1
|
Tonoyan NM, Chagovets VV, Starodubtseva NL, Tokareva AO, Chingin K, Kozachenko IF, Adamyan LV, Frankevich VE. Alterations in lipid profile upon uterine fibroids and its recurrence. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11447. [PMID: 34075062 PMCID: PMC8169782 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89859-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Uterine fibroids (UF) is the most common (about 70% cases) type of gynecological disease, with the recurrence rate varying from 11 to 40%. Because UF has no distinct symptomatology and is often asymptomatic, the specific and sensitive diagnosis of UF as well as the assessment for the probability of UF recurrence pose considerable challenge. The aim of this study was to characterize alterations in the lipid profile of tissues associated with the first-time diagnosed UF and recurrent uterine fibroids (RUF) and to explore the potential of mass spectrometry (MS) lipidomics analysis of blood plasma samples for the sensitive and specific determination of UF and RUF with low invasiveness of analysis. MS analysis of lipid levels in the myometrium tissues, fibroids tissues and blood plasma samples was carried out on 66 patients, including 35 patients with first-time diagnosed UF and 31 patients with RUF. The control group consisted of 15 patients who underwent surgical treatment for the intrauterine septum. Fibroids and myometrium tissue samples were analyzed using direct MS approach. Blood plasma samples were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography hyphened with mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS). MS data were processed by discriminant analysis with projection into latent structures (OPLS-DA). Significant differences were found between the first-time UF, RUF and control group in the levels of lipids involved in the metabolism of glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, lipids with an ether bond, triglycerides and fatty acids. Significant differences between the control group and the groups with UF and RUF were found in the blood plasma levels of cholesterol esters, triacylglycerols, (lyso) phosphatidylcholines and sphingomyelins. Significant differences between the UF and RUF groups were found in the blood plasma levels of cholesterol esters, phosphotidylcholines, sphingomyelins and triacylglycerols. Diagnostic models based on the selected differential lipids using logistic regression showed sensitivity and specificity of 88% and 86% for the diagnosis of first-time UF and 95% and 79% for RUF, accordingly. This study confirms the involvement of lipids in the pathogenesis of uterine fibroids. A diagnostically significant panel of differential lipid species has been identified for the diagnosis of UF and RUF by low-invasive blood plasma analysis. The developed diagnostic models demonstrated high potential for clinical use and further research in this direction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Narine M Tonoyan
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Vitaliy V Chagovets
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Natalia L Starodubtseva
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow Region, 141700, Russian Federation
| | - Alisa O Tokareva
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation
- V.L. Talrose Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics, Russia Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin Chingin
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Irena F Kozachenko
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Leyla V Adamyan
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir E Frankevich
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bowling FZ, Frohman MA, Airola MV. Structure and regulation of human phospholipase D. Adv Biol Regul 2021; 79:100783. [PMID: 33495125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2020.100783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian phospholipase D (PLD) generates phosphatidic acid, a dynamic lipid secondary messenger involved with a broad spectrum of cellular functions including but not limited to metabolism, migration, and exocytosis. As a promising pharmaceutical target, the biochemical properties of PLD have been well characterized. This has led to the recent crystal structures of human PLD1 and PLD2, the development of PLD specific pharmacological inhibitors, and the identification of cellular regulators of PLD. In this review, we discuss the PLD1 and PLD2 structures, PLD inhibition by small molecules, and the regulation of PLD activity by effector proteins and lipids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Forrest Z Bowling
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Michael A Frohman
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Michael V Airola
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li J, Gao Y, Guan L, Zhang H, Sun J, Gong X, Li D, Chen P, Ma Z, Liang X, Huang M, Bi H. Discovery of Phosphatidic Acid, Phosphatidylcholine, and Phosphatidylserine as Biomarkers for Early Diagnosis of Endometriosis. Front Physiol 2018; 9:14. [PMID: 29410629 PMCID: PMC5787104 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The sensitivity and specificity of clinical diagnostic indicators and non-invasive diagnostic methods for endometriosis at early stage is not optimal. Previous studies demonstrated that abnormal lipid metabolism was involved in the pathological development of endometriosis. Our cross-sectional study included 21 patients with laparoscopically confirmed endometriosis at stage I–II and 20 infertile women who underwent diagnostic laparoscopy combined with hysteroscopy from January 2014 to January 2015. Eutopic endometrium was collected by pipelle endometrial biopsy. Lipid metabolites were quantified by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-HRMS). Lipid profiles of endometriosis patients at early stage (I–II) was characterized by a decreased concentration of phosphatidylcholine (18:1/22:6), (20:1/14:1), (20:3/20:4), and phosphatidylserine (20:3/23:1) and an increased concentration of phosphatidic acid (25:5/22:6) compared with control. The synthesized predicting strategy with 5 biomarkers has a specificity of 75.0% and a sensitivity of 90.5%. Lipid profile of eutopic endometrium in endometriosis was effectively characterized by UHPLC-ESI-HRMS-based metabolomics. Our study demonstrated the alteration of phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine metabolites in endometriosis and provided potential biomarkers for semi-invasive diagnose of endometriosis at early stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjie Li
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lihuan Guan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huizhen Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahong Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Gong
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongshun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pan Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Ma
- Institute of Population Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huichang Bi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cai M, He J, Xiong J, Tay LWR, Wang Z, Rog C, Wang J, Xie Y, Wang G, Banno Y, Li F, Zhu M, Du G. Phospholipase D1-regulated autophagy supplies free fatty acids to counter nutrient stress in cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2448. [PMID: 27809301 PMCID: PMC5260880 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells utilize flexible metabolic programs to maintain viability and proliferation under stress conditions including nutrient deprivation. Here we report that phospholipase D1 (PLD1) participates in the regulation of metabolic plasticity in cancer cells. PLD1 activity is required for cancer cell survival during prolonged glucose deprivation. Blocking PLD1 sensitizes cancer cells to glycolysis inhibition by 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) and results in decreased autophagic flux, enlarged lysosomes, and increased lysosomal pH. Mechanistically, PLD1-regulated autophagy hydrolyzes bulk membrane phospholipids to supply fatty acids (FAs) for oxidation in mitochondria. In low glucose cultures, the blockade of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) by PLD1 inhibition suppresses adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production and increases reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to cancer cell death. In summary, our findings reveal a novel role of PLD1 in sustaining cancer cell survival during metabolic stress, and suggest PLD1 as a potential target for anticancer metabolism therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Cai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China.,Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jingquan He
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jian Xiong
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Li Wei Rachel Tay
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ziqing Wang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Colin Rog
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jingshu Wang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yizhao Xie
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Guobin Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yoshiko Banno
- Department of Dermatology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael Zhu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Guangwei Du
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kulkarni A, Quang P, Curry V, Keyes R, Zhou W, Cho H, Baffoe J, Török B, Stieglitz K. 1,3‐Disubstituted‐4‐Aminopyrazolo [3, 4‐d] Pyrimidines, a New Class of Potent Inhibitors for Phospholipase
D. Chem Biol Drug Des 2014; 84:270-81. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Kulkarni
- Department of Chemistry University of Massachusetts Boston 100 Morrissey Blvd Boston MA 02125 USA
| | - Phong Quang
- STEM Biotechnology Division Roxbury Community College Roxbury MA 02120 USA
| | - Victoriana Curry
- STEM Biotechnology Division Roxbury Community College Roxbury MA 02120 USA
| | - Renee Keyes
- STEM Biotechnology Division Roxbury Community College Roxbury MA 02120 USA
| | - Weihong Zhou
- Department of Chemistry University of Massachusetts Boston 100 Morrissey Blvd Boston MA 02125 USA
| | - Hyejin Cho
- Department of Chemistry University of Massachusetts Boston 100 Morrissey Blvd Boston MA 02125 USA
| | - Jonathan Baffoe
- Department of Chemistry University of Massachusetts Boston 100 Morrissey Blvd Boston MA 02125 USA
| | - Béla Török
- Department of Chemistry University of Massachusetts Boston 100 Morrissey Blvd Boston MA 02125 USA
| | - Kimberly Stieglitz
- STEM Biotechnology Division Roxbury Community College Roxbury MA 02120 USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang F, Wang Z, Lu M, Yonekubo Y, Liang X, Zhang Y, Wu P, Zhou Y, Grinstein S, Hancock JF, Du G. Temporal production of the signaling lipid phosphatidic acid by phospholipase D2 determines the output of extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling in cancer cells. Mol Cell Biol 2014; 34:84-95. [PMID: 24164897 PMCID: PMC3911278 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00987-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ras-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) cascade is an important signaling module in cells. One regulator of the Ras-ERK cascade is phosphatidic acid (PA) generated by phospholipase D (PLD) and diacylglycerol kinase (DGK). Using a newly developed PA biosensor, PASS (phosphatidic acid biosensor with superior sensitivity), we found that PA was generated sequentially by PLD and DGK in epidermal growth factor (EGF)-stimulated HCC1806 breast cancer cells. Inhibition of PLD2, one of the two PLD members, was sufficient to eliminate most of the PA production, whereas inhibition of DGK decreased PA production only at the later stages of EGF stimulation, suggesting that PLD2 precedes DGK activation. The temporal production of PA by PLD2 is important for the nuclear activation of ERK. While inhibition of both PLD and DGK had no effect on the overall ERK activity, inhibition of PLD2 but not PLD1 or DGK blocked the nuclear ERK activity in several cancer cell lines. The decrease of active ERK in the nucleus inhibited the activation of Elk1, c-fos, and Fra1, the ERK nuclear targets, leading to decreased proliferation of HCC1806 cells. Together, these findings reveal that PA production by PLD2 determines the output of ERK in cancer cell growth factor signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ziqing Wang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Maryia Lu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yoshiya Yonekubo
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xiao Liang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yueqiang Zhang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ping Wu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sergio Grinstein
- Division of Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - John F. Hancock
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Guangwei Du
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
The B subunits of Shiga-like toxins induce regulated VWF secretion in a phospholipase D1-dependent manner. Blood 2012; 120:1143-9. [PMID: 22718838 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-01-408096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Shiga toxin (Stx) causes diarrhea-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome by damaging renal microvascular endothelium. The pentameric B subunits of Stx types 1 and 2 (Stx1B and Stx2B) are sufficient to stimulate acute VWF secretion from endothelial cells, but Stx1B and Stx2B exert distinct effects on Ca(2+) and cAMP pathways. Therefore, we investigated other signaling components in StxB-induced VWF exocytosis. Incubation of HUVECs with StxB transiently increased phospholipase D (PLD) activity. Inhibition of PLD activity or shRNA-mediated PLD1 knockdown abolished StxB-induced VWF secretion. In addition, treatment with StxB triggered actin polymerization, enhanced endothelial monolayer permeability, and activated RhoA. PLD activation and VWF secretion induced by Stx1B were abolished on protein kinase Cα (PKCα) inhibition or gene silencing but were only moderately reduced by Rho or Rho kinase inhibitors. Conversely, PLD activation and VWF exocytosis induced by Stx2B were reduced by Rho/Rho kinase inhibitors and dominant-negative RhoA, whereas attenuation of PKCα did not affect either process. Another PLD1 activator, ADP-ribosylation factor 6, was involved in VWF secretion induced by Stx1B or Stx2B, but not histamine. These data indicate that Stx1B and Stx2B induce acute VWF secretion in a PLD1-dependent manner but do so by differentially modulating PKCα, RhoA, and ADP-ribosylation factor 6.
Collapse
|
8
|
Wallert M, McCoy A, Voog J, Rastedt D, Taves-Patterson J, Korpi-Steiner N, Canine J, Ngyuen T, Nguyen C, Provost J. α1 -Adrenergic receptor-induced cytoskeletal organization and cell motility in CCL39 fibroblasts requires phospholipase D1. J Cell Biochem 2012; 112:3025-34. [PMID: 21678474 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.23227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The role of phospholipase D (PLD) in cytoskeletal reorganization, ERK activation, and migration is well established. Both isoforms of PLD (PLD1 and PLD2) can independently activate stress fiber formation and increase ERK phosphorylation. However, the isoform's specificity, upstream activators, and downstream targets of PLD that coordinate this process are less well understood. This study explores the role of α(1) -adrenergic receptor stimulation and its effect on PLD activity. We demonstrate that PLD1 activators, RhoA, and PKCα are critical for stress fiber formation and ERK activation, and enhance the production of phosphatidic acid (PA) upon phenylephrine addition. Ectopic expression of dominant negative PLD1 and not PLD2 blocks ERK activation, inhibits stress fiber formation, and reduces cell motility in CCL39 fibroblasts. Furthermore, we demonstrate the mechanism for PLD1 activation of ERK involves Ras. This work indicates that PLD1 plays a novel role mediating growth factor and cell motility events in α(1) -adrenergic receptor-activated cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Wallert
- Departments of Biosciences and Chemistry, Minnesota State University Moorhead, Moorhead, Minnesota 56563, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yin H, Gui Y, Du G, Frohman MA, Zheng XL. Dependence of phospholipase D1 multi-monoubiquitination on its enzymatic activity and palmitoylation. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:13580-8. [PMID: 20189990 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.046359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase D (PLD) is an important lipase in many cellular processes, including vesicular trafficking, cell survival, and cell migration. In the present study, we show that PLD1, but not PLD2, is posttranslationally modified by multi-monoubiquitination. Intriguingly, suppression of lipase activity either by mutation of the HKD motif (PLD1 H896R, K898R, or D903A) or the phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate binding motif (PLD1 R691G,R695G) or through use of PLD-selective inhibitors impaired the ubiquitination of PLD1, although stimulation of lipase activity by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate did not enhance its ubiquitination. A palmitoylation-deficient mutant PLD1 allele, which exhibits altered patterns of vesicular trafficking, had significantly lower levels of monoubiquitination. In addition, the expression of ubiquitin-fused PLD1 induced aberrantly enlarged vesicles partially co-localized with the Golgi complex but not with early endosomes. The altered localization was reduced by the K898R mutation, suggesting a role of multi-monoubiquitination in PLD1 subcellular localization. Surprisingly, the degradation of PLD1, but not of PLD1 K898R or PLD2, was blocked by inhibitors of proteasomes but not by inhibitors of lysosomes or other proteases, suggesting a role of the ubiquitination in proteasomal degradation of PLD1. In summary, our studies show that PLD1, but not PLD2, is multi-monoubiquitinated. The ubiquitination modification might represent a novel regulatory mechanism in PLD1 functioning, particularly in the context of subcellular trafficking between different membrane compartments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yin
- Smooth Muscle Research Group, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rudge SA, Wakelam MJ. Inter-regulatory dynamics of phospholipase D and the actin cytoskeleton. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2009; 1791:856-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2009.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2009] [Revised: 04/22/2009] [Accepted: 04/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
11
|
Zeiller C, Mebarek S, Jaafar R, Pirola L, Lagarde M, Prigent AF, Némoz G. Phospholipase D2 regulates endothelial permeability through cytoskeleton reorganization and occludin downregulation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2009; 1793:1236-49. [PMID: 19371764 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2009.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2008] [Revised: 03/17/2009] [Accepted: 04/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial permeability is controlled by adhesive strengths which connect cells to each other through interendothelial junctions and by contractile forces associated with cytoskeleton reorganization. Phospholipase D (PLD) activation resulting in the generation of phosphatidic acid (PA) is increasingly recognized as a key event in the initiation of various cell responses. In human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUV-EC), enhancement of intracellular PA by a variety of approaches increased the permeability of endothelial cell monolayers and induced stress fibre formation. Using adenovirus-mediated overexpression and siRNA silencing, we showed that PLD2 but not PLD1 was involved in the enhancement of basal permeability through cytoskeleton reorganization. Furthermore, PLD2 overexpression induced ERK1/2 activation and downregulated the expression of occludin, a major component of tight junctions. A substantial part of PLD2 protein was associated with the low-density caveolin-rich fractions isolated on sucrose gradients. The Raf-1 specific inhibitor GW-5074 drastically reduced hyperpermeability induced by PLD2 overexpression, and inhibited PA-mediated increase of endothelial permeability and ERK1/2 activation. On the whole, the present results demonstrate the selective role of PLD2 isoform in the control of endothelial permeability through a mechanism involving both stress fibre formation and contraction, and occludin downregulation, possibly resulting from PA-mediated activation of Raf-1.
Collapse
|
12
|
Phospholipase D1 regulates lymphocyte adhesion via upregulation of Rap1 at the plasma membrane. Mol Cell Biol 2009; 29:3297-306. [PMID: 19332557 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00366-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rap1 is a small GTPase that modulates adhesion of T cells by regulating inside-out signaling through LFA-1. The bulk of Rap1 is expressed in a GDP-bound state on intracellular vesicles. Exocytosis of these vesicles delivers Rap1 to the plasma membrane, where it becomes activated. We report here that phospholipase D1 (PLD1) is expressed on the same vesicular compartment in T cells as Rap1 and is translocated to the plasma membrane along with Rap1. Moreover, PLD activity is required for both translocation and activation of Rap1. Increased T-cell adhesion in response to stimulation of the antigen receptor depended on PLD1. C3G, a Rap1 guanine nucleotide exchange factor located in the cytosol of resting cells, translocated to the plasma membranes of stimulated T cells. Our data support a model whereby PLD1 regulates Rap1 activity by controlling exocytosis of a stored, vesicular pool of Rap1 that can be activated by C3G upon delivery to the plasma membrane.
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhao X, Lu L, Pokhriyal N, Ma H, Duan L, Lin S, Jafari N, Band H, Band V. Overexpression of RhoA induces preneoplastic transformation of primary mammary epithelial cells. Cancer Res 2009; 69:483-91. [PMID: 19147561 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-2907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Rho family small GTPases serve as molecular switches in the regulation of diverse cellular functions, including actin cytoskeleton remodeling, cell migration, gene transcription, and cell proliferation. Importantly, Rho overexpression is frequently seen in many carcinomas. However, published studies have almost invariably used immortal or tumorigenic cell lines to study Rho GTPase functions and there are no studies on the potential of Rho small GTPase to overcome senescence checkpoints and induce preneoplastic transformation of human mammary epithelial cells (hMEC). We show here that ectopic expression of wild-type (WT) RhoA as well as a constitutively active RhoA mutant (G14V) in two independent primary hMEC strains led to their immortalization and preneoplastic transformation. These cells have continued to grow over 300 population doublings (PD) with no signs of senescence, whereas cells expressing the vector or dominant-negative RhoA mutant (T19N) senesced after 20 PDs. Significantly, RhoA-T37A mutant, known to be incapable of interacting with many well-known Rho effectors including Rho kinase, PKN, mDia1, and mDia2, was also capable of immortalizing hMECs. Notably, similar to parental normal cells, Rho-immortalized cells have WT p53 and intact G(1) cell cycle arrest on Adriamycin treatment. Rho-immortalized cells were anchorage dependent and were unable to form tumors when implanted in nude mice. Lastly, microarray expression profiling of Rho-immortalized versus parental cells showed altered expression of several genes previously implicated in immortalization and breast cancer progression. Taken together, these results show that RhoA can induce the preneoplastic transformation of hMECs by altering multiple pathways linked to cellular transformation and breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangshan Zhao
- Department of Genetics, Eppley Institute for Cancer and Allied Diseases and UNMC-Eppley Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Su W, Yeku O, Olepu S, Genna A, Park JS, Ren H, Du G, Gelb MH, Morris AJ, Frohman MA. 5-Fluoro-2-indolyl des-chlorohalopemide (FIPI), a phospholipase D pharmacological inhibitor that alters cell spreading and inhibits chemotaxis. Mol Pharmacol 2008; 75:437-46. [PMID: 19064628 DOI: 10.1124/mol.108.053298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The signaling enzyme phospholipase D (PLD) and the lipid second messenger it generates, phosphatidic acid (PA), are implicated in many cell biological processes, including Ras activation, cell spreading, stress fiber formation, chemotaxis, and membrane vesicle trafficking. PLD production of PA is inhibited by the primary alcohol 1-butanol, which has thus been widely employed to identify PLD/PA-driven processes. However, 1-butanol does not always effectively reduce PA accumulation, and its use may result in PLD-independent deleterious effects. Consequently, identification of potent specific small-molecule PLD inhibitors would be an important advance for the field. We examine one such here, 5-fluoro-2-indolyl des-chlorohalopemide (FIPI), which was identified recently in an in vitro chemical screen for PLD2 inhibitors, and show that it rapidly blocks in vivo PA production with subnanomolar potency. We were surprised to find that several biological processes blocked by 1-butanol are not affected by FIPI, suggesting the need for re-evaluation of proposed roles for PLD. However, FIPI does inhibit PLD regulation of F-actin cytoskeleton reorganization, cell spreading, and chemotaxis, indicating potential utility for it as a therapeutic for autoimmunity and cancer metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Su
- Departments of Biochemistry Pharmacology, Center for Developmental Genetics, Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Du G, Frohman MA. A lipid-signaled myosin phosphatase surge disperses cortical contractile force early in cell spreading. Mol Biol Cell 2008; 20:200-8. [PMID: 18946083 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e08-06-0555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
When cells cease migrating through the vasculature, adhere to extracellular matrix, and begin to spread, they exhibit rapid changes in contraction and relaxation at peripheral regions newly contacting the underlying substrata. We describe here a requirement in this process for myosin II disassembly at the cell cortex via the action of myosin phosphatase (MP), which in turn is regulated by a plasma membrane signaling lipid. Cells in suspension exhibit high levels of activity of the signaling enzyme phospholipase D2 (PLD2), elevating production of the lipid second messenger phosphatidic acid (PA) at the plasma membrane, which in turn recruits MP and stores it there in a presumed inactive state. On cell attachment, down-regulation of PLD2 activity decreases PA production, leading to MP release, myosin dephosphorylation, and actomyosin disassembly. This novel model for recruitment and restraint of MP provides a means to effect a rapid cytoskeletal reorganization at the cell cortex upon demand.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangwei Du
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Developmental Genetics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Phospholipase D1 is specifically required for regulated secretion of von Willebrand factor from endothelial cells. Blood 2008; 113:973-80. [PMID: 18945966 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2008-06-165282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells regulate thrombosis, hemostasis, and inflammatory responses by supplying the vasculature with several factors that include procoagulant von Willebrand factor (VWF) and fibrinolytic tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA). Both proteins can be secreted in a Ca(2+)-regulated manner after endothelial activation but exhibit opposing physiologic effects. In search for factors that could modulate endothelial responses by selectively affecting the secretion of procoagulant or anticoagulant proteins, we identify here phospholipase D1 (PLD1) as a specific regulator of VWF secretion. PLD1 is translocated to the plasma membrane upon stimulation of endothelial secretion, and this process correlates with the generation of phosphatidic acid (PA) in the plasma membrane. Histamine-evoked secretion of VWF, but not tPA, is inhibited by blocking PLD-mediated production of PA, and this effect can be attributed to PLD1 and not PLD2. Thus, different mechanisms appear to control the agonist-induced secretion of VWF and tPA, with only the former requiring PLD1.
Collapse
|
17
|
Yoon MS, Chen J. PLD regulates myoblast differentiation through the mTOR-IGF2 pathway. J Cell Sci 2008; 121:282-9. [PMID: 18198186 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.022566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is essential for the differentiation of cultured skeletal myoblasts in response to growth factor withdrawal. Previously, phospholipase D (PLD) has been found to play a role in cell growth regulation and mitogenic activation of mTOR signaling. However, a role for PLD in the autocrine regulation of myoblast differentiation is not known. Here we show that upon induction of differentiation in mouse C2C12 satellite cells, the expression of both PLD1 and PLD2 is upregulated. C2C12 differentiation is markedly inhibited by 1-butanol, an inhibitor of the PLD-catalyzed transphosphatidylation reaction, and also by the knockdown of PLD1, but not PLD2. Further investigation has revealed that PLD1 is unlikely to regulate myogenesis through modulation of the actin cytoskeleton as previously suggested. Instead, PLD1 positively regulates mTOR signaling leading to the production of IGF2, an autocrine factor instrumental for the initiation of satellite cell differentiation. Furthermore, exogenous IGF2 fully rescues the differentiation defect resulting from PLD1 knockdown. Hence, PLD1 is critically involved in skeletal myogenesis by regulating the mTOR-IGF2 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mee-Sup Yoon
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 601 S. Goodwin Avenue B107, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sang RL, Johnson JF, Taves J, Nguyen C, Wallert MA, Provost JJ. alpha(1)-Adrenergic receptor stimulation of cell motility requires phospholipase D-mediated extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation. Chem Biol Drug Des 2007; 69:240-50. [PMID: 17461971 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2007.00502.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipase D is suspected to play a role in tumorigenesis, and the inhibition of phospholipase D has been associated with changes in several cellular events including invasion and migration. We report here that the specific alpha(1)-adrenergic receptor agonist, phenylepherine, signals to a growth factor pathway in a manner that requires phospholipase D activity in CCL39 fibroblasts. Phenylepherine increased extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation eightfold and promoted stress fiber formation threefold. Stress fiber formation was blocked when extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation was inhibited. Stimulation of CCL39 fibroblasts by phenylepherine increased the rate of wound healing fourfold in a wounding assay, while treatment with the MEK inhibitor, PD98059 reduced the closure of phenylepherine-induced wound healing to control levels. Addition of 1-butanol but not 2-butanol inhibited extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation by phenylepherine, presumably by blocking the formation of phosphatidic acid. Exogenously added cell permeable phosphatidic acid increased extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation in a time- and dose-dependent manner as well as stimulated the formation of stress fibers. 1-butanol also significantly inhibited the ability of phenylepherine to stimulate stress fiber formation and wound healing. Taken together, these results indicate a novel role for phospholipase D in the activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase growth factor pathway to stimulate early cellular events induced by phenylepherine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Sang
- Department of Bioscience, Minnesota State University Moorhead, Moorhead, MN 56563, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Oda K, Kitano H. A comprehensive map of the toll-like receptor signaling network. Mol Syst Biol 2006; 2:2006.0015. [PMID: 16738560 PMCID: PMC1681489 DOI: 10.1038/msb4100057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2005] [Accepted: 02/23/2006] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recognition of pathogen-associated molecular signatures is critically important in proper activation of the immune system. The toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling network is responsible for innate immune response. In mammalians, there are 11 TLRs that recognize a variety of ligands from pathogens to trigger immunological responses. In this paper, we present a comprehensive map of TLRs and interleukin 1 receptor signaling networks based on papers published so far. The map illustrates the possible existence of a main network subsystem that has a bow-tie structure in which myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) is a nonredundant core element, two collateral subsystems with small GTPase and phosphatidylinositol signaling, and MyD88-independent pathway. There is extensive crosstalk between the main bow-tie network and subsystems, as well as feedback and feedforward controls. One obvious feature of this network is the fragility against removal of the nonredundant core element, which is MyD88, and involvement of collateral subsystems for generating different reactions and gene expressions for different stimuli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kanae Oda
- The Systems Biology Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Fundamental Science and Technology, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kitano
- The Systems Biology Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Fundamental Science and Technology, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
- Sony Computer Science Laboratories Inc., Tokyo, Japan
- The Systems Biology Institute, Suite 6A, M31 6-31-15 Jingumae, Shibuya, Tokyo 150-0001, Japan. Tel.: +81 3 5468 1661; Fax: +81 3 5468 1664; E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|