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Wang C, Cao F, Cao J, Jiao Z, You Y, Xiong Y, Zhao W, Wang X. CD58 acts as a tumor promotor in hepatocellular carcinoma via activating the AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway. J Transl Med 2023; 21:539. [PMID: 37573318 PMCID: PMC10422835 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04364-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide because of rapid progression and high incidence of metastasis or recurrence. Accumulating evidence shows that CD58-expressing tumor cell is implicated in development of various cancers. The present study aimed to reveal the functional significance of CD58 in HCC progression and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Immunohistochemical staining (IHC), and western blotting were used to detect the expression of CD58 in HCC tissues and cells. The levels of sCD58 (a soluble form of CD58) in the cell supernatants and serum were assessed by ELISA. CCK-8, colony formation, and xenograft assays were used to detect the function of CD58 on proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Transwell assay and sphere formation assay were performed to evaluate the effect of CD58 and sCD58 on metastasis and self-renewal ability of HCC cells. Western blotting, immunofluorescence (IF), TOP/FOP Flash reporter assay, and subcellular fractionation assay were conducted to investigate the molecular regulation between CD58/sCD58 and AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin axis in HCC cells. RESULTS CD58 was significantly upregulated in HCC tissues. Elevation of CD58 expression correlated with more satellite foci and vascular invasion, and poorer tumor-free and overall survival in HCC patients. Higher sCD58 levels were in HCC patients' serum compared to healthy individuals. Functionally, CD58 promotes the proliferation of HCC cells in vitro and in vivo. Meanwhile, CD58 and sCD58 induce metastasis, self-renewal and pluripotency in HCC cells in vitro. Mechanistically, CD58 activates the AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway by increasing phosphorylation of AKT or GSK3β signaling, promoting expression of Wnt/β-catenin target proteins and TCF/LEF-mediated transcriptional activity. Furthermore, AKT activator SC-79 or inhibitor LY294002 abolished the inhibitory effect of CD58 silencing on the proliferation, metastasis, and stemness of HCC cells. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, CD58 promotes HCC progression and metastasis via activating the AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway, suggesting that CD58 is a novel prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanzheng Wang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Translational Medical of Digestive System Tumor, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine,, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361004, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Cao
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Translational Medical of Digestive System Tumor, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine,, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahao Cao
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Translational Medical of Digestive System Tumor, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine,, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361004, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Jiao
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Translational Medical of Digestive System Tumor, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine,, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting You
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Translational Medical of Digestive System Tumor, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine,, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Xiong
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Translational Medical of Digestive System Tumor, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine,, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361004, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxiu Zhao
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Translational Medical of Digestive System Tumor, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine,, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Translational Medical of Digestive System Tumor, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine,, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361004, People's Republic of China.
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Ho P, Melms JC, Rogava M, Frangieh CJ, Poźniak J, Shah SB, Walsh Z, Kyrysyuk O, Amin AD, Caprio L, Fullerton BT, Soni RK, Ager CR, Biermann J, Wang Y, Khosravi-Maharlooei M, Zanetti G, Mu M, Fatima H, Moore EK, Vasan N, Bakhoum SF, Reiner SL, Bernatchez C, Sykes M, Mace EM, Wucherpfennig KW, Schadendorf D, Bechter O, Shah P, Schwartz GK, Marine JC, Izar B. The CD58-CD2 axis is co-regulated with PD-L1 via CMTM6 and shapes anti-tumor immunity. Cancer Cell 2023; 41:1207-1221.e12. [PMID: 37327789 PMCID: PMC10524902 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2023.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The cell-autonomous balance of immune-inhibitory and -stimulatory signals is a critical process in cancer immune evasion. Using patient-derived co-cultures, humanized mouse models, and single-cell RNA-sequencing of patient melanomas biopsied before and on immune checkpoint blockade, we find that intact cancer cell-intrinsic expression of CD58 and ligation to CD2 is required for anti-tumor immunity and is predictive of treatment response. Defects in this axis promote immune evasion through diminished T cell activation, impaired intratumoral T cell infiltration and proliferation, and concurrently increased PD-L1 protein stabilization. Through CRISPR-Cas9 and proteomics screens, we identify and validate CMTM6 as critical for CD58 stability and upregulation of PD-L1 upon CD58 loss. Competition between CD58 and PD-L1 for CMTM6 binding determines their rate of endosomal recycling over lysosomal degradation. Overall, we describe an underappreciated yet critical axis of cancer immunity and provide a molecular basis for how cancer cells balance immune inhibitory and stimulatory cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Ho
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Johannes C Melms
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Meri Rogava
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Chris J Frangieh
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Klarman Cell Observatory, the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Joanna Poźniak
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Shivem B Shah
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Zachary Walsh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Oleksandr Kyrysyuk
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Amit Dipak Amin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Lindsay Caprio
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Benjamin T Fullerton
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Rajesh Kumar Soni
- Proteomics and Macromolecular Crystallography Shared Resource, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Casey R Ager
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jana Biermann
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Program for Mathematical Genomics, Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yiping Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Program for Mathematical Genomics, Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Mohsen Khosravi-Maharlooei
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
| | - Giorgia Zanetti
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Michael Mu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Hijab Fatima
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Emily K Moore
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Neil Vasan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Samuel F Bakhoum
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Steven L Reiner
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Chantale Bernatchez
- Department of Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Megan Sykes
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Emily M Mace
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Kai W Wucherpfennig
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Dirk Schadendorf
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen and German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | | | - Parin Shah
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Gary K Schwartz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jean-Christophe Marine
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Benjamin Izar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Program for Mathematical Genomics, Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Rees BJ, Tate M, Lynch AM, Thornton CA, Jenkins GJ, Walmsley RM, Johnson GE. Development of an in vitro PIG-A gene mutation assay in human cells. Mutagenesis 2017; 32:283-297. [PMID: 28057708 PMCID: PMC5907909 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gew059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutagens can be carcinogens, and traditionally, they have been identified in vitro using the Salmonella 'Ames' reverse mutation assay. However, prokaryotic DNA packaging, replication and repair systems are mechanistically very different to those in the humans we inevitably seek to protect. Therefore, for many years, mammalian cell line genotoxicity assays that can detect eukaryotic mutagens as well as clastogens and aneugens have been used. The apparent lack of specificity in these largely rodent systems, due partly to their mutant p53 status, has contributed to the use of animal studies to resolve data conflicts. Recently, silencing mutations at the PIG-A locus have been demonstrated to prevent glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor synthesis and consequentially result in loss of GPI-anchored proteins from the cell's extracellular surface. The successful exploitation of this mutant phenotype in animal studies has triggered interest in the development of an analogous in vitro PIG-A mutation screening assay. This article describes the development of a robust assay design using metabolically active human cells. The assay includes viability and cell membrane integrity assessment and conforms to the future ideas of the 21st-century toxicology testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Rees
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, UK
| | - Matthew Tate
- Gentronix Ltd BioHub at Alderley Park, Alderley Edge, Cheshire, UK
| | | | - Catherine A Thornton
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, UK
| | - Gareth J Jenkins
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, UK
| | - Richard M Walmsley
- Gentronix Ltd BioHub at Alderley Park, Alderley Edge, Cheshire, UK
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - George E Johnson
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, UK
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Xu S, Wen Z, Jiang Q, Zhu L, Feng S, Zhao Y, Wu J, Dong Q, Mao J, Zhu Y. CD58, a novel surface marker, promotes self-renewal of tumor-initiating cells in colorectal cancer. Oncogene 2014; 34:1520-31. [PMID: 24727892 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal tumor-initiating cells (CT-ICs) have self-renewal capabilities and have an important role in tumorigenesis, metastasis, recurrence and treatment resistance in colorectal cancer. Multiple cell-surface molecules targeting CT-ICs, possibly representing different CT-IC subpopulations, have been reported. However, whether new surface markers exist, as well as the mechanisms by which the markers regulate self-renewal, remain unclear. In this study, we enriched a CT-IC population through a serum-free low-adhesion system in vitro. Within this population, we found that CD58 and CD44 were upregulated using a cDNA GeneChip, and CD44(high)CD58(high) cancer cells, the common existence of which was demonstrated by flow cytometry in multiple colon cancer cell lines and primary specimens, exhibited enhanced self-renewal ability, epithelial-mesenchymal transition ability and tumorigenicity, both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, activated CD58 upregulated the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and thus promoted self-renewal of CT-ICs; conversely, knockdown of CD58 significantly impaired sphere formation and tumor growth. With immunoprecipitation and western blotting approaches, CD58 was found to upregulate the Wnt pathway by degradation of Dickkopf 3. These results indicate that CD58 is a novel cell-surface marker that functionally regulates self-renewal of CT-ICs, which may provide an intriguing therapeutic target for the efficient killing and elimination of CT-ICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Xu
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Z Wen
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Q Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - L Zhu
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - S Feng
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Y Zhao
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - J Wu
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Q Dong
- Cancer Institute and Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - J Mao
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Y Zhu
- 1] Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China [2] Cancer Institute and Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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