1
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Ho PJ, Kweon J, Blumensaadt LA, Neely AE, Kalika E, Leon DB, Oh S, Stringer CWP, Lloyd SM, Ren Z, Bao X. Multi-omics integration identifies cell-state-specific repression by PBRM1-PIAS1 cooperation. Cell Genom 2024; 4:100471. [PMID: 38190100 PMCID: PMC10794847 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2023.100471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
PBRM1 is frequently mutated in cancers of epithelial origin. How PBRM1 regulates normal epithelial homeostasis, prior to cancer initiation, remains unclear. Here, we show that PBRM1's gene regulatory roles differ drastically between cell states, leveraging human skin epithelium (epidermis) as a research platform. In progenitors, PBRM1 predominantly functions to repress terminal differentiation to sustain progenitors' regenerative potential; in the differentiation state, however, PBRM1 switches toward an activator. Between these two cell states, PBRM1 retains its genomic binding but associates with differential interacting proteins. Our targeted screen identified the E3 SUMO ligase PIAS1 as a key interactor. PIAS1 co-localizes with PBRM1 on chromatin to directly repress differentiation genes in progenitors, and PIAS1's chromatin binding drastically diminishes in differentiation. Furthermore, SUMOylation contributes to PBRM1's repressive function in progenitor maintenance. Thus, our findings highlight PBRM1's cell-state-specific regulatory roles influenced by its protein interactome despite its stable chromatin binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patric J Ho
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Junghun Kweon
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Laura A Blumensaadt
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Amy E Neely
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Elizabeth Kalika
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Daniel B Leon
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Sanghyon Oh
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Cooper W P Stringer
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Sarah M Lloyd
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Ziyou Ren
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Xiaomin Bao
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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2
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Neely AE, Zhang Y, Blumensaadt LA, Mao H, Brenner B, Sun C, Zhang HF, Bao X. Nucleoporin downregulation modulates progenitor differentiation independent of nuclear pore numbers. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1033. [PMID: 37853046 PMCID: PMC10584948 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05398-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleoporins (NUPs) comprise nuclear pore complexes, gateways for nucleocytoplasmic transport. As primary human keratinocytes switch from the progenitor state towards differentiation, most NUPs are strongly downregulated, with NUP93 being the most downregulated NUP in this process. To determine if this NUP downregulation is accompanied by a reduction in nuclear pore numbers, we leveraged Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy. No significant changes in nuclear pore numbers were detected using three independent NUP antibodies; however, NUP reduction in other subcellular compartments such as the cytoplasm was identified. To investigate how NUP reduction influences keratinocyte differentiation, we knocked down NUP93 in keratinocytes in the progenitor-state culture condition. NUP93 knockdown diminished keratinocytes' clonogenicity and epidermal regenerative capacity, without drastically affecting nuclear pore numbers or permeability. Using transcriptome profiling, we identified that NUP93 knockdown induces differentiation genes related to both mechanical and immune barrier functions, including the activation of known NF-κB target genes. Consistently, keratinocytes with NUP93 knockdown exhibited increased nuclear localization of the NF-κB p65/p50 transcription factors, and increased NF-κB reporter activity. Taken together, these findings highlight the gene regulatory roles contributed by differential NUP expression levels in keratinocyte differentiation, independent of nuclear pore numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Neely
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
- Molecular Analytics and Photonics (MAP) Lab, Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA.
| | - Laura A Blumensaadt
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Hongjing Mao
- Molecular Analytics and Photonics (MAP) Lab, Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Benjamin Brenner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Cheng Sun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Hao F Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Xiaomin Bao
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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3
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Yeo WH, Zhang Y, Neely AE, Bao X, Sun C, Zhang HF. Investigating Uncertainties in Single-Molecule Localization Microscopy Using Experimentally Informed Monte Carlo Simulation. Nano Lett 2023; 23:7253-7259. [PMID: 37463268 PMCID: PMC10528527 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) enables the visualization of cellular nanostructures in vitro with sub-20 nm resolution. While substructures can generally be imaged with SMLM, the structural understanding of the images remains elusive. To better understand the link between SMLM images and the underlying structure, we developed a Monte Carlo (MC) simulation based on experimental imaging parameters and geometric information to generate synthetic SMLM images. We chose the nuclear pore complex (NPC), a nanosized channel on the nuclear membrane which gates nucleo-cytoplasmic transport of biomolecules, as a test geometry for testing our MC model. Using the MC model to simulate SMLM images, we first optimized our clustering algorithm to separate >106 molecular localizations of fluorescently labeled NPC proteins into hundreds of individual NPCs in each cell. We then illustrated using our MC model to generate cellular substructures with different angles of labeling to inform our structural understanding through the SMLM images obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hong Yeo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Currently with Molecular Analytics and Photonics (MAP) Laboratory, Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Amy E Neely
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Xiaomin Bao
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Cheng Sun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Hao F Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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4
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Neely AE, Blumensaadt LA, Ho PJ, Lloyd SM, Kweon J, Ren Z, Bao X. NUP98 and RAE1 sustain progenitor function through HDAC-dependent chromatin targeting to escape from nucleolar localization. Commun Biol 2023; 6:664. [PMID: 37353594 PMCID: PMC10290086 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05043-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-renewing somatic tissues rely on progenitors to support the continuous tissue regeneration. The gene regulatory network maintaining progenitor function remains incompletely understood. Here we show that NUP98 and RAE1 are highly expressed in epidermal progenitors, forming a separate complex in the nucleoplasm. Reduction of NUP98 or RAE1 abolishes progenitors' regenerative capacity, inhibiting proliferation and inducing premature terminal differentiation. Mechanistically, NUP98 binds on chromatin near the transcription start sites of key epigenetic regulators (such as DNMT1, UHRF1 and EZH2) and sustains their expression in progenitors. NUP98's chromatin binding sites are co-occupied by HDAC1. HDAC inhibition diminishes NUP98's chromatin binding and dysregulates NUP98 and RAE1's target gene expression. Interestingly, HDAC inhibition further induces NUP98 and RAE1 to localize interdependently to the nucleolus. These findings identified a pathway in progenitor maintenance, where HDAC activity directs the high levels of NUP98 and RAE1 to directly control key epigenetic regulators, escaping from nucleolar aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Neely
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Laura A Blumensaadt
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Patric J Ho
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Sarah M Lloyd
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Junghun Kweon
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Ziyou Ren
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xiaomin Bao
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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5
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Lloyd SM, Leon DB, Brady MO, Rodriguez D, McReynolds MP, Kweon J, Neely AE, Blumensaadt LA, Ho PJ, Bao X. CDK9 activity switch associated with AFF1 and HEXIM1 controls differentiation initiation from epidermal progenitors. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4408. [PMID: 35906225 PMCID: PMC9338292 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32098-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Progenitors in epithelial tissues, such as human skin epidermis, continuously make fate decisions between self-renewal and differentiation. Here we show that the Super Elongation Complex (SEC) controls progenitor fate decisions by directly suppressing a group of "rapid response" genes, which feature high enrichment of paused Pol II in the progenitor state and robust Pol II elongation in differentiation. SEC's repressive role is dependent on the AFF1 scaffold, but not AFF4. In the progenitor state, AFF1-SEC associates with the HEXIM1-containing inactive CDK9 to suppress these rapid-response genes. A key rapid-response SEC target is ATF3, which promotes the upregulation of differentiation-activating transcription factors (GRHL3, OVOL1, PRDM1, ZNF750) to advance terminal differentiation. SEC peptidomimetic inhibitors or PKC signaling activates CDK9 and rapidly induces these transcription factors within hours in keratinocytes. Thus, our data suggest that the activity switch of SEC-associated CDK9 underlies the initial processes bifurcating progenitor fates between self-renewal and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Lloyd
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Daniel B Leon
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Mari O Brady
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Deborah Rodriguez
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Madison P McReynolds
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Junghun Kweon
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Amy E Neely
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Laura A Blumensaadt
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Patric J Ho
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Xiaomin Bao
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
- Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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6
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Abstract
Spatial distribution of chromatin-associated proteins provides invaluable information for understanding gene regulation. Conventional immunostaining is widely used for labeling chromatin-associated proteins in many cell types. However, for a subset of difficult cell types, such as differentiated human keratinocytes, achieving high-quality immunostaining for nuclear proteins remains challenging. To overcome this technical barrier, we developed the nuclei isolation staining (NIS) method. In brief, NIS involves rapid isolation of nuclei from live cells, followed by fixation and staining of the nuclei directly on coverslips for subsequent high-magnification imaging. By removing the cytoplasmic contents and staining just the nuclei, this NIS method drastically improves antibody labeling efficiency for chromatin-associated proteins. In this article, we describe the development and a step-by-step protocol of NIS, using differentiated human keratinocytes as an example. We also discuss other applications, based on the principle of this NIS method, for understanding cell-type and cell-state specific gene regulation. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Neely
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Xiaomin Bao
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois.,Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
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7
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Neely AE, Davis NY, Weiland MH. Introduction of Enzymatic Polymer Degradation to enhance the Undergraduate Polymer Chemistry Curriculum. FASEB J 2017. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.31.1_supplement.587.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Neely
- Chemistry and PhysicsArmstrong State UniversitySavannahGA
| | - Nicole Y Davis
- Chemistry and PhysicsArmstrong State UniversitySavannahGA
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8
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Robinson RL, Neely AE, Mojadedi W, Threatt KN, Davis NY, Weiland MH. Using an FPLC to promote active learning of the principles of protein structure and purification. Biochem Mol Biol Educ 2017; 45:60-68. [PMID: 27229266 DOI: 10.1002/bmb.20980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The concepts of protein purification are often taught in undergraduate biology and biochemistry lectures and reinforced during laboratory exercises; however, very few reported activities allow students to directly gain experience using modern protein purification instruments, such as Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography (FPLC). This laboratory exercise uses size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and ion exchange (IEX) chromatography to separate a mixture of four different proteins. Students use an SEC chromatogram and corresponding SDS-PAGE gel to understand how protein conformations change under different conditions (i.e. native and non-native). Students explore strategies to separate co-eluting proteins by IEX chromatography. Using either cation or anion exchange, one protein is bound to the column while the other is collected in the flow-through. In this exercise, undergraduate students gain hands-on experience with experimental design, buffer and sample preparation, and implementation of instrumentation that is commonly used by experienced researchers while learning and applying the fundamental concepts of protein structure, protein purification, and SDS-PAGE. © 2016 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 45(1):60-68, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah L Robinson
- Department of Biology, Armstrong State University, Savannah, Georgia, 31419
| | - Amy E Neely
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Armstrong State University, Savannah, Georgia, 31419
| | - Wais Mojadedi
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Armstrong State University, Savannah, Georgia, 31419
| | - Katie N Threatt
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Armstrong State University, Savannah, Georgia, 31419
| | - Nicole Y Davis
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Armstrong State University, Savannah, Georgia, 31419
| | - Mitch H Weiland
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Armstrong State University, Savannah, Georgia, 31419
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9
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Neely AE, Mandigo KA, Robinson RL, Ness TL, Weiland MH. Chimeric approach for narrowing a membrane-inserting region within human perforin. Protein Eng Des Sel 2016; 30:105-111. [PMID: 27980121 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzw069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Perforin is a pore-forming, immune protein that functions to deliver an apoptotic cocktail of proteins into a target pathogen. Recent studies of the bacterial cholesterol-dependent cytolysins (CDCs) have provided a model for perforin's pore-forming mechanism. Both perforin and CDC family members share a conserved β-sheet flanked by two clusters of α-helices. Within the CDCs, these helices refold into two transmembrane β-hairpins, TMH1 and TMH2. Based upon structural conservation and electron microscopy imaging, the analogous helices within perforin are predicted to also be membrane inserting; however, these regions are approximately twice the length of the CDC TMHs. To test the membrane-insertion potential of one of these regions, chimeras were created using a well-characterized CDC, perfringolysin-O (PFO), as the backbone of these constructs. PFO's TMH2 region was replaced with perforin's corresponding helical region. Although hemolytic activity was observed, the chimera was poorly soluble. A second chimera contained the same region truncated to match the length of the PFO TMH2 region. The truncated chimera demonstrated improved solubility, significant hemolytic activity and the ability to form pores characteristic of those created by PFO. These results provide the first evidence that perforin's helices function as TMHs and more importantly narrows the residues responsible for membrane insertion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Neely
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Armstrong State University, Savannah, GA 31419, USA
| | - Kimberly A Mandigo
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Armstrong State University, Savannah, GA 31419, USA
| | - Rebekah L Robinson
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Armstrong State University, Savannah, GA 31419, USA.,Department of Biology, Armstrong State University, Savannah, GA 31419, USA
| | - Traci L Ness
- Department of Biology, Armstrong State University, Savannah, GA 31419, USA
| | - Mitch H Weiland
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Armstrong State University, Savannah, GA 31419, USA
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10
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Krauss JS, Jonah MH, Baisden CR, Parnell DY, Neely AE, Mohorn P. The microchromatographic measurement of fetal hemoglobin levels in hemoglobin C-associated conditions. Clin Biochem 1985; 18:252-3. [PMID: 2412727 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-9120(85)80051-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We report the microchromatographic estimation of fetal hemoglobin (Hb F) in 3 conditions associated with hemoglobin C: hemoglobin C-hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin (Hb C-HPFH), homozygous hemoglobin C disease, and hemoglobin SC disease. In the case of Hb C-HPFH (Case 1) the Hb F level by alkali denaturation was 32.5% while the Hb F level by microchromatography was 35.3%. In both cases of homozygous Hb C disease and Hb SC disease the Hb F level by alkali denaturation was less than 1% and the microchromatographic Hb F level was 0.7%. We conclude that microchromatographic methods for determination of Hb F levels can be employed in the Hb C-HPFH, homozygous Hb C, and Hb SC conditions. To our knowledge, the microchromatographic determination of Hb F levels has not been applied previously to the Hb C-HPFH condition or Hb C disease.
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11
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Krauss JS, Jonah MH, Baisden CR, Parnell DY, Neely AE, Mohorn P. The microchromatographic estimation of fetal hemoglobin levels in hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin. Clin Chem 1984; 30:1419. [PMID: 6204792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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12
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Krauss JS, Jonah MH, Baisden CR, Parnell DY, Neely AE, Mohorn P. The microchromatographic estimation of fetal hemoglobin levels in hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin. Clin Chem 1984. [DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/30.8.1419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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13
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Shah NS, Shah KR, Lawrence RS, Neely AE. The uptake and distribution of 14-C-mescaline in different organs of developing rat. Drug Metab Dispos 1975; 3:74-9. [PMID: 236161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Rats of 1,4,8,12,20, and 60 days postnatal age were injected ip with 14-C-mescaline (50 nCi/g). The levels of mescaline and its deaminated metabolite, 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenylacetic acid, were examined in the brain, liver, heart, spleen, lung, and kidney at 30, 60, 90, and 120 min. Mescaline was rapidly taken up by all the organs examined. In general, the organs of younger rats accumulated much larger amounts than those of adult animals. Brain concentrated the lowest amounts in comparison with other tissues. In the brain, the uptake was the highest in 1-day-old rats and decreased with age. The disappearance of mescaline in various organs was comparatively slower in younger animals than in 20-day or older rats. Rats immediately after birth and uptake was the highest in 1-day-old rats and decreased with age. The disappearance of mescaline in various organs was comparatively slower in younger animals than in 20-day or older rats. Rats immediately after birth and up to 20 days of age metabolized mescaline less efficiently than adults. From the data, it appears that the blood-brain barrier for mescaline develops gradually with age but is not completely impermeable in adults.
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14
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Shah NS, Shah KR, Lawrence RS, Neely AE. Effects of chlorpromazine and haloperidol on the disposition of mescaline-14C in mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1973; 186:297-304. [PMID: 4719782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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15
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Shah NS, Neely AE. Drug interaction--effect of chlorpromazine on the disposition of 8- 14 C-mescaline in fetal and maternal brain and liver in pregnant mouse. Biochem Pharmacol 1973; 22:1535-8. [PMID: 4732531 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(73)90335-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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16
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Shah NS, Neely AE, Shah KR, Lawrence RS. Placental transfer and tissue distribution of mescaline- 14 C in the mouse. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1973; 184:489-93. [PMID: 4688184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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