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Liu YK, Liu LS, Zhu BC, Chen XF, Tian LH. Sp1-mediated miR-193b suppresses atopic dermatitis by regulating HMGB1. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2023; 39:769-778. [PMID: 37166084 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic and recurrent inflammatory skin disease. Keratinocyte dysfunction plays a central role in AD development. MicroRNA is a novel player in many inflammatory and immune skin diseases. In this study, we investigated the potential function and regulatory mechanism of miR-193b in AD. Inflamed human keratinocytes (HaCaT) were established by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α/interferon (IFN)-γ stimulation. Cell viability was measured using MTT assay, while the cell cycle was analyzed using flow cytometry. The cytokine levels were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The interaction between Sp1, miR-193b, and HMGB1 was analyzed using dual luciferase reporter and/or chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays. Our results revealed that miR-193b upregulation enhanced the proliferation of TNF-α/IFN-γ-treated keratinocytes and repressed inflammatory injury. miR-193b negatively regulated high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) expression by directly targeting HMGB1. Furthermore, HMGB1 knockdown promoted keratinocyte proliferation and inhibited inflammatory injury by repressing nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) activation. During AD progression, HMGB1 overexpression abrogated increase of keratinocyte proliferation and repression of inflammatory injury caused by miR-193b overexpression. Moreover, transcription factor Sp1 was identified as the biological partner of the miR-193b promoter in promoting miR-193b expression. Therefore, Sp1 upregulation promotes keratinocyte proliferation and represses inflammatory injury during AD development via promoting miR-193b expression and repressing HMGB1/NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ke Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei-Shan Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo-Chen Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Fang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Hong Tian
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
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Lloyd SM, Leon DB, Brady MO, Rodriguez D, McReynolds MP, Kweon J, Neely AE, Blumensaadt LA, Ho PJ, Bao X. CDK9 activity switch associated with AFF1 and HEXIM1 controls differentiation initiation from epidermal progenitors. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4408. [PMID: 35906225 PMCID: PMC9338292 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32098-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Progenitors in epithelial tissues, such as human skin epidermis, continuously make fate decisions between self-renewal and differentiation. Here we show that the Super Elongation Complex (SEC) controls progenitor fate decisions by directly suppressing a group of "rapid response" genes, which feature high enrichment of paused Pol II in the progenitor state and robust Pol II elongation in differentiation. SEC's repressive role is dependent on the AFF1 scaffold, but not AFF4. In the progenitor state, AFF1-SEC associates with the HEXIM1-containing inactive CDK9 to suppress these rapid-response genes. A key rapid-response SEC target is ATF3, which promotes the upregulation of differentiation-activating transcription factors (GRHL3, OVOL1, PRDM1, ZNF750) to advance terminal differentiation. SEC peptidomimetic inhibitors or PKC signaling activates CDK9 and rapidly induces these transcription factors within hours in keratinocytes. Thus, our data suggest that the activity switch of SEC-associated CDK9 underlies the initial processes bifurcating progenitor fates between self-renewal and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Lloyd
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Daniel B Leon
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Mari O Brady
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Deborah Rodriguez
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Madison P McReynolds
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Junghun Kweon
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Amy E Neely
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Laura A Blumensaadt
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Patric J Ho
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Xiaomin Bao
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
- Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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Xu C, Zheng J. siRNA against TSG101 reduces proliferation and induces G0/G1 arrest in renal cell carcinoma - involvement of c-myc, cyclin E1, and CDK2. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2019; 24:7. [PMID: 30675171 PMCID: PMC6332891 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-018-0124-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The tumor susceptibility gene 101 (TSG101) is closely associated with various tumor types, but its role in the pathogenesis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is still unknown. This study used RNA interference to silence the expression of TSG101 in RCC cell lines and explore the role of TSG101 in RCC. Methods Immunohistochemistry and western blot were performed to detect the expression of TSG101 in 15 paired renal tumor samples. A small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting TSG101 was transfected into A498 and 786-O cell lines. The Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and colony formation assay were used to observe the changes in cell proliferation after transfection. Flow cytometry was used to detect the effect on the cell cycle. Western blot was conducted to study the changes of related functional proteins. Results The expression of TSG101 was higher in RCC tissues than in adjacent normal tissues. The CCK-8 assay showed that the proliferation and colony formation of the A498 and 786-O cell lines were attenuated after suppression of TSG101. Flow cytometry showed that silencing of TSG101 induced G0/G1 arrest. The western blot results revealed that the levels of cell cycle-related proteins (c-myc, cyclin E1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2)) were markedly decreased in the siRNA groups. Conclusions TSG101 promotes proliferation of RCC cells. This positive effect on tumor growth involves activation of c-myc and cyclin E1/CDK2 and their effect on cell cycle distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xu
- Department of Urology, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Yanchang Road 301, Shanghai, 200072 China
| | - Junhua Zheng
- Department of Urology, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Yanchang Road 301, Shanghai, 200072 China
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Silencing of Transcription Factor Sp1 Promotes SN1 Transporter Regulation by Ammonia in Mouse Cortical Astrocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020234. [PMID: 30634395 PMCID: PMC6359076 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The involvement of the astrocytic SN1 (SNAT3) transporter in ammonia-induced l-glutamine retention was recently documented in mouse-cultured astrocytes. Here we investigated the involvement of specificity protein 1 (Sp1) transcription factor in SN1 regulation in ammonium chloride (“ammonia”)-treated astrocytes. Sp1 expression and its cellular localization were determined using real-time qPCR, Western blot, and confocal microscopy. Sp1 binding to Snat3 promoter was analyzed by chromatin immunoprecipitation. The role of Sp1 in SN1 expression and SN1-mediated [3H]glutamine uptake in ammonia-treated astrocytes was verified using siRNA and mithramycin A. The involvement of protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms in Sp1 level/phosphorylation status was verified using siRNA technology. Sp1 translocation to the nuclei and its enhanced binding to the Snat3 promoter, along with Sp1 dependence of system N-mediated [3H]glutamine uptake, were observed in astrocytes upon ammonia exposure. Ammonia decreased the level of phosphorylated Sp1, and the effect was reinforced by long-term incubation with PKC modulator, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, which is a treatment likely to dephosphorylate Sp1. Furthermore, silencing of the PKCδ isoform appears to enhance the ammonia effect on the Sp1 level. Collectively, the results demonstrate the regulatory role of Sp1 in regulation of SN1 expression and activity in ammonia-treated astrocytes and implicate altered Sp1 phosphorylation status in this capacity.
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Liu Y, Zhong L, Liu D, Ye H, Mao Y, Hu Y. Differential miRNA expression profiles in human keratinocytes in response to protein kinase C inhibitor. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:6608-6619. [PMID: 28901412 PMCID: PMC5865793 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) is widely accepted to be involved in keratinocyte differentiation and to be dependent on activation of the protein kinase C (PKC) pathway. However, the miRNA profiles and biological characteristics of keratinocytes induced by specific inhibitors of PKC have yet to be elucidated. The present study aimed to explore the differential miRNA expression profiles in keratinocytes treated with the PKC inhibitor GF109203X, by conducting a bioinformatics analysis. Parts of the GF109203X‑induced keratinocytes formed distinct clones after 2 days of culture, and the expression of intergrin β1, cytokeratin (CK)19 and CK14 were positive, whereas CK10 expression was negative. A total of 79 miRNAs were differentially expressed in keratinocytes treated with GF109203X, among which 45 miRNAs were upregulated and 34 were downregulated. The significantly upregulated microRNAs includedhsa‑miR‑1‑3p and miR‑181c‑5p, whereas hsa‑miR‑31‑5p and hsa‑let‑7c‑3p were significantly downregulated. In addition, the results of reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction exhibited consistency with the microarray results. An enrichment analysis demonstrated that certain target genes of the differentially expressed miRNAs serve an important role in cell proliferation and differentiation, cell cycle progression and apoptosis, etc. These results revealed that GF109203X induced the differential expression of certain miRNAs when keratinocytes began showing the characteristics of epidermal‑like stem cells, which may provide a novel approach for wound healing and regeneration of skin tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Burns Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Liangchen Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Dewu Liu
- Burns Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Hua Ye
- Burns Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Yuangui Mao
- Burns Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Yanghong Hu
- Burns Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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Palazzo E, Kellett MD, Cataisson C, Bible PW, Bhattacharya S, Sun HW, Gormley AC, Yuspa SH, Morasso MI. A novel DLX3-PKC integrated signaling network drives keratinocyte differentiation. Cell Death Differ 2017; 24:717-730. [PMID: 28186503 PMCID: PMC5384032 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2017.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal homeostasis relies on a well-defined transcriptional control of keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation, which is critical to prevent skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis or cancer. We have recently shown that the homeobox transcription factor DLX3 and the tumor suppressor p53 co-regulate cell cycle-related signaling and that this mechanism is functionally involved in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma development. Here we show that DLX3 expression and its downstream signaling depend on protein kinase C α (PKCα) activity in skin. We found that following 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) topical treatment, DLX3 expression is significantly upregulated in the epidermis and keratinocytes from mice overexpressing PKCα by transgenic targeting (K5-PKCα), resulting in cell cycle block and terminal differentiation. Epidermis lacking DLX3 (DLX3cKO), which is linked to the development of a DLX3-dependent epidermal hyperplasia with hyperkeratosis and dermal leukocyte recruitment, displays enhanced PKCα activation, suggesting a feedback regulation of DLX3 and PKCα. Of particular significance, transcriptional activation of epidermal barrier, antimicrobial peptide and cytokine genes is significantly increased in DLX3cKO skin and further increased by TPA-dependent PKC activation. Furthermore, when inhibiting PKC activity, we show that epidermal thickness, keratinocyte proliferation and inflammatory cell infiltration are reduced and the PKC-DLX3-dependent gene expression signature is normalized. Independently of PKC, DLX3 expression specifically modulates regulatory networks such as Wnt signaling, phosphatase activity and cell adhesion. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing analysis of primary suprabasal keratinocytes showed binding of DLX3 to the proximal promoter regions of genes associated with cell cycle regulation, and of structural proteins and transcription factors involved in epidermal differentiation. These results indicate that Dlx3 potentially regulates a set of crucial genes necessary during the epidermal differentiation process. Altogether, we demonstrate the existence of a robust DLX3–PKCα signaling pathway in keratinocytes that is crucial to epidermal differentiation control and cutaneous homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Paul W Bible
- Laboratory of Skin Biology, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Hong-Wei Sun
- Biodata Mining and Discovery Section, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Anna C Gormley
- Laboratory of Skin Biology, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Stuart H Yuspa
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Maria I Morasso
- Laboratory of Skin Biology, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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7
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Zhang Y, Ren H, Lu X, He D, Han Y, Wang H, Zeng C, Shi W. Inhibition of D4 Dopamine Receptors on Insulin Receptor Expression and Effect in Renal Proximal Tubule Cells. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:e002448. [PMID: 27107134 PMCID: PMC4843542 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.115.002448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ion transport in the renal proximal tubule (RPT), which is increased in essential hypertension, is regulated by numerous hormones and humoral factors, including insulin and dopamine. Activation of dopamine receptor inhibits sodium reabsorption, whereas activation of insulin receptor increases sodium reabsorption in RPTs, and hyperinsulinemic animals and patients have defective renal dopaminergic system. We presume that there is an inhibition of D4 receptor on insulin receptor expression and effect, and the regulation is lost in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). METHODS AND RESULTS Insulin receptor expression was determined by immunoblotting, and Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity was detected in both Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and SHR RPT cells. Stimulation of D4 receptor with PD168077 decreased expression of insulin receptors, which was blocked in the presence of the calcium-channel blocker, nicardipine (10(-6) mol/L per 24 hours), in cell culture medium without calcium or in the presence of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptor blocker (2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate [2-ADB]; 10(-6) mol/L per 24 hours), indicating that extracellular calcium entry and calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum were involved in the signal pathway. Stimulation of the insulin receptor stimulated Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity, whereas pretreatment with PD168077 for 24 hours decreased the inhibitory effects of insulin receptor on Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity in WKY cells. However, in SHR cells, inhibition of D4 receptor on insulin receptor expression and effect were lost. CONCLUSIONS Activation of D4 receptor inhibits insulin receptor expression in RPT cells from WKY rats. The aberrant inhibition of D4 receptor on insulin receptor expression and effect might be involved in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Benzamides/pharmacology
- Calcium/metabolism
- Calcium Channel Blockers/pharmacology
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Essential Hypertension
- Hypertension/genetics
- Hypertension/metabolism
- Hypertension/pathology
- Immunoblotting
- Intracellular Fluid/metabolism
- Kidney Tubules, Proximal/metabolism
- Kidney Tubules, Proximal/pathology
- Piperazines/pharmacology
- RNA/genetics
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred SHR
- Rats, Inbred WKY
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Receptor, Insulin/biosynthesis
- Receptor, Insulin/genetics
- Receptors, Dopamine D4/drug effects
- Receptors, Dopamine D4/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongmei Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Xi Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Duofen He
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongyong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunyu Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Weibin Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
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An upstream regulatory element confers orientation-independent enhancement of the TSG101 promoter activity in transformed cells. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:517-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-0766-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2010] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Guo L, Eviatar-Ribak T, Miskimins R. Sp1 phosphorylation is involved in myelin basic protein gene transcription. J Neurosci Res 2010; 88:3233-42. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.22486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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10
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Jacquemin G, Shirley S, Micheau O. Combining naturally occurring polyphenols with TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand: a promising approach to kill resistant cancer cells? Cell Mol Life Sci 2010; 67:3115-30. [PMID: 20508968 PMCID: PMC11115850 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-010-0407-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2010] [Revised: 04/16/2010] [Accepted: 05/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and its receptors are attractive targets for anticancer therapy owing to their ability to trigger apoptosis selectively in cancer cells but not in normal cells. To date, many combinatorial strategies, such as chemotherapy or radiotherapy, have given encouraging results for overcoming TRAIL resistance in preclinical models. In this review, we provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms underlying sensitization to TRAIL-induced apoptosis by polyphenols. These naturally occurring compounds can restore tumor cell sensitivity to TRAIL-induced cell death with no apparent toxicity towards normal cells. Both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways can be modulated by polyphenols, the activation of which largely depends on the cell type, the particular polyphenolic compound, and the conditions of treatment. The large variety of polyphenol cellular targets could prove useful in circumventing TRAIL resistance. The relevance of these combined treatments for cancer therapy is discussed in the light of recent preclinical studies.
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Kruczek C, Görg B, Keitel V, Pirev E, Kröncke KD, Schliess F, Häussinger D. Hypoosmotic swelling affects zinc homeostasis in cultured rat astrocytes. Glia 2009; 57:79-92. [DOI: 10.1002/glia.20737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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12
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Li B, Wang X, Zhou F, Saunders NA, Frazer IH, Zhao KN. Up-regulated expression of Sp1 protein coincident with a viral protein in human and mouse differentiating keratinocytes may act as a cell differentiation marker. Differentiation 2008; 76:1068-80. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-0436.2008.00300.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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