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Rajamanickam K, Leela V, Suganya G, Basha SH, Parthiban M, Visha P, Elango A. Thermal cum lipopolysaccharide-induced stress challenge downregulates functional response of bovine monocyte-derived macrophages. J Therm Biol 2022; 108:103301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Ortiz G, Chao C, Jamali A, Seyed-Razavi Y, Kenyon B, Harris DL, Zoukhri D, Hamrah P. Effect of Dry Eye Disease on the Kinetics of Lacrimal Gland Dendritic Cells as Visualized by Intravital Multi-Photon Microscopy. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1713. [PMID: 32903439 PMCID: PMC7434984 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The lacrimal gland (LG) is the main source of the tear film aqueous layer and its dysfunction results in dry eye disease (DED), a chronic immune-mediated disorder of the ocular surface. The desiccating stress (DS) murine model that mimics human DED, results in LG dysfunction, immune cell infiltration, and consequently insufficient tear production. To date, the immune cell kinetics in DED are poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to develop a murine model of intravital multi-photon microscopy (IV-MPM) for the LG, and to investigate the migratory kinetics and 3D morphological properties of conventional dendritic cells (cDCs), the professional antigen presenting cells of the ocular surface, in DED. Mice were placed in a controlled environmental chamber with low humidity and increased airflow rate for 2 and 4 weeks to induce DED, while control naïve transgenic mice were housed under standard conditions. DED mice had significantly decreased tear secretion and increased fluorescein staining (p < 0.01) compared to naïve controls. Histological analysis of the LG exhibited infiltrating mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells (p < 0.05), as well as increased LG swelling (p < 0.001) in DED mice compared to controls. Immunofluorescence staining revealed increased density of cDCs in DED mice (p < 0.001). IV-MPM of the LG demonstrated increased density of cDCs in the LGs of DED mice, compared with controls (p < 0.001). cDCs were more spherical in DED at both time points compared to controls (p < 0.001); however, differences in surface area were found at 2 weeks in DED compared with naïve controls (p < 0.001). Similarly, 3D cell volume was significantly lower at 2 weeks in DED vs. the naïve controls (p < 0.001). 3D instantaneous velocity and mean track speed were significantly higher in DED compared to naïve mice (p < 0.001). Finally, the meandering index, an index for directionality, was significant increased at 4 weeks after DED compared with controls and 2 weeks of DED (p < 0.001). Our IV-MPM study sheds light into the 3D morphological alterations and cDC kinetics in the LG during DED. While in naïve LGs, cDCs exhibit a more dendritic morphology and are less motile, they became more spherical with enhanced motility during DED. This study shows that IV-MPM represents a robust tool to study immune cell trafficking and kinetics in the LG, which might elucidate cellular alterations in immunological diseases, such as DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Ortiz
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Cecilia Chao
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Arsia Jamali
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yashar Seyed-Razavi
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Brendan Kenyon
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.,Program in Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Deshea L Harris
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Driss Zoukhri
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Comprehensive Care, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Pedram Hamrah
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.,Program in Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States.,Program in Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
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3
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Seyed-Razavi Y, Lopez MJ, Mantopoulos D, Zheng L, Massberg S, Sendra VG, Harris DL, Hamrah P. Kinetics of corneal leukocytes by intravital multiphoton microscopy. FASEB J 2019; 33:2199-2211. [PMID: 30226811 PMCID: PMC6338630 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800684rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Corneal immune privilege is integral in maintaining the clear avascular window to the foreign world. The presence of distinct populations of corneal leukocytes (CLs) in the normal cornea has been firmly established. However, their precise function and kinetics remain, as of yet, unclear. Through intravital multiphoton microscopy (IV-MPM), allowing the means to accumulate critical spatial and temporal cellular information, we provide details for long-term investigation of CL morphology and kinetics under steady state and following inflammation. Significant alterations in size and morphology of corneal CD11c+ dendritic cells (DCs) were noted following acute sterile inflammation, including cell volume (4364.4 ± 489.6 vs. 1787.6 ± 111.0 μm3, P < 0.001) and sphericity (0.82 ± 0.01 vs. 0.42 ± 0.02, P < 0.001) compared with steady state. Furthermore, IV-MPM analyses revealed alterations in both the CD11c+ DC and major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC)-II+ mature antigen-presenting cell population kinetics during inflammation, including track displacement length (CD11c: 16.57 ± 1.41 vs. 4.64 ± 0.56 μm, P < 0.001; MHC-II: 9.03 ± 0.37 vs. 4.09 ± 0.39, P < 0.001) and velocity (CD11c: 1.91 ± 0.07 μm/min vs. 1.73 ± 0.1302 μm/min; MHC-II: 2.97 ± 0.07 vs. 1.62 ± 0.08, P < 0.001) compared with steady state. Our results reveal in vivo evidence of sessile CL populations exhibiting dendritic morphology under steady state and increased velocity of spherical leukocytes following inflammation. IV-MPM represents a powerful tool to study leukocytes in corneal diseases in context.-Seyed-Razavi, Y., Lopez, M. J., Mantopoulos, D., Zheng, L., Massberg, S., Sendra, V. G., Harris, D. L., Hamrah, P. Kinetics of corneal leukocytes by intravital multiphoton microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashar Seyed-Razavi
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maria J. Lopez
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dimosthenis Mantopoulos
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lixin Zheng
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Steffen Massberg
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Ludwig Maximilians Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Victor G. Sendra
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Deshea L. Harris
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pedram Hamrah
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cornea Service, Tufts New England Eye Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cornea Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Stoppelkamp S, Würschum N, Stang K, Löder J, Avci-Adali M, Toliashvili L, Schlensak C, Wendel HP, Fennrich S. Speeding up pyrogenicity testing: Identification of suitable cell components and readout parameters for an accelerated monocyte activation test (MAT). Drug Test Anal 2016; 9:260-273. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.1973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Stoppelkamp
- University Hospital Tuebingen; Clinic for Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery; Calwerstr. 7/1 72076 Tuebingen Germany
| | - Noriana Würschum
- University Hospital Tuebingen; Clinic for Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery; Calwerstr. 7/1 72076 Tuebingen Germany
| | - Katharina Stang
- University Hospital Tuebingen; Clinic for Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery; Calwerstr. 7/1 72076 Tuebingen Germany
| | - Jasmin Löder
- University Hospital Tuebingen; Clinic for Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery; Calwerstr. 7/1 72076 Tuebingen Germany
| | - Meltem Avci-Adali
- University Hospital Tuebingen; Clinic for Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery; Calwerstr. 7/1 72076 Tuebingen Germany
| | - Leila Toliashvili
- University Hospital Tuebingen; Clinic for Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery; Calwerstr. 7/1 72076 Tuebingen Germany
| | - Christian Schlensak
- University Hospital Tuebingen; Clinic for Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery; Calwerstr. 7/1 72076 Tuebingen Germany
| | - Hans Peter Wendel
- University Hospital Tuebingen; Clinic for Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery; Calwerstr. 7/1 72076 Tuebingen Germany
| | - Stefan Fennrich
- University Hospital Tuebingen; Clinic for Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery; Calwerstr. 7/1 72076 Tuebingen Germany
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Venable AS, Henning AL, Prado EA, McFarlin BK. Using Image-Based Flow Cytometry with a FISH-Based FlowRNA Assay to Simultaneously Detect Intracellular TNF-α Protein and mRNA in Monocytes Following LPS Stimulation. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1389:139-51. [PMID: 27460242 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3302-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Existing methods of assessing monocyte inflammatory cytokine (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α) response to in vitro lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation lack the ability to simultaneously detect intracellular mRNA and protein. This procedure takes advantage of new methodologies and instrumentation to simultaneously measure intracellular TNF-α mRNA and protein in CD14(+) monocytes after 1, 3, and 6 h of LPS stimulation. By assessing multiple timepoints, we are able to discern how LPS stimulation affects the temporal relationship between TNF-α mRNA and protein. By using image-based flow cytometry it is possible to co-localize mRNA and protein signals to identify the length of incubation that is needed to initiate protein translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam S Venable
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, Denton, TX, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Andrea L Henning
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, Denton, TX, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Eric A Prado
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, Denton, TX, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Brian K McFarlin
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, Denton, TX, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA.
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Schaut RG, McGill JL, Neill JD, Ridpath JF, Sacco RE. Bovine viral diarrhea virus type 2 in vivo infection modulates TLR4 responsiveness in differentiated myeloid cells which is associated with decreased MyD88 expression. Virus Res 2015; 208:44-55. [PMID: 26043978 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2015.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Symptoms of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection range from subclinical to severe, depending on strain virulence. Several in vitro studies showed BVDV infection impaired leukocyte function. Fewer studies have examined the effects of in vivo BVDV infection on monocyte/macrophage function, especially with strains of differing virulence. We characterized cytokine production by bovine myeloid cells isolated early or late in high (HV) or low virulence (LV) BVDV2 infection. Given BVDV infection may enhance susceptibility to secondary bacterial infection, LPS responses were examined as well. Monocytes from HV and LV infected calves produced higher levels of cytokines compared to cells from controls. In contrast, monocyte-derived macrophage cytokine levels were generally reduced. Modulated cytokine expression in HV BVDV2 macrophages was associated with decreased MyD88 expression, likely due to its interaction with viral NS5A. These data and those of others, suggest that certain Flaviviridae may have evolved strategies for subverting receptor signaling pathways involving MyD88.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G Schaut
- Immunobiology Interdepartmental Graduate Program, Iowa State University, 2018 Molecular Biology Building, Ames, IA 50011, USA; Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, 1920 Dayton Avenue, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - Jodi L McGill
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, 1920 Dayton Avenue, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - John D Neill
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, 1920 Dayton Avenue, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - Julia F Ridpath
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, 1920 Dayton Avenue, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - Randy E Sacco
- Immunobiology Interdepartmental Graduate Program, Iowa State University, 2018 Molecular Biology Building, Ames, IA 50011, USA; Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, 1920 Dayton Avenue, Ames, IA 50010, USA.
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7
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Zgair AK, Ghafil JA, Al-Sayidi RHE. Direct role of antibody-secreting B cells in the severity of chronic hepatitis B. J Med Virol 2014; 87:407-16. [PMID: 25163843 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B involves different immune cells. The direct role of antibody-secreting B cells in the severity of chronic hepatitis B unclear. In this study, the number of plaque forming cells [PFC-(IgG, IgM, anti-HBc IgG, and anti-HBc IgM)], liver function tests (LFT) [alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and total serum bilirubin (TSB)], the levels of IL-10 in sera and in lymphocyte cultures, the number of CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells were measured in the peripheral blood of patients and in the controls. In addition, the hepatocytotoxic effect of anti-HBc and anti-HBe in vitro was studied. The largest number of PFCs was observed in the peripheral blood of patients with chronic hepatitis B. This was concomitant with a decrease in CD4(+) /CD8(+) ratio versus this ratio in asymptomatic HBV carriers and in healthy volunteers (P < 0.05). An increase in immunoglobulin (IgG and IgM) levels, anti-HBc IgG, and anti-HBc IgM levels and LFTs in peripheral blood of patients with chronic hepatitis B was seen. Anti-HBc induced hepatocytotoxicity in vitro. The expression of mRNA and protein for IL-10 production was observed at a significant level in culture of lymphocytes isolated from patients with chronic hepatitis B. In addition, a high level of IL-10 was found only in the sera of patients with chronic hepatitis B. It is concluded that the antibody-secreting B cells and the antibodies, which are produced, play an important role in the severity of chronic hepatitis B, which was related negatively with CD4(+) /CD8(+) ratio and positively with IL-10 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaid Khadem Zgair
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq; Central Public Health Laboratory, Baghdad, Iraq
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Smits AIPM, Ballotta V, Driessen-Mol A, Bouten CVC, Baaijens FPT. Shear flow affects selective monocyte recruitment into MCP-1-loaded scaffolds. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 18:2176-88. [PMID: 25103256 PMCID: PMC4224552 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel cardiovascular replacements are being developed by using degradable synthetic scaffolds, which function as a temporary guide to induce neotissue formation directly in situ. Priming of such scaffolds with fast-releasing monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) was shown to improve the formation of functional neoarteries in rats. However, the underlying mechanism has not been clarified. Therefore, the goal of this study was to investigate the effect of a burst-release of MCP-1 from a synthetic scaffold on the local recruitment of circulating leucocytes under haemodynamic conditions. Herein, we hypothesized that MCP-1 initiates a desired healing cascade by recruiting favourable monocyte subpopulations into the implanted scaffold. Electrospun poly(ε-caprolactone) scaffolds were loaded with fibrin gel containing various doses of MCP-1 and exposed to a suspension of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in static or dynamic conditions. In standard migration assay, a dose-dependent migration of specific CD14+ monocyte subsets was observed, as measured by flow cytometry. In conditions of pulsatile flow, on the other hand, a marked increase in immediate monocyte recruitment was observed, but without evident selectivity in monocyte subsets. This suggests that the selectivity was dependent on the release kinetics of the MCP-1, as it was overruled by the effect of shear stress after the initial burst-release. Furthermore, these findings demonstrate that local recruitment of specific MCP-1-responsive monocytes is not the fundamental principle behind the improved neotissue formation observed in long-term in vivo studies, and mobilization of MCP-1-responsive cells from the bone marrow into the bloodstream is suggested to play a predominant role in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthal I P M Smits
- Soft Tissue Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Involvement of (IgG and IgM)-secreting B lymphocytes in severity of autoimmune hepatitis type 1. Med Microbiol Immunol 2013; 202:229-37. [DOI: 10.1007/s00430-012-0287-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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10
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Zgair AK, Al-Adressi AMH. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia fimbrin stimulates mouse bladder innate immune response. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2012; 32:139-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s10096-012-1729-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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