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Dong Y, Chen Y, Ma G, Cao H. The role of E3 ubiquitin ligases in bone homeostasis and related diseases. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:3963-3987. [PMID: 37799379 PMCID: PMC10547920 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) dedicates to degrade intracellular proteins to modulate demic homeostasis and functions of organisms. These enzymatic cascades mark and modifies target proteins diversly through covalently binding ubiquitin molecules. In the UPS, E3 ubiquitin ligases are the crucial constituents by the advantage of recognizing and presenting proteins to proteasomes for proteolysis. As the major regulators of protein homeostasis, E3 ligases are indispensable to proper cell manners in diverse systems, and they are well described in physiological bone growth and bone metabolism. Pathologically, classic bone-related diseases such as metabolic bone diseases, arthritis, bone neoplasms and bone metastasis of the tumor, etc., were also depicted in a UPS-dependent manner. Therefore, skeletal system is versatilely regulated by UPS and it is worthy to summarize the underlying mechanism. Furthermore, based on the current status of treatment, normal or pathological osteogenesis and tumorigenesis elaborated in this review highlight the clinical significance of UPS research. As a strategy possibly remedies the limitations of UPS treatment, emerging PROTAC was described comprehensively to illustrate its potential in clinical application. Altogether, the purpose of this review aims to provide more evidence for exploiting novel therapeutic strategies based on UPS for bone associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guixing Ma
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Huiling Cao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, Shenzhen 518055, China
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2
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Zheng C, Chen J, Wu Y, Wang X, Lin Y, Shu L, Liu W, Wang P. Elucidating the role of ubiquitination and deubiquitination in osteoarthritis progression. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1217466. [PMID: 37359559 PMCID: PMC10288844 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1217466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is non-inflammatory degenerative joint arthritis, which exacerbates disability in elder persons. The molecular mechanisms of osteoarthritis are elusive. Ubiquitination, one type of post-translational modifications, has been demonstrated to accelerate or ameliorate the development and progression of osteoarthritis via targeting specific proteins for ubiquitination and determining protein stability and localization. Ubiquitination process can be reversed by a class of deubiquitinases via deubiquitination. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the multifaceted role of E3 ubiquitin ligases in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. We also describe the molecular insight of deubiquitinases into osteoarthritis processes. Moreover, we highlight the multiple compounds that target E3 ubiquitin ligases or deubiquitinases to influence osteoarthritis progression. We discuss the challenge and future perspectives via modulation of E3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinases expression for enhancement of the therapeutic efficacy in osteoarthritis patients. We conclude that modulating ubiquitination and deubiquitination could alleviate the osteoarthritis pathogenesis to achieve the better treatment outcomes in osteoarthritis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxiao Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiayi Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yurui Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaochao Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongan Lin
- South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lilu Shu
- Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Zhongwei Medical Research Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Zhongwei Medical Research Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peter Wang
- Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Zhongwei Medical Research Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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3
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Renshaw L, Kim P, Crici M, Fazelinia H, Spruce L, Oliver P, Moser E. The Ubiquitin Ligase Itch Skews Light Zone Selection in Germinal Centers. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 210:1473-1481. [PMID: 36929899 PMCID: PMC10159933 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Ig diversification occurs in peripheral lymphoid organs after establishment of central tolerance during B cell development. In germinal centers (GCs), somatic hypermutation of Ig genes occurs in dark zones, followed by selection of mutated clones in light zones (LZs). This generates high-affinity Ig receptors to pathogens but can also produce autoreactive Ig receptors, which are removed by selection mechanisms that are incompletely understood. The ubiquitin ligase Itch prevents the emergence of autoimmune disease and autoantibodies in humans and mice, and patients lacking Itch develop potentially fatal autoimmune diseases; yet, how Itch regulates GC B cells is not well understood. By studying Itch-deficient mice, we have recently shown that Itch directly limits the magnitude of GC responses. Proteomic profiling of GC B cells uncovered that Itch-deficient cells exhibit high mTORC1 and Myc activity, hallmarks of positive selection. Bone marrow chimera and adoptive transfer experiments revealed that B cell Itch restricts noncycling LZ cells. These results support, to our knowledge, a novel role for Itch in skewing selection of GC B cells to restrict LZ accumulation and shape GC-derived humoral immunity. Determining how B cells integrate cues within GCs to navigate through LZs and dark zones will aid in understanding how autoreactive clones emerge from GCs in people with autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Renshaw
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Peter Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Macaul Crici
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | | | - Lynn Spruce
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Paula Oliver
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Emily Moser
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
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4
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Pandey D, Harris M, Garud NR, Narasimhan VM. Understanding natural selection in Holocene Europe using multi-locus genotype identity scans. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.24.538113. [PMID: 37163039 PMCID: PMC10168228 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.24.538113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Ancient DNA (aDNA) has been a revolutionary technology in understanding human history but has not been used extensively to study natural selection as large sample sizes to study allele frequency changes over time have thus far not been available. Here, we examined a time transect of 708 published samples over the past 7,000 years of European history using multi-locus genotype-based selection scans. As aDNA data is affected by high missingness, ascertainment bias, DNA damage, random allele calling, and is unphased, we first validated our selection scan, G 12 a n c i e n t , on simulated data resembling aDNA under a demographic model that captures broad features of the allele frequency spectrum of European genomes as well as positive controls that have been previously identified and functionally validated in modern European datasets on data from ancient individuals from time periods very close to the present time. We then applied our statistic to the aDNA time transect to detect and resolve the timing of natural selection occurring genome wide and found several candidates of selection across the different time periods that had not been picked up by selection scans using single SNP allele frequency approaches. In addition, enrichment analysis discovered multiple categories of complex traits that might be under adaptation across these periods. Our results demonstrate the utility of applying different types of selection scans to aDNA to uncover putative selection signals at loci in the ancient past that might have been masked in modern samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devansh Pandey
- Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin
| | - Mariana Harris
- Department of Computational Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Nandita R Garud
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Vagheesh M Narasimhan
- Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, The University of Texas at Austin
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5
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Berlin I, Sapmaz A, Stévenin V, Neefjes J. Ubiquitin and its relatives as wizards of the endolysosomal system. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:288517. [PMID: 36825571 PMCID: PMC10022685 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The endolysosomal system comprises a dynamic constellation of vesicles working together to sense and interpret environmental cues and facilitate homeostasis. Integrating extracellular information with the internal affairs of the cell requires endosomes and lysosomes to be proficient in decision-making: fusion or fission; recycling or degradation; fast transport or contacts with other organelles. To effectively discriminate between these options, the endolysosomal system employs complex regulatory strategies that crucially rely on reversible post-translational modifications (PTMs) with ubiquitin (Ub) and ubiquitin-like (Ubl) proteins. The cycle of conjugation, recognition and removal of different Ub- and Ubl-modified states informs cellular protein stability and behavior at spatial and temporal resolution and is thus well suited to finetune macromolecular complex assembly and function on endolysosomal membranes. Here, we discuss how ubiquitylation (also known as ubiquitination) and its biochemical relatives orchestrate endocytic traffic and designate cargo fate, influence membrane identity transitions and support formation of membrane contact sites (MCSs). Finally, we explore the opportunistic hijacking of Ub and Ubl modification cascades by intracellular bacteria that remodel host trafficking pathways to invade and prosper inside cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilana Berlin
- Oncode Institute, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center LUMC, Einthovenweg 20, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Aysegul Sapmaz
- Oncode Institute, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center LUMC, Einthovenweg 20, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Virginie Stévenin
- Oncode Institute, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center LUMC, Einthovenweg 20, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jacques Neefjes
- Oncode Institute, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center LUMC, Einthovenweg 20, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands
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6
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Campos JS, Henrickson SE. Defining and targeting patterns of T cell dysfunction in inborn errors of immunity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:932715. [PMID: 36189259 PMCID: PMC9516113 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.932715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) are a group of more than 450 monogenic disorders that impair immune development and function. A subset of IEIs blend increased susceptibility to infection, autoimmunity, and malignancy and are known collectively as primary immune regulatory disorders (PIRDs). While many aspects of immune function are altered in PIRDs, one key impact is on T-cell function. By their nature, PIRDs provide unique insights into human T-cell signaling; alterations in individual signaling molecules tune downstream signaling pathways and effector function. Quantifying T-cell dysfunction in PIRDs and the underlying causative mechanisms is critical to identifying existing therapies and potential novel therapeutic targets to treat our rare patients and gain deeper insight into the basic mechanisms of T-cell function. Though there are many types of T-cell dysfunction, here we will focus on T-cell exhaustion, a key pathophysiological state. Exhaustion has been described in both human and mouse models of disease, where the chronic presence of antigen and inflammation (e.g., chronic infection or malignancy) induces a state of altered immune profile, transcriptional and epigenetic states, as well as impaired T-cell function. Since a subset of PIRDs amplify T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling and/or inflammatory cytokine signaling cascades, it is possible that they could induce T-cell exhaustion by genetically mimicking chronic infection. Here, we review the fundamentals of T-cell exhaustion and its possible role in IEIs in which genetic mutations mimic prolonged or amplified T-cell receptor and/or cytokine signaling. Given the potential insight from the many forms of PIRDs in understanding T-cell function and the challenges in obtaining primary cells from these rare disorders, we also discuss advances in CRISPR-Cas9 genome-editing technologies and potential applications to edit healthy donor T cells that could facilitate further study of mechanisms of immune dysfunctions in PIRDs. Editing T cells to match PIRD patient genetic variants will allow investigations into the mechanisms underpinning states of dysregulated T-cell function, including T-cell exhaustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose S. Campos
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sarah E. Henrickson
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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7
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Modulating the Ubiquitin–Proteasome System: A Therapeutic Strategy for Autoimmune Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071093. [PMID: 35406655 PMCID: PMC8997991 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune, neurodegenerative disease associated with the central nervous system (CNS). Autoimmunity is caused by an abnormal immune response to self-antigens, which results in chronic inflammation and tissue death. Ubiquitination is a post-translational modification in which ubiquitin molecules are attached to proteins by ubiquitinating enzymes, and then the modified proteins are degraded by the proteasome system. In addition to regulating proteasomal degradation of proteins, ubiquitination also regulates other cellular functions that are independent of proteasomal degradation. It plays a vital role in intracellular protein turnover and immune signaling and responses. The ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) is primarily responsible for the nonlysosomal proteolysis of intracellular proteins. The 26S proteasome is a multicatalytic adenosine-triphosphate-dependent protease that recognizes ubiquitin covalently attached to particular proteins and targets them for degradation. Damaged, oxidized, or misfolded proteins, as well as regulatory proteins that govern many essential cellular functions, are removed by this degradation pathway. When this system is affected, cellular homeostasis is altered, resulting in the induction of a range of diseases. This review discusses the biochemistry and molecular biology of the UPS, including its role in the development of MS and proteinopathies. Potential therapies and targets involving the UPS are also addressed.
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8
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Ruan T, Sun Y, Zhang J, Sun J, Liu W, Prinz RA, Peng D, Liu X, Xu X. H5N1 infection impairs the alveolar epithelial barrier through intercellular junction proteins via Itch-mediated proteasomal degradation. Commun Biol 2022; 5:186. [PMID: 35233032 PMCID: PMC8888635 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03131-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The H5N1 subtype of the avian influenza virus causes sporadic but fatal infections in humans. H5N1 virus infection leads to the disruption of the alveolar epithelial barrier, a pathologic change that often progresses into acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and pneumonia. The mechanisms underlying this remain poorly understood. Here we report that H5N1 viruses downregulate the expression of intercellular junction proteins (E-cadherin, occludin, claudin-1, and ZO-1) in several cell lines and the lungs of H5N1 virus-infected mice. H5N1 virus infection activates TGF-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), which then activates p38 and ERK to induce E3 ubiquitin ligase Itch expression and to promote occludin ubiquitination and degradation. Inhibition of the TAK1-Itch pathway restores the intercellular junction structure and function in vitro and in the lungs of H5N1 virus-infected mice. Our study suggests that H5N1 virus infection impairs the alveolar epithelial barrier by downregulating the expression of intercellular junction proteins at the posttranslational level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ruan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuling Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jingting Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jing Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, China.,Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Richard A Prinz
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL, 60201, USA
| | - Daxin Peng
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiufan Liu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiulong Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, China. .,Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, China. .,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, China.
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9
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E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Regulators of Notch Receptor Endocytosis: From Flies to Humans. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020224. [PMID: 35204725 PMCID: PMC8961608 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Notch is a developmental receptor, conserved in the evolution of the metazoa, which regulates cell fate proliferation and survival in numerous developmental contexts, and also regulates tissue renewal and repair in adult organisms. Notch is activated by proteolytic removal of its extracellular domain and the subsequent release of its intracellular domain, which then acts in the nucleus as part of a transcription factor complex. Numerous regulatory mechanisms exist to tune the amplitude, duration and spatial patterning of this core signalling mechanism. In Drosophila, Deltex (Dx) and Suppressor of dx (Su(dx)) are E3 ubiquitin ligases which interact with the Notch intracellular domain to regulate its endocytic trafficking, with impacts on both ligand-dependent and ligand-independent signal activation. Homologues of Dx and Su(dx) have been shown to also interact with one or more of the four mammalian Notch proteins and other target substrates. Studies have shown similarities, specialisations and diversifications of the roles of these Notch regulators. This review collates together current research on vertebrate Dx and Su(dx)-related proteins, provides an overview of their various roles, and discusses their contributions to cell fate regulation and disease.
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10
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Sogkas G, Atschekzei F, Adriawan IR, Dubrowinskaja N, Witte T, Schmidt RE. Cellular and molecular mechanisms breaking immune tolerance in inborn errors of immunity. Cell Mol Immunol 2021; 18:1122-1140. [PMID: 33795850 PMCID: PMC8015752 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-00626-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to susceptibility to infections, conventional primary immunodeficiency disorders (PIDs) and inborn errors of immunity (IEI) can cause immune dysregulation, manifesting as lymphoproliferative and/or autoimmune disease. Autoimmunity can be the prominent phenotype of PIDs and commonly includes cytopenias and rheumatological diseases, such as arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and Sjogren's syndrome (SjS). Recent advances in understanding the genetic basis of systemic autoimmune diseases and PIDs suggest an at least partially shared genetic background and therefore common pathogenic mechanisms. Here, we explore the interconnected pathogenic pathways of autoimmunity and primary immunodeficiency, highlighting the mechanisms breaking the different layers of immune tolerance to self-antigens in selected IEI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Sogkas
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany.
- Hannover Medical School, Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hanover, Germany.
| | - Faranaz Atschekzei
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
- Hannover Medical School, Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hanover, Germany
| | - Ignatius Ryan Adriawan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
- Hannover Medical School, Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hanover, Germany
| | - Natalia Dubrowinskaja
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
- Hannover Medical School, Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hanover, Germany
| | - Torsten Witte
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
- Hannover Medical School, Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hanover, Germany
| | - Reinhold Ernst Schmidt
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
- Hannover Medical School, Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hanover, Germany
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11
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Garcia-Sanchez JA, Ewbank JJ, Visvikis O. Ubiquitin-related processes and innate immunity in C. elegans. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:4305-4333. [PMID: 33630111 PMCID: PMC11072174 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03787-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Innate immunity is an evolutionary ancient defence strategy that serves to eliminate infectious agents while maintaining host health. It involves a complex network of sensors, signaling proteins and immune effectors that detect the danger, then relay and execute the immune programme. Post-translational modifications relying on conserved ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins are an integral part of the system. Studies using invertebrate models of infection, such as the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, have greatly contributed to our understanding of how ubiquitin-related processes act in immune sensing, regulate immune signaling pathways, and participate to host defence responses. This review highlights the interest of working with a genetically tractable model organism and illustrates how C. elegans has been used to identify ubiquitin-dependent immune mechanisms, discover novel ubiquitin-based resistance strategies that mediate pathogen clearance, and unravel the role of ubiquitin-related processes in tolerance, preserving host fitness during pathogen attack. Special emphasis is placed on processes that are conserved in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A Garcia-Sanchez
- INSERM, C3M, Côte D'Azur University, Nice, France
- INSERM, CNRS, CIML, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Jonathan J Ewbank
- INSERM, CNRS, CIML, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.
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12
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Goto J, Otaki Y, Watanabe T, Kobayashi Y, Aono T, Watanabe K, Wanezaki M, Kutsuzawa D, Kato S, Tamura H, Nishiyama S, Arimoto T, Takahashi H, Shishido T, Watanabe M. HECT (Homologous to the E6-AP Carboxyl Terminus)-Type Ubiquitin E3 Ligase ITCH Attenuates Cardiac Hypertrophy by Suppressing the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. Hypertension 2020; 76:1868-1878. [PMID: 33131309 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.15487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The HECT (homologous to the E6-AP carboxyl terminus)-type ubiquitin E3 ligase ITCH is an enzyme that plays an important role in ubiquitin-proteasomal protein degradation. Disheveled proteins (Dvl1 [disheveled protein 1], Dvl2, and Dvl3) are the main components of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which is involved in cardiac hypertrophy. The aim of this study was to examine the role of ITCH during development of cardiac hypertrophy. Thoracic transverse aortic constriction (TAC) was performed in transgenic mice with cardiac-specific overexpression of ITCH (ITCH-Tg) and wild-type mice. Cardiac hypertrophy after TAC was attenuated in ITCH-Tg mice, and the survival rate was higher for ITCH-Tg mice than for wild-type mice. Protein interaction between ITCH and Dvls was confirmed with immunoprecipitation in vivo and in vitro. Expression of key molecules of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway (Dvl1, Dvl2, GSK3β [glycogen synthase kinase 3β], and β-catenin) was inhibited in ITCH-Tg mice compared with wild-type mice. Notably, the ubiquitination level of Dvl proteins increased in ITCH-Tg mice. Protein and mRNA expression levels of ITCH increased in response to Wnt3a stimulation in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Knockdown of ITCH using small-interfering RNA increased cardiomyocyte size and augmented protein expression levels of Dvl proteins, phospho-GSK3β, and β-catenin after Wnt3a stimulation in cardiomyocytes. Conversely, overexpression of ITCH attenuated cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and decreased protein expression levels of Dvl proteins, phospho-GSK3β and β-catenin. In conclusion, ITCH targets Dvl proteins for ubiquitin-proteasome degradation in cardiomyocytes and attenuates cardiac hypertrophy by suppressing the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Goto
- From the Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Otaki
- From the Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Tetsu Watanabe
- From the Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yuta Kobayashi
- From the Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Tomonori Aono
- From the Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Ken Watanabe
- From the Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Masahiro Wanezaki
- From the Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kutsuzawa
- From the Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Shigehiko Kato
- From the Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Harutoshi Tamura
- From the Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nishiyama
- From the Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Takanori Arimoto
- From the Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hiroki Takahashi
- From the Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Shishido
- From the Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Masafumi Watanabe
- From the Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Japan
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13
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Cheng S, Xi Z, Chen G, Liu K, Ma R, Zhou C. Extracellular vesicle-carried microRNA-27b derived from mesenchymal stem cells accelerates cutaneous wound healing via E3 ubiquitin ligase ITCH. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:11254-11271. [PMID: 32845084 PMCID: PMC7576224 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been highlighted as promising candidate cells in relation to cutaneous wound healing. The current study aimed to investigate whether MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) could transfer microRNA-27b (miR-27b) to influence cutaneous wound healing. The miR-27b expression was examined in the established cutaneous wound mouse model, and its correlation with the wound healing rate was evaluated by Pearson's correlation analysis. The identified human umbilical cord MSC-derived EVs were co-cultured with human immortal keratinocyte line HaCaT and human skin fibroblasts (HSFs). The mice with cutaneous wound received injections of MSC-derived EVs. The effects of EVs or miR-27b loaded on wound healing and cellular functions were analysed via gain- and loss-of-function approaches in the co-culture system. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was employed to verify the relationship between miR-27b and Itchy E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (ITCH). Rescue experiments were conducted to investigate the underlying mechanisms associated with the ITCH/JUNB/inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α) axis. miR-27b was down-regulated in the mouse model, with its expression found to be positively correlated with the wound healing rate. Abundant miR-27b was detected in the MSC-derived EVs, while EV-transferred miR-27b improved cutaneous wound healing in mice and improved proliferation and migration of HaCaT cells and HSFs in vitro. As a target of miR-27b, ITCH was found to repress cell proliferation and migration. ITCH enhanced the JUNB ubiquitination and degradation, ultimately inhibiting JUNB and IRE1α expressions and restraining wound healing. Collectively, MSC-derived EVs transferring miR-27b can promote cutaneous wound healing via ITCH/JUNB/IRE1α signalling, providing insight with clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihuan Cheng
- Department of Rehabilitation, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhiyu Xi
- Department of Vascular Surgery, the First Hospital of Jilin University (Eastern Division), Changchun, China
| | - Guang Chen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, the First Hospital of Jilin University (Eastern Division), Changchun, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, the First Hospital of Jilin University (Eastern Division), Changchun, China
| | - Renshi Ma
- Department of Vascular Surgery, the First Hospital of Jilin University (Eastern Division), Changchun, China
| | - Chen Zhou
- Personnel Department, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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14
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Fang Y, He Y, Zhai B, Hou C, Xu R, Xing C, Wang X, Ma N, Han G, Wang R. The E3 ubiquitin ligase Itch deficiency promotes antigen-driven B-cell responses in mice. Eur J Immunol 2020; 51:103-114. [PMID: 32652569 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Deficiency of Itch, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, usually induced severe systemic and progressive autoimmune disease. The Itch function is well studied in T cells but not in B cells. We hypothesize that B-cell-specific Itch deficiency promoted antigen-induced B-cell activation and antibody-expressing plasma cell (PC) production. We found that unlike Itch KO, Itch cKO (CD19cre Itchf/f ) mice did not demonstrated a significant increase in the sizes of spleens and LNs, antibody level, and base mutation of antibody gene. However, in line with the fact that Itch expression decreased in GC B cells, PCs, and plasmablast (PB)-like SP 2/0 cells, Itch deficiency promoted B-cell activation and antibody production induced by antigens including lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and sheep red blood cells (SRBCs). Mechanistically, we found that Itch deficiency promotes antigen-induced cytokine production because Itch controls the proteins (e.g., eIF3a, eIF3c, eIF3h) with translation initiation factor activity. Altogether, our data suggest that Itch deficiency promotes antigen-driven B-cell response. This may provide hints for Itch-targeted treatment of patients with autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Fang
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Rheumatology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Youdi He
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Zhai
- Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Geriatric Hematology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chunmei Hou
- Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruonan Xu
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Xing
- Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqian Wang
- Staidson (Beijing) Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Department of Rheumatology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Gencheng Han
- Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Renxi Wang
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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15
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Poels K, Vos WG, Lutgens E, Seijkens TTP. E3 Ubiquitin Ligases as Immunotherapeutic Target in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:106. [PMID: 32582770 PMCID: PMC7292335 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic low-grade inflammation drives atherosclerosis and despite optimal pharmacological treatment of classical cardiovascular risk factors, one third of the patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease has elevated inflammatory biomarkers. Additional anti-inflammatory strategies to target this residual inflammatory cardiovascular risk are therefore required. T-cells are a dominant cell type in human atherosclerotic lesions. Modulation of T-cell activation is therefore a potential strategy to target inflammation in atherosclerosis. Ubiquitination is an important regulatory mechanism of T-cell activation and several E3 ubiquitin ligases, including casitas B-lineage lymphoma proto-oncogene B (Cbl-B), itchy homolog (Itch), and gene related to anergy in lymphocytes (GRAIL), function as a natural brake on T-cell activation. In this review we discuss recent insights on the role of Cbl-B, Itch, and GRAIL in atherosclerosis and explore the therapeutic potential of these E3 ubiquitin ligases in cardiovascular medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kikkie Poels
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Winnie G Vos
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilian's University, Munich, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Tom T P Seijkens
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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16
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Moser E, Oliver PM. Special Issue: E3 ubiquitin ligases, the match makers and grim reapers of immune cells. Cell Immunol 2019; 340:103924. [PMID: 31101325 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2019.103924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Moser
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Protective Immunity, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Paula M Oliver
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Protective Immunity, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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