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Iwata K, Suzawa K, Hashimoto K, Tanaka S, Shien K, Miyoshi K, Yamamoto H, Okazaki M, Sugimoto S, Toyooka S. Utility of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as an indicator of tumor immune status in non-small cell lung cancer. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2024; 54:895-902. [PMID: 38704243 PMCID: PMC11322889 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyae058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been reported as a prognostic biomarker in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, the underlying biological rationale remains unclear. The present study aimed to explore the potential utility of NLR as a surrogate biomarker for immune response to cancer and to elucidate the underlying mechanism. METHODS This retrospective study included the medical records of 120 patients with NSCLC who underwent surgery at the study institution in 2012. NLR in peripheral blood was determined from blood test within 30 days before surgery. Tumor immune status was evaluated using immunohistochemical staining to identify CD3+, CD8+ and FOXP3+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), and the relationship of NLR, with clinicopathologic characteristics including 5-year overall survival (OS), and the tumor immune status was investigated. The median values of NLR and TIL count were used as cutoff points. RESULTS The 5-year OS was significantly better in patients with low NLR (<2.2) than in those with high NLR (≥2.2) (70.1% vs. 56.8%, P = 0.042) and in patients with high CD3+ TIL count (≥242) than in those with low CD3+ TIL count (<242) (70% vs. 56.8%, P = 0.019). Additionally, the CD3+ TIL count was negatively correlated with preoperative NLR (P = 0.005). CONCLUSION NLR might potentially reflect the immune status of tumor microenvironment, explaining its impact on prognosis of patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Iwata
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Brest and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Ken Suzawa
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Brest and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Kohei Hashimoto
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Brest and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Shin Tanaka
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Brest and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Shien
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Brest and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Kentaroh Miyoshi
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Brest and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Yamamoto
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Brest and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Mikio Okazaki
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Brest and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Sugimoto
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Brest and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Shinichi Toyooka
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Brest and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
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Hong H, Shi X, Ou W, Ou P. Prognostic biomarker CPEB3 and its associations with immune infiltration in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Biomed Rep 2024; 20:63. [PMID: 38476610 PMCID: PMC10928475 DOI: 10.3892/br.2024.1751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The role and underlying mechanism of cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 3 (CPEB3) in clear cell renal cell carcinoma [ccRCC progression remain poorly characterized. The present study was designed to evaluate the role of CPEB3 in ccRCC and its clinical associations. The overall response rate of first-line therapies (ICIs combined with VEGFR-TKIs or ICI combination) for ccRCC] is 42.0-59.3%, so a number of patients with ccRCC do not benefit from these therapies. To avoid immunosurveillance and immune killing, tumor cells decrease immunogenicity and recruit immunosuppressive cells such as regulatory T cells (Tregs). Tregs inhibit the development of anti-tumor immunity, thereby hindering immune surveillance of cancer and preventing effective anti-tumor immune response in tumor-bearing hosts. The present study analyzed clinical specimens from patients ccRCC and then examined the role of CPEB3 in ccRCC via bioinformatics analysis. CPEB3 expression was significantly reduced in ccRCC compared with normal tissue and low CPEB3 expression was associated with poor overall survival. Moreover, CPEB3 expression was an independent predictor of survival. CPEB3 expression was positively associated with immune biomarkers [CD274, programmed cell death 1 ligand 2, Hepatitis a virus cellular receptor 2, Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL)9, CXCL10, Inducible T cell costimulatory, CD40, CD80 and CD38] that improve the outcome of anti-tumor immune responses. CPEB3 expression in ccRCC also affected the status of 24 types of infiltrating immune cell, of which Tregs were the most significantly negatively correlated cell type. CPEB3 may serve as a prognostic biomarker in ccRCC and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualan Hong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350000, P.R. China
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350000, P.R. China
| | - Xi Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350000, P.R. China
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350000, P.R. China
| | - Wenyong Ou
- Department of Surgery 1, Longyan People Hospital, Longyan, Fujian 364000, P.R. China
| | - Pengju Ou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350000, P.R. China
- Department of Medical Affairs, Guangzhou Lupeng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
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3
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Qadir J, Wen SY, Yuan H, Yang BB. CircRNAs regulate the crosstalk between inflammation and tumorigenesis: The bilateral association and molecular mechanisms. Mol Ther 2023; 31:1514-1532. [PMID: 36518080 PMCID: PMC10278049 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation, a hallmark of cancer, has been associated with tumor progression, transition into malignant phenotype and efficacy of the chemotherapeutic agents in cancer. Chronic inflammation provides a favorable environment for tumorigenesis by inducing immunosuppression, whereas acute inflammation prompts tumor suppression by generating anti-tumor immune responses. Inflammatory factors derived from interstitial cells or tumor cells can stimulate cell proliferation and survival by modulating oncogenes and/or tumor suppressors. Recently, a new class of RNAs, i.e., circular RNAs (circRNAs), has been implicated in inflammatory diseases. Although there are reports on circRNAs imparting functions in inflammatory insults, whether these circularized transcripts hold the potential to regulate inflammation-induced cancer or tumor-related inflammation, and modulate the interactions between tumor microenvironment (TME) and the inflammatory stromal/immune cells, awaits further elucidation. Contextually, the current review describes the molecular association between inflammation and cancer, and spotlights the regulatory mechanisms by which circRNAs can moderate TME in response to inflammatory signals/triggers. We also present comprehensive information about the immune cell(s)-specific expression and functions of the circRNAs in TME, modulation of inflammatory signaling pathways to drive tumorigenesis, and their plausible roles in inflammasomes and tumor development. Moreover, the therapeutic potential of these circRNAs in harnessing inflammatory responses in cancer is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javeria Qadir
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shuo-Yang Wen
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hui Yuan
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Burton B Yang
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Luo R, Chyr J, Wen J, Wang Y, Zhao W, Zhou X. A novel integrated approach to predicting cancer immunotherapy efficacy. Oncogene 2023; 42:1913-1925. [PMID: 37100920 PMCID: PMC10244162 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02670-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapies have revolutionized cancer treatment modalities; however, predicting clinical response accurately and reliably remains challenging. Neoantigen load is considered as a fundamental genetic determinant of therapeutic response. However, only a few predicted neoantigens are highly immunogenic, with little focus on intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) in the neoantigen landscape and its link with different features in the tumor microenvironment. To address this issue, we comprehensively characterized neoantigens arising from nonsynonymous mutations and gene fusions in lung cancer and melanoma. We developed a composite NEO2IS to characterize interplays between cancer and CD8+ T-cell populations. NEO2IS improved prediction accuracy of patient responses to immune-checkpoint blockades (ICBs). We found that TCR repertoire diversity was consistent with the neoantigen heterogeneity under evolutionary selections. Our defined neoantigen ITH score (NEOITHS) reflected infiltration degree of CD8+ T lymphocytes with different differentiation states and manifested the impact of negative selection pressure on CD8+ T-cell lineage heterogeneity or tumor ecosystem plasticity. We classified tumors into distinct immune subtypes and examined how neoantigen-T cells interactions affected disease progression and treatment response. Overall, our integrated framework helps profile neoantigen patterns that elicit T-cell immunoreactivity, enhance the understanding of evolving tumor-immune interplays and improve prediction of ICBs efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihan Luo
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jacqueline Chyr
- Center for Computational Systems Medicine, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jianguo Wen
- Center for Computational Systems Medicine, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yanfei Wang
- Center for Computational Systems Medicine, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Weiling Zhao
- Center for Computational Systems Medicine, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- Center for Computational Systems Medicine, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
- McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
- School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
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Homan EJ, Bremel RD. Determinants of tumor immune evasion: the role of T cell exposed motif frequency and mutant amino acid exposure. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1155679. [PMID: 37215122 PMCID: PMC10196236 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1155679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Few neoepitopes detected in tumor biopsies are immunogenic. Tumor-specific T cell responses require both the presentation of an epitope that differs from wildtype and the presence of T cells with neoepitope-cognate receptors. We show that mutations detected in tumor biopsies result in an increased frequency of rare amino acid combinations compared to the human proteome and gastrointestinal microorganisms. Mutations in a large data set of oncogene and tumor suppressor gene products were compared to wildtype, and to the count of corresponding amino acid motifs in the human proteome and gastrointestinal microbiome. Mutant amino acids in T cell exposed positions of potential neoepitopes consistently generated amino acid motifs that are less common in both proteome reference datasets. Approximately 10% of the mutant amino acid motifs are absent from the human proteome. Motif frequency does not change when mutants were positioned in the MHC anchor positions hidden from T cell receptors. Analysis of neoepitopes in GBM and LUSC cases showed less common T cell exposed motifs, and HLA binding preferentially placing mutant amino acids in an anchor position for both MHC I and MHC II. Cross-presentation of mutant exposed neoepitopes by MHC I and MHC II was particularly uncommon. Review of a tumor mutation dataset known to generate T cell responses showed immunogenic epitopes were those with mutant amino acids exposed to the T cell receptor and with exposed pentamer motifs present in the human and microbiome reference databases. The study illustrates a previously unrecognized mechanism of tumor immune evasion, as rare T cell exposed motifs produced by mutation are less likely to have cognate T cells in the T cell repertoire. The complex interactions of HLA genotype, binding positions, and mutation specific changes in T cell exposed motif underscore the necessity of evaluating potential neoepitopes in each individual patient.
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Weeden CE, Hill W, Lim EL, Grönroos E, Swanton C. Impact of risk factors on early cancer evolution. Cell 2023; 186:1541-1563. [PMID: 37059064 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Recent identification of oncogenic cells within healthy tissues and the prevalence of indolent cancers found incidentally at autopsies reveal a greater complexity in tumor initiation than previously appreciated. The human body contains roughly 40 trillion cells of 200 different types that are organized within a complex three-dimensional matrix, necessitating exquisite mechanisms to restrain aberrant outgrowth of malignant cells that have the capacity to kill the host. Understanding how this defense is overcome to trigger tumorigenesis and why cancer is so extraordinarily rare at the cellular level is vital to future prevention therapies. In this review, we discuss how early initiated cells are protected from further tumorigenesis and the non-mutagenic pathways by which cancer risk factors promote tumor growth. By nature, the absence of permanent genomic alterations potentially renders these tumor-promoting mechanisms clinically targetable. Finally, we consider existing strategies for early cancer interception with perspectives on the next steps for molecular cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare E Weeden
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - William Hill
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Emilia L Lim
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK; Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Center of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Eva Grönroos
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Charles Swanton
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK; Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Center of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK; Department of Oncology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK.
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Harnessing epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity to boost cancer immunotherapy. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:318-340. [PMID: 36823234 PMCID: PMC10066239 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-00980-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy is a powerful option for cancer treatment. Despite demonstrable progress, most patients fail to respond or achieve durable responses due to primary or acquired ICB resistance. Recently, tumor epithelial-to-mesenchymal plasticity (EMP) was identified as a critical determinant in regulating immune escape and immunotherapy resistance in cancer. In this review, we summarize the emerging role of tumor EMP in ICB resistance and the tumor-intrinsic or extrinsic mechanisms by which tumors exploit EMP to achieve immunosuppression and immune escape. We discuss strategies to modulate tumor EMP to alleviate immune resistance and to enhance the efficiency of ICB therapy. Our discussion provides new prospects to enhance the ICB response for therapeutic gain in cancer patients.
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Predictive value of intratumor metabolic and heterogeneity parameters on [ 18F]FDG PET/CT for EGFR mutations in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Jpn J Radiol 2023; 41:209-218. [PMID: 36219311 DOI: 10.1007/s11604-022-01347-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the value of metabolic and heterogeneity parameters of 2-deoxy-2[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in predicting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in patients with lung adenocarcinoma (ADC). MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed on 157 patients with lung ADC between September 2015 and June 2021, who had undergone both EGFR mutation testing and [18F]FDG PET/CT examination. Metabolic and heterogeneity parameters were measured and calculated, including maximum diameter (Dmax), maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), mean standardized uptake value (SUVmean), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), total lesion glycolysis (TLG), and heterogeneity factor (HF). Relationships between PET/CT parameters and EGFR mutation status were evaluated and a multivariate logistic regression analysis was analyzed to establish a combined prediction model. RESULTS 108 (68.8%) patients exhibited EGFR mutations. EGFR mutations were more likely to occur in females (51.9% vs. 48.1%, P = 0.007), non-smokers (83.3% vs. 16.7%, P < 0.001) and right lobes (55.6% vs. 44.4%, P = 0.017). High Dmax, MTV and HF and low SUVmean were significantly correlated with EGFR mutations, and the areas under the ROC curve (AUCs) measuring 0.647, 0.701, 0.757, and 0.661, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested that non-smokers (OR = 0.30, P = 0.034), low SUVmean (≤ 7.75, OR = 0.63, P < 0.001) and high HF (≥ 4.21, OR = 1.80, P = 0.027) were independent predictors of EGFR mutations. The AUC of the combined prediction model measured up to 0.863, significantly higher than that of a single parameter. CONCLUSIONS EGFR mutant in lung ADC patients showed more intratumor heterogeneity (HF) than EGFR wild type, which was combined clinical feature (non-smokers), and metabolic parameter (SUVmean) may be helpful in predicting EGFR mutation status, thus playing a guiding role in EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) targeted therapies.
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Xu FQ, Dong MM, Wang ZF, Cao LD. Metabolic rearrangements and intratumoral heterogeneity for immune response in hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1083069. [PMID: 36776894 PMCID: PMC9908004 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1083069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors globally. Not only is it difficult to diagnose, but treatments are scarce and the prognosis is generally poor. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer. Aggressive cancer cells, such as those found in HCC, undergo extensive metabolic rewiring as tumorigenesis, the unique feature, ultimately causes adaptation to the neoplastic microenvironment. Intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH) is defined as the presence of distinct genetic features and different phenotypes in the same tumoral region. ITH, a property unique to malignant cancers, results in differences in many different features of tumors, including, but not limited to, tumor growth and resistance to chemotherapy, which in turn is partly responsible for metabolic reprogramming. Moreover, the different metabolic phenotypes might also activate the immune response to varying degrees and help tumor cells escape detection by the immune system. In this review, we summarize the reprogramming of glucose metabolism and tumoral heterogeneity and their associations that occur in HCC, to obtain a better understanding of the mechanisms of HCC oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Qi Xu
- General Surgery, Cancer Center, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng-Meng Dong
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhi-Fei Wang
- General Surgery, Cancer Center, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li-Dong Cao
- General Surgery, Cancer Center, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Sei S, Ahadova A, Keskin DB, Bohaumilitzky L, Gebert J, von Knebel Doeberitz M, Lipkin SM, Kloor M. Lynch syndrome cancer vaccines: A roadmap for the development of precision immunoprevention strategies. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1147590. [PMID: 37035178 PMCID: PMC10073468 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1147590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary cancer syndromes (HCS) account for 5~10% of all cancer diagnosis. Lynch syndrome (LS) is one of the most common HCS, caused by germline mutations in the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes. Even with prospective cancer surveillance, LS is associated with up to 50% lifetime risk of colorectal, endometrial, and other cancers. While significant progress has been made in the timely identification of germline pathogenic variant carriers and monitoring and early detection of precancerous lesions, cancer-risk reduction strategies are still centered around endoscopic or surgical removal of neoplastic lesions and susceptible organs. Safe and effective cancer prevention strategies are critically needed to improve the life quality and longevity of LS and other HCS carriers. The era of precision oncology driven by recent technological advances in tumor molecular profiling and a better understanding of genetic risk factors has transformed cancer prevention approaches for at-risk individuals, including LS carriers. MMR deficiency leads to the accumulation of insertion and deletion mutations in microsatellites (MS), which are particularly prone to DNA polymerase slippage during DNA replication. Mutations in coding MS give rise to frameshift peptides (FSP) that are recognized by the immune system as neoantigens. Due to clonal evolution, LS tumors share a set of recurrent and predictable FSP neoantigens in the same and in different LS patients. Cancer vaccines composed of commonly recurring FSP neoantigens selected through prediction algorithms have been clinically evaluated in LS carriers and proven safe and immunogenic. Preclinically analogous FSP vaccines have been shown to elicit FSP-directed immune responses and exert tumor-preventive efficacy in murine models of LS. While the immunopreventive efficacy of "off-the-shelf" vaccines consisting of commonly recurring FSP antigens is currently investigated in LS clinical trials, the feasibility and utility of personalized FSP vaccines with individual HLA-restricted epitopes are being explored for more precise targeting. Here, we discuss recent advances in precision cancer immunoprevention approaches, emerging enabling technologies, research gaps, and implementation barriers toward clinical translation of risk-tailored prevention strategies for LS carriers. We will also discuss the feasibility and practicality of next-generation cancer vaccines that are based on personalized immunogenic epitopes for precision cancer immunoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizuko Sei
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Shizuko Sei, ; Steven M. Lipkin, ; Matthias Kloor,
| | - Aysel Ahadova
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Derin B. Keskin
- Translational Immunogenomics Laboratory, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- Broad Institute of The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Computer Science, Metropolitan College, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Section for Bioinformatics, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lena Bohaumilitzky
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Gebert
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Magnus von Knebel Doeberitz
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Steven M. Lipkin
- Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Shizuko Sei, ; Steven M. Lipkin, ; Matthias Kloor,
| | - Matthias Kloor
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Shizuko Sei, ; Steven M. Lipkin, ; Matthias Kloor,
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Wang X, Cheng W, Zeng X, Dou X, Zhou Z, Pei Q. EPSTI1 as an immune biomarker predicts the prognosis of patients with stage III colon cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:987394. [PMID: 36330510 PMCID: PMC9623419 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.987394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The poor prognosis and heterogeneity of stage III colon cancer (CC) suggest the need for more prognostic biomarkers. The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in tumor progression. We aimed to explore novel immune infiltration-associated molecules that serve as potential prognostic and therapeutic targets. Methods TME immune scores were calculated using “TMEscore” algorithm. Differentially expressed genes between the high and low TME immune score groups were identified and further investigated through a protein-protein interaction network and the Molecular Complex Detection algorithm. Cox regression, meta-analysis and immunohistochemistry were applied to identify genes significantly correlated with relapse-free survival (RFS). We estimated immune infiltration using three different algorithms (TIMER 2.0, CIBERSORTx, and TIDE). Single-cell sequencing data were processed by Seurat software. Results Poor RFS was observed in the low TME immune score groups (log-rank P < 0.05). EPSTI1 was demonstrated to be significantly correlated with RFS (P < 0.05) in stage III CC. Meta-analysis comprising 547 patients revealed that EPSTI1 was a protective factor (HR = 0.79, 95% CI, 0.65-0. 96; P < 0.05)). More immune infiltrates were observed in the high EPSTI1 group, especially M1 macrophage and myeloid dendritic cell infiltration (P < 0.05). Conclusion The TME immune score is positively associated with better survival outcomes. EPSTI1 could serve as a novel immune prognostic biomarker for stage III CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xitao Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xingzhi Zeng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, China
| | - Xiaolin Dou
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhongyi Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qian Pei
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Qian Pei,
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12
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Su Y, Ding J, Yang F, He C, Xu Y, Zhu X, Zhou H, Li H. The regulatory role of PDE4B in the progression of inflammatory function study. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:982130. [PMID: 36278172 PMCID: PMC9582262 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.982130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a response of the body to external stimuli (eg. chemical irritants, bacteria, viruses, etc.), and when the stimuli are persistent, they tend to trigger chronic inflammation. The presence of chronic inflammation is an important component of the tumor microenvironment produced by a variety of inflammatory cells (eg. macrophages, neutrophils, leukocytes, etc.). The relationship between chronic inflammation and cancer development has been widely accepted, and chronic inflammation has been associated with the development of many cancers, including chronic bronchitis and lung cancer, cystitis inducing bladder cancer. Moreover, chronic colorectitis is more likely to develop into colorectal cancer. Therefore, the specific relationship and cellular mechanisms between inflammation and cancer are a hot topic of research. Recent studies have identified phosphodiesterase 4B (PDE4B), a member of the phosphodiesterase (PDEs) protein family, as a major cyclic AMP (cAMP) metabolizing enzyme in inflammatory cells, and the therapeutic role of PDE4B as chronic inflammation, cancer. In this review, we will present the tumors associated with chronic inflammation, and PDE4B potential clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Su
- First-in-Human Clinical Trial Wards in the National Institute of Clinical Drug Trials, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
- School of Public Foundation, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | - Jiaxiang Ding
- First-in-Human Clinical Trial Wards in the National Institute of Clinical Drug Trials, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
- School of Public Foundation, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Cuixia He
- First-in-Human Clinical Trial Wards in the National Institute of Clinical Drug Trials, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- First-in-Human Clinical Trial Wards in the National Institute of Clinical Drug Trials, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | - Xingyu Zhu
- First-in-Human Clinical Trial Wards in the National Institute of Clinical Drug Trials, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | - Huan Zhou
- First-in-Human Clinical Trial Wards in the National Institute of Clinical Drug Trials, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
- School of Public Foundation, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
- *Correspondence: Hongtao Li, ; Huan Zhou,
| | - Hongtao Li
- First-in-Human Clinical Trial Wards in the National Institute of Clinical Drug Trials, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
- *Correspondence: Hongtao Li, ; Huan Zhou,
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13
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Zuo H, Tao J, Wang M, Xie X, Sun M. A novel immunochemotherapy based on immunogenicity-activated and immunosuppression-reversed biomimetic nanoparticles. RSC Adv 2022; 12:28104-28112. [PMID: 36320259 PMCID: PMC9527569 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04326b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies show that infiltrated myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are vital in the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and account for lymphoma refractoriness and recurrence. Here, we developed a biomimetic nanoplatform (PM-PLGA-DOX/GEM) in which platelet membranes (PM) wrap PLGA nanoparticles co-loaded with doxorubicin (DOX) and gemcitabine (GEM). PM-PLGA-DOX/GEM would accumulate in tumor tissues because of the enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect and the tumor cell-induced platelet aggregation (TCIPA) effect. GEM could eliminate the MDSCs in tumor tissues, thereby reversing the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, DOX could invoke the immunogenic cell death (ICD) of lymphoma cells. Consequently, numerous T cells were recruited and activated to improve the therapeutic effects. This study will offer a potential platform for clinical treatment of lymphoma and other solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaqin Zuo
- Department of Hematology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou UniversityYangzhouJiangsu225001P. R. China
| | - Junxian Tao
- Department of Endocrinology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou UniversityYangzhouJiangsu225001P. R. China
| | - Manli Wang
- Graduate School of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianLiaoning116044P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Xie
- Department of Hematology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou UniversityYangzhouJiangsu225001P. R. China
| | - Mei Sun
- Department of Hematology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou UniversityYangzhouJiangsu225001P. R. China
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14
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Lampropoulos I, Charoupa M, Kavousanakis M. Intra-tumor heterogeneity and its impact on cytotoxic therapy in a two-dimensional vascular tumor growth model. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.117792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Wei YH, Wang Y, Li H, Wang CJ, Liu SR, Huang ZL, Wang GN, Tao YL, Xia YF. A Nomogram to Predict Survival in Patients With Locoregional Recurrent Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Receiving Comprehensive Treatment. Front Oncol 2022; 12:892510. [PMID: 35785157 PMCID: PMC9243306 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.892510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveThis study aimed to establish a prognostic stratified model of chemotherapy-based comprehensive treatment for patients with locoregional recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (lrNPC), to help individualized treatment decision-making.Materials and MethodsThis study retrospectively reviewed patients with lrNPC who received chemotherapy-based comprehensive treatment from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2018. A total of 422 eligible patients were divided into test (n = 338) and validation (n = 84) cohorts. A LASSO cox regression model was used to identify significant prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) in the test cohort. A nomogram was then developed based on a combined consideration of clinically meaningful prognostic factors and statistically significant prognostic factors. The performance of the nomogram was assessed with Harrell’s concordance index (C-index) and calibration plots.ResultsFive significant factors were identified: age, albumin (ALB), T stage after recurrent (rT), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and systematic immune-inflammation index (SII). The nomogram was established with these five factors. C-index was 0.636 in the test cohort and 0.610 in the validation cohort. The calibration curves for the OS rate at 3, and 5 years showed an excellent agreement in both cohorts. In addition, the corresponding risk classification system successfully classified patients into low- and high-risk groups and performed well in stratification (P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe nomogram shows well prognostic performance for lrNPC patients receiving chemotherapy-based comprehensive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - He Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chi-jie Wang
- Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Song-Ran Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zi-Lu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guan-Nan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Head & Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Lan Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yun-Fei Xia, ; Ya-Lan Tao,
| | - Yun-Fei Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yun-Fei Xia, ; Ya-Lan Tao,
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Jacquemin V, Antoine M, Dom G, Detours V, Maenhaut C, Dumont JE. Dynamic Cancer Cell Heterogeneity: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Implications. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:280. [PMID: 35053446 PMCID: PMC8773841 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Though heterogeneity of cancers is recognized and has been much discussed in recent years, the concept often remains overlooked in different routine examinations. Indeed, in clinical or biological articles, reviews, and textbooks, cancers and cancer cells are generally presented as evolving distinct entities rather than as an independent heterogeneous cooperative cell population with its self-oriented biology. There are, therefore, conceptual gaps which can mislead the interpretations/diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. In this short review, we wish to summarize and discuss various aspects of this dynamic evolving heterogeneity and its biological, pathological, clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic implications, using thyroid carcinoma as an illustrative example.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Jacquemin
- Correspondence: (V.J.); (J.E.D.); Tel.: +32-2-555-32-26 (V.J.); +32-2-555-41-34 (J.E.D.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jacques E. Dumont
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; (M.A.); (G.D.); (V.D.); (C.M.)
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17
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Hill W, Caswell DR, Swanton C. Capturing cancer evolution using genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs). Trends Cell Biol 2021; 31:1007-1018. [PMID: 34400045 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Initiating from a single cell, cancer undergoes clonal evolution, leading to a high degree of intratumor heterogeneity (ITH). The arising genetic heterogeneity between cancer cells is influenced by exogenous and endogenous forces that shape the composition of clones within tumors. Preclinical mouse models have provided a valuable tool for understanding cancer, helping to build a fundamental understanding of tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. Until recently, genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMS) of cancer had lacked the genetic diversity found in human tumors, in which evolution may be driven by long-term carcinogen exposure and DNA damage. However, advances in sequencing technology and in our understanding of the drivers of genetic instability have given us the knowledge to generate new mouse models, offering an approach to functionally explore mechanisms of tumor evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Hill
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Deborah R Caswell
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Charles Swanton
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK; Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK; University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK.
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18
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Engineered porous/hollow Burkholderia pseudomallei loading tumor lysate as a vaccine. Biomaterials 2021; 278:121141. [PMID: 34564035 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Due to its size, shape, and inherent expression of pathogen-associated molecular patterns and invasion-assistant adhesion proteins, Burkholderia pseudomallei can easily attach to, and then be internalized by, dendritic cells (DCs), leading to more efficient antigen cross-presentation if modified as carrier. Herein, we engineered Burkholderia pseudomallei as a porous/hollow carrier (SB) for loading tumor lysates (L) and adjuvant CpG (C) to be used as a tumor vaccine (SB-LC). We found that the adhesion proteins of Burkholderia pseudomallei promote internalization of the SB-LC vaccine by DCs, and result in enhanced DC maturation and antigen cross-presentation. SB-LC induces robust cellular and humoral antitumor responses that synergistically inhibit tumor growth with minimal adverse side effects in several tumor models. Moreover, SB-LC vaccination reverses the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, apparently as a result of CD8+-induced tumor ferroptosis. Thus, SB-LC is a potential model tumor vaccine for translating into a clinically viable treatment option.
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19
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Ye J, Chen X, Lu W. Identification and Experimental Validation of Immune-Associate lncRNAs for Predicting Prognosis in Cervical Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:4721-4734. [PMID: 34526775 PMCID: PMC8435534 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s322998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Cervical cancer (CC) is a major risk for health of modern women. Immune-related long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can also serve as prognostic markers of overall survival (OS) in patients with CC. This study aimed to identify an immune-related lncRNA signature for the prospective assessment of prognosis in CC patients. Methods We first calculated immune scores of CC patients in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Univariate Cox, Lasso Cox and multivariate Cox regression analyses were perfumed to establish an immune-relative lncRNA signature. In addition, we processed pathway enrichment analysis and immune infiltration analysis between patients with higher or lower risk. Finally, T-cell Chemotaxis assays were processed to verify the function of 2 key lncRNAs. Results Our results suggested that patients with higher immune scores had longer survival time and some lncRNAs expressed differentially between two groups. Eight lncRNAs (LINC02802, LINC01877, RBAKDN, LINC02480, WWC2-AS2, LINC01281, ZBTB20-AS1, IFNG-AS1) were identified as prognostic signatures for CC. The immune-related lncRNA signature was correlated with disease progression and worse prognosis. Immune infiltration analysis indicated that the expression of 8-lncRNA signatures were corrected with infiltration level of immune cell subtypes. In addition, T-cell Chemotaxis assay validated that 2 key lncRNAs (ZBTB20-AS1 and LINC01281) could significantly promote the migration ability of T cells to CC cells. Conclusion Our finding demonstrated the value of lncRNAs in evaluating the immune infiltrate of the tumor. The 8-lncRNA signature could predict the prognosis of CC and contribute to decisions regarding the immunotherapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ye
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Chen
- Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiguo Lu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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20
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Truong AS, Zhou M, Krishnan B, Utsumi T, Manocha U, Stewart KG, Beck W, Rose TL, Milowsky MI, He X, Smith CC, Bixby LM, Perou CM, Wobker SE, Bailey ST, Vincent BG, Kim WY. Entinostat induces antitumor immune responses through immune editing of tumor neoantigens. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:e138560. [PMID: 34396985 DOI: 10.1172/jci138560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Although immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been a remarkable advancement in bladder cancer treatment, the response rate to single-agent ICIs remains suboptimal. There has been substantial interest in the use of epigenetic agents to enhance ICI efficacy, although precisely how these agents potentiate ICI response has not been fully elucidated. We identified entinostat, a selective HDAC1/3 inhibitor, as a potent antitumor agent in our immune-competent bladder cancer mouse models (BBN963 and BBN966). We demonstrate that entinostat selectively promoted immune editing of tumor neoantigens, effectively remodeling the tumor immune microenvironment, resulting in a robust antitumor response that was cell autonomous, dependent upon antigen presentation, and associated with increased numbers of neoantigen-specific T cells. Finally, combination treatment with anti-PD-1 and entinostat led to complete responses and conferred long-term immunologic memory. Our work defines a tumor cell-autonomous mechanism of action for entinostat and a strong preclinical rationale for the combined use of entinostat and PD-1 blockade in bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Truong
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center.,Department of Pharmacology
| | - Mi Zhou
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Tracy L Rose
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center.,Department of Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | - Charles M Perou
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center.,Department of Genetics.,Computational Medicine Program
| | - Sara E Wobker
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center.,Department of Pathology, and
| | | | - Benjamin G Vincent
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center.,Department of Medicine.,Computational Medicine Program.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC), Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - William Y Kim
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center.,Department of Pharmacology.,Department of Medicine.,Department of Genetics
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21
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Heinrich S, Craig AJ, Ma L, Heinrich B, Greten TF, Wang XW. Understanding tumour cell heterogeneity and its implication for immunotherapy in liver cancer using single-cell analysis. J Hepatol 2021; 74:700-715. [PMID: 33271159 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, precision medicine and immunotherapeutic approaches have become increasingly popular in oncology. Early clinical trials reported promising results, but response rates in phase III clinical trials have been suboptimal. Knowledge gained from subsequent translational studies indicates the importance of targeting the tumour microenvironment to overcome resistance to immunotherapy. In this era of precision medicine, it is crucial to consider inter- as well as intratumoural heterogeneity. Single-cell analysis is a cutting-edge technology that enables us to better define the tumour cell community and to identify potential targets for immunotherapy or combination treatments. This review focuses on single-cell analysis in the context of immunotherapy in liver cancer, including the rationale behind studying hepatocellular carcinoma biology at a single-cell level. Single-cell technologies have the potential to revolutionise our understanding of resistance mechanisms and to guide drug discovery efforts, leading to further advances in personalised medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Heinrich
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, USA
| | - Amanda J Craig
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, USA
| | - Lichun Ma
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, USA
| | - Bernd Heinrich
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, USA
| | - Tim F Greten
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, USA; Liver Cancer Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, USA
| | - Xin W Wang
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, USA; Liver Cancer Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, USA.
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22
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Zhu X, Li S, Xu B, Luo H. Cancer evolution: A means by which tumors evade treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 133:111016. [PMID: 33246226 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although various methods have been tried to study and treat cancer, the cancer remains a major challenge for human medicine today. One important reason for this is the presence of cancer evolution. Cancer evolution is a process in which tumor cells adapt to the external environment, which can suppress the human immune system's ability to recognize and attack tumors, and also reduce the reproducibility of cancer research. Among them, heterogeneity of the tumor provides intrinsic motivation for this process. Recently, with the development of related technologies such as liquid biopsy, more and more knowledge about cancer evolution has been gained and interest in this topic has also increased. Therefore, starting from the causes of tumorigenesis, this paper introduces several tumorigenesis processes and pathways, as well as treatment options for different targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhu
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.
| | - Shi Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urogenital Tumor Systems and Synthetic Biology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Tumor, Translational Medicine Institute of Shenzhen, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China; College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bairui Xu
- The Key Lab of Zhanjiang for R&D Marine Microbial Resources in the Beibu Gulf Rim, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China; The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjian, China
| | - Hui Luo
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China; The Key Lab of Zhanjiang for R&D Marine Microbial Resources in the Beibu Gulf Rim, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China; The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjian, China.
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23
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Wu ZY, Shen W, Yue JQ, Yao WY, Liu SL, Jin YP, Dong P, Ma F, Wu XS, Gong W. Combining Immunoscore with Clinicopathologic Features in Cholangiocarcinoma: An Influential Prognostic Nomogram. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:11359-11376. [PMID: 33192071 PMCID: PMC7654544 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s274754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to determine the Immunoscore as an independent prognostic factor for cholangiocarcinoma and establish a useful prognostic model for postoperative patients. Methods This retrospective study was performed to assess the correlation between the clinicopathological features, tumor immune microenvironment, and prognosis of 76 patients with cholangiocarcinoma. Multivariate analysis was used to identify independent factors significantly associated with local recurrence-free survival (LRFS) and overall survival (OS). Finally, we constructed a nomogram combining the Immunoscore with clinicopathologic features to predict postoperative recurrence and OS. Results The present study showed that immune cell infiltration was negatively correlated with tumor size, peripheral vascular invasion, lymph node metastasis, and tumor staging. Kaplan-Meier curves indicated that a decreased Immunoscore was associated with poor prognosis. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that resection type, number of tumors, lymph node metastasis, TNM staging, and the Immunoscore were significantly associated with LRFS. For OS, the significantly correlated factors included resection type, peripheral vascular invasion, TNM staging, and the Immunoscore. Immunoscore was superior to TNM staging in predicting both LRFS and OS according to the receiver operating characteristic analysis. Based on the results of the Cox regression analysis, a prognostic nomogram for the postoperative recurrence of cholangiocarcinoma and OS of patients was established. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that the Immunoscore may be used as an independent predictor of postoperative recurrence and OS of patients with cholangiocarcinoma. The Immunoscore appears to offer distinct advantages over the TNM staging system. By combining the Immunoscore and clinicopathological features, the proposed nomogram provides a more accurate predictive tool for postoperative patients with cholangiocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-You Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Shen
- Shanghai Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan-Qing Yue
- Department of Pathology, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Yan Yao
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Lei Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Peng Jin
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Song Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Gong
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Chen Y, Tang WF, Lin H, Bao H, Li W, Wang A, Wu X, Su J, Lin JS, Shao YW, Yang XN, Wu YL, Zhong WZ. Wait-and-See Treatment Strategy Could be Considered for Lung Adenocarcinoma with Special Pleural Dissemination Lesions, and Low Genomic Instability Correlates with Better Survival. Ann Surg Oncol 2020; 27:3808-3818. [PMID: 32239339 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-020-08400-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of a wait-and-see strategy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with special pleural dissemination lesions (r-pM1a and s-pM1a). Furthermore, the study characterized genomic alternations about disease progression. METHODS For this study, 131 NSCLC patients with a diagnosis of pM1a were retrospectively selected. Survival differences were evaluated among patients treated with three different initial postoperative treatments: chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and wait-and-see strategy. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed on primary and metastatic tumors of 10 patients with dramatic progression and 13 patients with gradual progression. RESULTS The wait-and-see group showed better progression-free survival (PFS) than the chemotherapy group (p < 0.001) but PFS similar to that of targeted group (p = 0.984). This pattern persisted in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-positive patients. For patients with EGFR-negative/unknown status, PFS was longer in the wait-and-see group than in the two treatment groups. Furthermore, better overall survival (OS) was observed for the patients who received chemotherapy or targeted therapy after the wait-and-see strategy than for those who received chemotherapy or targeted therapy immediately. Lymph node status was an independent prognostic factor for PFS and OS. Finally, WES analysis showed that a high genomic instability index (GIS) and chromosome 18q loss were more common in metastatic tumors, and low GIS was significantly associated with better PFS (p = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS The wait-and-see strategy could be considered for special pM1a patients without lymph nodes metastasis, and patients with a low GIS may be suitable for this strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Fang Tang
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Huan Lin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua Bao
- Translational Medicine Research Institute, Geneseeq Technology Inc, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Wei Li
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ao Wang
- Translational Medicine Research Institute, Geneseeq Technology Inc, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Xue Wu
- Translational Medicine Research Institute, Geneseeq Technology Inc, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jian Su
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie-Shan Lin
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yang W Shao
- Translational Medicine Research Institute, Geneseeq Technology Inc, Toronto, ON, Canada
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xue-Ning Yang
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Long Wu
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Zhao Zhong
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
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Dhodapkar MV, Dhodapkar KM. Tissue-resident memory-like T cells in tumor immunity: Clinical implications. Semin Immunol 2020; 49:101415. [PMID: 33011063 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2020.101415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory (TRM) T cells are distinct population of non-circulating lymphocytes that play an important role in mediating regional immunity. TRM- like cells have now been identified as a component of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in several human tumors and correlate with outcome and response to immunotherapy. TRM cells have also been shown to mediate anti-tumor immunity in murine models. Biology of TRM cells has several implications for clinical cancer immunotherapy. Here we discuss newer insights into the biology of TRM T cells and discuss their implications for understanding the heterogeneity of immune microenvironment in tumors as well as improving the efficacy of cancer vaccines, immune-checkpoint blockade and adoptive cellular therapies in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhav V Dhodapkar
- Department of Hematology / Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Kavita M Dhodapkar
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States; Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.
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26
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Wang S, Lin Y, Xiong X, Wang L, Guo Y, Chen Y, Chen S, Wang G, Lin P, Chen H, Yeung SCJ, Bremer E, Zhang H. Low-Dose Metformin Reprograms the Tumor Immune Microenvironment in Human Esophageal Cancer: Results of a Phase II Clinical Trial. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:4921-4932. [PMID: 32646922 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) has an important impact on response to cancer immunotherapy using immune checkpoint inhibitors. Specifically, an "infiltrated-excluded"/"cold" TIME is predictive of poor response. The antidiabetic agent metformin may influence anticancer immunity in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We analyzed matched pre- and posttreatment ESCC specimens in a phase II clinical trial of low-dose metformin treatment (250 mg/day) to evaluate direct anti-ESCC activity and TIME reprogramming. Follow-up correlative studies using a carcinogen-induced ESCC mouse model were performed with short-term (1 week) or long-term (12 weeks) low-dose metformin (50 mg/kg/day) treatment. RESULTS In the clinical trial, low-dose metformin did not affect proliferation or apoptosis in ESCC tumors as assayed by Ki67 and cleaved caspase-3 immunostaining. However, metformin reprogrammed the TIME toward "infiltrated-inflamed" and increased the numbers of infiltrated CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte and CD20+ B lymphocyte. Further, an increase in tumor-suppressive (CD11c+) and a decrease in tumor-promoting (CD163+) macrophages were observed. Metformin augmented macrophage-mediated phagocytosis of ESCC cells in vitro. In the ESCC mouse model, short-term metformin treatment reprogrammed the TIME in a similar fashion to humans, whereas long-term treatment further shifted the TIME toward an active state (e.g., reduction in CD4+ FoxP3+ regulatory T cells) and inhibited ESCC growth. In both humans and mice, metformin triggered AMPK activation and STAT3 inactivation, and altered the production of effector cytokines (i.e., TNFα, IFNγ, and IL10) in the immune cells. CONCLUSIONS Low-dose metformin reprograms the TIME to an activated status and may be a suitable immune response modifier for further investigation in patients with ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, and Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, Jinan University Medical College, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yusheng Lin
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, and Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, Jinan University Medical College, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Xiao Xiong
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, and Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, Jinan University Medical College, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, and Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, Jinan University Medical College, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Guo
- Endoscopy Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuping Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaobin Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Geng Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Peng Lin
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, and Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, Jinan University Medical College, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongcai Chen
- Department of Immunotherapy and Gastrointestinal Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sai-Ching Jim Yeung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Edwin Bremer
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, and Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, Jinan University Medical College, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Kunimasa K, Hirotsu Y, Miyashita Y, Goto T, Amemiya K, Mochizuki H, Samamoto I, Ohki T, Oyama T, Honma K, Imamura F, Nishino K, Kumagai T, Omata M. Multiregional sequence revealed SMARCA4 R1192C mutant clones acquired EGFR C797S mutation in the metastatic site of an EGFR-mutated NSCLC patient. Lung Cancer 2020; 148:28-32. [PMID: 32777674 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2020.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) is reportedly involved in the clinical course and in the response to treatment, although the detailed mechanism underlying this effect remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of epithelial growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) treatment on ITH with an EGFR-mutated lung cancer patient using the multiregional sequence (MRS) analysis of surgical specimens both before and after EGFR-TKI treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed the MRS analysis of primary lung and resistant metastatic lesions, respectively through targeted sequencing, covering whole exons of 53 significantly mutated, lung cancer-associated genes. Through the comparison of primary lung and metastatic lesion mutation profiles, along with PyClone analysis of sequence data, we revealed the trajectory of resistant clones from a primary to metastatic site. RESULTS MRS revealed high ITH at the primary lung lesion and low ITH at the metastatic site, suggesting that the EGFR-TKI treatment followed an attenuated progression pattern. Tumor cell clones harboring EGFR G719S, L861R, SMARCA4 R1192C and KMT2D Q1139R mutations in the primary lesion metastasized and acquired the EGFR-TKI-resistant EGFR C797S mutation. CONCLUSION MRS revealed attenuated progression pattern and clonal evolution. In the case of high ITH with attenuated progression pattern, as observed in the present case, local treatment may be effective when oligometastasis emerged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kunimasa
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan; Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan.
| | - Yosuke Hirotsu
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyashita
- Lung Cancer and Respiratory Disease Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Taichiro Goto
- Lung Cancer and Respiratory Disease Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan; Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Amemiya
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Mochizuki
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Ikuko Samamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Takamasa Ohki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Mitsui Memorial Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshio Oyama
- Department of Pathology, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Honma
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fumio Imamura
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazumi Nishino
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toru Kumagai
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masao Omata
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan; The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Kang N, Eccleston M, Clermont PL, Latarani M, Male DK, Wang Y, Crea F. EZH2 inhibition: a promising strategy to prevent cancer immune editing. Epigenomics 2020; 12:1457-1476. [PMID: 32938196 PMCID: PMC7607396 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2020-0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies are revolutionizing the clinical management of a wide range of cancers. However, intrinsic or acquired unresponsiveness to immunotherapies does occur due to the dynamic cancer immunoediting which ultimately leads to immune escape. The evolutionarily conserved histone modifier enhancer of zeste 2 (EZH2) is aberrantly overexpressed in a number of human cancers. Accumulating studies indicate that EZH2 is a main driver of cancer cells' immunoediting and mediate immune escape through downregulating immune recognition and activation, upregulating immune checkpoints and creating an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. In this review, we overviewed the roles of EZH2 in cancer immunoediting, the preclinical and clinical studies of current pharmacologic EZH2 inhibitors and the prospects for EZH2 inhibitor and immunotherapy combination for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Kang
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Research Centre, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Mark Eccleston
- Belgian Volition SPRL, Parc Scientifique Créalys, Rue Phocas Lejeune 22, BE-5032 Isnes, Belgium
| | - Pier-Luc Clermont
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, 1050, avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Maryam Latarani
- Cancer Research Group, School of Life Health & Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
| | - David Kingsley Male
- Cancer Research Group, School of Life Health & Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Research Centre, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, The Vancouver Prostate Centre, The University of British Columbia, 2660 Oak St, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Francesco Crea
- Cancer Research Group, School of Life Health & Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
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Zhao L, Liu Y, Liu Y, Zhang M, Zhang X. Microfluidic Control of Tumor and Stromal Cell Spheroids Pairing and Merging for Three-Dimensional Metastasis Study. Anal Chem 2020; 92:7638-7645. [PMID: 32374153 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional cell culture provides an efficient way to simulate the in vivo tumorigenic microenvironment where tumor-stroma interaction intrinsically plays a pivotal role. Conventional three-dimensional (3D) culture is inadequate to address precise coexistential heterogeneous pairing and quantitative measurement in a parallel algorithm format. Herein, we implemented a set of microwell array microfluidic devices to study the cell spheroids-based tumor-stromal metastatic process in vitro. This approach enables accurate one-to-one pairing between tumor and fibroblast spheroid for dissecting 3D tumor invasion in the manner of high-content imaging. On one single device, 240 addressable tumor-stroma pairings can be formed with convenient pipetting and centrifugation within a small area of 1 cm2. Consequential confocal imaging analysis disclosed that the tumor spheroid could envelop the fibroblast spheroid. Specific chemicals can effectively hamper or promote this 3D metastasis. Due to the addressable time-resolved measurements of the merging process of hundreds of doublets, our approach allows us to decipher the metastatic phenotype between different tumor spheroids. Compared with traditional protocols, massive heterogeneous cellular spheroids pairing and merging using this method is well-defined with microfluidic control, which leads to a favorable high-content tumor-stroma doublet metastasis analysis. This simple technique will be a useful tool for investigating heterotypic spheroid-spheroid interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhao
- Institute of Precision Medicine and Health, Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China, 100083
| | - Yingying Liu
- Institute of Precision Medicine and Health, Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China, 100083
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Precision Medicine and Health, Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China, 100083
| | - Meiqin Zhang
- Institute of Precision Medicine and Health, Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China, 100083
| | - Xueji Zhang
- Institute of Precision Medicine and Health, Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China, 100083
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Zhang D, Shi R, Xiang W, Kang X, Tang B, Li C, Gao L, Zhang X, Zhang L, Dai R, Miao H. The Agpat4/LPA axis in colorectal cancer cells regulates antitumor responses via p38/p65 signaling in macrophages. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:24. [PMID: 32296017 PMCID: PMC7099097 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-0117-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolic reprogramming plays an essential role in regulating the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the effect of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) metabolism on CRC development is incompletely characterized. Here, we compared the mRNA levels of human CRC tissues to those of paracarcinoma tissues and focused on the notably enriched LPA metabolic pathways. We identified and verified that 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 4 (Agpat4) was aberrantly expressed in CRC tissues and predicted poor survival in CRC patients. Manipulating Agpat4 expression in CRC cells did not affect the growth or migration of CRC cells in vitro, whereas Agpat4 silencing suppressed CRC cell growth in subcutaneous and peritoneal xenograft models. Mechanistically, Agpat4 silencing-induced LPA release from CRC cells and polarized macrophages to an M1-like phenotype through LPA receptors 1 and 3. This M1 activation, characterized by elevated p38/p65 signaling and increased proinflammatory cytokines, promoted the infiltration and activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the tumor microenvironment. Modulation of the Agpat4/LPA/p38/p65 axis regulated macrophage polarization, T-cell activity and CRC progression. Notably, combined therapy with LPA and regular chemotherapy drugs synergistically suppressed CRC development. Taken together, our results showed that the Agpat4/LPA axis in CRC cells regulated p38/p65 signaling-dependent macrophage polarization, T-cell activation, and CRC progression. The Agpat4/LPA/p38/p65 axis might represent a potential target for therapy in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Rongchen Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Wei Xiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xia Kang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Bo Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Chuan Li
- Department of General Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Linfeng Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Military Psychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Rongyang Dai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
| | - Hongming Miao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
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Galon J, Lanzi A. Immunoscore and its introduction in clinical practice. THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE ITALIAN ASSOCIATION OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE (AIMN) [AND] THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF RADIOPHARMACOLOGY (IAR), [AND] SECTION OF THE SOCIETY OF RADIOPHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2020; 64:152-161. [PMID: 32107902 DOI: 10.23736/s1824-4785.20.03249-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Current cancer classification is based on intrinsic tumor parameters such as characteristic of tumor cells, tumor progression, tumor invasion and the presence of distant metastases, as summarized by the AJCC/UICC-TNM stratification system. There is currently no immune-based classification of cancer. We provided evidence that the immune contexture, as defined by the type, density, functional immune orientation and the location of immune cells within tumor, strongly influences the outcome of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. To translate this information to the clinic, we developed an immunohistochemistry and digital pathology-based assay named Immunoscore that allows the quantification of two T cell subsets (CD3 and CD8) in two tumor regions (core and invasive margin of tumors). We have demonstrated that the standardized consensus Immunoscore has a prognostic value superior and independent to the one of the traditional TNM system in an international study in stage I-III colon cancer patients, therefore validating the Immunoscore as the first immune-based scoring system. In additional analyses, we showed the prognostic value of Immunoscore for stage II-IV CRC patients, as well as the predictive value of Immunoscore in stage III colon cancer patients. The Immunoscore may help predict and stratify patients who will benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. Moreover, the Immunoscore allows the classification of tumors from hot to cold categories, and could consequently guide clinical decision for the choice of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Galon
- Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Sorbonne University, Paris, France - .,Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France -
| | - Anastasia Lanzi
- Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Sorbonne University, Paris, France.,Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France
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32
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Bo X, Wang J, Wang C, Nan L, Gao Z, Xin Y, Li M, Shen S, Liu H, Ni X, Suo T, Zhang D, Lu P, Wang Y, Liu H. High infiltration of mast cells is associated with improved response to adjuvant chemotherapy in gallbladder cancer. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:817-825. [PMID: 31925976 PMCID: PMC7060478 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have reported that tumor‐infiltrating mast cells (TIM) play an important role in tumor regression, but the effect of TIM in gallbladder cancer (GBC) remains unclear. The present study aims to investigate the prognostic value of TIM in GBC patients and its responsiveness to gemcitabine‐based adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT). A total of 298 GBC patients from Zhongshan Hospital were recruited for this study. TIM infiltration was measured by immunohistochemical staining. Accumulation of TIM is significantly associated with prolonged overall survival in GBC patients. The benefit from gemcitabine‐based ACT was superior among patients with high infiltration of TIM with GBC. Multivariate analysis identified TIM infiltration as an independent prognostic factor for overall survival. A heatmap showed that TIM‐activated gene signatures were positively correlated with CD8+ T cells' gene signatures. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) suggested that TIM was related to multiple T cell‐related processes and signaling pathways, including the interferon gamma signaling pathway and the leukocyte migration signaling pathway. It was confirmed that CD8+ T cell infiltration was positively correlated with high TIM infiltration in tissue microarray (TMA), suggesting that TIM infiltration was linked to the immune surveillance in GBC. TIM can be used as an independent prognostic factor and a predictor of therapeutic response of gemcitabine‐based ACT in GBC patients, which may mediate immune surveillance by recruiting and activating CD8+ T cells in GBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Bo
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Biliary tract disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Biliary tract disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changcheng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Biliary tract disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingxi Nan
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Biliary tract disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihui Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Biliary tract disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanlei Xin
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Biliary tract disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Biliary tract disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Biliary tract disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Biliary tract disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoling Ni
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Biliary tract disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Suo
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Biliary tract disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dexiang Zhang
- General Surgery Department, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pinxiang Lu
- General Surgery Department, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yueqi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Biliary tract disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Houbao Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Biliary tract disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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33
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Kunimasa K, Goto T. Immunosurveillance and Immunoediting of Lung Cancer: Current Perspectives and Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E597. [PMID: 31963413 PMCID: PMC7014343 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system plays a dual role in tumor evolution-it can identify and control nascent tumor cells in a process called immunosurveillance and can promote tumor progression through immunosuppression via various mechanisms. Thus, bilateral host-protective and tumor-promoting actions of immunity are integrated as cancer immunoediting. In this decade, immune checkpoint inhibitors, specifically programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) pathway inhibitors, have changed the treatment paradigm of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). These agents are approved for the treatment of patients with NSCLC and demonstrate impressive clinical activity and durable responses in some patients. However, for many NSCLC patients, the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors is limited. To optimize the full utility of the immune system for eradicating cancer, a broader understanding of cancer immunosurveillance and immunoediting is essential. In this review, we discuss the fundamental knowledge of the phenomena and provide an overview of the next-generation immunotherapies in the pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kunimasa
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka 541-8567, Japan;
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi 400-8506, Japan
| | - Taichiro Goto
- Lung Cancer and Respiratory Disease Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi 400-8506, Japan
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34
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Losic B, Craig AJ, Villacorta-Martin C, Martins-Filho SN, Akers N, Chen X, Ahsen ME, von Felden J, Labgaa I, DʹAvola D, Allette K, Lira SA, Furtado GC, Garcia-Lezana T, Restrepo P, Stueck A, Ward SC, Fiel MI, Hiotis SP, Gunasekaran G, Sia D, Schadt EE, Sebra R, Schwartz M, Llovet JM, Thung S, Stolovitzky G, Villanueva A. Intratumoral heterogeneity and clonal evolution in liver cancer. Nat Commun 2020; 11:291. [PMID: 31941899 PMCID: PMC6962317 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14050-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Clonal evolution of a tumor ecosystem depends on different selection pressures that are principally immune and treatment mediated. We integrate RNA-seq, DNA sequencing, TCR-seq and SNP array data across multiple regions of liver cancer specimens to map spatio-temporal interactions between cancer and immune cells. We investigate how these interactions reflect intra-tumor heterogeneity (ITH) by correlating regional neo-epitope and viral antigen burden with the regional adaptive immune response. Regional expression of passenger mutations dominantly recruits adaptive responses as opposed to hepatitis B virus and cancer-testis antigens. We detect different clonal expansion of the adaptive immune system in distant regions of the same tumor. An ITH-based gene signature improves single-biopsy patient survival predictions and an expression survey of 38,553 single cells across 7 regions of 2 patients further reveals heterogeneity in liver cancer. These data quantify transcriptomic ITH and how the different components of the HCC ecosystem interact during cancer evolution. Immune-mediated selection pressures impact the clonal evolution of tumours. Here, in hepatocellular carcinoma the authors map spatio-temporal interactions between tumor and immune cells, highlighting the regulatory substrate of intra-tumoural heterogeneity that correlates with regional adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojan Losic
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Cancer Immunology Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amanda J Craig
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carlos Villacorta-Martin
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sebastiao N Martins-Filho
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nicholas Akers
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Cancer Immunology Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Xintong Chen
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Cancer Immunology Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mehmet E Ahsen
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Cancer Immunology Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Johann von Felden
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ismail Labgaa
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Visceral Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Delia DʹAvola
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Liver Unit and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Kimaada Allette
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Cancer Immunology Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sergio A Lira
- Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Glaucia C Furtado
- Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Teresa Garcia-Lezana
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paula Restrepo
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Cancer Immunology Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ashley Stueck
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Stephen C Ward
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria I Fiel
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Spiros P Hiotis
- Department of Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ganesh Gunasekaran
- Department of Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniela Sia
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric E Schadt
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Sema4, a Mount Sinai venture, Stamford, CT, USA
| | - Robert Sebra
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Cancer Immunology Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Sema4, a Mount Sinai venture, Stamford, CT, USA
| | - Myron Schwartz
- Department of Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Josep M Llovet
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Liver Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, BCLC Group, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Swan Thung
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gustavo Stolovitzky
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Cancer Immunology Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York, NY, USA
| | - Augusto Villanueva
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. .,Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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35
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Galon J, Bruni D. The Role of the Immune Infiltrate in Distinct Cancer Types and Its Clinical Implications : Lymphocytic Infiltration in Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Treat Res 2020; 180:197-211. [PMID: 32215871 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-38862-1_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents a major public health challenges, with one of the highest incidences worldwide. The two affected anatomical sites in CRC, i.e. the colon and the rectum, share important underlying features, but often differ in terms of therapeutic management. Current guidelines for CRC define its clinical stratification according to classical, tumor cell-based and pathological parameters. Novel ground-breaking findings in the recent years revealed the prominent role of the immune system in shaping CRC development. This chapter provides a detailed overview of the main genomic and immune features driving (or hampering) CRC progression, with a focus on the main immune cells and factors shaping its evolution. Furthermore, we discuss how tumor-infiltrating immunity could be leveraged both for therapeutic and stratification purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Galon
- INSERM Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Sorbonne Université, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006, Paris, France.
| | - Daniela Bruni
- INSERM Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Sorbonne Université, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006, Paris, France
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36
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Greten FR, Grivennikov SI. Inflammation and Cancer: Triggers, Mechanisms, and Consequences. Immunity 2019; 51:27-41. [PMID: 31315034 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1967] [Impact Index Per Article: 393.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation predisposes to the development of cancer and promotes all stages of tumorigenesis. Cancer cells, as well as surrounding stromal and inflammatory cells, engage in well-orchestrated reciprocal interactions to form an inflammatory tumor microenvironment (TME). Cells within the TME are highly plastic, continuously changing their phenotypic and functional characteristics. Here, we review the origins of inflammation in tumors, and the mechanisms whereby inflammation drives tumor initiation, growth, progression, and metastasis. We discuss how tumor-promoting inflammation closely resembles inflammatory processes typically found during development, immunity, maintenance of tissue homeostasis, or tissue repair and illuminate the distinctions between tissue-protective and pro-tumorigenic inflammation, including spatiotemporal considerations. Defining the cornerstone rules of engagement governing molecular and cellular mechanisms of tumor-promoting inflammation will be essential for further development of anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian R Greten
- Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Georg-Speyer-Haus, 60596 Frankfurt/Main, Germany; Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60596 Frankfurt/Main, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Sergei I Grivennikov
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA.
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37
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Chiodoni C, Cancila V, Renzi TA, Perrone M, Tomirotti AM, Sangaletti S, Botti L, Dugo M, Milani M, Bongiovanni L, Marrale M, Tripodo C, Colombo MP. Transcriptional Profiles and Stromal Changes Reveal Bone Marrow Adaptation to Early Breast Cancer in Association with Deregulated Circulating microRNAs. Cancer Res 2019; 80:484-498. [PMID: 31776132 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-1425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The presence of a growing tumor establishes a chronic state of inflammation that acts locally and systemically. Bone marrow responds to stress signals by expanding myeloid cells endowed with immunosuppressive functions, further fostering tumor growth and dissemination. How early in transformation the cross-talk with the bone marrow begins and becomes detectable in blood is unknown. Here, gene expression profiling of the bone marrow along disease progression in a spontaneous model of mammary carcinogenesis demonstrates that transcriptional modifications in the hematopoietic compartment occurred as early as preinvasive disease stages. The transcriptional profile showed downregulation of adaptive immunity and induction of programs related to innate immunity and response to danger signals triggered by activating transcription factor 3. Transcriptional reprogramming was paralleled by the expansion of myeloid populations at the expense of erythroid and B lymphoid fractions. Hematopoietic changes were associated with modifications of the bone marrow stromal architecture through relocalization and increased density in the interstitial area of Nestin+ mesenchymal cells expressing CXCL12 and myeloid cells expressing CXCL12 receptor CXCR4. These early events were concomitant with deregulation of circulating miRNAs, which were predicted regulators of transcripts downregulated in the bone marrow and involved in lymphoid differentiation and activation. These data provide a link between sensing of peripheral cancer initiation by the bone marrow and hematopoietic adaptation to distant noxia through transcriptional rewiring toward innate/inflammatory response programs. SIGNIFICANCE: The bone marrow senses distant tissue transformation at premalignant/preinvasive stages, suggesting that circulating messengers, intercepted in the blood, could serve as early diagnostic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Chiodoni
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Cancila
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Human Pathology Section, University of Palermo School of Medicine, Palermo, Italy
| | - Tiziana A Renzi
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Milena Perrone
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea M Tomirotti
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Sabina Sangaletti
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Botti
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Dugo
- Platform of Integrated Biology - Bioinformatics, Department of Applied Research and Technology Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Milani
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Bongiovanni
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Human Pathology Section, University of Palermo School of Medicine, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maurizio Marrale
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Claudio Tripodo
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Human Pathology Section, University of Palermo School of Medicine, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario P Colombo
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
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38
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Masoodi T, Siraj AK, Siraj S, Azam S, Qadri Z, Parvathareddy SK, Al-Sobhi SS, AlDawish M, Alkuraya FS, Al-Kuraya KS. Evolution and Impact of Subclonal Mutations in Papillary Thyroid Cancer. Am J Hum Genet 2019; 105:959-973. [PMID: 31668701 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Unlike many cancers, the pattern of tumor evolution in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and its potential role in relapse have not been elucidated. In this study, multi-region whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed on early-stage PTC tumors (n = 257 tumor regions) from 79 individuals, including 17 who had developed relapse, to understand the temporal and spatial framework within which subclonal mutations catalyze tumor evolution and its potential clinical relevance. Paired primary-relapse tumor tissues were also available for a subset of individuals. The resulting catalog of variants was analyzed to explore evolutionary histories, define clonal and subclonal events, and assess the relationship between intra-tumor heterogeneity and relapse-free survival. The multi-region WES approach was key in correctly classifying subclonal mutations, 40% of which would have otherwise been erroneously considered clonal. We observed both linear and branching evolution patterns in our PTC cohort. A higher burden of subclonal mutations was significantly associated with increased risk of relapse. We conclude that relapse in PTC, while generally rare, does not follow a predictable evolutionary path and that subclonal mutation burden may serve as a prognostic factor. Larger studies utilizing multi-region sequencing in relapsed PTC case subjects with matching primary tissues are needed to confirm these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Masoodi
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, PO Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul K Siraj
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, PO Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Siraj
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, PO Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saud Azam
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, PO Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeeshan Qadri
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, PO Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sandeep K Parvathareddy
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, PO Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saif S Al-Sobhi
- Department of Surgery, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, PO Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed AlDawish
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, PO Box 261370, Riyadh 11342, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fowzan S Alkuraya
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, PO Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Khawla S Al-Kuraya
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, PO Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia.
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39
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Krysan K, Tran LM, Grimes BS, Fishbein GA, Seki A, Gardner BK, Walser TC, Salehi-Rad R, Yanagawa J, Lee JM, Sharma S, Aberle DR, Spira AE, Elashoff DA, Wallace WD, Fishbein MC, Dubinett SM. The Immune Contexture Associates with the Genomic Landscape in Lung Adenomatous Premalignancy. Cancer Res 2019; 79:5022-5033. [PMID: 31142513 PMCID: PMC6774823 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial cells in the field of lung injury can give rise to distinct premalignant lesions that may bear unique genetic aberrations. A subset of these lesions may escape immune surveillance and progress to invasive cancer; however, the mutational landscape that may predict progression has not been determined. Knowledge of premalignant lesion composition and the associated microenvironment is critical for understanding tumorigenesis and the development of effective preventive and interception strategies. To identify somatic mutations and the extent of immune cell infiltration in adenomatous premalignancy and associated lung adenocarcinomas, we sequenced exomes from 41 lung cancer resection specimens, including 89 premalignant atypical adenomatous hyperplasia lesions, 15 adenocarcinomas in situ, and 55 invasive adenocarcinomas and their adjacent normal lung tissues. We defined nonsynonymous somatic mutations occurring in both premalignancy and the associated tumor as progression-associated mutations whose predicted neoantigens were highly correlated with infiltration of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells as well as upregulation of PD-L1 in premalignant lesions, suggesting the presence of an adaptive immune response to these neoantigens. Each patient had a unique repertoire of somatic mutations and associated neoantigens. Collectively, these results provide evidence for mutational heterogeneity, pathway dysregulation, and immune recognition in pulmonary premalignancy.Significance: These findings identify progression-associated somatic mutations, oncogenic pathways, and association between the mutational landscape and adaptive immune responses in adenomatous premalignancy.See related commentary by Merrick, p. 4811.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostyantyn Krysan
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California. .,VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
| | - Linh M Tran
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Brandon S Grimes
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Gregory A Fishbein
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Atsuko Seki
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Brian K Gardner
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Tonya C Walser
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ramin Salehi-Rad
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California.,VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jane Yanagawa
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jay M Lee
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sherven Sharma
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
| | - Denise R Aberle
- Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Arum E Spira
- Department of Medicine and Boston University-BMC Cancer Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David A Elashoff
- Department of Biostatistics and Biomathematics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - William D Wallace
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Michael C Fishbein
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Steven M Dubinett
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California. .,VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
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40
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Mao H. Clinical relevance of mutant-allele tumor heterogeneity and lung adenocarcinoma. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:432. [PMID: 31700868 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.08.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Intra-tumor heterogeneity (ITH) plays an important role in the progressing of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). We used a mutant-allele tumor heterogeneity (MATH) algorithm to measure ITH and the correlation between ITH and clinical parameters and its prognosis. Methods We assessed 230 LUAD patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We calculated the MATH values from whole-exome sequencing data and further investigated their correlation with clinical characteristics. Results The patients were divided into low and high MATH groups. People with high MATH were more likely to be female, smoking and EGFR mutation. And a high MATH may predict a poor prognosis. Conclusions MATH is a new method for describing the internal heterogeneity of tumors in lung cancer. We used TCGA data to demonstrate that groups with higher MATH values are more likely to be female, smoker and EGFR mutations, and may have a poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengyu Mao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
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41
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Welch DR, Hurst DR. Defining the Hallmarks of Metastasis. Cancer Res 2019; 79:3011-3027. [PMID: 31053634 PMCID: PMC6571042 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-0458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 379] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is the primary cause of cancer morbidity and mortality. The process involves a complex interplay between intrinsic tumor cell properties as well as interactions between cancer cells and multiple microenvironments. The outcome is the development of a nearby or distant discontiguous secondary mass. To successfully disseminate, metastatic cells acquire properties in addition to those necessary to become neoplastic. Heterogeneity in mechanisms involved, routes of dissemination, redundancy of molecular pathways that can be utilized, and the ability to piggyback on the actions of surrounding stromal cells makes defining the hallmarks of metastasis extraordinarily challenging. Nonetheless, this review identifies four distinguishing features that are required: motility and invasion, ability to modulate the secondary site or local microenvironments, plasticity, and ability to colonize secondary tissues. By defining these first principles of metastasis, we provide the means for focusing efforts on the aspects of metastasis that will improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny R Welch
- Department of Cancer Biology and The University of Kansas Cancer Center, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.
| | - Douglas R Hurst
- Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
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42
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Khoo BL, Grenci G, Lim JSY, Lim YP, Fong J, Yeap WH, Bin Lim S, Chua SL, Wong SC, Yap YS, Lee SC, Lim CT, Han J. Low-dose anti-inflammatory combinatorial therapy reduced cancer stem cell formation in patient-derived preclinical models for tumour relapse prevention. Br J Cancer 2019; 120:407-423. [PMID: 30713340 PMCID: PMC6461953 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-018-0301-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Emergence of drug-resistant cancer phenotypes is a challenge for anti-cancer therapy. Cancer stem cells are identified as one of the ways by which chemoresistance develops. Method We investigated the anti-inflammatory combinatorial treatment (DA) of doxorubicin and aspirin using a preclinical microfluidic model on cancer cell lines and patient-derived circulating tumour cell clusters. The model had been previously demonstrated to predict patient overall prognosis. Results We demonstrated that low-dose aspirin with a sub-optimal dose of doxorubicin for 72 h could generate higher killing efficacy and enhanced apoptosis. Seven days of DA treatment significantly reduced the proportion of cancer stem cells and colony-forming ability. DA treatment delayed the inhibition of interleukin-6 secretion, which is mediated by both COX-dependent and independent pathways. The response of patients varied due to clinical heterogeneity, with 62.5% and 64.7% of samples demonstrating higher killing efficacy or reduction in cancer stem cell (CSC) proportions after DA treatment, respectively. These results highlight the importance of using patient-derived models for drug discovery. Conclusions This preclinical proof of concept seeks to reduce the onset of CSCs generated post treatment by stressful stimuli. Our study will promote a better understanding of anti-inflammatory treatments for cancer and reduce the risk of relapse in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bee Luan Khoo
- BioSystems and Micromechanics IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Centre, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Gianluca Grenci
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joey Sze Yun Lim
- BioSystems and Micromechanics IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yan Ping Lim
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - July Fong
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Hseun Yeap
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Su Bin Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences & Engineering (NGS), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Song Lin Chua
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siew Cheng Wong
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yoon-Sim Yap
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Soo Chin Lee
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- BioSystems and Micromechanics IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Centre, Singapore, Singapore.,Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Biomedical Institute for Global Health Research and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jongyoon Han
- BioSystems and Micromechanics IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Centre, Singapore, Singapore. .,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
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43
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Sato K, Niida A, Masuda T, Shimizu D, Tobo T, Kuroda Y, Eguchi H, Nakagawa T, Suzuki Y, Mimori K. Multiregion Genomic Analysis of Serially Transplanted Patient-derived Xenograft Tumors. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2019; 16:21-27. [PMID: 30587497 PMCID: PMC6348396 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH) is a major cause underlying therapeutic difficulty of cancer. Although an understanding of ITH is critically important in order to develop novel therapeutic strategies, experimental models that enable the examination of ITH in a time series are lacking. MATERIALS AND METHODS We developed an experimental approach based on patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mice and a multiregional sequencing approach (MRA). The multiple regions of primary colorectal cancer (CRC) and serially transplanted PDX tumors were analyzed via whole-exome sequencing and bioinformatic analyses. RESULTS Our PDX-MRA of CRC indicated the spatiotemporal genetic transition of ITH. It was found that the subclonal architecture of CRC dynamically changes during serial transplantation. Furthermore, our data suggest that environmental selective pressures drive the development of minor pre-existing subclones in PDX-MRA. CONCLUSION PDX-MRA is a useful tool for understanding the spatiotemporal dynamics of ITH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuniaki Sato
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Oita, Japan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Niida
- Division of Health Medical Computational Science, Health Intelligence Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takaaki Masuda
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Oita, Japan
| | - Dai Shimizu
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Oita, Japan
| | - Taro Tobo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Oita, Japan
| | - Yousuke Kuroda
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Oita, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Eguchi
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Oita, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakagawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Koshi Mimori
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Oita, Japan
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44
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Orlando E, Aebersold R. On the contribution of mass spectrometry-based platforms to the field of personalized oncology. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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45
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Chen W, Qin Y, Liu S. Cytokines, breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) and chemoresistance. Clin Transl Med 2018; 7:27. [PMID: 30175384 PMCID: PMC6119679 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-018-0205-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy resistance of breast cancer poses a great challenge to the survival of patients. During breast cancer treatment, the development of intrinsic and acquired drug resistance tends to further induce adverse prognosis, such as metastasis. In recent years, the progress of research on cytokine-modulated tumor microenvironment and breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) has shed light on defining the mechanisms of drug resistance gradually. In this review, we have discussed cytokine regulation on breast cancer chemoresistance. Cytokines can affect tumor cell behavior or reprogram tumor niche through specific signaling pathways, thereby regulating the progress of drug resistance. In addition, we summarized the mutually regulatory networks between cytokines and BCSCs in mediating chemoresistance. Cytokines in the tumor microenvironment can regulate the self-renewal and survival of BCSCs in a variety of ways, sequentially promoting chemotherapeutic resistance. Therefore, the combinational treatment of BCSC targeting and cytokine blockade may have a positive effect on the clinical treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilong Chen
- School of Life Science, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
| | - Yuanyuan Qin
- School of Life Science, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
| | - Suling Liu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism; Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai Medical College; Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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46
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McCloskey CW, Rodriguez GM, Galpin KJC, Vanderhyden BC. Ovarian Cancer Immunotherapy: Preclinical Models and Emerging Therapeutics. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10080244. [PMID: 30049987 PMCID: PMC6115831 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10080244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has emerged as one of the most promising approaches for ovarian cancer treatment. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a key factor to consider when stimulating antitumoral responses as it consists largely of tumor promoting immunosuppressive cell types that attenuate antitumor immunity. As our understanding of the determinants of the TME composition grows, we have begun to appreciate the need to address both inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity, mutation/neoantigen burden, immune landscape, and stromal cell contributions. The majority of immunotherapy studies in ovarian cancer have been performed using the well-characterized murine ID8 ovarian carcinoma model. Numerous other animal models of ovarian cancer exist, but have been underutilized because of their narrow initial characterizations in this context. Here, we describe animal models that may be untapped resources for the immunotherapy field because of their shared genomic alterations and histopathology with human ovarian cancer. We also shed light on the strengths and limitations of these models, and the knowledge gaps that need to be addressed to enhance the utility of preclinical models for testing novel immunotherapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis W McCloskey
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.
| | - Galaxia M Rodriguez
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.
| | - Kristianne J C Galpin
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.
| | - Barbara C Vanderhyden
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.
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47
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López JI, Pulido R, Cortés JM, Angulo JC, Lawrie CH. Potential impact of PD-L1 (SP-142) immunohistochemical heterogeneity in clear cell renal cell carcinoma immunotherapy. Pathol Res Pract 2018; 214:1110-1114. [PMID: 29910061 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) detection remains a challenge in modern oncology because it can have a direct impact on the success of new therapies. Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy is an emerging treatment modality that is showing great promise for clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) patients with advanced disease. Patient selection for such therapy relies upon the immunohistochemical detection of PD-1/PD-L1, however the degree of ITH for these markers among tumor cells and/or inflammatory mononuclear infiltrates remains unknown. Therefore, we analyzed PD-L1 (SP-142) expression in the tumor inflammatory cells of 22 CCRCC cases with the aim to define the pattern of PD-L1 expression, and to compare the reliability of current tumor sampling protocols (RS) with a multisite tumor sampling strategy (MSTS). While the RS protocol identified 5/22 (22.7%) of cases that were positive for PD-L1 expression, MSTS identified 10/22 (45.45%) of cases. This suggests that RS may miss a proportion of CCRCC patients that might benefit from immunotherapy. In addition, MSTS demonstrated that positive and negative regions of PD-L1 expression are very variable within each tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- José I López
- Department of Pathology, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain; Biomarkers in Cancer Unit, Biocruces Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain; Department of Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.
| | - Rafael Pulido
- Biomarkers in Cancer Unit, Biocruces Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain; IKERBASQUE, The Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Jesús M Cortés
- IKERBASQUE, The Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain; Quantitative Biomedicine Unit, Biocruces Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain; Department of Cell Biology and Histology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Javier C Angulo
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Getafe, Getafe, Madrid, Spain; Clinical Department, European University of Madrid, Laureate Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Charles H Lawrie
- IKERBASQUE, The Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain; Molecular Oncology, Biodonostia Research Institute, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; Department of Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain; Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
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48
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Zeng Y, Chen X, Wang X. Roles of Single Cell Systems Biomedicine in Lung Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1068:177-185. [PMID: 29943305 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-0502-3_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Single cell sequencing is important to detect the gene heterogeneity between cells, as the part of single-cell systems biology which combines computational science, mathematical modelling and high-throughput technologies with biological function and organization in the cell. We initially arise the question how to integrate the outcomes of single-cell systems biology with clinical phenotype, interpret alterations of single-cell gene sequencing and function in patient response to therapies, and understand the significance of single-cell systems biology in the discovery and development of new molecular diagnostics and therapeutics. The present review furthermore focuses the significance of singe cell systems biology in respiratory diseases and calls the special attention from scientists who are working on single cell systems biology to improve the diagnosis and therapy for patients with lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Zeng
- Department of Respiratory Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China.
| | - Xiaoyang Chen
- Department of Respiratory Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- Department of Respiratory Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China.
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