data Science Center, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Arisa Kishi
- Division of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Takihara
- Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-0037, Japan
| | - Takuma Shinozuka
- Division of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Ren Shimamoto
- Division of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Ayako Isotani
- Division of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Manabu Shirai
- Omics Research Center (ORC), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 6-1 Kishibe Shinmachi, Suita, Osaka 564-8565, Japan
| | - Noriaki Sasai
- Division of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
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34
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Zhang B, Zhao C, Shen W, Li W, Zheng Y, Kong X, Wang J, Wu X, Zeng T, Liu Y, Zhou Y. KDM2B regulates hippocampal morphogenesis by transcriptionally silencing Wnt signaling in neural progenitors. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6489. [PMID: 37838801 PMCID: PMC10576813 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42322-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus plays major roles in learning and memory, and its formation requires precise coordination of patterning, cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration. Here we removed the chromatin-association capability of KDM2B in the progenitors of developing dorsal telencephalon (Kdm2b∆CxxC) to discover that Kdm2b∆CxxC hippocampus, particularly the dentate gyrus, became drastically smaller with disorganized cellular components and structure. Kdm2b∆CxxC mice display prominent defects in spatial memory, motor learning and fear conditioning, resembling patients with KDM2B mutations. The migration and differentiation of neural progenitor cells is greatly impeded in the developing Kdm2b∆CxxC hippocampus. Mechanism studies reveal that Wnt signaling genes in developing Kdm2b∆CxxC hippocampi are de-repressed due to reduced enrichment of repressive histone marks by polycomb repressive complexes. Activating the Wnt signaling disturbs hippocampal neurogenesis, recapitulating the effect of KDM2B loss. Together, we unveil a previously unappreciated gene repressive program mediated by KDM2B that controls progressive fate specifications and cell migration, hence morphogenesis of the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenchen Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangfei Kong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Junbao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xudong Wu
- Department of Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Zeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China.
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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35
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Putra BP, Ito K, Cirillo C, Sunardi M, Koseki H, Uesaka T, Enomoto H. Pcgf1 gene disruption reveals primary involvement of epigenetic mechanism in neuronal subtype specification in the enteric nervous system. Dev Growth Differ 2023; 65:461-469. [PMID: 37452641 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The enteric nervous system (ENS) regulates gut functions independently from the central nervous system (CNS) by its highly autonomic neural circuit that integrates diverse neuronal subtypes. Although several transcription factors are shown to be necessary for the generation of some enteric neuron subtypes, the mechanisms underlying neuronal subtype specification in the ENS remain elusive. In this study, we examined the biological function of Polycomb group RING finger protein 1 (PCGF1), one of the epigenetic modifiers, in the development and differentiation of the ENS by disrupting the Pcgf1 gene selectively in the autonomic-lineage cells. Although ENS precursor migration and enteric neurogenesis were largely unaffected, neuronal differentiation was impaired in the Pcgf1-deficient mice, with the numbers of neurons expressing somatostatin (Sst+ ) decreased in multiple gut regions. Notably, the decrease in Sst+ neurons was associated with the corresponding increase in calbindin+ neurons in the proximal colon. These findings suggest that neuronal subtype conversion may occur in the absence of PCGF1, and that epigenetic mechanism is primarily involved in specification of some enteric neuron subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayu Pratama Putra
- Division of Neural Differentiation and Regeneration, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ito
- Division of Neural Differentiation and Regeneration, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Carla Cirillo
- Division of Neural Differentiation and Regeneration, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
- Toulouse NeuroImaging Center (ToNIC), Inserm, University of Toulouse-Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Mukhamad Sunardi
- Division of Neural Differentiation and Regeneration, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Koseki
- Laboratory for Developmental Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Uesaka
- Division of Neural Differentiation and Regeneration, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hideki Enomoto
- Division of Neural Differentiation and Regeneration, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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36
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Chai X, Tao Q, Li L. The role of RING finger proteins in chromatin remodeling and biological functions. Epigenomics 2023; 15:1053-1068. [PMID: 37964749 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2023-0234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian DNA duplexes are highly condensed with different components, including histones, enabling chromatin formation. Chromatin remodeling is involved in multiple biological processes, including gene transcription regulation and DNA damage repair. Recent research has highlighted the significant involvement of really interesting new gene (RING) finger proteins in chromatin remodeling, primarily attributed to their E3 ubiquitin ligase activities. In this review, we highlight the pivotal role of RING finger proteins in chromatin remodeling and provide an overview of their capacity to ubiquitinate specific histones, modulate ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes and interact with various histone post-translational modifications. We also discuss the diverse biological effects of RING finger protein-mediated chromatin remodeling and explore potential therapeutic strategies for targeting these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Chai
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir YK Pao Center for Cancer, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Qian Tao
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir YK Pao Center for Cancer, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Lili Li
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir YK Pao Center for Cancer, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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37
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Brown HE, Weasner BP, Weasner BM, Kumar JP. Polycomb safeguards imaginal disc specification through control of the Vestigial-Scalloped complex. Development 2023; 150:dev201872. [PMID: 37702007 PMCID: PMC10560572 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
A fundamental goal of developmental biology is to understand how cell and tissue fates are specified. The imaginal discs of Drosophila are excellent model systems for addressing this paradigm as their fate can be redirected when discs regenerate after injury or when key selector genes are misregulated. Here, we show that when Polycomb expression is reduced, the wing selector gene vestigial is ectopically activated. This leads to the inappropriate formation of the Vestigial-Scalloped complex, which forces the eye to transform into a wing. We further demonstrate that disrupting this complex does not simply block wing formation or restore eye development. Instead, immunohistochemistry and high-throughput genomic analysis show that the eye-antennal disc unexpectedly undergoes hyperplastic growth with multiple domains being organized into other imaginal discs and tissues. These findings provide insight into the complex developmental landscape that tissues must navigate before adopting their final fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley E. Brown
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | | | - Bonnie M. Weasner
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Justin P. Kumar
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
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38
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Möller M, Ridenour JB, Wright DF, Martin FA, Freitag M. H4K20me3 is important for Ash1-mediated H3K36me3 and transcriptional silencing in facultative heterochromatin in a fungal pathogen. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010945. [PMID: 37747878 PMCID: PMC10553808 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Facultative heterochromatin controls development and differentiation in many eukaryotes. In metazoans, plants, and many filamentous fungi, facultative heterochromatin is characterized by transcriptional repression and enrichment with nucleosomes that are trimethylated at histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3). While loss of H3K27me3 results in derepression of transcriptional gene silencing in many species, additional up- and downstream layers of regulation are necessary to mediate control of transcription in chromosome regions enriched with H3K27me3. Here, we investigated the effects of one histone mark on histone H4, namely H4K20me3, in the fungus Zymoseptoria tritici, a globally important pathogen of wheat. Deletion of kmt5, the gene encoding the sole methyltransferase responsible for H4K20 methylation, resulted in global derepression of transcription, especially in regions of facultative heterochromatin. Derepression in the absence of H4K20me3 not only affected known genes but also a large number of novel, previously undetected transcripts generated from regions of facultative heterochromatin on accessory chromosomes. Transcriptional activation in kmt5 deletion strains was accompanied by a complete loss of Ash1-mediated H3K36me3 and chromatin reorganization affecting H3K27me3 and H3K4me2 distribution in regions of facultative heterochromatin. Strains with H4K20L, M or Q mutations in the single histone H4 gene of Z. tritici recapitulated these chromatin changes, suggesting that H4K20me3 is important for Ash1-mediated H3K36me3. The ∆kmt5 mutants we obtained were more sensitive to genotoxic stressors than wild type and both, ∆kmt5 and ∆ash1, showed greatly increased rates of accessory chromosome loss. Taken together, our results provide insights into an unsuspected mechanism involved in the assembly and maintenance of facultative heterochromatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Möller
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - John B. Ridenour
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Devin F. Wright
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Faith A. Martin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Michael Freitag
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
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39
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Crump NT, Smith AL, Godfrey L, Dopico-Fernandez AM, Denny N, Harman JR, Hamley JC, Jackson NE, Chahrour C, Riva S, Rice S, Kim J, Basrur V, Fermin D, Elenitoba-Johnson K, Roeder RG, Allis CD, Roberts I, Roy A, Geng H, Davies JOJ, Milne TA. MLL-AF4 cooperates with PAF1 and FACT to drive high-density enhancer interactions in leukemia. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5208. [PMID: 37626123 PMCID: PMC10457349 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40981-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant enhancer activation is a key mechanism driving oncogene expression in many cancers. While much is known about the regulation of larger chromosome domains in eukaryotes, the details of enhancer-promoter interactions remain poorly understood. Recent work suggests co-activators like BRD4 and Mediator have little impact on enhancer-promoter interactions. In leukemias controlled by the MLL-AF4 fusion protein, we use the ultra-high resolution technique Micro-Capture-C (MCC) to show that MLL-AF4 binding promotes broad, high-density regions of enhancer-promoter interactions at a subset of key targets. These enhancers are enriched for transcription elongation factors like PAF1C and FACT, and the loss of these factors abolishes enhancer-promoter contact. This work not only provides an additional model for how MLL-AF4 is able to drive high levels of transcription at key genes in leukemia but also suggests a more general model linking enhancer-promoter crosstalk and transcription elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas T Crump
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK.
- Hugh and Josseline Langmuir Centre for Myeloma Research, Centre for Haematology, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Alastair L Smith
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Laura Godfrey
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Ana M Dopico-Fernandez
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Nicholas Denny
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Joe R Harman
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Joseph C Hamley
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Nicole E Jackson
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Catherine Chahrour
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Simone Riva
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Siobhan Rice
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Jaehoon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Venkatesha Basrur
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Damian Fermin
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kojo Elenitoba-Johnson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert G Roeder
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - C David Allis
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biology and Epigenetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Irene Roberts
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Anindita Roy
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Huimin Geng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - James O J Davies
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Thomas A Milne
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK.
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40
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Maezawa S, Yukawa M, Hasegawa K, Sugiyama R, Iizuka M, Hu M, Sakashita A, Vidal M, Koseki H, Barski A, DeFalco T, Namekawa SH. PRC1 suppresses a female gene regulatory network to ensure testicular differentiation. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:501. [PMID: 37542070 PMCID: PMC10403552 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05996-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Gonadal sex determination and differentiation are controlled by somatic support cells of testes (Sertoli cells) and ovaries (granulosa cells). In testes, the epigenetic mechanism that maintains chromatin states responsible for suppressing female sexual differentiation remains unclear. Here, we show that Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) suppresses a female gene regulatory network in postnatal Sertoli cells. We genetically disrupted PRC1 function in embryonic Sertoli cells after sex determination, and we found that PRC1-depleted postnatal Sertoli cells exhibited defective proliferation and cell death, leading to the degeneration of adult testes. In adult Sertoli cells, PRC1 suppressed specific genes required for granulosa cells, thereby inactivating the female gene regulatory network. Chromatin regions associated with female-specific genes were marked by Polycomb-mediated repressive modifications: PRC1-mediated H2AK119ub and PRC2-mediated H3K27me3. Taken together, this study identifies a critical Polycomb-based mechanism that suppresses ovarian differentiation and maintains Sertoli cell fate in adult testes.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Maezawa
- Reproductive Sciences Center, Division of Developmental Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan.
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan.
| | - Masashi Yukawa
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sha Tin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Kazuteru Hasegawa
- Reproductive Sciences Center, Division of Developmental Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Ryo Sugiyama
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Mizuho Iizuka
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Mengwen Hu
- Reproductive Sciences Center, Division of Developmental Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Akihiko Sakashita
- Reproductive Sciences Center, Division of Developmental Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Miguel Vidal
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Haruhiko Koseki
- Developmental Genetics Laboratory, RIKEN Center for Allergy and Immunology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Artem Barski
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Tony DeFalco
- Reproductive Sciences Center, Division of Developmental Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Satoshi H Namekawa
- Reproductive Sciences Center, Division of Developmental Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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Parast SM, Yu D, Chen C, Dickinson AJ, Chang C, Wang H. Recognition of H2AK119ub plays an important role in RSF1-regulated early Xenopus development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1168643. [PMID: 37529237 PMCID: PMC10389277 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1168643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycomb group (PcG) proteins are key regulators of gene expression and developmental programs via covalent modification of histones, but the factors that interpret histone modification marks to regulate embryogenesis are less studied. We previously identified Remodeling and Spacing Factor 1 (RSF1) as a reader of histone H2A lysine 119 ubiquitination (H2AK119ub), the histone mark deposited by Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 (PRC1). In the current study, we used Xenopus laevis as a model to investigate how RSF1 affects early embryonic development and whether recognition of H2AK119ub is important for the function of RSF1. We showed that knockdown of Xenopus RSF1, rsf1, not only induced gastrulation defects as reported previously, but specific targeted knockdown in prospective neural precursors induced neural and neural crest defects, with reductions of marker genes. In addition, similar to knockdown of PRC1 components in Xenopus, the anterior-posterior neural patterning was affected in rsf1 knockdown embryos. Binding of H2AK119ub appeared to be crucial for rsf1 function, as a construct with deletion of the UAB domain, which is required for RSF1 to recognize the H2AK119ub nucleosomes, failed to rescue rsf1 morphant embryos and was less effective in interfering with early Xenopus development when ectopically expressed. Furthermore, ectopic deposition of H2AK119ub on the Smad2 target gene gsc using a ring1a-smad2 fusion protein led to ectopic recruitment of RSF1. The fusion protein was inefficient in inducing mesodermal markers in the animal region or a secondary axis when expressed in the ventral tissues. Taken together, our results reveal that rsf1 modulates similar developmental processes in early Xenopus embryos as components of PRC1 do, and that RSF1 acts at least partially through binding to the H2AK119ub mark via the UAB domain during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Mohammad Parast
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Deli Yu
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Chunxu Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Amanda J. Dickinson
- Department of Biology, College of Humanities and Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Chenbei Chang
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Hengbin Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Care, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
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42
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Singh A, Rappolee DA, Ruden DM. Epigenetic Reprogramming in Mice and Humans: From Fertilization to Primordial Germ Cell Development. Cells 2023; 12:1874. [PMID: 37508536 PMCID: PMC10377882 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, advances in the understanding of epigenetic reprogramming from fertilization to the development of primordial germline cells in a mouse and human embryo are discussed. To gain insights into the molecular underpinnings of various diseases, it is essential to comprehend the intricate interplay between genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors during cellular reprogramming and embryonic differentiation. An increasing range of diseases, including cancer and developmental disorders, have been linked to alterations in DNA methylation and histone modifications. Global epigenetic reprogramming occurs in mammals at two stages: post-fertilization and during the development of primordial germ cells (PGC). Epigenetic reprogramming after fertilization involves rapid demethylation of the paternal genome mediated through active and passive DNA demethylation, and gradual demethylation in the maternal genome through passive DNA demethylation. The de novo DNA methyltransferase enzymes, Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b, restore DNA methylation beginning from the blastocyst stage until the formation of the gastrula, and DNA maintenance methyltransferase, Dnmt1, maintains methylation in the somatic cells. The PGC undergo a second round of global demethylation after allocation during the formative pluripotent stage before gastrulation, where the imprints and the methylation marks on the transposable elements known as retrotransposons, including long interspersed nuclear elements (LINE-1) and intracisternal A-particle (IAP) elements are demethylated as well. Finally, DNA methylation is restored in the PGC at the implantation stage including sex-specific imprints corresponding to the sex of the embryo. This review introduces a novel perspective by uncovering how toxicants and stress stimuli impact the critical period of allocation during formative pluripotency, potentially influencing both the quantity and quality of PGCs. Furthermore, the comprehensive comparison of epigenetic events between mice and humans breaks new ground, empowering researchers to make informed decisions regarding the suitability of mouse models for their experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Singh
- CS Mott Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (A.S.); (D.A.R.)
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Daniel A. Rappolee
- CS Mott Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (A.S.); (D.A.R.)
- Reproductive Stress Measurement, Mechanisms and Management, Corp., 135 Lake Shore Rd., Grosse Pointe Farms, MI 48236, USA
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Douglas M. Ruden
- CS Mott Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (A.S.); (D.A.R.)
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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43
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Tabe-Bordbar S, Sinha S. Integrative modeling of lncRNA-chromatin interaction maps reveals diverse mechanisms of nuclear retention. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:395. [PMID: 37442953 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09498-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many long non-coding RNAs, known to be involved in transcriptional regulation, are enriched in the nucleus and interact with chromatin. However, their mechanisms of chromatin interaction and the served cellular functions are poorly understood. We sought to characterize the mechanisms of lncRNA nuclear retention by systematically mapping the sequence and chromatin features that distinguish lncRNA-interacting genomic segments. RESULTS We found DNA 5-mer frequencies to be predictive of chromatin interactions for all lncRNAs, suggesting sequence-specificity as a global theme in the interactome. Sequence features representing protein-DNA and protein-RNA binding motifs revealed potential mechanisms for specific lncRNAs. Complementary to these global themes, transcription-related features and DNA-RNA triplex formation potential were noted to be highly predictive for two mutually exclusive sets of lncRNAs. DNA methylation was also noted to be a significant predictor, but only when combined with other epigenomic features. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our statistical findings suggest that a group of lncRNAs interacts with transcriptionally inactive chromatin through triplex formation, whereas another group interacts with transcriptionally active regions and is involved in DNA Damage Response (DDR) through formation of R-loops. Curiously, we observed a strong pattern of enrichment of 5-mers in four potentially interacting entities: lncRNA-bound DNA tiles, lncRNAs, miRNA seed sequences, and repeat elements. This finding points to a broad sequence-based network of interactions that may underlie regulation of fundamental cellular functions. Overall, this study reveals diverse sequence and chromatin features related to lncRNA-chromatin interactions, suggesting potential mechanisms of nuclear retention and regulatory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayan Tabe-Bordbar
- Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Saurabh Sinha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, UAW 3108, 313 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
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Liu C, Yu J, Song A, Wang M, Hu J, Chen P, Zhao J, Li G. Histone H1 facilitates restoration of H3K27me3 during DNA replication by chromatin compaction. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4081. [PMID: 37429872 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39846-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
During cell renewal, epigenetic information needs to be precisely restored to maintain cell identity and genome integrity following DNA replication. The histone mark H3K27me3 is essential for the formation of facultative heterochromatin and the repression of developmental genes in embryonic stem cells. However, how the restoration of H3K27me3 is precisely achieved following DNA replication is still poorly understood. Here we employ ChOR-seq (Chromatin Occupancy after Replication) to monitor the dynamic re-establishment of H3K27me3 on nascent DNA during DNA replication. We find that the restoration rate of H3K27me3 is highly correlated with dense chromatin states. In addition, we reveal that the linker histone H1 facilitates the rapid post-replication restoration of H3K27me3 on repressed genes and the restoration rate of H3K27me3 on nascent DNA is greatly compromised after partial depletion of H1. Finally, our in vitro biochemical experiments demonstrate that H1 facilitates the propagation of H3K27me3 by PRC2 through compacting chromatin. Collectively, our results indicate that H1-mediated chromatin compaction facilitates the propagation and restoration of H3K27me3 after DNA replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuifang Liu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Yu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Aoqun Song
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Jiansen Hu
- Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Science, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Chen
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory for Tumor Invasion and Metastasis, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China
| | - Jicheng Zhao
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.
| | - Guohong Li
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China.
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45
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Ismail NH, Mussa A, Al-Khreisat MJ, Mohamed Yusoff S, Husin A, Johan MF. Proteomic Alteration in the Progression of Multiple Myeloma: A Comprehensive Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2328. [PMID: 37510072 PMCID: PMC10378430 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13142328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable hematologic malignancy. Most MM patients are diagnosed at a late stage because the early symptoms of the disease can be uncertain and nonspecific, often resembling other, more common conditions. Additionally, MM patients are commonly associated with rapid relapse and an inevitable refractory phase. MM is characterized by the abnormal proliferation of monoclonal plasma cells in the bone marrow. During the progression of MM, massive genomic alterations occur that target multiple signaling pathways and are accompanied by a multistep process involving differentiation, proliferation, and invasion. Moreover, the transformation of healthy plasma cell biology into genetically heterogeneous MM clones is driven by a variety of post-translational protein modifications (PTMs), which has complicated the discovery of effective treatments. PTMs have been identified as the most promising candidates for biomarker detection, and further research has been recommended to develop promising surrogate markers. Proteomics research has begun in MM, and a comprehensive literature review is available. However, proteomics applications in MM have yet to make significant progress. Exploration of proteomic alterations in MM is worthwhile to improve understanding of the pathophysiology of MM and to search for new treatment targets. Proteomics studies using mass spectrometry (MS) in conjunction with robust bioinformatics tools are an excellent way to learn more about protein changes and modifications during disease progression MM. This article addresses in depth the proteomic changes associated with MM disease transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor Hayati Ismail
- Department of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Ali Mussa
- Department of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Education, Omdurman Islamic University, Omdurman P.O. Box 382, Sudan
| | - Mutaz Jamal Al-Khreisat
- Department of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Shafini Mohamed Yusoff
- Department of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Azlan Husin
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Farid Johan
- Department of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
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46
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Yin X, Romero-Campero FJ, Yang M, Baile F, Cao Y, Shu J, Luo L, Wang D, Sun S, Yan P, Gong Z, Mo X, Qin G, Calonje M, Zhou Y. Binding by the Polycomb complex component BMI1 and H2A monoubiquitination shape local and long-range interactions in the Arabidopsis genome. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:2484-2503. [PMID: 37070946 PMCID: PMC10291032 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) chromatin organization is highly dynamic during development and seems to play a crucial role in regulating gene expression. Self-interacting domains, commonly called topologically associating domains (TADs) or compartment domains (CDs), have been proposed as the basic structural units of chromatin organization. Surprisingly, although these units have been found in several plant species, they escaped detection in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Here, we show that the Arabidopsis genome is partitioned into contiguous CDs with different epigenetic features, which are required to maintain appropriate intra-CD and long-range interactions. Consistent with this notion, the histone-modifying Polycomb group machinery is involved in 3D chromatin organization. Yet, while it is clear that Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2)-mediated trimethylation of histone H3 on lysine 27 (H3K27me3) helps establish local and long-range chromatin interactions in plants, the implications of PRC1-mediated histone H2A monoubiquitination on lysine 121 (H2AK121ub) are unclear. We found that PRC1, together with PRC2, maintains intra-CD interactions, but it also hinders the formation of H3K4me3-enriched local chromatin loops when acting independently of PRC2. Moreover, the loss of PRC1 or PRC2 activity differentially affects long-range chromatin interactions, and these 3D changes differentially affect gene expression. Our results suggest that H2AK121ub helps prevent the formation of transposable element/H3K27me1-rich long loops and serves as a docking point for H3K27me3 incorporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Francisco J Romero-Campero
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis (IBVF-CSIC), Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Seville, Spain
- Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of Sevilla, Avenida Reina Mercedes s/n, Seville 41012, Spain
| | - Minqi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Fernando Baile
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis (IBVF-CSIC), Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Yuxin Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jiayue Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lingxiao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Dingyue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Peng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhiyun Gong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiaorong Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Genji Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Myriam Calonje
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis (IBVF-CSIC), Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Yue Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Qin K, Lan X, Huang P, Saari MS, Khandros E, Keller CA, Giardine B, Abdulmalik O, Shi J, Hardison RC, Blobel GA. Molecular basis of polycomb group protein-mediated fetal hemoglobin repression. Blood 2023; 141:2756-2770. [PMID: 36893455 PMCID: PMC10273169 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022019578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The switch from fetal hemoglobin (HbF) to adult hemoglobin (HbA) is a paradigm for developmental gene expression control with relevance to sickle cell disease and β-thalassemia. Polycomb repressive complex (PRC) proteins regulate this switch, and an inhibitor of PRC2 has entered a clinical trial for HbF activation. Yet, how PRC complexes function in this process, their target genes, and relevant subunit composition are unknown. Here, we identified the PRC1 subunit BMI1 as a novel HbF repressor. We uncovered the RNA binding proteins LIN28B, IGF2BP1, and IGF2BP3 genes as direct BMI1 targets, and demonstrate that they account for the entirety of BMI1's effect on HbF regulation. BMI1 functions as part of the canonical PRC1 (cPRC1) subcomplex as revealed by the physical and functional dissection of BMI1 protein partners. Lastly, we demonstrate that BMI1/cPRC1 acts in concert with PRC2 to repress HbF through the same target genes. Our study illuminates how PRC silences HbF, highlighting an epigenetic mechanism involved in hemoglobin switching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunhua Qin
- Division of Hematology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Xianjiang Lan
- Department of Systems Biology for Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Huang
- Division of Hematology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Megan S. Saari
- Division of Hematology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Eugene Khandros
- Division of Hematology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Cheryl A. Keller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA
| | - Belinda Giardine
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA
| | - Osheiza Abdulmalik
- Division of Hematology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Junwei Shi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ross C. Hardison
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA
| | - Gerd A. Blobel
- Division of Hematology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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48
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Zhou H, Feng W, Yu J, Shafiq TA, Paulo JA, Zhang J, Luo Z, Gygi SP, Moazed D. SENP3 and USP7 regulate Polycomb-rixosome interactions and silencing functions. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112339. [PMID: 37014752 PMCID: PMC10777863 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The rixosome and PRC1 silencing complexes are associated with deSUMOylating and deubiquitinating enzymes, SENP3 and USP7, respectively. How deSUMOylation and deubiquitylation contribute to rixosome- and Polycomb-mediated silencing is not fully understood. Here, we show that the enzymatic activities of SENP3 and USP7 are required for silencing of Polycomb target genes. SENP3 deSUMOylates several rixosome subunits, and this activity is required for association of the rixosome with PRC1. USP7 associates with canonical PRC1 (cPRC1) and deubiquitinates the chromodomain subunits CBX2 and CBX4, and inhibition of USP activity results in disassembly of cPRC1. Finally, both SENP3 and USP7 are required for Polycomb- and rixosome-dependent silencing at an ectopic reporter locus. These findings demonstrate that SUMOylation and ubiquitination regulate the assembly and activities of the rixosome and Polycomb complexes and raise the possibility that these modifications provide regulatory mechanisms that may be utilized during development or in response to environmental challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haining Zhou
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Wenzhi Feng
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Juntao Yu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tiasha A Shafiq
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joao A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jiuchun Zhang
- Initiative for Genome Editing and Neurodegeneration, Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhenhua Luo
- Precision Medicine Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Danesh Moazed
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Rang FJ, Kind J, Guerreiro I. The role of heterochromatin in 3D genome organization during preimplantation development. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112248. [PMID: 37059092 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
During the early stages of mammalian development, the epigenetic state of the parental genome is completely reprogrammed to give rise to the totipotent embryo. An important aspect of this remodeling concerns the heterochromatin and the spatial organization of the genome. While heterochromatin and genome organization are intricately linked in pluripotent and somatic systems, little is known about their relationship in the totipotent embryo. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the reprogramming of both regulatory layers. In addition, we discuss available evidence on their relationship and put this in the context of findings in other systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franka J Rang
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, the Netherlands
| | - Jop Kind
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, the Netherlands; Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, Houtlaan 4, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Isabel Guerreiro
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, the Netherlands.
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Brown HE, Weasner BP, Weasner BM, Kumar JP. Polycomb safeguards imaginal disc specification through control of the Vestigial-Scalloped complex. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.11.536444. [PMID: 37090526 PMCID: PMC10120697 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.11.536444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
A fundamental goal of developmental biology is to understand how cell and tissue fates are specified. The imaginal discs of Drosophila are excellent model systems for addressing this paradigm as their fate can be redirected when discs regenerate after injury or when key selector genes are mis-regulated. Here, we show that when Polycomb expression is reduced, the wing selector gene vestigial is ectopically activated. This leads to the inappropriate formation of the Vestigial-Scalloped complex which forces the eye to transform into a wing. We further demonstrate that disrupting this complex does not simply block wing formation or restore eye development. Instead, immunohistochemistry and high throughput genomic analysis show that the eye-antennal disc unexpectedly undergoes hyperplastic growth with multiple domains being organized into other imaginal discs and tissues. These findings provide insight into the complex developmental landscape that tissues must navigate before adopting their final fate. Summary Statement Here we describe a novel mechanism by which Pc promotes an eye fate during normal development and how the eye is reprogrammed into a wing in its absence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley E. Brown
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | | | - Bonnie M. Weasner
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - Justin P. Kumar
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
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