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Fawzy El-Sayed K, Mahlandt E, Schlicht K, Enthammer K, Tölle J, Wagner J, Hartmann K, Ebeling PR, Graetz C, Laudes M, Dörfer CE, Schulte DM. Effects of oxidized LDL versus IL-1ß/TNF-ɑ/INFɣ on human gingival mesenchymal stem cells properties. J Periodontal Res 2024. [PMID: 38952262 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) is an important player in the course of metabolic inflammatory diseases. oxLDL was identified in the gingival crevicular fluid, denoting possible associations between oxLDL-induced inflammation and periodontal disease. The current investigation compared for the first-time direct effects of oxLDL to a cytokine cocktail of IL-1ß/TNF-ɑ/INF-γ on gingival mesenchymal stem cells' (G-MSCs) attributes. METHODS Human third passage G-MSCs, isolated from connective tissue biopsies (n = 5) and characterized, were stimulated in three groups over 7 days: control group, cytokine group (IL-1β[1 ng/mL], TNF-α[10 ng/mL], IFN-γ[100 ng/mL]), or oxLDL group (oxLDL [50 μg/mL]). Next Generation Sequencing and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, stemness gene expression (NANOG/SOX2/OCT4A), cellular proliferation, colony-formation, multilinear potential, and altered intracellular pathways were investigated via histochemistry, next-generation sequencing, and RT-qPCR. RESULTS G-MSCs exhibited all mesenchymal stem cells' characteristics. oxLDL group and cytokine group displayed no disparities in their stemness markers (p > .05). Next-generation-sequencing revealed altered expression of the TXNIP gene in response to oxLDL treatment compared with controls (p = .04). Following an initial boosting for up to 5 days by inflammatory stimuli, over 14 day, cellular counts [median count ×10-5 (Q25/Q75)] were utmost in control - [2.6607 (2.0804/4.5357)], followed by cytokine - [0.0433 (0.0026/1.4215)] and significantly lowered in the oxLDL group [0.0274 (0.0023/0.7290); p = .0047]. Osteogenic differentiation [median relative Ca2+ content(Q25/Q75)] was significantly lower in cytokine - [0.0066 (0.0052/0.0105)] compared to oxLDL - [0.0144 (0.0108/0.0216)] (p = .0133), with no differences notable for chondrogenic and adipogenic differentiation (p > .05). CONCLUSIONS Within the current investigation's limitations, in contrast to cytokine-mediated inflammation, G-MSCs appear to be minimally responsive to oxLDL-mediated metabolic inflammation, with little negative effect on their differentiation attributes and significantly reduced cellular proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Fawzy El-Sayed
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- Oral Medicine and Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Elena Mahlandt
- Institute of Diabetes and Clinical Metabolic Research, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kristina Schlicht
- Institute of Diabetes and Clinical Metabolic Research, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kim Enthammer
- Institute of Diabetes and Clinical Metabolic Research, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Johannes Tölle
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Juliane Wagner
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Katharina Hartmann
- Institute of Diabetes and Clinical Metabolic Research, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Peter R Ebeling
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christian Graetz
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Mathias Laudes
- Institute of Diabetes and Clinical Metabolic Research, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christof E Dörfer
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Dominik M Schulte
- Institute of Diabetes and Clinical Metabolic Research, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
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Hwang S, Sung DK, Kim YE, Yang M, Ahn SY, Sung SI, Chang YS. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Primed by Toll-like Receptors 3 and 4 Enhanced Anti-Inflammatory Effects against LPS-Induced Macrophages via Extracellular Vesicles. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16264. [PMID: 38003458 PMCID: PMC10670946 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Although it has been suggested that toll-like receptor (TLR) 3 and TLR4 activation alters mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs)' immunoregulatory function as anti- or pro-inflammatory phenotypes, we have previously confirmed that TLR4-primed hUCB-MSCs alleviate lung inflammation and tissue injury in an E. coli-induced acute lung injury (ALI) mouse model. Therefore, we hypothesized that strong stimulation of TLR3 or TLR4 prompts hUCB-MSCs to exhibit an anti-inflammatory phenotype mediated by extracellular vesicles (EVs). In this study, we compared the anti-inflammatory effect of TLR3-primed and TLR4-primed hUCB-MSCs against an LPS-induced ALI in vitro model by treating MSCs, MSC-derived conditioned medium (CM), and MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs). LPS-induced rat primary alveolar macrophage and RAW 264.7 cells were treated with naïve, TLR3-, and TLR4-primed MSCs and their derived CM and EVs. Flow cytometry and ELISA were used to evaluate M1-M2 polarization of macrophages and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, respectively. LPS-stimulated macrophages showed significantly increased pro-inflammatory cytokines compared to those of the normal control, and the percentage of M2 macrophage phenotype was predominantly low. In reducing the inflammatory cytokines and enhancing M2 polarization, TLR3- and TLR4-primed MSCs were significantly more effective than the naïve MSCs, and this finding was also observed with the treatment of MSC-derived CMs and EVs. No significant difference between the efficacy of TLR3- and TLR-primed MSCs was observed. Strong stimulation of TLR3- and TLR4-stimulated hUCB-MSCs significantly reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion from LPS-induced macrophages and significantly enhanced the M2 polarization of macrophages. We further confirmed that TLR-primed MSC-derived EVs can exert anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects alone comparable to MSC treatment. We hereby suggest that in the LPS-induced macrophage in vitro model, EVs derived from both TLR3 and TLR4-primed MSCs can be a therapeutic candidate by promoting the M2 phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sein Hwang
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
- Cell and Gene Therapy Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Kyung Sung
- Cell and Gene Therapy Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Eun Kim
- Cell and Gene Therapy Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Misun Yang
- Cell and Gene Therapy Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yoon Ahn
- Cell and Gene Therapy Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Se In Sung
- Cell and Gene Therapy Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Sil Chang
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
- Cell and Gene Therapy Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
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Tölle J, Koch A, Schlicht K, Finger D, Kaehler W, Höppner M, Graetz C, Dörfer C, Schulte DM, Fawzy El-Sayed K. Effect of Hyperbaric Oxygen and Inflammation on Human Gingival Mesenchymal Stem/Progenitor Cells. Cells 2023; 12:2479. [PMID: 37887323 PMCID: PMC10605813 DOI: 10.3390/cells12202479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study explores for the first time the effect of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on gingival mesenchymal stem cells' (G-MSCs) gene expression profile, intracellular pathway activation, pluripotency, and differentiation potential under an experimental inflammatory setup. G-MSCs were isolated from five healthy individuals (n = 5) and characterized. Single (24 h) or double (72 h) HBO stimulation (100% O2, 3 bar, 90 min) was performed under experimental inflammatory [IL-1β (1 ng/mL)/TNF-α (10 ng/mL)/IFN-γ (100 ng/mL)] and non-inflammatory micro-environment. Next Generation Sequencing and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, G-MSCs' pluripotency gene expression, Wnt-/β-catenin pathway activation, proliferation, colony formation, and differentiation were investigated. G-MSCs demonstrated all mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells' characteristics. The beneficial effect of a single HBO stimulation was evident, with anti-inflammatory effects and induction of differentiation (TLL1, ID3, BHLHE40), proliferation/cell survival (BMF, ID3, TXNIP, PDK4, ABL2), migration (ABL2) and osteogenic differentiation (p < 0.05). A second HBO stimulation at 72 h had a detrimental effect, significantly increasing the inflammation-induced cellular stress and ROS accumulation through HMOX1, BHLHE40, and ARL4C amplification and pathway enrichment (p < 0.05). Results outline a positive short-term single HBO anti-inflammatory, regenerative, and differentiation stimulatory effect on G-MSCs. A second (72 h) stimulation is detrimental to the same properties. The current results could open new perspectives in the clinical application of short-termed HBO induction in G-MSCs-mediated periodontal reparative/regenerative mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Tölle
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (J.T.); (D.F.); (C.G.); (C.D.)
| | - Andreas Koch
- German Naval Medical Institute, 24119 Kiel, Germany; (A.K.); (W.K.)
| | - Kristina Schlicht
- Institute of Diabetes and Clinical Metabolic Research, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (K.S.); (D.M.S.)
| | - Dirk Finger
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (J.T.); (D.F.); (C.G.); (C.D.)
| | - Wataru Kaehler
- German Naval Medical Institute, 24119 Kiel, Germany; (A.K.); (W.K.)
| | - Marc Höppner
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University, 24105 Kiel, Germany;
| | - Christian Graetz
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (J.T.); (D.F.); (C.G.); (C.D.)
| | - Christof Dörfer
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (J.T.); (D.F.); (C.G.); (C.D.)
| | - Dominik M. Schulte
- Institute of Diabetes and Clinical Metabolic Research, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (K.S.); (D.M.S.)
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Karim Fawzy El-Sayed
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (J.T.); (D.F.); (C.G.); (C.D.)
- Oral Medicine and Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt
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Thymoquinone-Mediated Modulation of Toll-like Receptors and Pluripotency Factors in Gingival Mesenchymal Stem/Progenitor Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091452. [PMID: 35563755 PMCID: PMC9101758 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Thymoquinone (TQ), the key active component of Nigella sativa (NS), demonstrates very promising biomedical anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer properties. Several investigations have inspected the modulative activities of TQ on different stem/progenitor cell types, but its possible role in the regulation of gingival mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (G-MSCs) has not yet been characterized. For the first time, this study investigates the effects of TQ on G-MSCs’ stemness and Toll-like receptor expression profiles. G-MSCs (n = 5) were isolated, sorted via anti-STRO-1 antibodies and then disseminated on cell culture dishes to create colony-forming units (CFUs), and their stem/progenitor cell attributes were characterized. TQ stimulation of the G-MSCs was performed, followed by an examination of the expression of pluripotency-related factors using RT-PCR and the expression profiles of TLRs 1−10 using flowcytometry, and they were compared to a non-stimulated control group. The G-MSCs presented all the predefined stem/progenitor cells’ features. The TQ-activated G-MSCs displayed significantly higher expressions of TLR3 and NANOG with a significantly reduced expression of TLR1 (p < 0.05, Wilcoxon signed-rank test). TQ-mediated stimulation preserves G-MSCs’ pluripotency and facilitates a cellular shift into an immunocompetent-differentiating phenotype through increased TLR3 expression. This characteristic modulation might impact the potential therapeutic applications of G-MSCs.
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Fonticoli L, Della Rocca Y, Rajan TS, Murmura G, Trubiani O, Oliva S, Pizzicannella J, Marconi GD, Diomede F. A Narrative Review: Gingival Stem Cells as a Limitless Reservoir for Regenerative Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084135. [PMID: 35456951 PMCID: PMC9024914 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The gingival tissue can be collected in an easy way and represent an accessible source to isolate gingival-derived mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs). GMSCs are a subpopulation of dental-derived mesenchymal stem cells that show the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) features, such as differentiation abilities and immunomodulatory properties. Dental-derived stem cells are also expandable in vitro with genomic stability and the possibility to maintain the stemness properties over a prolonged period of passages. Moreover, several preclinical studies have documented that the extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from GMSCs possess similar biological functions and therapeutic effects. The EVs may represent a promising tool in the cell-free regenerative therapy approach. The present review paper summarized the GMSCs, their multi-lineage differentiation capacities, immunomodulatory features, and the potential use in the treatment of several diseases in order to stimulate tissue regeneration. GMSCs should be considered a good stem cell source for potential applications in tissue engineering and regenerative dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigia Fonticoli
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Ylenia Della Rocca
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Giovanna Murmura
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Oriana Trubiani
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Stefano Oliva
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Guya Diletta Marconi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesca Diomede
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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Andrukhov O. Toll-Like Receptors and Dental Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2022; 2:648901. [PMID: 35048000 PMCID: PMC8757738 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2021.648901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a promising tool for clinical application in and beyond dentistry. These cells possess multilineage differentiation potential and immunomodulatory properties. Due to their localization in the oral cavity, these cells could sometimes be exposed to different bacteria and viruses. Dental MSCs express various Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and therefore, they can recognize different microorganisms. The engagement of TLRs in dental MSCs by various ligands might change their properties and function. The differentiation capacity of dental MSCs might be either inhibited or enhanced by TLRs ligands depending on their nature and concentrations. Activation of TLR signaling in dental MSCs induces the production of proinflammatory mediators. Additionally, TLR ligands alter the immunomodulatory ability of dental MSCs, but this aspect is still poorly explored. Understanding the role of TLR signaling in dental MSCs physiology is essential to assess their role in oral homeostasis, inflammatory diseases, and tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleh Andrukhov
- Competence Center for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Andrukhov O, Blufstein A, Behm C. A Review of Antimicrobial Activity of Dental Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: Is There Any Potential? FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2022; 2:832976. [PMID: 35098213 PMCID: PMC8795861 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2021.832976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial defense is an essential component of host-microbial homeostasis and contributes substantially to oral health maintenance. Dental mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) possess multilineage differentiation potential, immunomodulatory properties and play an important role in various processes like regeneration and disease progression. Recent studies show that dental MSCs might also be involved in antibacterial defense. This occurs by producing antimicrobial peptides or attracting professional phagocytic immune cells and modulating their activity. The production of antimicrobial peptides and immunomodulatory abilities of dental MSCs are enhanced by an inflammatory environment and influenced by vitamin D3. Antimicrobial peptides also have anti-inflammatory effects in dental MSCs and improve their differentiation potential. Augmentation of antibacterial efficiency of dental MSCs could broaden their clinical application in dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleh Andrukhov
- Competence Center for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alice Blufstein
- Competence Center for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Behm
- Competence Center for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Fawzy El-Sayed KM, Bittner A, Schlicht K, Mekhemar M, Enthammer K, Höppner M, Es-Souni M, Schulz J, Laudes M, Graetz C, Dörfer CE, Schulte DM. Ascorbic Acid/Retinol and/or Inflammatory Stimuli's Effect on Proliferation/Differentiation Properties and Transcriptomics of Gingival Stem/Progenitor Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123310. [PMID: 34943818 PMCID: PMC8699152 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study explored the effects of ascorbic-acid (AA)/retinol and timed inflammation on the stemness, the regenerative potential, and the transcriptomics profile of gingival mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells' (G-MSCs). STRO-1 (mesenchymal stem cell marker) immuno-magnetically sorted G-MSCs were cultured in basic medium (control group), in basic medium with IL-1β (1 ng/mL), TNF-α (10 ng/mL) and IFN-γ (100 ng/mL, inflammatory-medium), in basic medium with AA (250 µmol/L) and retinol (20 µmol/L) (AA/retinol group) or in inflammatory medium with AA/retinol (inflammatory/AA/retinol group; n = 5/group). The intracellular levels of phosphorylated and total β-Catenin at 1 h, the expression of stemness genes over 7 days, the number of colony-forming units (CFUs) as well as the cellular proliferation aptitude over 14 days, and the G-MSCs' multilineage differentiation potential were assessed. Next-generation sequencing was undertaken to elaborate on up-/downregulated genes and altered intracellular pathways. G-MSCs demonstrated all mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells characteristics. Controlled inflammation with AA/retinol significantly elevated NANOG (p < 0.05). The AA/retinol-mediated reduction in intracellular phosphorylated β-Catenin was restored through the effect of controlled inflammation (p < 0.05). Cellular proliferation was highest in the AA/retinol group (p < 0.05). AA/retinol counteracted the inflammation-mediated reduction in G-MSCs' clonogenic ability and CFUs. Amplified chondrogenic differentiation was observed in the inflammatory/AA/retinol group. At 1 and 3 days, the differentially expressed genes were associated with development, proliferation, and migration (FOS, EGR1, SGK1, CXCL5, SIPA1L2, TFPI2, KRATP1-5), survival (EGR1, SGK1, TMEM132A), differentiation and mineral absorption (FOS, EGR1, MT1E, KRTAP1-5, ASNS, PSAT1), inflammation and MHC-II antigen processing (PER1, CTSS, CD74) and intracellular pathway activation (FKBP5, ZNF404). Less as well as more genes were activated the longer the G-MSCs remained in the inflammatory medium or AA/retinol, respectively. Combined, current results point at possibly interesting interactions between controlled inflammation or AA/retinol affecting stemness, proliferation, and differentiation attributes of G-MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim M. Fawzy El-Sayed
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (A.B.); (M.M.); (C.G.); (C.E.D.)
- Oral Medicine and Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo 11553, Egypt
- Stem cells and Tissue Engineering Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo 11553, Egypt
- Correspondence:
| | - Amira Bittner
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (A.B.); (M.M.); (C.G.); (C.E.D.)
| | - Kristina Schlicht
- Institute of Diabetes and Clinical Metabolic Research, School of Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24104 Kiel, Germany; (K.S.); (K.E.); (J.S.); (M.L.); (D.M.S.)
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Medicine I, School of Medicine, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Mohamed Mekhemar
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (A.B.); (M.M.); (C.G.); (C.E.D.)
| | - Kim Enthammer
- Institute of Diabetes and Clinical Metabolic Research, School of Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24104 Kiel, Germany; (K.S.); (K.E.); (J.S.); (M.L.); (D.M.S.)
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Medicine I, School of Medicine, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Marc Höppner
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany;
| | - Martha Es-Souni
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University Clinic Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany;
| | - Juliane Schulz
- Institute of Diabetes and Clinical Metabolic Research, School of Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24104 Kiel, Germany; (K.S.); (K.E.); (J.S.); (M.L.); (D.M.S.)
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Medicine I, School of Medicine, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence, Precision Medicine in Chronic Inflammation, School of Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Laudes
- Institute of Diabetes and Clinical Metabolic Research, School of Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24104 Kiel, Germany; (K.S.); (K.E.); (J.S.); (M.L.); (D.M.S.)
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Medicine I, School of Medicine, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence, Precision Medicine in Chronic Inflammation, School of Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Christian Graetz
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (A.B.); (M.M.); (C.G.); (C.E.D.)
| | - Christof E. Dörfer
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (A.B.); (M.M.); (C.G.); (C.E.D.)
| | - Dominik M. Schulte
- Institute of Diabetes and Clinical Metabolic Research, School of Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24104 Kiel, Germany; (K.S.); (K.E.); (J.S.); (M.L.); (D.M.S.)
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Medicine I, School of Medicine, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence, Precision Medicine in Chronic Inflammation, School of Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
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Sallustio F, Picerno A, Tatullo M, Rampino A, Rengo C, Valletta A, Torretta S, Falcone RM. Toll-Like Receptors in Stem/Progenitor Cells. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 276:175-212. [PMID: 34595583 DOI: 10.1007/164_2021_539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
One of the bridges that control the cross-talk between the innate and adaptive immune systems is toll-like receptors (TLRs). TLRs interact with molecules shared and maintained by the source pathogens, but also with endogenous molecules derived from injured tissues (damage/danger-associated molecular patterns - DAMPs). This is likely why some kinds of stem/progenitor cells (SCs) have been found to express TLRs. The role of TLRs in regulating basal motility, proliferation, processes of differentiation, self-renewal, and immunomodulation has been demonstrated in these cells. In this book chapter, we will discuss the many different functions assumed by the TLRs in SCs, pointing out that, depending on the context and the type of ligands they perceive, they may have different effects. In addition, the role of TLR in SC's response to specific tissue damage and in reparative processes will be addressed, as well as how the discovery of molecules mediating TLR signaling's differential function may be decisive for the development of new therapeutic strategies. Given the available studies on TLRs in SCs, the significance of TLRs in sensing an injury to stem/progenitor cells and evaluating their action and reparative activity, which depends on the circumstances, will be discussed here. It could also be possible that SCs used in therapy could theoretically be exposed to TLR ligands, which could modulate their in vivo therapeutic potential. In this context, we need to better understand the mechanisms of action of TLRs on SCs and learn how to regulate these receptors and their downstream pathways in a precise way in order to modulate SC proliferation, survival, migration, and differentiation in the pathological environment. In this way, cell therapy may be strengthened and made safer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Sallustio
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.
| | - Angela Picerno
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, DETO, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Tatullo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs-University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Rampino
- Group of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Carlo Rengo
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Valletta
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Torretta
- Group of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Falcone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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10
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Al-Qadhi G, Al-Rai S, Hafed L. The Therapeutic Potential of Inflamed Gingiva-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Preclinical Studies: A Scoping Review of a Unique Biomedical Waste. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:6619170. [PMID: 33628266 PMCID: PMC7889391 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6619170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Searching for considerable abundance, simple, and accessible sources in stem cell-based therapy opens the door for isolation of a new population of oral/dental stem cells known as inflamed gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells, which have recently come to light with promising therapeutic potential in tissue regenerative therapy. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines, this scoping review is aimed at highlighting the possible therapeutic potential of inflamed gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells in preclinical studies carried out to date and presenting the current evidence depends upon their comparison to the healthy gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells or other mesenchymal stem cell sources. A comprehensive electronic search using (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science) databases and a manual search of relevant references were conducted until June 2020. Included studies were assessed using a combination tool, including the guidelines for reporting preclinical in vitro studies on dental materials, which were based on the modification of the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trial checklist and the guidelines for animal research: reporting of in vivo experiments. The initial research provided 360 articles, with 13 articles that met the inclusion criteria. While most of the included studies lacked randomization, blinding, and sample size calculation, they were designed accurately in other aspects of the guidelines. The results of this scoping review indicated that inflamed gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells could be effective in terms of osteogenic differentiation, collagen fiber formation, immunoregulation, migration capacity, and testing of dental material and may present a reliable alternative source for healthy gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamilah Al-Qadhi
- Department of Basic Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Science and Technology, Yemen
| | - Sarah Al-Rai
- Department of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Saba University, Yemen
| | - Layla Hafed
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Ahram Canadian University, Giza, Egypt
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11
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Vázquez A, Fernández-Sevilla LM, Jiménez E, Pérez-Cabrera D, Yañez R, Subiza JL, Varas A, Valencia J, Vicente A. Involvement of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Oral Mucosal Bacterial Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2020; 11:567391. [PMID: 33329530 PMCID: PMC7711618 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.567391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent clinical observations indicate that bacterial vaccines induce cross-protection against infections produced by different microorganisms. MV130, a polyvalent bacterial sublingual preparation designed to prevent recurrent respiratory infectious diseases, reduces the infection rate in patients with recurrent respiratory tract infections. On the other hand, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are key cell components that contribute to the maintenance of tissue homeostasis and exert both immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive functions. Herein, we study the effects of MV130 in human MSC functionality as a potential mechanism that contributes to its clinical benefits. We provide evidence that during MV130 sublingual immunization of mice, resident oral mucosa MSCs can take up MV130 components and their numbers remain unchanged after vaccination, in contrast to granulocytes that are recruited from extramucosal tissues. MSCs treated in vitro with MV130 show an increased viability without affecting their differentiation potential. In the short-term, MSC treatment with MV130 induces higher leukocyte recruitment and T cell expansion. In contrast, once T-cell activation is initiated, MV130 stimulation induces an up-regulated expression of immunosuppressor factors in MSCs. Accordingly, MV130-primed MSCs reduce T lymphocyte proliferation, induce the differentiation of dendritic cells with immunosuppressive features and favor M2-like macrophage polarization, thus counterbalancing the immune response. In addition, MSCs trained with MV130 undergo functional changes, enhancing their immunomodulatory response to a secondary stimulus. Finally, we show that MSCs are able to uptake, process and retain a reservoir of the TLR ligands derived from MV130 digestion which can be subsequently transferred to dendritic cells, an additional feature that also may be associated to trained immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Vázquez
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lidia M Fernández-Sevilla
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Jiménez
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Pérez-Cabrera
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Yañez
- Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies Division, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Alberto Varas
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaris Valencia
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angeles Vicente
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
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12
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Özgül Özdemir RB, Özdemir AT, Kırmaz C, Eker Sarıboyacı A, Karaöz E, Erman G, Vatansever HS, Mete Gökmen N. Age-related changes in the immunomodulatory effects of human dental pulp derived mesenchymal stem cells on the CD4 + T cell subsets. Cytokine 2020; 138:155367. [PMID: 33223447 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are powerful immunomodulatory cells. The effects of the aging on these abilities of MSCs have not been adequately clarified. In this study, alterations in immunomodulatory abilities of MSCs caused by aging were investigated. For this, dental pulp (DP) MSCs and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of elderly and young donors were co-cultured age-matched and cross. We detected that the effects of DP-MSCs on Th1 and Th2 cells and their specific cytokines IFN-γ and IL-4 are not affected by aging. However, we observed that young and elderly DP-MSCs have different effects on Th17 and Treg cells. Th17 frequencies of young and elderly PBMCs were significantly increased only by young DP-MSCs, in contrast, Treg frequencies were significantly increased by elderly DP-MSCs. IL-6, IL-17a and HGF levels of both young and elderly PBMCs showed a significant increase only by young DP-MSCs, but TGF-β levels were significantly increased only by elderly DP-MSCs. The oral cavity is home to a rich microflora. The interactions of dental tissues with this microflora can lead them to acquire different epigenetic modifications. Aging can affect the microflora composition of the oral cavity and change this process in different directions. According to our findings, DP-MSCs are effective cells in the regulation of CD4+ T cells, and their effects on Th1 and Th2 cells were not affected by aging. However, pleiotropic molecules IL-6 and HGF expressions, which are important in dental and bone tissue regeneration, decreased significantly in elderly DP-MSCs. This situation may have indirectly made a difference in the modulation effects of young and elderly DP-MSCs on the Th17 and Treg cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alper Tunga Özdemir
- Merkezefendi State Hospital, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Manisa, Turkey.
| | - Cengiz Kırmaz
- Manisa Celal Bayar University, Medical School, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Ayla Eker Sarıboyacı
- Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Cellular Therapy and Stem Cell Production Application and Research Center, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Erdal Karaöz
- Liv Hospital, Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Istanbul, Turkey; Istinye University, Medical School, Department of Histology and Embryology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gülay Erman
- Sakarya University, Medical School, Department of Medical Biology, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - H Seda Vatansever
- Manisa Celal Bayar University, Medical School, Department of Histology and Embryology, Manisa, Turkey; Near East University, Experimental Health Science Research Center, Nicosia, North Cyprus, Turkey
| | - Nihal Mete Gökmen
- Ege University, Medical School, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Immunology, Izmir, Turkey
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13
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Ascorbic Acid, Inflammatory Cytokines (IL-1 β/TNF- α/IFN- γ), or Their Combination's Effect on Stemness, Proliferation, and Differentiation of Gingival Mesenchymal Stem/Progenitor Cells. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:8897138. [PMID: 32879629 PMCID: PMC7448213 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8897138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Ascorbic acid (AA) and controlled inflammatory stimuli are postulated to possess the ability to independently exert positive effects on a variety of proliferative, pluripotency, and differentiation attributes of gingival mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (G-MSCs). The current study's objective was to explore and compare for the first time the impact of the major inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β/TNF-α/IFN-γ), AA, or their combination on multipotency/pluripotency, proliferative, and differentiation characteristics of G-MSCs. Design Human G-MSCs (n = 5) were isolated and cultured in basic medium (control group), in basic medium with major inflammatory cytokines; 1 ng/ml IL-1β, 10 ng/ml TNF-α, and 100 ng/ml IFN-γ (inflammatory group), in basic medium with 250 μmol/l AA (AA group) and in inflammatory medium supplemented by AA (inflammatory/AA group). All media were renewed three times per week. In stimulated G-MSCs intracellular β-catenin at 1 hour, pluripotency gene expression at 1, 3, and 5 days, as well as colony-forming units (CFUs) ability and cellular proliferation over 14 days were examined. Following a five-days stimulation in the designated groups, multilineage differentiation was assessed via qualitative and quantitative histochemistry as well as mRNA expression. Results β-Catenin significantly decreased intracellularly in all experimental groups (p = 0.002, Friedman). AA group exhibited significantly higher cellular counts on days 3, 6, 7, and 13 (p < 0.05) and the highest CFUs at 14 days [median-CFUs (Q25/Q75); 40 (15/50), p = 0.043]. Significantly higher Nanog expression was noted in AA group [median gene-copies/PGK1 (Q25/Q75); 0.0006 (0.0002/0.0007), p < 0.01, Wilcoxon-signed-rank]. Significant multilineage differentiation abilities, especially into osteogenic and chondrogenic directions, were further evident in the AA group. Conclusions AA stimulation enhances G-MSCs' stemness, proliferation, and differentiation properties, effects which are associated with a Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway activation. Apart from initially boosting cellular metabolism as well as Sox2 and Oct4A pluripotency marker expression, inflammation appeared to attenuate these AA-induced positive effects. Current results reveal that for AA to exert its beneficial effects on G-MSCs' cellular attributes, it requires to act in an inflammation-free microenvironment.
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14
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Mesenchymal Stem/Progenitor Cells: The Prospect of Human Clinical Translation. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:8837654. [PMID: 33953753 PMCID: PMC8063852 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8837654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSCs) are key players in regenerative medicine, relying principally on their differentiation/regeneration potential, immunomodulatory properties, paracrine effects, and potent homing ability with minimal if any ethical concerns. Even though multiple preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated remarkable properties for MSCs, the clinical applicability of MSC-based therapies is still questionable. Several challenges exist that critically hinder a successful clinical translation of MSC-based therapies, including but not limited to heterogeneity of their populations, variability in their quality and quantity, donor-related factors, discrepancies in protocols for isolation, in vitro expansion and premodification, and variability in methods of cell delivery, dosing, and cell homing. Alterations of MSC viability, proliferation, properties, and/or function are also affected by various drugs and chemicals. Moreover, significant safety concerns exist due to possible teratogenic/neoplastic potential and transmission of infectious diseases. Through the current review, we aim to highlight the major challenges facing MSCs' human clinical translation and shed light on the undergoing strategies to overcome them.
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15
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Response of Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Periodontal Tissue to LPS Depends on the Purity but Not on the LPS Source. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:8704896. [PMID: 32714091 PMCID: PMC7352132 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8704896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human periodontal ligament stromal cells (hPDLSCs) and gingival mesenchymal stromal cells (hGMSCs) are resident mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) of the periodontal tissue. The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Porphyromonas gingivalis is structurally distinct from that of other Gram-negative bacteria, and earlier studies linked this structural difference to a distinct virulence activity and the ability to activate toll-like receptor 2 (TLR-2), besides TLR-4 as commonly occurring upon LPS challenge. Later studies, in contrast, argue that TLR-2 activation by P. gingivalis LPS is due to lipoprotein contamination. In the present study, we aimed to define the influence of structure versus purity of P. gingivalis LPS on the immune response of hPDLSCs and hGMSCs. Cells were stimulated with commercially available "standard" P. gingivalis LPS, "ultrapure" P. gingivalis LPS, or "ultrapure" Escherichia coli LPS, and the expression of interleukin- (IL-) 8, IL-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein- (MCP-) 1, TLR-2, and TLR-4 was evaluated. The contribution of TLR-4 to the LPS-induced response was assessed using the specific TLR-4 inhibitor TAK-242. "Standard" P. gingivalis LPS induced significantly higher IL-8, IL-6, and MCP-1 production compared to the "ultrapure" LPS preparations, with no significant difference detectable for "ultrapure" LPS from P. gingivalis and E. coli. By using TAK-242, the response of hPDLSCs and hGMSCs to "ultrapure" LPS preparations was effectively inhibited to the levels comparable to those of nonstimulated controls. In contrast, high levels of response to "standard" LPS were observed, even in the presence of TAK-242. Our data show that the response of MSCs from periodontal tissue to LPS depends more on the purity of the LPS preparation than on the LPS source. Even a small amount of contaminating lipoproteins can drastically enhance the hPDLSCs' and hGMSCs; responsiveness to P. gingivalis LPS, which might also contribute to the progression of periodontal disease.
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16
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Mekhemar M, Tölle J, Dörfer C, Fawzy El‐Sayed K. TLR3 ligation affects differentiation and stemness properties of gingival mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells. J Clin Periodontol 2020; 47:991-1005. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Mekhemar
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology School of Dental Medicine Christian‐Albrecht’s University Kiel Germany
- Universitätsklinikum SchleswigȐHolstein Ȑ Campus, Kiel
| | - Johannes Tölle
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology School of Dental Medicine Christian‐Albrecht’s University Kiel Germany
| | - Christof Dörfer
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology School of Dental Medicine Christian‐Albrecht’s University Kiel Germany
| | - Karim Fawzy El‐Sayed
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology School of Dental Medicine Christian‐Albrecht’s University Kiel Germany
- Oral Medicine and Periodontology Department Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine Cairo University Cairo Egypt
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17
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Effect of Inflammation on Gingival Mesenchymal Stem/Progenitor Cells' Proliferation and Migration through Microperforated Membranes: An In Vitro Study. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:5373418. [PMID: 32148522 PMCID: PMC7054781 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5373418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the field of periodontal guided tissue regeneration, microperforated membranes have recently proved to be very promising periodontal regenerative tissue engineering tools. Regenerative periodontal approaches, employing gingival mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells in combination with these novel membranes, would occur mostly in inflamed microenvironmental conditions intraorally. This in turn entails the investigation into how inflammation would affect the proliferation as well as the migration dynamics of gingival mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells. Materials and Methods. Clones of human gingival mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (GMSCs) from inflamed gingival tissues were characterized for stem/progenitor cells' characteristics and compared to clones of healthy human GMSCs (n = 3), to be subsequently seeded on perforated collagen-coated poly-tetra-floro-ethylene (PTFE) membranes with a pore size 0.4 and 3 microns and polycarbonic acid membranes of 8 microns pore size in Transwell systems. The population doubling time and the MTT test of both populations were determined. Fetal bovine serum (FBS) was used as a chemoattractant in the culturing systems, and both groups were compared to their negative controls without FBS. Following 24 hours of incubation period, migrating cells were determined on the undersurface of microperforated membranes and the membrane-seeded cells were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Results GMSCs demonstrated all predefined stem/progenitor cell characteristics. GMSCs from inflamed gingival tissues showed significantly shorter population doubling times. GMSCs of inflamed and healthy tissues did not show significant differences in their migration abilities towards the chemoattractant, with no cellular migration observed in the absence of FBS. GMSCs from healthy gingival tissue migrated significantly better through larger micropores (8 microns). Scanning electron microscopic images proved the migratory activity of the cells through the membrane pores. Conclusions Inflammation appears to boost the proliferative abilities of GMSCs. In terms of migration through membrane pores, GMSCs from healthy as well as inflamed gingival tissues do not demonstrate a difference in their migration abilities through smaller pore sizes, whereas GMSCs from healthy gingival tissues appear to migrate significantly better through larger micropores.
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18
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Ayoub S, Berbéri A, Fayyad-Kazan M. An update on human periapical cyst-mesenchymal stem cells and their potential applications in regenerative medicine. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:2381-2389. [PMID: 32026284 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05298-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The broad clinical applications of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) in the regenerative medicine field is attributed to their ability to self-renew and differentiate into multiple cellular lineages. Nowadays, MSCs can be derived from a variety of adult and fetal tissues including bone marrow, adipose tissue, umbilical cord and placenta. The difficulties associated with the isolation of MSCs from certain tissues such as bone marrow promoted the search for alternative tissues which are easily accessible. Oral derived MSCs include dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), dental follicle progenitor cells (DFPC), and periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSC). Being abundant and easily accessible, oral derived MSCs represent an interesting alternative MSC type to be employed in regenerative medicine. Human periapical cyst-mesenchymal stem cells (hPCy-MSCs) correspond to a newly discovered and characterized MSC subtype. Interestingly, hPCy-MSCs are collected from periapical cysts, which are a biological waste, without any influence on the other healthy tissues in oral cavity. hPCy-MSCs exhibit cell surface marker profile similar to that of other oral derived MSCs, show high proliferative potency, and possess the potential to differentiate into different cell types such as osteoblasts, adipocytes and neurons-like cells. hPCy-MSCs, therefore, represent a novel promising MSCs type to be applied in regenerative medicine domain. In this review, we will compare the different types of dental derived MSCs, we will highlight the isolation technique, the characteristics, and the therapeutic potential of hPCy-MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ayoub
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Antoine Berbéri
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mohammad Fayyad-Kazan
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon. .,Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon.
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19
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El Moshy S, Radwan IA, Rady D, Abbass MMS, El-Rashidy AA, Sadek KM, Dörfer CE, Fawzy El-Sayed KM. Dental Stem Cell-Derived Secretome/Conditioned Medium: The Future for Regenerative Therapeutic Applications. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:7593402. [PMID: 32089709 PMCID: PMC7013327 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7593402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine literature has proposed mesenchymal stem/progenitor cell- (MSC-) mediated therapeutic approaches for their great potential in managing various diseases and tissue defects. Dental MSCs represent promising alternatives to nondental MSCs, owing to their ease of harvesting with minimally invasive procedures. Their mechanism of action has been attributed to their cell-to-cell contacts as well as to the paracrine effect of their secreted factors, namely, secretome. In this context, dental MSC-derived secretome/conditioned medium could represent a unique cell-free regenerative and therapeutic approach, with fascinating advantages over parent cells. This article reviews the application of different populations of dental MSC secretome/conditioned medium in in vitro and in vivo animal models, highlights their significant implementation in treating different tissue' diseases, and clarifies the significant bioactive molecules involved in their regenerative potential. The analysis of these recent studies clearly indicate that dental MSCs' secretome/conditioned medium could be effective in treating neural injuries, for dental tissue regeneration, in repairing bone defects, and in managing cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, hepatic regeneration, and skin injuries, through regulating anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, angiogenic, osteogenic, and neurogenic mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara El Moshy
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Stem cells and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Israa Ahmed Radwan
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Stem cells and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dina Rady
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Stem cells and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa M. S. Abbass
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Stem cells and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aiah A. El-Rashidy
- Stem cells and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khadiga M. Sadek
- Stem cells and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Christof E. Dörfer
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Karim M. Fawzy El-Sayed
- Stem cells and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
- Oral Medicine and Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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20
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Andrukhov O, Behm C, Blufstein A, Rausch-Fan X. Immunomodulatory properties of dental tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells: Implication in disease and tissue regeneration. World J Stem Cells 2019; 11:604-617. [PMID: 31616538 PMCID: PMC6789188 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i9.604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered as an attractive tool for tissue regeneration and possess a strong immunomodulatory ability. Dental tissue-derived MSCs can be isolated from different sources, such as the dental pulp, periodontal ligament, deciduous teeth, apical papilla, dental follicles and gingiva. According to numerous in vitro studies, the effect of dental MSCs on immune cells might depend on several factors, such as the experimental setting, MSC tissue source and type of immune cell preparation. Most studies have shown that the immunomodulatory activity of dental MSCs is strongly upregulated by activated immune cells. MSCs exert mostly immunosuppressive effects, leading to the dampening of immune cell activation. Thus, the reciprocal interaction between dental MSCs and immune cells represents an elegant mechanism that potentially contributes to tissue homeostasis and inflammatory disease progression. Although the immunomodulatory potential of dental MSCs has been extensively investigated in vitro, its role in vivo remains obscure. A few studies have reported that the MSCs isolated from inflamed dental tissues have a compromised immunomodulatory ability. Moreover, the expression of some immunomodulatory proteins is enhanced in periodontal disease and even shows some correlation with disease severity. MSC-based immunomodulation may play an essential role in the regeneration of different dental tissues. Therefore, immunomodulation-based strategies may be a very promising tool in regenerative dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleh Andrukhov
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Christian Behm
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Alice Blufstein
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Xiaohui Rausch-Fan
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
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21
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Fawzy El-Sayed KM, Elahmady M, Adawi Z, Aboushadi N, Elnaggar A, Eid M, Hamdy N, Sanaa D, Dörfer CE. The periodontal stem/progenitor cell inflammatory-regenerative cross talk: A new perspective. J Periodontal Res 2019; 54:81-94. [PMID: 30295324 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adult multipotent stem/progenitor cells, with remarkable regenerative potential, have been isolated from various components of the human periodontium. These multipotent stem/progenitor cells include the periodontal ligament stem/progenitor cells (PDLSCs), stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAP), the gingival mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (G-MSCs), and the alveolar bone proper stem/progenitor cells (AB-MSCs). Whereas inflammation is regarded as the reason for tissue damage, it also remains a fundamental step of any early healing process. In performing their periodontal tissue regenerative/reparative activity, periodontal stem/progenitor cells interact with their surrounding inflammatory micro-environmental, through their expressed receptors, which could influence their fate and the outcome of any periodontal stem/progenitor cell-mediated reparative/regenerative activity. The present review discusses the current understanding about the interaction of periodontal stem/progenitor cells with their surrounding inflammatory micro-environment, elaborates on the inflammatory factors influencing their stemness, proliferation, migration/homing, differentiation, and immunomodulatory attributes, the possible underlying intracellular mechanisms, as well as their proposed relationship to the canonical and noncanonical Wnt pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim M Fawzy El-Sayed
- Oral Medicine and Periodontology Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Zeina Adawi
- Faculty of Dentistry, New Giza University, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Ali Elnaggar
- Faculty of Dentistry, New Giza University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Maryam Eid
- Faculty of Dentistry, New Giza University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nayera Hamdy
- Faculty of Dentistry, New Giza University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Dalia Sanaa
- Faculty of Dentistry, New Giza University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Christof E Dörfer
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
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22
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Fawzy El-Sayed KM, Hein D, Dörfer CE. Retinol/inflammation affect stemness and differentiation potential of gingival stem/progenitor cells via Wnt/β-catenin. J Periodontal Res 2019; 54:413-423. [PMID: 30830694 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Inflammatory cytokines impact the course of periodontal disease, repair, and regeneration. Vitamin A and its metabolites are inflammation-modulatory biomolecules, affecting cellular pluripotency. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of retinol and periodontal inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β/TNF-α/IFN-γ) on pluripotency and proliferative properties of gingival mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (G-MSCs), for the first time. MATERIAL AND METHODS Human G-MSCs (n = 5) were STRO-1 immuno-magnetically sorted, characterized and expanded in basic medium (control group), in basic medium with IL-1β (1 ng/mL), TNF-α (10 ng/mL), and IFN-γ (100 ng/mL) (inflammatory group), in basic medium with retinol (20 μmol/L) (retinol group) and with retinol added to the inflammatory group (inflammatory/retinol group). β-catenin levels at 1 hour, cellular proliferation over 14 days, and colony-forming units (CFUs) at 14 days were investigated. Pluripotency gene expressions were examined at 1, 3, and 5 days via reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Multilineage differentiation potential was evaluated, following 5 days priming, using qualitative and quantitative histochemistry and RT-PCR. RESULTS G-MSCs were CD14- , CD34- , CD45- , CD73+ , CD90+ , CD105+ , and showed mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells' hallmarks, CFUs, and multilineage differentiation potential. Intracellular β-catenin significantly declined in the stimulated groups (P < 0.001, Friedman test). Cellular proliferation at 72 hours was most prominent in the control and inflammatory group [Median cell numbers (Q25/Q75); 6806 (4983/7312) and 5414 (4457/7230), respectively], followed by an upsurge in the retinol group. At 14 days, the retinol group exhibited the highest CFUs [Median CFUs (Q25/Q75); 35 (20/58), P = 0.043, Wilcoxon signed-rank]. Nanog was most expressed in the inflammatory and retinol group [Median gene expression/PGK1 (Q25/Q75); 0.0006 (0.0002/0.0014) and 0.0005 (0.0003/0.0008)]. Inflammation significantly upregulated Sox2 expression [0.0002 (0.0008/0.0005)], while its expression was diminished in the retinol and inflammatory/retinol group (P < 0.001, Friedman test). Inflammatory/retinol group exhibited the highest multilineage differentiation potential. CONCLUSION Controlled short-term inflammatory/retinol stimuli activate the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, affecting G-MSCs' pluripotency, proliferation, and differentiation. The present findings provide further insights into the inflammatory-regenerative interactions and their modulation potential for G-MSCs-mediated periodontal repair/regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim M Fawzy El-Sayed
- Oral Medicine and Periodontology Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Daniela Hein
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christof E Dörfer
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
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Mitochondrial Neuroglobin Is Necessary for Protection Induced by Conditioned Medium from Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Astrocytic Cells Subjected to Scratch and Metabolic Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:5167-5187. [PMID: 30536184 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1442-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes are specialized cells capable of regulating inflammatory responses in neurodegenerative diseases or traumatic brain injury. In addition to playing an important role in neuroinflammation, these cells regulate essential functions for the preservation of brain tissue. Therefore, the search for therapeutic alternatives to preserve these cells and maintain their functions contributes in some way to counteract the progress of the injury and maintain neuronal survival in various brain pathologies. Among these strategies, the conditioned medium from human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (CM-hMSCA) has been reported with a potential beneficial effect against several neuropathologies. In this study, we evaluated the potential effect of CM-hMSCA in a model of human astrocytes (T98G cells) subjected to scratch injury. Our findings demonstrated that CM-hMSCA regulates the cytokines IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, GM-CSF, and TNF-α, downregulates calcium at the cytoplasmic level, and regulates mitochondrial dynamics and the respiratory chain. These actions are accompanied by modulation of the expression of different proteins involved in signaling pathways such as AKT/pAKT and ERK1/2/pERK, and may mediate the localization of neuroglobin (Ngb) at the cellular level. We also confirmed that Ngb mediated the protective effects of CM-hMSCA through regulation of proteins involved in survival pathways and oxidative stress. In conclusion, regulation of brain inflammation combined with the recovery of fundamental cellular aspects in the face of injury makes CM-hMSCA a promising candidate for the protection of astrocytes in brain pathologies.
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Rajan TS, Diomede F, Bramanti P, Trubiani O, Mazzon E. Conditioned medium from human gingival mesenchymal stem cells protects motor-neuron-like NSC-34 cells against scratch-injury-induced cell death. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2017; 30:383-394. [PMID: 29140156 PMCID: PMC5806806 DOI: 10.1177/0394632017740976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal cell death is a normal process during central nervous system (CNS) development and is also involved in the death of motor neurons in diverse spinal motor neuron degenerative diseases. Here, we investigated the neuroprotective effect of secretory factors released from human gingival mesenchymal stem cells (hGMSCs) in mechanically injured murine motor-neuron-like NSC-34 cells. The cells were exposed to scratch injury and the markers for apoptosis and oxidative stress were examined. Immunocytochemistry results showed that proapoptotic markers cleaved caspase-3 and Bax were elevated while anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was suppressed in scratch-injured NSC-34 cells. Oxidative stress markers SOD-1, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), Cox-2, and proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were activated. Conditioned medium (CM) derived from hGMSCs (hGMSC-CM) significantly blocked the cell death by suppressing SOD-1, iNOS, TNF-α, cleaved caspase-3, and Bax. Bcl-2 and anti-inflammatory cytokine anti-interleukin 10 (IL-10) were increased in hGMSC-CM-treated injured cells. Moreover, hGMSC-CM treatment upregulated neurotrophins anti-brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and NT3. Western blot data of hGMSC-CM revealed the presence of neurotrophins nerve growth factor (NGF), NT3, anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10, and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), suggesting their positive role to elicit neuroprotection. Our results propose that hGMSC-CM may serve as a simple and potential autologous therapeutic tool to treat motor neuron injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesca Diomede
- 2 Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Oriana Trubiani
- 2 Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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IL-1/TNF- α Inflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Synchronization Affects Gingival Stem/Progenitor Cells' Regenerative Attributes. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:1349481. [PMID: 29250118 PMCID: PMC5700502 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1349481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokines play major roles in tissue destruction/repair. The present study investigates proliferative and osteogenic differentiation potentials of gingival mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (G-MSCs), influenced by IL-1/TNF-α inflammatory/anti-inflammatory conditions. Human G-MSCs were isolated, characterized, and cultured in basic medium (control group, M1), in basic medium with IL-1β, TNF-α, and IFN-γ (inflammatory group, M2) and with IL-1ra/TNF-αi added to M2 (anti-inflammatory group, M3). MTT tests at days 1, 3, and 7 and CFU assay at day 12 were conducted. Osteogenic differentiation was analyzed by bone-specific transcription factors (RUNX2), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), type I collagen (Col-I), osteopontin (OPN), and osteonectin (ON) expression at days 1, 3, 7, and 14 and Alizarin red staining at day 14. At day 3, the control group showed the highest cell numbers. At day 7, cell numbers in inflammatory and anti-inflammatory group outnumbered the control group. At day 12, CFUs decreased in the inflammatory and anti-inflammatory groups, with altered cellular morphology. The anti-inflammatory group demonstrated elevated bone-specific transcription factors at 14 days. After 14 days of osteogenic induction, calcified nodules in the anti-inflammatory group were higher compared to control and inflammatory groups. For regeneration, initial inflammatory stimuli appear essential for G-MSCs' proliferation. With inflammatory persistence, this positive effect perishes and is followed by a short-term stimulatory one on osteogenesis. At this stage, selective anti-inflammatory intervention could boost G-MSCs' differentiation.
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Zhou L, Dörfer CE, Chen L, Fawzy El-Sayed KM. Porphyromonas gingivalislipopolysaccharides affect gingival stem/progenitor cells attributes through NF-κB, but not Wnt/β-catenin, pathway. J Clin Periodontol 2017; 44:1112-1122. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhou
- Clinic of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology; School of Dental Medicine; Christian-Albrechts Universität at Kiel; Kiel Germany
- Department of Oral Medicine; The Second Affiliated Hospital; School of Medicine; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou China
| | - Christof E. Dörfer
- Clinic of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology; School of Dental Medicine; Christian-Albrechts Universität at Kiel; Kiel Germany
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Oral Medicine; The Second Affiliated Hospital; School of Medicine; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou China
| | - Karim M. Fawzy El-Sayed
- Clinic of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology; School of Dental Medicine; Christian-Albrechts Universität at Kiel; Kiel Germany
- Oral Medicine and Periodontology Department; Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine; Cairo University; Cairo Egypt
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