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Rajabi A, Nejati M, Homayoonfal M, Arj A, Razavi ZS, Ostadian A, Mohammadzadeh B, Vosough M, Karimi M, Rahimian N, Hamblin MR, Anoushirvani AA, Mirzaei H. Doxorubicin-loaded zymosan nanoparticles: Synergistic cytotoxicity and modulation of apoptosis and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in C26 colorectal cancer cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:128949. [PMID: 38143055 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Zymosan is a β-glucan isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae that could be employed for drug delivery. We synthesized zymosan nanoparticles and measured their structural and morphological properties using XRD, UV-Vis spectroscopy, TEM and AFM. The loading of doxorubicin (DOX) onto the nanoparticles was confirmed by FT-IR, and the DOX release was shown to be pH-dependent. The effect of these agents on C26 cell viability was evaluated by MTT tests and the expression of genes connected with the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and apoptosis were analyzed by RT-qPCR and Western blotting. Treatments were able to suppress the proliferation of C26 cells, and the zymosan nanocarriers loaded with DOX enhanced the anti-proliferative effect of DOX in a synergistic manner. Zymosan nanoparticles were able to suppress the expression of cyclin D1, VEGF, ZEB1, and Twist mRNAs. Treatment groups upregulated the expression of caspase-8, while reducing the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, thus promoting apoptosis. In conclusion, zymosan nanoparticles as DOX nanocarriers could provide a more targeted drug delivery through pH-responsiveness, and showed synergistic cytotoxicity by modifying Wnt/β-catenin signaling and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Rajabi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Majid Nejati
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mina Homayoonfal
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Abbas Arj
- Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Zahra Sadat Razavi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Amirreza Ostadian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | | | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Merat Karimi
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Neda Rahimian
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Firoozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
| | - Ali Arash Anoushirvani
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Firoozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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Qiao M, Zhang L, Xu C, Huo X, Chang J, Su J. Chitosan and anisodamine enhance the immersion immune efficacy of inactivated Elizabethkingia miricola vaccine in black spotted frogs. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 130:93-102. [PMID: 36087820 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.08.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Black spotted frogs have rich nutrition and delicious meat, and its market consumption has increased year by year. However, outbreaks of the diseases have caused huge losses to the breeding industry. The crooked head disease caused by Elizabethkingia miricola (E. miricola) is highly contagious and lethal, and there is no effective treatment method. Vaccination is the most promising strategy to prevent infectious diseases. Immersion vaccination has attracted many researchers because of its simplicity of operation in preventing infectious diseases. In addition, immersion vaccines can be more effective when used with adjuvants. In this study, we prepared inactivated E. miricola with 0.3% formaldehyde, and the black spotted frogs were vaccinated by soaking in inactivated E. miricola vaccine, anisodamine + vaccine mixture, β-glucan + vaccine mixture, chitosan + vaccine mixture for 60 min. PBS was used as a control. After being challenged by E. miricola, the survival rate of anisodamine + vaccine (57%) and chitosan + vaccine group (63%) was significantly higher than that of the control group (17%). By analyzing pathological sections, we found that the chitosan + vaccine and anisodamine + vaccine groups protected the brain, eye, liver and kidney tissues of the black spotted frogs compared to the control group, which was consistent with the trend of survival rate. In addition, chitosan + vaccine and anisodamine + vaccine groups had better effects on LZM, TSOD and C3 in serum than control group. Meanwhile, the numbers of the percentage of leukocytes/haemocytes in the peripheral blood of immunized black spotted frogs increased. The anisodamine + vaccine group (5.3%) and chitosan + vaccine (5.38%) group were significantly higher than the blank control group (2.24%), which indicate that the two groups induced a more significant immune response and were more resistant to bacterial invasion. The tissue bacterial loads in liver, brain, kidney and eye were significantly lower in the anisodamine + vaccine and chitosan + vaccine groups than that of the control group. This study explored and demonstrated the good efficiency of chitosan and anisodamine as adjuvants for immunization by immersion and provided a reference for improving the efficiency of immunization by immersion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihua Qiao
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Liqiang Zhang
- Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chuang Xu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xingchen Huo
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jiao Chang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jianguo Su
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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3
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Lin B, Huang G. An important polysaccharide from fermentum. Food Chem X 2022; 15:100388. [PMID: 36211774 PMCID: PMC9532711 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Extraction, structure and modification of polysaccharides from fermentum were summarized. Structure-activity relationship and application of polysaccharides from fermentum were reviewed. It provided a strong basis for the development and application of polysaccharides from fermentum.
Fermentum is a common unicellular fungus with many biological activities attributed to β-polysaccharides. Different in vivo and in vivo experimental studies have long proven that fermentum β-polysaccharides have antioxidant, anti-tumor, and fungal toxin adsorption properties. However, there are many uncertainties regarding the relationship between the structure and biological activity of fermentum β-polysaccharides, and a systematic summary of fermentum β-polysaccharides is still lacking. Herein, we reviewed the research progress about the extraction, structure and modification, structure–activity relationship, activity and application of fermentum β-polysaccharides, compared the extraction methods of fermentum β-polysaccharide, and paid special attention to the structure–activity relationship and application of fermentum β-polysaccharide, which provided a strong basis for the development and application of fermentum β-polysaccharide.
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Moreno-Mendieta S, Guillén D, Vasquez-Martínez N, Hernández-Pando R, Sánchez S, Rodríguez-Sanoja R. Understanding the Phagocytosis of Particles: the Key for Rational Design of Vaccines and Therapeutics. Pharm Res 2022; 39:1823-1849. [PMID: 35739369 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03301-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A robust comprehension of phagocytosis is crucial for understanding its importance in innate immunity. A detailed description of the molecular mechanisms that lead to the uptake and clearance of endogenous and exogenous particles has helped elucidate the role of phagocytosis in health and infectious or autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, knowledge about this cellular process is important for the rational design and development of particulate systems for the administration of vaccines or therapeutics. Depending on these specific applications and the required biological responses, particles must be designed to encourage or avoid their phagocytosis and prolong their circulation time. Functionalization with specific polymers or ligands and changes in the size, shape, or surface of particles have important effects on their recognition and internalization by professional and nonprofessional phagocytes and have a major influence on their fate and safety. Here, we review the phagocytosis of particles intended to be used as carrier or delivery systems for vaccines or therapeutics, the cells involved in this process depending on the route of administration, and the strategies employed to obtain the most desirable particles for each application through the manipulation of their physicochemical characteristics. We also offer a view of the challenges and potential opportunities in the field and give some recommendations that we expect will enable the development of improved approaches for the rational design of these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Moreno-Mendieta
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT), Ciudad de México, Mexico. .,Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), A.P. 70228, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Daniel Guillén
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), A.P. 70228, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Nathaly Vasquez-Martínez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), A.P. 70228, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico.,Doctorado en Ciencias Bioquímicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), A.P. 70228, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Rogelio Hernández-Pando
- Sección de Patología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Delegación Tlalpan, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Sergio Sánchez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), A.P. 70228, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Romina Rodríguez-Sanoja
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), A.P. 70228, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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β-Glucans from Yeast—Immunomodulators from Novel Waste Resources. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12105208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
β-glucans are a large class of complex polysaccharides with bioactive properties, including immune modulation. Natural sources of these compounds include yeast, oats, barley, mushrooms, and algae. Yeast is abundant in various processes, including fermentation, and they are often discarded as waste products. The production of biomolecules from waste resources is a growing trend worldwide with novel waste resources being constantly identified. Yeast-derived β-glucans may assist the host’s defence against infections by influencing neutrophil and macrophage inflammatory and antibacterial activities. β-glucans were long regarded as an essential anti-cancer therapy and were licensed in Japan as immune-adjuvant therapy for cancer in 1980 and new mechanisms of action of these molecules are constantly emerging. This paper outlines yeast β-glucans’ immune-modulatory and anti-cancer effects, production and extraction, and their availability in waste streams.
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Tan Y, Chen L, Li K, Lou B, Liu Y, Liu Z. Yeast as carrier for drug delivery and vaccine construction. J Control Release 2022; 346:358-379. [PMID: 35483637 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Yeast has been employed as an effective derived drug carrier as a unicellular microorganism. Many research works have been devoted to the encapsulation of nucleic acid compounds, insoluble small molecule drugs, small molecules, liposomes, polymers, and various nanoparticles in yeast for the treatment of disease. Recombinant yeast-based vaccine carriers (WYV) have played a major role in the development of vaccines. Herein, the latest reports on the application of yeast carriers and the development of related research are summarized, a conceptual description of gastrointestinal absorption of yeast carriers, as well as the various package forms of different drug molecules and nanoparticles in yeast carriers are introduced. In addition, the advantages and development of recombinant yeast vaccine carriers for the disease, veterinary and aquaculture applications are discussed. Moreover, the current challenges and future directions of yeast carriers are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifu Tan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Liwei Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Beibei Lou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Yanfei Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan Province, PR China.
| | - Zhenbao Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, PR China; Molecular Imaging Research Center of Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, PR China.
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Zhu Q, Sun P, Zhang B, Kong L, Xiao C, Song Z. Progress on Gut Health Maintenance and Antibiotic Alternatives in Broiler Chicken Production. Front Nutr 2021; 8:692839. [PMID: 34869510 PMCID: PMC8636040 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.692839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The perturbation of gut health is a common yet unresolved problem in broiler chicken production. Antibiotics used as growth promoters have remarkably improved the broiler production industry with high feed conversion efficiency and reduced intestinal problems. However, the misuse of antibiotics has also led to the increase in the development of antibiotic resistance and antibiotic residues in the meat. Many countries have enacted laws prohibiting the use of antibiotics in livestock production because of the increasing concerns from the consumers and the public. Consequently, one of the most significant discussions in the poultry industry is currently antibiotic-free livestock production. However, the biggest challenge in animal husbandry globally is the complete removal of antibiotics. The necessity to venture into antibiotic-free production has led researchers to look for alternatives to antibiotics in broiler chicken production. Many strategies can be used to replace the use of antibiotics in broiler farming. In recent years, many studies have been conducted to identify functional feed additives with similar beneficial effects as antibiotic growth promoters. Attention has been focused on prebiotics, probiotics, organic acids, emulsifiers, enzymes, essential oils, tributyrin, and medium-chain fatty acids. In this review, we focused on recent discoveries on gut health maintenance through the use of these functional feed additives as alternatives to antibiotics in the past 10 years to provide novel insights into the design of antibiotic-free feeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qidong Zhu
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of Nutrition Technology, Shandong Hekangyuan Cooperation, Jinan, China
| | - Bingkun Zhang
- Department of Animal Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - LingLian Kong
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Chuanpi Xiao
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Zhigang Song
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
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8
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Development of Fish Immunity and the Role of β-Glucan in Immune Responses. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225378. [PMID: 33213001 PMCID: PMC7698520 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Administration of β-glucans through various routes, including immersion, dietary inclusion, or injection, have been found to stimulate various facets of immune responses, such as resistance to infections and resistance to environmental stress. β-Glucans used as an immunomodulatory food supplement have been found beneficial in eliciting immunity in commercial aquaculture. Despite extensive research involving more than 3000 published studies, knowledge of the receptors involved in recognition of β-glucans, their downstream signaling, and overall mechanisms of action is still lacking. The aim of this review is to summarize and discuss what is currently known about of the use of β-glucans in fish.
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Huang J, Wu C, Tang S, Zhou P, Deng J, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Wang Z. Chiral Active β-Glucan Nanoparticles for Synergistic Delivery of Doxorubicin and Immune Potentiation. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:5083-5095. [PMID: 32764938 PMCID: PMC7368591 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s258145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background β-glucans are chiral polysaccharides with well-defined immunological properties and supramolecular wrapping ability of its chiral feature. However, the exploitation of chiral properties of these nanoparticles in drug delivery systems was seldom conducted. Methods β-glucan molecules with different chain lengths were extracted from yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and thereafter modified. In a conformation transition process, these β-glucan molecules were then self-assembled with anti-cancer drug doxorubicin into nanoparticles to construct drug delivery systems. The chiral interactions between the drug and carriers were revealed by circular dichroism spectra, ultraviolet and visible spectrum, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscope. The immune-potentiation properties of modified β-glucan nanoparticles were evaluated by analysis of the mRNA expression in RAW264.7 cell model. Further, the antitumor efficacy of the nanoparticles against the human breast cancer were studied in MCF-7 cell model by cellular uptake and cytotoxicity experiments. Results β-glucan nanoparticles can activate macrophages to produce immune enhancing cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ). A special chirality of the carriers in diameter of 50~160 nm can also associate with higher drug loading ability of 13.9% ~38.2% and pH-sensitive release with a change of pH from 7.4 to 5.0. Cellular uptake and cytotoxicity experiments also prove that the chiral-active β-glucan nanoparticles can be used in anti-cancer nanomedicine. Conclusion This work demonstrates that β-glucans nanoparticles with special chiral feature which leading to strong immunopotentiation ability and high drug loading efficiency can be developed as a novel type of nanomedicine for anti-cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintao Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoxi Wu
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Shunqing Tang
- Biomedical Engineering Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengjun Zhou
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifei Wang
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiping Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
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Yang Z, Sun A, Zhao X, Song M, Wei J, Wang J, Zhao T, Xie Y, Chen Z, Tian Z, Liu H, Huang Z, Song X, Feng Z. Preparation and application of a beta-d-glucan microsphere conjugated protein A/G. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 151:878-884. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Abstract
Vaccines are powerful tools that can activate the immune system for protection against various diseases. As carbohydrates can play important roles in immune recognition, they have been widely applied in vaccine development. Carbohydrate antigens have been investigated in vaccines against various pathogenic microbes and cancer. Polysaccharides such as dextran and β-glucan can serve as smart vaccine carriers for efficient antigen delivery to immune cells. Some glycolipids, such as galactosylceramide and monophosphoryl lipid A, are strong immune stimulators, which have been studied as vaccine adjuvants. In this review, we focus on the current advances in applying carbohydrates as vaccine delivery carriers and adjuvants. We will discuss the examples that involve chemical modifications of the carbohydrates for effective antigen delivery, as well as covalent antigen-carbohydrate conjugates for enhanced immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyao Lang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Xuefei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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Yan Y, Huo X, Ai T, Su J. β-glucan and anisodamine can enhance the immersion immune efficacy of inactivated cyprinid herpesvirus 2 vaccine in Carassius auratus gibelio. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 98:285-295. [PMID: 31962149 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
As one of the most important fish in freshwater aquaculture, gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) is easily susceptible to Cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (CyHV-2). Immersion vaccination has attracted many researchers due to its simple operation in preventing infectious diseases. However, the unavoidable disadvantage is that the immersion vaccine must be used with adjuvants to get a better performance. In this study, gibel carps were vaccinated by a 60 min bath in a β-propiolactone-inactivated Cyprinid herpesvirus 2, mixed with DTT, β-glucan, anisodamine and scopolamine, respectively. After immunization, the fishs were challenged by CyHV-2 in 2 weeks. By analyzing pathological section, we found that β-glucan, anisodamine and scopolamine groups protected the gibel carp compared to the control group, which was consistent with the trend of survival rate. Specifically, β-glucan group in serum appeared best on lysozyme, TSOD and complement C3. Real time quantitative RT-PCR results demonstrated that in both spleen and head kidney tissues, mRNA expressions of typical Th1 immune response cytokines IL-2 and IFN-γ2 in β-glucan group and anisodamine group were significantly higher than other groups and the level of immunoglobulins related to systemic immunity (IgM) and mucosal immunity (IgZ) were also enhanced in the immune period. DTT group slightly affected immune gene and serum enzyme activity, while did not show an adjuvant effect on survival rate. In addition, four adjuvant groups could obviously inhibit CyHV-2 replication. This study explored and proved the good efficiency of β-glucan or anisodamine as immersion immune adjuvant and also provided reference for improving the efficiency of immersion immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Yan
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xingchen Huo
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Taoshan Ai
- Wuhan Chopper Fishery Bio-Tech Co.,Ltd, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, 430207, China
| | - Jianguo Su
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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Scariot DB, Volpato H, Fernandes NS, Lazarin-Bidóia D, Borges O, Sousa MDC, Rosa FA, Jacomini AP, Silva SO, Ueda-Nakamura T, Rubira AF, Nakamura CV. Oral treatment with T6-loaded yeast cell wall particles reduces the parasitemia in murine visceral leishmaniasis model. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20080. [PMID: 31882925 PMCID: PMC6934808 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56647-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Yeast cell wall particles isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (scYCWPs) have a rich constitution of β-glucan derived from the cell wall. After removing intracellular contents, β-glucan molecules are readily recognized by dectin-1 receptors, present on the cytoplasmic membrane surface of the mononuclear phagocytic cells and internalized. Leishmania spp. are obligate intracellular parasites; macrophages are its primary host cells. An experimental murine model of visceral leishmaniasis caused by L. infantum was used to evaluate the antileishmanial activity of oral administration of these particles. A low-water soluble thiophene previously studied in vitro against L. infantum was entrapped into scYCWPs to direct it into the host cell, in order to circumvent the typical pharmacokinetic problems of water-insoluble compounds. We found that scYCWPs + T6 reduced the parasitic burden in the liver and spleen. There was an increase in IFN-γ levels related to nitric oxide production, explaining the reduction of the L. infantum burden in the tissue. Histological analysis did not show signals of tissue inflammation and biochemical analysis from plasma did not indicate signals of cytotoxicity after scYCWPs + T6 treatment. These findings suggested that scYCWPs + T6 administered through oral route reduced the parasitic burden without causing toxic effects, satisfying requirements for development of new strategies to treat leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora B Scariot
- Laboratório de Inovação Tecnológica no Desenvolvimento de Fármacos e Cosméticos, State University of Maringá, Maringa, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Hélito Volpato
- Laboratório de Inovação Tecnológica no Desenvolvimento de Fármacos e Cosméticos, State University of Maringá, Maringa, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Nilma S Fernandes
- Cellular Biology Graduate Program, State University of Maringá, Maringa, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Danielle Lazarin-Bidóia
- Laboratório de Inovação Tecnológica no Desenvolvimento de Fármacos e Cosméticos, State University of Maringá, Maringa, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Olga Borges
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3000-548, Portugal
- CNC - Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3000-548, Portugal
| | - Maria do Céu Sousa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3000-548, Portugal
- CNC - Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3000-548, Portugal
| | - Fernanda A Rosa
- Chemistry Department, State University of Maringá, Maringa, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Andrey P Jacomini
- Chemistry Department, State University of Maringá, Maringa, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Sueli O Silva
- Laboratório de Inovação Tecnológica no Desenvolvimento de Fármacos e Cosméticos, State University of Maringá, Maringa, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Tânia Ueda-Nakamura
- Laboratório de Inovação Tecnológica no Desenvolvimento de Fármacos e Cosméticos, State University of Maringá, Maringa, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Adley F Rubira
- Chemistry Department, State University of Maringá, Maringa, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Celso V Nakamura
- Laboratório de Inovação Tecnológica no Desenvolvimento de Fármacos e Cosméticos, State University of Maringá, Maringa, 87020-900, Brazil.
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14
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Abraham A, Ostroff G, Levitz SM, Oyston PCF. A novel vaccine platform using glucan particles for induction of protective responses against Francisella tularensis and other pathogens. Clin Exp Immunol 2019; 198:143-152. [PMID: 31400225 PMCID: PMC6797901 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines are considered the bedrock of preventive medicine. However, for many pathogens, it has been challenging to develop vaccines that stimulate protective, long-lasting immunity. We have developed a novel approach using β-1,3-D-glucans (BGs), natural polysaccharides abundantly present in fungal cell walls, as a biomaterial platform for vaccine delivery. BGs simultaneously provide for receptor-targeted antigen delivery to specialized antigen-presenting cells together with adjuvant properties to stimulate antigen-specific and trained non-specific immune responses. This review focuses on various approaches of using BG particles (GPs) to develop bacterial and fungal vaccine candidates. A special case history for the development of an effective GP tularaemia vaccine candidate is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Abraham
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - G Ostroff
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - S M Levitz
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - P C F Oyston
- CBR Division, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
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15
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Sneaking Out for Happy Hour: Yeast-Based Approaches to Explore and Modulate Immune Response and Immune Evasion. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10090667. [PMID: 31480411 PMCID: PMC6770942 DOI: 10.3390/genes10090667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Many pathogens (virus, bacteria, fungi, or parasites) have developed a wide variety of mechanisms to evade their host immune system. The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has successfully been used to decipher some of these immune evasion strategies. This includes the cis-acting mechanism that limits the expression of the oncogenic Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-encoded EBNA1 and thus of antigenic peptides derived from this essential but highly antigenic viral protein. Studies based on budding yeast have also revealed the molecular bases of epigenetic switching or recombination underlying the silencing of all except one members of extended families of genes that encode closely related and highly antigenic surface proteins. This mechanism is exploited by several parasites (that include pathogens such as Plasmodium, Trypanosoma, Candida, or Pneumocystis) to alternate their surface antigens, thereby evading the immune system. Yeast can itself be a pathogen, and pathogenic fungi such as Candida albicans, which is phylogenetically very close to S. cerevisiae, have developed stealthiness strategies that include changes in their cell wall composition, or epitope-masking, to control production or exposure of highly antigenic but essential polysaccharides in their cell wall. Finally, due to the high antigenicity of its cell wall, yeast has been opportunistically exploited to create adjuvants and vectors for vaccination.
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16
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Geller A, Shrestha R, Yan J. Yeast-Derived β-Glucan in Cancer: Novel Uses of a Traditional Therapeutic. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3618. [PMID: 31344853 PMCID: PMC6695648 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
An increased understanding of the complex mechanisms at play within the tumor microenvironment (TME) has emphasized the need for the development of strategies that target immune cells within the TME. Therapeutics that render the TME immune-reactive have a vast potential for establishing effective cancer interventions. One such intervention is β-glucan, a natural compound with immune-stimulatory and immunomodulatory potential that has long been considered an important anti-cancer therapeutic. β-glucan has the ability to modulate the TME both by bridging the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system and by modulating the phenotype of immune-suppressive cells to be immune-stimulatory. New roles for β-glucan in cancer therapy are also emerging through an evolving understanding that β-glucan is involved in a concept called trained immunity, where innate cells take on memory phenotypes. Additionally, the hollow structure of particulate β-glucan has recently been harnessed to utilize particulate β-glucan as a delivery vesicle. These new concepts, along with the emerging success of combinatorial approaches to cancer treatment involving β-glucan, suggest that β-glucan may play an essential role in future strategies to prevent and inhibit tumor growth. This review emphasizes the various characteristics of β-glucan, with an emphasis on fungal β-glucan, and highlights novel approaches of β-glucan in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Geller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Rejeena Shrestha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Jun Yan
- Immuno-Oncology Program, Division of Immunotherapy, Department of Surgery, The James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
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17
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Soares E, Groothuismink ZMA, Boonstra A, Borges O. Glucan Particles Are a Powerful Adjuvant for the HBsAg, Favoring Antiviral Immunity. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:1971-1981. [PMID: 30964694 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b01322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The lack of vaccine adjuvants that are able to induce robust T cell responses fosters the search for more powerful options. Pathogen-like particles are a promising approach. The adjuvant activity of pathogen-like particles is highly influenced by size and surface composition. This study aimed to evaluate the adjuvant potential of two different β-glucan-based particles, blend chitosan/β-glucan particles (ChiGluPs), which are positively charged and have mean size of 1276 nm, and neutral yeast-derived glucan particles (GPs), with a mean size of 3 μm. Additionally, chitosan particles (ChiPs) were used to understand the effect of β-glucan addition (ChiGluPs). Mouse spleen cells responded through the production of either TNF-α or RANTES, following in vitro stimulation with particles containing either β-glucan (ChiGluPs and GPs) or chitosan (ChiGluPs and ChiPs). Human monocytes responded to all particles through TNF-α secretion. Subcutaneous vaccination of mice with the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) showed increased serum IgG for all particles compared to HBsAg alone (435-, 4500-, or 2500-fold increase for either ChiPs, ChiGluPs, or GPs). Interestingly, only GPs elicited the secretion of HBsAg-specific Th1, Th2, Th9, Th17, Th22, and Treg-related cytokines. This study demonstrates, for the first time, that GPs can have a significant role against the hepatitis B virus by favoring antiviral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edna Soares
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology , University of Coimbra , 3004-517 Coimbra , Portugal.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde Azinhaga de Santa Comba , University of Coimbra , 3000-548 Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Zwier M A Groothuismink
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Erasmus University Medical Center , 3015 GD Rotterdam , The Netherlands
| | - André Boonstra
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Erasmus University Medical Center , 3015 GD Rotterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Olga Borges
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology , University of Coimbra , 3004-517 Coimbra , Portugal.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde Azinhaga de Santa Comba , University of Coimbra , 3000-548 Coimbra , Portugal
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18
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Jin Y, Li P, Wang F. β-glucans as potential immunoadjuvants: A review on the adjuvanticity, structure-activity relationship and receptor recognition properties. Vaccine 2018; 36:5235-5244. [PMID: 30049632 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
β-glucans, a group of polysaccharides exist in many organism species such as mushrooms, yeasts, oats, barley, seaweed, but not mammalians, have a variety of biological activities and applications in drugs and other healthcare products. In recent years, β-glucans have been studied as adjuvants in anti-infection vaccines as well as immunomodulators in anti-cancer immunotherapy. β-glucans can regulate immune responses when administered alone and can connect innate and adaptive immunity to improve immunogenicity of vaccines. When β-glucans act as immunostimulants or adjuvants, a set of receptors have been revealed to recognize β-glucans, including dectin-1, complement receptor 3 (CR3), CD5, lactosylceramide, and so on. Therefore, this review is mainly focused on the application of β-glucans as immune adjuvants, the receptors of β-glucans, as well as their structure and activity relationship which will benefit future research of β-glucans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Jin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Pingli Li
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No. 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Fengshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan 250012, China.
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19
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Zimara N, Chanyalew M, Aseffa A, van Zandbergen G, Lepenies B, Schmid M, Weiss R, Rascle A, Wege AK, Jantsch J, Schatz V, Brown GD, Ritter U. Dectin-1 Positive Dendritic Cells Expand after Infection with Leishmania major Parasites and Represent Promising Targets for Vaccine Development. Front Immunol 2018; 9:263. [PMID: 29535708 PMCID: PMC5834765 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistant mouse strains mount a protective T cell-mediated immune response upon infection with Leishmania (L.) parasites. Healing correlates with a T helper (Th) cell-type 1 response characterized by a pronounced IFN-γ production, while susceptibility is associated with an IL-4-dependent Th2-type response. It has been shown that dermal dendritic cells are crucial for inducing protective Th1-mediated immunity. Additionally, there is growing evidence that C-type lectin receptor (CLR)-mediated signaling is involved in directing adaptive immunity against pathogens. However, little is known about the function of the CLR Dectin-1 in modulating Th1- or Th2-type immune responses by DC subsets in leishmaniasis. We characterized the expression of Dectin-1 on CD11c+ DCs in peripheral blood, at the site of infection, and skin-draining lymph nodes of L. major-infected C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice and in peripheral blood of patients suffering from cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). Both mouse strains responded with an expansion of Dectin-1+ DCs within the analyzed tissues. In accordance with the experimental model, Dectin-1+ DCs expanded as well in the peripheral blood of CL patients. To study the role of Dectin-1+ DCs in adaptive immunity against L. major, we analyzed the T cell stimulating potential of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) in the presence of the Dectin-1 agonist Curdlan. These experiments revealed that Curdlan induces the maturation of BMDCs and the expansion of Leishmania-specific CD4+ T cells. Based on these findings, we evaluated the impact of Curdlan/Dectin-1 interactions in experimental leishmaniasis and were able to demonstrate that the presence of Curdlan at the site of infection modulates the course of disease in BALB/c mice: wild-type BALB/c mice treated intradermally with Curdlan developed a protective immune response against L. major whereas Dectin-1-/- BALB/c mice still developed the fatal course of disease after Curdlan treatment. Furthermore, the vaccination of BALB/c mice with a combination of soluble L. major antigens and Curdlan was able to provide a partial protection from severe leishmaniasis. These findings indicate that the ligation of Dectin-1 on DCs acts as an important checkpoint in adaptive immunity against L. major and should therefore be considered in future whole-organism vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Zimara
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Menberework Chanyalew
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Leishmaniasis Research Laboratory, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Abraham Aseffa
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Leishmaniasis Research Laboratory, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Ger van Zandbergen
- Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, Division of Immunology, Paul Ehrlich Institute, Langen, Germany
| | - Bernd Lepenies
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Immunology Unit, Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), Hannover, Germany
| | - Maximilian Schmid
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Richard Weiss
- Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Anne Rascle
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Anja Kathrin Wege
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jonathan Jantsch
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Valentin Schatz
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gordon D. Brown
- MRC Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Uwe Ritter
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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20
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Oral hepatitis B vaccine: chitosan or glucan based delivery systems for efficient HBsAg immunization following subcutaneous priming. Int J Pharm 2018; 535:261-271. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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21
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Effects of Non-Starch Polysaccharides on Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071372. [PMID: 28654020 PMCID: PMC5535865 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has increased considerably over the past few decades. In the present review, we discuss several disadvantages existing in the treatment of IBD and current understandings of the structures, sources, and natures of various kinds of non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs). Available evidences for the use of different sources of NSPs in IBD treatment both in vitro and in vivo are analyzed, including glucan from oat bran, mushroom, seaweed, pectin, gum, prebiotics, etc. Their potential mechanisms, especially their related molecular mechanism of protective action in the treatment and prevention of IBD, are also summarized, covering the anti-inflammation, immune-stimulating, and gut microbiota-modulating activities, as well as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production, anti-oxidative stress accompanied with inflammation, the promotion of gastric epithelial cell proliferation and tissue healing, and the reduction of the absorption of toxins of NSPs, thus ameliorating the symptoms and reducing the reoccurrence rate of IBD. In summary, NSPs exhibit the potential to be promising agents for an adjuvant therapy and for the prevention of IBD. Further investigating of the crosstalk between immune cells, epithelial cells, and gut microorganisms in addition to evaluating the effects of different kinds and different molecular weights of NSPs will lead to well-designed clinical intervention trials and eventually improve the treatment and prevention of IBD.
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22
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Potential of glucans as vaccine adjuvants: A review of the α-glucans case. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 165:103-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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